Drilling construction equipment with drilling cooperating with reciprocating impact and coal seam gas extraction method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety, and relates to drilling construction equipment with drilling cooperating with reciprocating impact and a coal seam gas extraction method. The impact fracturing assembly comprises an impact drill bit, a reciprocating impact rod and a rotary transmission rod; the middle of the reciprocating impact rod is slidably sleeved with a first positioning block. The reciprocating impact rod is provided with a straight groove arranged in the axial direction, and the straight groove is matched with a linear protrusion in the first positioning block. A movable block is fixedly arranged at the other end of the reciprocating impact rod, one side of the movable block is attached to the inner wall of a groove in the end drill rod, and the other side of the movable block is attached to an annular double-arrow-shaped groove formed in the rotation transmission rod. The rotation transmission rod is axially limited through a second positioning block arranged on the rotation transmission rod in a sleeving mode. One end of the spiral drill rod is connected with the end drill rod, and a universal coupling is movably arranged in the spiral drill rod; the other end of the rotary transmission rod is connected with one end of a universal coupling, and one end of the universal coupling is detachably connected with a tail connector through the tail end of a spiral drill rod.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety, and relates to drilling construction equipment with coordinated reciprocating impact and a coal seam gas extraction method. Background Art

[0002] Coal mine gas, also known as "coalbed methane," is a combustible gas primarily composed of methane. It primarily resides within the pore and fracture systems of coal and poses a major threat to coal mine safety. However, from a resource utilization perspective, coal mine gas is considered an unconventional natural gas and possesses significant utilization value. Strengthening coal mine gas extraction and the development and utilization of coalbed methane in coal mining areas is crucial for many reasons. On the one hand, it helps mitigate the greenhouse effect, as methane is a potent greenhouse gas. Effective extraction and utilization of methane can reduce atmospheric emissions. On the other hand, it ensures safe coal mine production by reducing the risk of explosions and other accidents caused by gas accumulation during coal mining operations through early extraction. Furthermore, it increases the supply of clean energy, alleviates energy pressure, and promotes the optimization of the energy structure.

[0003] However, my country's coal seam gas geology is complex. Most coal seams are high-gas, coal-and-gas outburst coal seams, and have low coal permeability. These geological characteristics make it difficult to achieve effective gas control using conventional measures. Conventional gas control methods often have limited effectiveness and fail to meet the requirements of coal mine safety and efficient resource utilization. To improve gas extraction efficiency, coal mine safety personnel typically implement coal seam permeability enhancement techniques such as hydraulic fracturing, high-pressure hydraulic fracturing, and carbon dioxide phase change fracturing after drilling for coal seam gas extraction. These techniques aim to increase the gas permeability of the coal and enhance gas extraction efficiency. However, these conventional permeability enhancement measures have significant drawbacks. They require the installation of new, specialized process equipment after drilling, which not only increases equipment investment costs but also places greater demands on site space and operational requirements. Furthermore, these permeability enhancement measures require extended operation times, prolonging the overall gas control cycle and reducing coal mine production efficiency. From a technical and economic perspective, conventional permeability enhancement measures are not ideal.

[0004] Therefore, the search for a synergistic permeability enhancement process during drilling is particularly urgent. If such a process could be implemented, it would allow gas extraction drilling and permeability enhancement measures to complement each other, improving gas extraction effectiveness while reducing additional equipment investment and operating time, thereby increasing the efficiency of mine gas disaster management. This is not only a key technical challenge currently facing coal mine safety scientists and technicians, but also an important direction for advancing coal mine gas control technology, ensuring safe coal mine production, and efficient resource utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a drilling construction equipment and coal seam gas extraction method with coordinated drilling and reciprocating impact, so as to solve the problems raised in the background technology.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A drilling construction equipment with drilling coordinated reciprocating impact, comprising:

[0008] The end drill rod has a groove inside;

[0009] An impact fracturing assembly is installed in the groove of the end drill rod, comprising an impact drill bit, a reciprocating impact rod and a rotary transmission rod;

[0010] The impact drill bit and the reciprocating impact rod are an integrated structure. A first positioning block is provided on a sliding sleeve in the middle of the reciprocating impact rod. A first latch hole is provided on the first positioning block. The first positioning block is fixed inside the end drill rod by a first latch that radially penetrates the side wall of the end drill rod and cooperates with the first latch hole.

