High-energy-density liquid cooling energy storage system based on thermal management optimization

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage management, in particular to a high-energy-density liquid cooling energy storage system based on thermal management optimization, which comprises a thermal response calculation module, a thermal risk area identification module, a cooling resource allocation module, a thermal decoupling state judgment module and a charging and discharging power limiting module. According to the method, the inlet temperature, the outlet temperature and the cooling liquid flow speed of the high-energy-density energy storage equipment are obtained, the unit thermal load conversion rate is calculated, the unit thermal response deviation degree is determined, the thermal risk area higher than the standard limit is clearly recognized in the energy storage equipment, the corresponding liquid cooling channel is accurately selected, and the cooling liquid pulse flow frequency is optimized; the pertinence and timeliness of the cooling liquid in actual use are effectively improved, the local overheating hidden danger is avoided, the lag response is marked in time by monitoring the cooling liquid pressure difference and the temperature rise change in real time, the decoupling state between the cooling liquid and the thermal load is judged, the charge and discharge power dynamic reduction measure is implemented, and the trend of abnormal and continuous accumulation of the local thermal load is restrained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy storage management technology, and in particular to a high-energy dense liquid-cooled energy storage system based on thermal management optimization. Background Art

[0002] The field of energy storage management technology focuses on the efficient storage, allocation, and release of energy. Its core goal is to improve the energy density, power density, response speed, and life cycle management capabilities of energy storage systems through systematic management methods. Key technologies covered in this field include energy storage medium status monitoring and control, accurate estimation of state of charge and health status, multi-source energy collaborative scheduling strategies, electric and thermal safety protection mechanisms, and life cycle modeling and optimization. Typical application scenarios include grid-side peak and frequency regulation, new energy output smoothing, distributed energy storage coordination, and microgrid energy autonomy. Energy storage management systems must combine hardware configuration and software algorithms to achieve real-time identification, intelligent judgment, and efficient regulation of the operating status of energy storage equipment, thereby ensuring system stability, economy, and safety.

[0003] Among them, the high-energy-density liquid-cooled energy storage system is an energy storage device system that integrates a high-energy-density battery cell combination with liquid cooling heat dissipation. Its main purpose is to provide a high-power, long-cycle, low-temperature energy storage and release solution. The system typically includes a high-rate charge and discharge unit, an integrated liquid cooling channel structure, temperature control management components, and safety protection circuits. It can be widely used in heavy-load operating scenarios such as industrial peak-shaving, data center backup power, high-speed charging stations, and rail transit auxiliary power supply. Liquid cooling enhances thermal management capabilities, ensuring that the battery cells are in the optimal operating temperature range, thereby extending the system life and improving operational reliability and energy efficiency.

[0004] Traditional energy storage systems use a uniform flow rate and fixed cooling mode to manage liquid cooling channels. They lack the means to accurately identify and flexibly adjust the temperature rise differences at various locations within the energy storage unit, making it difficult to quickly locate and differentially cool local hot spots. This can easily cause continuous heat accumulation in local locations of the energy storage unit, leading to local overheating and even thermal runaway, affecting the life and safety performance of the energy storage system. Traditional systems usually judge the thermal response status based on the overall equipment temperature index, without conducting in-depth analysis of the temperature rise changes and liquid cooling pressure difference response differences at specific locations. As a result, the problem of lagging response between the coolant and the heat load cannot be effectively identified and promptly addressed, causing a thermal management lag effect during long-term operation, accelerating the aging of energy storage equipment, and reducing the stability of system operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and propose a high-energy dense liquid-cooled energy storage system based on thermal management optimization.

[0006] To achieve the purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a high-energy dense liquid-cooled energy storage system based on thermal management optimization, the system comprising:

[0007] The thermal response calculation module obtains the operating data of the high-energy-density energy storage device, uses the inlet and outlet temperature difference and flow rate to calculate the heat flux value, compares the difference between the unit heat load conversion rate sequence and the rated thermal conductivity coefficient, and establishes the unit thermal response deviation information for each energy storage unit in the current cycle;

[0008] The thermal risk area identification module calls the unit thermal response deviation information, screens the units that deviate from the reference heat exchange benchmark value and are higher than the set thermal risk limit value, obtains the coordinate index of the cell layout area corresponding to the unit, marks it as a thermal response abnormal area, and generates high thermal risk area location information;

[0009] Based on the high-heat risk area location information, the cooling resource allocation module extracts the liquid cooling channel number and flow rate upper limit corresponding to the marked area, increases the pulse flow frequency setting value of the liquid cooling system, sets the intermittent cooling frequency for the boundary area, and generates cooling allocation priority information;

[0010] The thermal decoupling state determination module calls the cooling allocation priority information, collects the pressure difference change rate and the temperature rise change rate of the cooling target unit before and after cooling, selects the channels with pressure difference hysteresis and continuous temperature rise, sets them as cooling liquid pressure difference hysteresis state marks, and obtains the liquid cooling channel thermal decoupling mark set.

