Artificial conservation method for tricholoma matsutake

Abstract

The invention relates to an artificial conservation method for tricholoma matsutake, which belongs to the technical field of conservation and propagation promotion of wild mushrooms, and comprises the following steps: selecting wild tricholoma matsutake with pileus diameter of 1.5-3cm and stipe 1.2-3.2 cm higher than the ground surface; wrapping pileus with absorbent paper for 2-3 circles, and fixing the pileus with a transparent adhesive tape; moisturizing the tricholoma matsutake, and keeping the humidity of a small environment around the tricholoma matsutake; the tricholoma matsutake is harvested after growing for 6-8 days. According to the method, simple and effective conservation measures can be provided for the tricholoma matsutake with small pileus diameter, vegetative growth is prolonged and pileus opening is delayed by inhibiting growth of the tricholoma matsutake pileus, so that the quality and yield of the wild tricholoma matsutake are improved, and meanwhile, the method is easy and convenient to operate, low in cost and suitable for being widely applied to the field environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wild mushroom conservation and propagation promotion, and in particular to a method for artificial conservation of matsutake mushrooms. Background Art

[0002] Matsutake, a rare wild edible mushroom, possesses extremely high nutritional, medicinal, and economic value, earning it the nickname "King of Fungi." However, its growth requirements are extremely demanding, requiring a symbiotic mycorrhizal relationship with pine trees and other species. It relies on specific temperatures (22-25°C), soil moisture (25-30%), air humidity (70-85%), a thick humus layer (3-5cm), and a pollution-free environment. Due to overharvesting and habitat destruction, the wild stock of matsutake has plummeted, even reaching the brink of extinction in some areas. In 2021, matsutake was designated a Class II nationally protected wild species, and in 2020, the World Conservation Union (IUCN) listed it as endangered. The conflict between scarce resources and surging market demand has necessitated the use of conservation and propagation technologies.

[0003] Although research institutions both domestically and internationally have attempted to artificially cultivate matsutake mushrooms through techniques such as mycorrhizal synthesis and artificial pond induction, success has been limited. Matsutake's mycorrhizal dependence and complex growth requirements make it difficult to completely isolate it from natural ecosystems. Therefore, conservation and propagation remain the only viable sustainable resource utilization strategy. Therefore, a method for artificial matsutake conservation is necessary. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides a method for artificial conservation of matsutake mushrooms, which can provide simple and effective conservation measures for matsutake mushrooms with smaller cap diameters. By inhibiting the growth of matsutake mushroom caps, the nutritional growth can be prolonged and the opening of the cap can be delayed, thereby improving the quality and yield of wild matsutake mushrooms. At the same time, the method is simple to operate, low in cost, and suitable for wide application in wild environments.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a method for artificially cultivating matsutake mushrooms, comprising the following steps: (1) Select wild matsutake mushrooms with a cap diameter of 1.5-3 cm and a stem height of 1.2-3.2 cm above the ground; (2) Wrap the cap with absorbent paper 2-3 times and secure with transparent tape; (3) Moisturize the matsutake mushrooms and maintain the humidity of the microenvironment around them; (4) Harvest the matsutake mushrooms after 6-8 days of growth.

[0006] In the above technical solution, the absorbent paper is cut into pieces with a width of 2-2.5 cm and a length of 30-40 cm and then wrapped around the mushroom cap.

[0007] In the above technical solution, the moisturizing treatment measure is to build a small arch shed with branches above the matsutake mushroom and cover it with a fresh-keeping bag.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention achieves artificial conservation of matsutake mushrooms by simply processing wild matsutake mushrooms to create a suitable growth environment, solving the technical problem of the difficulty of artificial cultivation of matsutake mushrooms. It has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, and short growth cycle, and can be widely used in the field of artificial cultivation of matsutake mushrooms.

[0009] 2. By wrapping wild matsutake mushrooms with specific absorbent paper and applying a moisturizing treatment, the present invention provides a simple and effective conservation measure for matsutake mushrooms with smaller cap diameters. By inhibiting the growth of their caps, the method prolongs vegetative growth (delaying cap opening), thereby improving their quality. Compared with conventional moisturizing treatment methods, this method significantly improves the growth quality and yield of wild matsutake mushrooms. Experimental data shows that the method of the present invention can significantly increase matsutake mushroom weight by approximately 92%, prolong the time it takes for matsutake mushrooms to open, and increase their growth time from 3-5 days to 6-8 days. Two consecutive years of experimental data demonstrate that this method is stable and reliable, effectively addressing the problem of poor growth of wild matsutake mushrooms under conventional moisturizing conditions, significantly improving their growth quality and yield, and possessing significant economic value and application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0011] Figure 1 The present invention selects the matsutake picture; Figure 2 This is a diagram of the present invention's matsutake mushroom wrapped in absorbent paper; Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the construction of an arch shed according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a diagram of harvesting matsutake mushrooms of the present invention; Figure 5 It is the inspection report of the absorbent paper of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a graph showing the temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity of the test site for two consecutive years. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the following part will further describe the embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0013] When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present invention, as detailed in the appended claims.