[0011] The reciprocating impact rod is provided with an axially arranged straight groove, which cooperates with the linear protrusion inside the first positioning block, so that the reciprocating impact rod moves along the axial direction of the end drill rod under the constraint of the first positioning block;

[0012] A movable block is fixedly provided at the other end of the reciprocating impact rod, one side of the movable block is in contact with the inner wall of the groove in the end drill rod, and the other side is in contact with the annular double-arrow-shaped groove provided on the rotation transmission rod;

[0013] The rotation transmission rod is axially limited by a second positioning block sleeved thereon, and a second latch hole is formed on the second positioning block. The second positioning block is fixed inside the end drill rod by a second latch hole engaged with a second latch radially penetrating the side wall of the end drill rod;

[0014] A spiral drill rod, one end of which is connected to the end drill rod and a universal coupling is provided inside the spiral drill rod;

[0015] Wherein, the other end of the rotation transmission rod is connected to one end of the universal coupling, and one end of the universal coupling is detachably connected to a tail joint through the tail end of the auger rod;

[0016] The tail end and the tail joint of the auger rod are both detachably connected to the clamping device of the drilling rig to respectively drive the auger rod and the tail joint to rotate.

[0017] Furthermore, the impact drill bit is conical or spherical in shape to enhance the impact effect on the coal body.

[0018] Furthermore, an annular protrusion is provided inside the second positioning block, and an annular groove cooperating with the annular protrusion is provided on the rotation transmission rod to axially limit the rotation transmission rod.

[0019] Furthermore, the annular double-arrow-shaped groove on the rotation transmission rod is a continuous wave-shaped groove, so that the movable block reciprocates along the axial direction when the rotation transmission rod rotates.

[0020] Furthermore, the end of the end drill rod is provided with a cutting drill bit for cutting the coal body during rotation.

[0021] Furthermore, spiral blades are provided on the outer sides of the end drill rod and the spiral drill rod for discharging coal dust in the drill hole.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes a water braid and a high-pressure hose connected to the water braid. The water braid is detachably connected to the tail end of the spiral drill rod. The high-pressure hose is connected to the high-pressure air or high-pressure water underground and is used to discharge coal dust cut or impacted in front of the end drill rod through the space inside the drill rod.

[0023] Furthermore, a radial protrusion is provided on the outer side of the first positioning block, and the radial protrusion is adapted to the groove in the end drill rod to improve the stability of the impact fracturing assembly during reciprocating impact.

[0024] Furthermore, the tail joint is threadedly connected to the universal coupling.

[0025] A method for drilling and coal seam gas extraction using the drilling equipment includes the following steps:

[0026] S1: Installing the impact fracturing assembly into the groove of the end drill rod, and fixing the first positioning block and the second positioning block by a first latch and a second latch;

[0027] S2: Connecting the universal coupling to the rotation transmission rod, then connecting the auger rod to the end drill rod, and connecting a water braid to the tail end of the auger rod;

[0028] S3: Clamping the tail end of the auger rod with a clamping device of the drilling rig, turning on the drilling rig, and rotating the auger rod to drive the end drill rod to perform a rotary cutting and advancing motion;

[0029] S4: After drilling to the depth of one auger rod, the drilling rig is shut down, the connection between the water braid and the auger rod is removed, the tail joint is connected to the universal coupling, the tail joint of the auger rod is clamped by the clamping device of the drilling rig, and the drilling rig is turned on. The tail joint is rotated to drive the universal coupling and the rotation transmission rod to rotate, and the rotation of the annular double-arrow-shaped groove drives the movable block and the reciprocating impact rod to perform axial reciprocating motion, thereby driving the impact drill bit to continuously impact and fracture the coal body;

[0030] S5: After the impact fracturing is completed, the drilling rig is shut down, and the connection between the tail joint and the universal coupling is removed. Then, a new auger rod is added, and steps S3-S4 are repeated until the predetermined drilling depth is reached.

[0031] S5: After the drilling construction is completed, the borehole is sealed and the gas extraction borehole is connected to the underground gas extraction pipeline to carry out gas extraction.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] 1. This technical solution organically combines the rotary cutting of the cutting drill bit with the impact fracturing technology to achieve the coordinated operation of drilling and impact fracturing in coal seam gas extraction drilling. The core of this solution is to use the drilling rig's clamping device to drive the spiral drill rod and the end drill rod to perform rotary cutting without retracting the drill. At the same time, during the interval of stopping the rotary cutting to add rods, the impact drill bit is used to continuously impact fracture the coal body. The realization of this dual function not only improves the drilling construction efficiency, but also enhances the coal seam gas permeability characteristics through the secondary cracks generated by the impact, laying the foundation for efficient gas extraction and demonstrating significant technical and economic benefits.