[0011] The present invention has improvements in that the unit thermal response deviation information includes the heat flux conduction efficiency difference, the cell volume heat absorption response and the flow cooling contrast influence coefficient; the high thermal risk area positioning information is specifically the regional coordinate index set, the thermal response risk level identifier and the thermal stress concentration indicator mark; the cooling allocation priority information includes the priority cooling channel number sequence, the corresponding flow rate adjustment gradient value and the pulse frequency control gear group; the liquid cooling channel thermal decoupling mark set specifically refers to the cooling lag channel index, the pressure difference response delay judgment status and the temperature rise continuous abnormality mark status.

[0012] The present invention is improved in that the thermal response calculation module includes:

[0013] The thermal data extraction submodule obtains the operating data of the high-energy-density energy storage device, including the inlet temperature, outlet temperature, coolant flow rate, actual volume of the energy storage unit, and temperature rise value within the corresponding time interval of each liquid cooling channel. It constructs the measurement parameter set of the liquid cooling channel and the energy storage unit, and generates the combined value of the liquid cooling input parameter.

[0014] The heat flux calculation submodule calculates the heat flux value of the coolant and the heat absorption capacity per unit volume of the battery cell based on the combined value of the liquid cooling input parameters, performs a ratio operation on the heat flux value and the volume temperature rise value, obtains a unit heat load response difference, and constructs a unit heat load response difference sequence;

[0015] The thermal response comparison submodule calls the unit thermal load response difference sequence, extracts the dynamic difference value item of each energy storage unit, determines the difference range with the set standard heat exchange tolerance bandwidth, marks the unit index and corresponding difference value whose deviation amplitude exceeds the bandwidth, and establishes the unit thermal response deviation information.

[0016] The present invention is improved in that the thermal risk area identification module includes:

[0017] The offset screening submodule calls the unit thermal response deviation information, extracts the deviation value of the energy storage unit, performs a difference operation with the set heat exchange reference value, screens the energy storage units whose deviation is greater than the thermal risk limit value, and generates an offset excess index set;

[0018] The position extraction submodule obtains the horizontal and vertical coordinate indexes and the corresponding device number of the cell layout corresponding to the energy storage unit according to the offset overrun index set, constructs an identification set corresponding to the spatial coordinates, and obtains a cell coordinate identification comparison set;

[0019] The thermal domain calibration submodule calls the cell coordinate identification comparison set, integrates the offset values in the offset limit index set, and marks the cell areas with offsets higher than the limit value as thermal risk areas based on the spatial layout order of the energy storage units, thereby establishing high thermal risk area positioning information.

[0020] The present invention is improved in that the cooling resource allocation module includes:

[0021] The channel identification submodule extracts the liquid cooling channel number and flow rate upper limit corresponding to the marked area based on the high heat risk area positioning information, establishes a pairing list of channel number and target area index, and generates a cooling channel information mapping table;

[0022] The offset sorting submodule calls the cooling channel information mapping table, extracts the thermal response deviation information of each area unit, sorts the areas according to the deviation value, calculates the flow rate allocation level priority value of the corresponding channel, and calculates the offset flow rate adjustment level value of the channel;

[0023] The flow rate control submodule adjusts the level value of the offset flow rate of the channel, sets the pulse flow frequency setting value of the liquid cooling system according to the level, sets the corresponding intermittent cooling frequency for the boundary area, and establishes cooling distribution priority information.

[0024] The present invention is improved in that the thermal decoupling state determination module includes:

[0025] The channel extraction submodule extracts a target number of high-priority cooling channels based on the cooling allocation priority information, retrieves the differential pressure sensor data index and temperature acquisition point number of the node in the channel, establishes a channel sampling association map, and generates a high-priority channel index set;

[0026] The data comparison submodule calls the high-priority channel index set, collects the inlet and outlet pressure change values and the cooling target cell temperature change values of each channel per unit time, calculates the pressure difference change rate and the temperature rise change rate respectively, compares the time sequence difference within the cycle, and generates a cooling temperature and pressure difference value combination sequence;

[0027] The state screening submodule screens channels whose pressure difference change rate lags behind the temperature rise change rate and whose duration period exceeds a preset time threshold according to the cooling temperature-pressure difference value combination sequence, sets the channels as cooling liquid pressure difference hysteresis state marks, and obtains a liquid cooling channel thermal decoupling mark set.