[0014] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the previous and subsequent associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0015] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used in this specification are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0016] Example 1 A method for artificially preserving matsutake mushrooms, comprising the following steps: (1) Select wild matsutake mushrooms that are in good condition and free of pests and diseases in their natural habitat. Their caps are 1.5-2.3 cm in diameter and their stems are 1.2-3.2 cm above the ground. Matsutake mushrooms at this stage of growth have strong vitality and well-developed mycelium, which is conducive to subsequent artificial conservation. When selecting, avoid damaging the soil and mycelium around the matsutake mushrooms to maintain their original growth environment.

[0017] (2) Cut the absorbent paper into strips 2-2.5cm wide and 30-40cm long. Starting from one end of the absorbent paper, wrap it along the edge of the cap of the matsutake mushroom, wrapping it 2-3 times to ensure that the absorbent paper completely covers the outer edge of the cap. When wrapping, pay attention to the strength. It should not be too tight to affect the growth of the matsutake mushroom, nor too loose to cause the absorbent paper to fall off. After wrapping, fix the end of the absorbent paper with transparent tape to prevent the absorbent paper from loosening. The length of the transparent tape is about 3-5cm, and the same width as the absorbent paper. It is attached to the end of the absorbent paper where it overlaps with the previous circle. The function of the absorbent paper is to delay the opening of the cap, while maintaining the humidity on the surface of the cap to prevent the cap from drying out and cracking. In addition, its good air permeability does not affect the normal breathing and growth of the matsutake mushroom.

[0018] (3) Build a small arch over the matsutake mushrooms with branches and cover it with a fresh-keeping bag. The specific steps are: select two flexible branches about 30-40 cm long, insert the ends of the branches into the soil around the matsutake mushrooms to a depth of about 5-8 cm, bend the middle to form an arch, and make the two branches cross to form a bell-shaped skeleton structure, about 15-20 cm high and about 20-25 cm in diameter, ensuring that the arch completely covers the matsutake mushrooms. Then take a suitable size fresh-keeping bag (about 30×40 cm) and put it on the outside of the arch, with the opening of the fresh-keeping bag facing down, and gently press it into the soil about 2-3 cm deep, ensuring that the fresh-keeping bag is in close contact with the ground but not completely sealed, leaving a small amount of air circulation. The function of the fresh-keeping bag is to create a relatively closed small environment, increase the internal air humidity, and at the same time allow for appropriate gas exchange to prevent the internal carbon dioxide concentration from being too high.

[0019] (4) After completing the above-mentioned conservation treatment, continue to observe the growth status of the matsutake. After the matsutake has grown for 6-8 days, determine whether it has reached the harvesting standard based on the degree of expansion of the cap and the elongation of the stipe. The ideal time for harvesting is when the cap diameter reaches about 2-3 times its original size, the edge of the cap begins to flatten but has not yet fully expanded, and the gills are pink to brown. When harvesting, first remove the fresh-keeping bag and the arch structure, then carefully remove the absorbent paper, use a clean wooden tool to insert it into the soil 3 cm away from the base of the matsutake, loosen the surrounding soil, pull out the matsutake, and then restore the pond soil to avoid damaging the underground mycelium to facilitate the growth of the next round of matsutake. After harvesting, the matsutake should be cleaned and stored immediately, and impurities attached to the surface should be removed. Store in an environment of 4-8°C to maintain freshness for 24-48 hours.

[0020] Example 2 A method for artificially preserving matsutake mushrooms, comprising the following steps: (1) In the woodlands where matsutake mushrooms grow naturally, select wild matsutake mushrooms in good condition, with a cap diameter of 1.5 cm and a stem 3.2 cm above the ground. Wearing cotton gloves, gently remove the dead branches and leaves around the matsutake mushrooms to facilitate the next step. The selected matsutake mushrooms should be free of insects and rot, with a smooth and intact cap and a straight and elastic stem.