[0034] 2. This technical solution requires no additional technical support. The dual tasks of drilling and impact fracturing are accomplished simply by gripping the auger pipe and rotating the tail joint with the drill rig's clamping device. This operation differs little from conventional drilling, making it simple and easy for downhole operators to master. The impact fracturing assembly is integrated into the end of the drill pipe and secured with a positioning block and latch to ensure stable operation. This simplicity not only lowers the operational barrier but also improves the device's practicality and reliability in complex downhole environments, facilitating rapid deployment and widespread application.

[0035] 3. Through the synergistic effect of rotary cutting and impact fracturing, this solution significantly improves drilling efficiency. The continuous impact of the percussion drill bit on the coal mass creates numerous secondary fractures, fragmenting the coal and facilitating drilling. This also improves the gas permeability of the coal mass surrounding the borehole. This enhanced permeability facilitates gas release, significantly improving extraction efficiency. Furthermore, this method simultaneously enhances permeability during the drilling process, reducing the need for subsequent processing, shortening operation time, and lowering economic costs, providing strong support for coal mine safety and gas resource utilization.

[0036] Other advantages, objects, and features of the present invention will be described in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following description or may be learned from practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the present invention may be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an end drill rod in a drilling construction device with coordinated reciprocating impact according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a universal coupling and a tail joint in a drilling construction device with coordinated reciprocating impact of drilling according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of an auger rod and a water braid in a drilling construction device with coordinated reciprocating impact drilling according to the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a drilling rig in a drilling construction equipment with coordinated reciprocating impact of drilling according to the present invention.

[0042] Figure markings: end drill rod 1, cutting drill bit 101, spiral blade 102, reciprocating impact drill rod 2, impact drill bit 201, groove 3, rotation transmission rod 4, annular double-arrow-shaped groove 401, first positioning block 5, first pin hole 501, radial protrusion 502, movable block 6, second positioning block 7, second pin hole 701, spiral drill rod 8, universal coupling 9, tail joint 10, water braid 11, drilling rig 12, clamping device 1201. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention by means of specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0044] Among them, the accompanying drawings are only for illustrative purposes and represent only schematic diagrams rather than actual pictures, and should not be understood as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the accompanying drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the dimensions of actual products. For those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the accompanying drawings.

[0045] The same or similar numbers in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. indicating directions or positional relationships, they are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] See also Figures 1 to 4 This is a drilling construction device that uses a drilling and reciprocating impact method, used for drilling and gas extraction in gassy coal seams. The device primarily includes an end drill rod 1, an impact fracture assembly (including an impact drill bit 201, a reciprocating impact rod 2, and a rotary transmission rod 4), an auger rod 8, a universal coupling 9, a tail joint 10, a water braid 11, and a drilling rig 12. The specific configuration is as follows:

[0048] End drill rod 1: Made of high-strength alloy steel. A groove 3 is machined inside the end drill rod 1 for mounting the impact fracturing assembly. A cutting drill bit 101 is welded to the front end of the end drill rod 1. Cutting drill bit 101 is made of cemented carbide and has a conical or spherical structure to enhance the impact on the coal. A spiral blade 102 is installed on the outside of the end drill rod 1 to remove coal dust.

[0049] Impact fracture assembly: The impact drill bit 201 and the reciprocating impact rod 2 adopt an integrated welded structure. A first positioning block 5 is fixed in the middle of the reciprocating impact rod 2. The first positioning block 5 is cylindrical, with an outer diameter matching the inner diameter of the end drill rod 1. It is provided with radial protrusions 502 on both sides, which are adapted to the inner groove 3 of the end drill rod 1. A first latch hole 501 is provided on the first positioning block 5, which is fixed to the inside of the end drill rod 1 by a first latch. The latch is inserted from the reserved hole on the outside of the end drill rod 1, and the insertion depth is controlled at about 20 mm to ensure that it does not interfere with the axial movement of the reciprocating impact rod 2. An axial straight groove is machined on the reciprocating impact rod 2, which cooperates with the linear protrusion inside the first positioning block 5 to limit the radial rotation of the reciprocating impact rod 2 and ensure its axial movement. A movable block 6 is fixed to the tail end of the reciprocating impact rod 2. The movable block 6 is a rectangular block, one side of which is flat and fits into the inner groove 3 of the end drill rod 1, and the other side is a protruding hemispherical shape to embed into the annular double-arrow-shaped groove 401 on the rotation transmission rod 4. The annular double-arrow-shaped groove 401 is specifically in a continuous wave shape.