[0021] (2) Cut the absorbent paper into strips 2.2 cm wide and 35 cm long. Use clean scissors to ensure that the edges are smooth. Starting from one end of the absorbent paper, wrap it around the edge of the matsutake mushroom cap. Wrap it three times, ensuring that the absorbent paper completely covers the edge of the cap. Be gentle when wrapping to avoid squeezing the cap. After wrapping, secure the end of the absorbent paper with a piece of transparent tape about 4 cm long. The tape should only be attached to the absorbent paper and not directly contact the surface of the matsutake mushroom.

[0022] (3) Build a small arch over the matsutake mushrooms with branches and cover it with a plastic bag. To do this: Take two bamboo strips about 40 cm long and insert both ends of the strips into the soil around the matsutake mushrooms. Bend the ends in the middle to form an arch, so that the strips cross to form a bell-shaped skeleton. Then, take a 30 × 40 cm food-grade plastic bag and place it over the outside of the arch. With the bag's opening facing downward, gently press it into the soil to a depth of about 2.5 cm. Leave two to three small holes at the bottom of the bag to ensure adequate air circulation.

[0023] (4) After completing the above-mentioned conservation treatment, observe and record the growth status of the matsutake mushrooms every day. After 7 days of growth, the diameter of the matsutake mushroom cap reaches 3.6 cm (three times the original diameter). The edge of the cap begins to flatten but has not yet fully expanded, and the fungus veil becomes thinner and almost transparent. At this time, harvesting is carried out. First, carefully remove the preservation bag and the arch structure, then gently remove the absorbent paper. Next to the base of the matsutake mushroom, insert a wooden stick into the soil about 10 cm to loosen the soil where the matsutake mushroom is located. Put on clean cotton gloves, hold the lower part of the stem, and gently pull out the matsutake mushroom. The harvested matsutake mushroom weighs 137g.

[0024] Example 3 A method for artificially preserving matsutake mushrooms, comprising the following steps: (1) During the matsutake mushroom growing season (usually July to September), select wild matsutake mushrooms in good condition in coniferous forests where matsutake mushrooms grow naturally. The cap should be 2 cm in diameter and the stipe should be 3 cm above the ground. When selecting, use a wooden tool to gently remove the pine needles and debris around the matsutake mushrooms, making sure not to damage the matsutake mushrooms and the surrounding mycelial network. The selected matsutake mushrooms should have an intact cap, no surface damage, and be light brown to tan in color.

[0025] (2) Cut the absorbent paper into strips 2 cm wide and 30 cm long. Starting from one end of the absorbent paper, wrap it along the edge of the cap. Since the cap is small, only two wraps are needed to completely cover the outer edge of the cap. Be extremely gentle when wrapping to avoid putting any pressure on the small cap. After wrapping, secure the end of the absorbent paper with a narrow strip of transparent tape about 3 cm long. Stick the tape only to the overlapping part of the absorbent paper to ensure stability.

[0026] (3) Build a small arch over the matsutake using branches and cover it with a plastic bag. The specific procedure is: select two flexible branches about 35 cm long, insert one end of the branch into the soil around the matsutake to a depth of about 5 cm, and bend the other end to form an arch. The branches cross to form a bell-shaped skeleton structure, about 15 cm high and 20 cm in diameter, just enough to completely cover the young matsutake. Then, take a 25×35 cm food-grade plastic bag and put it on the outside of the arch, with the bag opening facing down. Gently press it into the soil about 2 cm deep, leaving a small hole at the top of the bag to ensure a small amount of air circulation while maintaining a high humidity inside.

[0027] (4) After completing the above-mentioned conservation treatment, observe and record the growth status of the matsutake mushrooms every day. After 6 days of growth, the diameter of the matsutake mushroom cap reaches 3.9 cm (2.6 times the original diameter), the edge of the cap begins to flatten, the mushroom veil becomes thinner, and it is about to open. At this time, harvesting is carried out. First, carefully remove the preservation bag and the arch structure, then gently remove the absorbent paper, insert a sharpened wooden stick from the base of the matsutake mushroom, loosen the soil, and gently pull out the matsutake mushroom. The weight of the harvested matsutake mushrooms at this time is 130g. Example 4 A method for artificially preserving matsutake mushrooms, comprising the following steps: (1) In the middle of the matsutake growing season (usually mid-August), select wild matsutake mushrooms in good condition with a cap diameter of 2.5 cm and a stipe 2 cm above the ground. When selecting, use a bamboo tool to gently push away the pine needle layer around the matsutake mushrooms. Do not disturb the soil within 15 cm of the matsutake mushrooms to protect the mycelial network. The selected matsutake mushrooms should have a complete cap, a smooth surface, a dark brown color, and a thick, elastic stipe.