[0050] The rotation transmission rod 4 is limited in position by a second positioning block 7. An annular protrusion is located within the second positioning block 7, which engages with an annular groove on the rotation transmission rod 4 to provide axial positioning. A second latch hole 701 is defined in the second positioning block 7, which is secured to the end of the drill rod 1 via a second latch. The rear end of the rotation transmission rod 4 is threadedly connected to one end of a universal coupling 9.

[0051] Spiral drill rod 8: The outer side is provided with a spiral blade 102. One end of the spiral drill rod 8 is connected to the end drill rod 1 through a thread, and a universal coupling 9 is movably arranged inside.

[0052] Tail joint 10 : movably arranged at the tail end of the auger rod 8 , connected to the universal coupling 9 via threads, and adapted to the clamping device 1201 of the drilling rig 12 .

[0053] Water braid 11 and high-pressure hose: The water braid 11 is detachably connected to the tail end of the spiral drill rod 8 through a flange or thread. The high-pressure hose is connected to the underground high-pressure air source or water source with a pressure of 0.8MPa for slag discharge.

[0054] Drilling rig 12: A crawler-type fully hydraulic drilling rig for coal mines is used, and the clamping device 1201 can alternately clamp the spiral drill rod 8 and the tail joint 10.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] This embodiment provides a method for drilling and coal seam gas extraction using the drilling equipment. The specific construction steps are as follows:

[0057] Install the impact fracturing assembly: Install the impact fracturing assembly (impact drill bit 201, reciprocating impact rod 2, rotation transmission rod 4) in the groove 3 of the end drill rod 1. Place the first positioning block 5 inside the end drill rod 1 so that the radial protrusion 502 is embedded in the groove 3, and fix the first positioning block 5 by inserting the first pin into the first pin hole 501. Similarly, sleeve the second positioning block 7 on the rotation transmission rod 4 and fix the second positioning block 7 by inserting the second pin into the second pin hole 701. Ensure that the straight groove of the reciprocating impact rod 2 is matched with the linear protrusion of the first positioning block 5, and the movable block 6 is embedded in the annular double-arrow-shaped groove 401 of the rotation transmission rod 4.

[0058] Connecting the drill pipe and auxiliary components (S2): Thread the universal coupling 9 to the rotation transmission rod 4. Then, thread the auger rod 8 to the end drill pipe 1, using the last auger rod 8 as the tail drill pipe. The tail end of the auger rod 8 (tail drill pipe) is connected to the water braid 11 via a flange or threads. The water braid 11 is connected to a high-pressure hose, which is connected to the high-pressure air or water source underground.

[0059] Rotary Cutting (S3): Connect the clamping device 1201 of the drill rig 12 to the end of the auger rod 8, start the drill rig 12, and set the specified rotational speed. The auger rod 8 rotates the end drill rod 1, and the cutting bit 101 performs rotary cutting of the coal. The spiral blades 102 expel coal dust along the drill hole, while high-pressure air or water flows through the interior of the drill rod to assist in removing debris. After drilling the length of one auger rod, shut down the drill rig 12.

[0060] Impact Fracturing (S4): Remove the connection between the water braid 11 and the auger rod 8. Connect the tail joint 10 to the universal coupling 9 via threads. Clamp the tail joint 10 with the clamping device 1201. Start the drilling rig 12 and set the specified speed. The tail joint 10 drives the rotation transmission rod 4 through the universal coupling 9. The annular double-arrow-shaped groove 401 drives the movable block 6 to reciprocate axially, thereby driving the reciprocating impact rod 2 and the impact drill bit 201 to impact fracture the coal. After 5 minutes of impact fracturing or when the desired degree of fracture is achieved, shut down the drilling rig 12.

[0061] Add drill rods and repeat the construction (S5): remove the connection between the tail joint 10 and the universal coupling 9, add a new spiral drill rod 8 as a new tail drill rod, repeat steps S3-S4, and perform rotary cutting and impact fracturing in sequence until the drilling depth reaches the designed depth (such as 50 meters or 100 meters).