[0028] (2) Cut the absorbent paper into strips 2.5 cm wide and 40 cm long. Starting from one end of the absorbent paper, wrap it along the edge of the cap of the matsutake mushroom. Since the cap is large, wrap it three times to ensure that the edge of the cap is covered. Be careful to apply even force when wrapping, ensuring that the absorbent paper fits tightly to the surface of the cap without excessively squeezing it. After wrapping, secure the end of the absorbent paper with a piece of transparent tape about 3 cm long. Stick the tape only on the absorbent paper to avoid direct contact with the surface of the matsutake mushroom.

[0029] (3) Build a small arch over the matsutake with branches and cover it with a plastic bag. The specific steps are: select two bamboo sticks about 40 cm long, insert the ends into the soil around the matsutake to a depth of about 8 cm, bend the middle to form an arch, and cross them to form a larger bell-shaped structure, about 20 cm high and 25 cm in diameter, which can completely cover the larger matsutake. Then take a 35×45 cm food-grade plastic bag and put it on the outside of the arch, with the bag opening facing down. Gently press it into the soil to a depth of about 3 cm. Leave 3-4 small holes evenly around the bag to ensure adequate air circulation.

[0030] (4) After completing the above-mentioned conservation treatment, observe and record the growth status of the matsutake mushrooms every day. After 7 days of growth, the diameter of the matsutake mushroom cap reaches 6.5 cm (3.25 times the original diameter), the edge of the cap begins to flatten, and the fungus veil becomes thinner and almost transparent. At this time, harvesting is carried out. First, carefully remove the preservation bag and the arch structure, then gently remove the absorbent paper, and insert a wooden tool into the soil 3 cm away from the base of the matsutake mushroom to loosen the surrounding soil, pull out the matsutake mushroom, and then compact the pond soil to avoid damaging the matsutake pond. The weight of the harvested matsutake mushrooms at this time is 134.4 g.

[0031] Example 5 A method for artificially preserving matsutake mushrooms, comprising the following steps: (1) In the late growing season (usually September), select wild matsutake mushrooms in good condition with a cap diameter of 3 cm and a stipe 1.2 cm above the ground. Use a bamboo tool to gently push away the pine needle layer around the matsutake mushrooms. Do not disturb the soil within 15 cm of the mushrooms to protect the mycelial network. The selected matsutake mushrooms should have a complete cap, a smooth surface, a dark brown color, and a thick, elastic stipe.

[0032] (2) Cut the absorbent paper into strips 2.5 cm wide and 40 cm long. Starting from one end of the absorbent paper, wrap it along the edge of the cap of the matsutake mushroom. Because the cap is large, wrap it three times to ensure that the edge of the cap is firmly wrapped. Be careful to apply even force when wrapping, ensuring that the absorbent paper fits tightly to the surface of the cap without excessively squeezing it. After wrapping, secure the end of the absorbent paper with a piece of transparent tape about 5 cm long. Stick the tape only on the absorbent paper to avoid direct contact with the surface of the matsutake mushroom.

[0033] (3) Build a small arch over the matsutake using branches and cover it with a plastic bag. The specific steps are: select two bamboo sticks about 45 cm long, insert the ends into the soil around the matsutake to a depth of about 8 cm, bend the middle to form an arch, and cross them to form a larger bell-shaped skeleton structure, about 20 cm high and 12 cm in diameter, which can completely cover the larger matsutake. Then take a 35×45 cm food-grade plastic bag and put it on the outside of the arch, with the bag opening facing down. Gently press it into the soil to a depth of about 3 cm, leaving 3-4 small holes evenly distributed around the bag to ensure adequate air circulation.

[0034] (4) After completing the above-mentioned conservation treatment, observe and record the growth status of the matsutake mushrooms every day. After 8 days of growth, the diameter of the cap of the matsutake mushrooms reaches 7 cm (2.8 times the original diameter), the edge of the cap begins to flatten, and the gills are dark brown. At this time, the matsutake mushrooms are harvested. First, carefully remove the fresh-keeping bag and the arch structure, then gently remove the absorbent paper and use a sterilized stainless steel knife to cut the matsutake mushrooms about 1.5 cm from the base of the stem. The cut is smooth. The weight of the harvested matsutake mushrooms at this time is 153.6 g.