[0062] Sealing and gas extraction (S6): After the drilling is completed, cement slurry is used to seal the borehole to ensure tightness. The borehole is connected to the underground gas extraction pipeline for enhanced gas extraction.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling construction equipment with drilling and reciprocating impact, characterized in that: include: The end drill rod has a groove inside; An impact fracturing assembly is installed in the groove of the end drill rod, comprising an impact drill bit, a reciprocating impact rod and a rotary transmission rod; The impact drill bit and the reciprocating impact rod are an integrated structure. A first positioning block is provided on a sliding sleeve in the middle of the reciprocating impact rod. A first latch hole is provided on the first positioning block. The first positioning block is fixed inside the end drill rod by a first latch that radially penetrates the side wall of the end drill rod and cooperates with the first latch hole. The reciprocating impact rod is provided with an axially arranged straight groove, which cooperates with the linear protrusion inside the first positioning block, so that the reciprocating impact rod moves along the axial direction of the end drill rod under the constraint of the first positioning block; A movable block is fixedly provided at the other end of the reciprocating impact rod, one side of the movable block is in contact with the inner wall of the groove in the end drill rod, and the other side is in contact with the annular double-arrow-shaped groove provided on the rotation transmission rod; The rotation transmission rod is axially limited by a second positioning block sleeved thereon, and a second latch hole is formed on the second positioning block. The second positioning block is fixed inside the end drill rod by a second latch hole engaged with a second latch radially penetrating the side wall of the end drill rod; A spiral drill rod, one end of which is connected to the end drill rod and a universal coupling is provided inside the spiral drill rod; Wherein, the other end of the rotation transmission rod is connected to one end of the universal coupling, and one end of the universal coupling is detachably connected to a tail joint through the tail end of the auger rod; The tail end and the tail joint of the auger rod are both detachably connected to the clamping device of the drilling rig to respectively drive the auger rod and the tail joint to rotate.

2. The drilling construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact drill bit is in a conical or spherical shape to enhance the impact effect on the coal body.

3. The drilling construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: An annular protrusion is provided inside the second positioning block, and an annular groove cooperating with the annular protrusion is provided on the rotation transmission rod to axially limit the rotation transmission rod.

4. The drilling construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular double-arrow-shaped groove on the rotation transmission rod is a continuous wave-shaped groove, so that the movable block reciprocates along the axial direction when the rotation transmission rod rotates.

5. The drilling construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the end drill rod is provided with a cutting drill bit for cutting the coal body during rotation.

6. The drilling construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer sides of the end drill rod and the spiral drill rod are both provided with spiral blades for discharging coal dust in the drill hole.

7. The drilling construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a water braid and a high-pressure hose connected to the water braid. The water braid is detachably connected to the tail end of the spiral drill rod. The high-pressure hose is connected to the high-pressure air or high-pressure water underground and is used to discharge coal dust cut or impacted in front of the end drill rod through the space inside the drill rod.

8. The drilling construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A radial protrusion is further provided on the outer side of the first positioning block, and the radial protrusion is adapted to the inner groove of the end drill rod to improve the stability of the impact fracturing assembly during reciprocating impact.

9. The drilling construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail joint is threadedly connected to the universal coupling.

10. A method for drilling construction and coal seam gas extraction using the drilling construction equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Installing the impact fracturing assembly into the groove of the end drill rod, and fixing the first positioning block and the second positioning block by a first latch and a second latch; S2: Connecting the universal coupling to the rotation transmission rod, then connecting the auger rod to the end drill rod, and connecting a water braid to the tail end of the auger rod; S3: Clamping the tail end of the auger rod with a clamping device of the drilling rig, turning on the drilling rig, and rotating the auger rod to drive the end drill rod to perform a rotary cutting and advancing motion; S4: After drilling to the depth of one auger rod, the drilling rig is shut down, the connection between the water braid and the auger rod is removed, the tail joint is connected to the universal coupling, the tail joint of the auger rod is clamped by the clamping device of the drilling rig, and the drilling rig is turned on. The tail joint is rotated to drive the universal coupling and the rotation transmission rod to rotate, and the rotation of the annular double-arrow-shaped groove drives the movable block and the reciprocating impact rod to perform axial reciprocating motion, thereby driving the impact drill bit to continuously impact and fracture the coal body; S5: After the impact fracturing is completed, the drilling rig is shut down, and the connection between the tail joint and the universal coupling is removed. Then, a new auger rod is added, and steps S3-S4 are repeated until the predetermined drilling depth is reached. S5: After the drilling construction is completed, the borehole is sealed and the gas extraction borehole is connected to the underground gas extraction pipeline to carry out gas extraction.

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