[0035] Comparative Example 1 A method for artificially preserving matsutake mushrooms, comprising the following steps: (1) During the matsutake growing season, select wild matsutake mushrooms in good condition, with a cap diameter of 3 cm and a stipe 1.2 cm above the ground. When selecting, use a bamboo tool to gently push away the pine needle layer around the matsutake mushrooms. Do not disturb the soil within 15 cm of the matsutake mushrooms to protect the mycelial network. The selected matsutake mushrooms should have a complete cap, a smooth surface, a dark brown color, and a thick, elastic stipe.

[0036] (2) Build a small arch shed above the matsutake mushrooms and cover it with dead leaves.

[0037] (3) After completing the above-mentioned conservation treatment, the growth status of the matsutake mushrooms was observed and recorded daily. After 4 days of growth, the edges of the cap began to flatten, and the veil became thinner and was about to open. Harvesting was then carried out, and the harvested matsutake mushrooms weighed up to 67.7g.

[0038] Experimental analysis (1) Test method Wild matsutake mushrooms with stipes 1.5-3 cm above ground level and caps 1.2-3.2 cm in diameter were selected. Initially, the selected specimens underwent similar growth conditions and physiological characteristics to minimize experimental error. A comparative experimental design was employed, with two treatment groups: a "paper-wrapped" treatment group and a control group (ck). In the "paper-wrapped" treatment group, the caps were wrapped two to three times with absorbent paper cut to a width of 2-2.5 cm and a length of 30-40 cm, secured with transparent tape. Conventional moisturizing treatment was then applied: a small arched canopy constructed of branches was placed over the matsutake mushrooms, covered with plastic wrap to maintain humidity. The treatment group aimed to investigate the effects of the paper-wrapped treatment on relevant indicators of wild matsutake mushrooms. The control group, treated with a small arched canopy, served as a baseline for comparison. Multiple replicates were set up for each treatment group, and comparative experiments were conducted over two consecutive years. In 2023, the "paper-wrapped" treatment group included three replicates, and the control group included three replicates. In 2024, the "paper-wrapped" treatment group included six replicates, and the control group included six replicates. Each replicate was independently processed and observed to improve the reliability and accuracy of the test results and effectively estimate the experimental error. At harvest, the following parameters were measured for each sample: weight (g), stipe diameter (mm), cap diameter (mm), and stipe length (cm).

[0039] (2) Experimental data analysis One-way ANOVA was used to test whether the differences in various indicators between treatment groups were significant. When the one-way ANOVA indicated significant differences, multiple comparisons were performed. This study used Tukey's HSD test, with results presented as letters to visually assess differences between treatment groups. The results of the ANOVA and multiple comparisons are shown in Table 1.

[0040] Table 1 Effects of different treatments on the growth of Matsutake Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P﹤0.05) In 2023, the "paper-wrapped" treatment showed significant differences in weight, stipe diameter, and cap diameter compared to the control treatment, demonstrating superior results. However, there was no significant difference in stipe length between the two treatments. In 2024, the "paper-wrapped" treatment showed significant differences in all parameters studied (weight, stipe diameter, cap diameter, and stipe length), with the "paper-wrapped" treatment demonstrating superior results in these parameters. While differences in temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity between 2023 and 2024 may have affected the growth of wild matsutake mushrooms, wrapping with paper significantly increased their weight.

[0041] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of this embodiment correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of this application, it should be understood that if the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships, they are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting this application. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made in form and details without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for artificial conservation of Matsutake mushrooms, characterized by: The artificial conservation method of Matsutake mushrooms comprises the following steps: (1) Select wild matsutake mushrooms with a cap diameter of 1.5-3 cm and a stem height of 1.2-3.2 cm above the ground; (2) Wrap the cap with absorbent paper 2-3 times and secure with transparent tape; (3) Moisturize the matsutake mushrooms and maintain the humidity of the microenvironment around them; (4) Harvest the matsutake mushrooms after 6-8 days of growth.

2. The method for artificially cultivating matsutake mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein: The absorbent paper is cut into pieces with a width of 2-2.5 cm and a length of 30-40 cm and then wrapped around the mushroom cap.

3. The method for artificially cultivating matsutake mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein: The moisturizing treatment measure is to build a small arch shed with branches above the matsutake mushroom and cover it with a fresh-keeping bag.

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