[0028] The present invention is improved in that the system further comprises:

[0029] The charge and discharge power limiting module, based on the thermal decoupling tag set of the liquid cooling channel and the energy storage unit number corresponding to the tagged channel, extracts the voltage change gradient and temperature rise gradient of two consecutive charging cycles, compares the deviation of the two change gradients from the threshold to see whether they exceed the thermal adaptation limit value. If so, a power reduction instruction is issued to the unit, a dynamic reduction ratio is set for the next charge and discharge cycle, and thermal load linkage reduction information is generated;

[0030] The thermal load linkage reduction information includes a unit voltage response ratio limit, a cell thermal imbalance comparison interval, and a power regulation priority label.

[0031] The present invention is improved in that the charge and discharge power limiting module includes:

[0032] The data extraction submodule extracts the energy storage unit number corresponding to each labeled channel based on the liquid cooling channel thermal decoupling tag set, collects the voltage change and temperature change over two consecutive charging cycles, calculates the voltage change gradient and temperature rise gradient corresponding to the two cycles, and generates a thermal gradient sequence value;

[0033] The offset judgment submodule calls the thermal gradient sequence value, performs an absolute offset calculation on the difference between the voltage change gradient and the temperature rise gradient, compares the difference with the set thermal adaptation limit value, calculates the voltage thermal offset difference of each energy storage unit, marks the energy storage unit exceeding the limit value as requiring adjustment, and obtains thermal offset excess identification information;

[0034] The power reduction submodule extracts the marked energy storage unit index according to the thermal offset excess identification information, sets the dynamic reduction ratio of the power output in the next charge and discharge cycle in combination with the current cycle power output setting value, and establishes thermal load linkage reduction information.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:

[0036] In the present invention, by obtaining the inlet temperature, outlet temperature and coolant flow rate of the high-energy-density energy storage device, calculating the unit heat load conversion rate, determining the degree of deviation of the unit thermal response, clearly identifying the thermal risk area above the standard limit inside the energy storage device, and finely marking the abnormal position with the battery cell layout coordinates. According to the deviation amplitude of the thermal response of the marked area, the corresponding liquid cooling channel is accurately selected and the coolant pulse flow frequency is optimized. Intermittent cooling is performed for the boundary area, realizing the refined and differentiated configuration of cooling resources, effectively improving the pertinence and timeliness of the coolant in actual use, avoiding the hidden danger of local overheating, and determining the decoupling state between the coolant and the heat load by real-time monitoring of the cooling hydraulic pressure difference and temperature rise changes. The hysteresis response is marked in time and dynamic charging and discharging power reduction measures are implemented to curb the trend of continuous accumulation of local heat load anomalies, effectively reduce the risk of thermal runaway, extend the service life of the energy storage unit, and improve the overall operation safety, economy and reliability of the energy storage system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 is a system flow chart of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the thermal response calculation module of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the thermal risk zone identification model of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of the cooling resource allocation module of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of the thermal decoupling state determination module of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a flow chart of the charge and discharge power limiting module of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, in the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0045] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a high-energy dense liquid-cooled energy storage system based on thermal management optimization, the system includes:

[0046] The thermal response calculation module obtains the operating data of the high-energy-density energy storage device, including the inlet temperature, outlet temperature, coolant flow rate, actual volume of the energy storage unit, and temperature rise value within the corresponding time interval of each liquid cooling channel. It uses the inlet and outlet temperature difference and flow rate to calculate the heat flux value, performs a ratio operation on the heat flux value and the volume temperature rise value, constructs a unit heat load conversion rate sequence, compares the difference between the unit heat load conversion rate sequence and the rated thermal conductivity coefficient, and establishes the unit thermal response deviation information for each energy storage unit in the current cycle.

[0047] The thermal risk area identification module uses unit thermal response deviation information to screen units that deviate from the reference heat exchange benchmark value and exceed the set thermal risk limit value. It obtains the coordinate index of the cell layout area corresponding to the unit and marks it as an abnormal thermal response area. It integrates the physical location of the cell and the deviation coefficient value to generate high thermal risk area location information.

[0048] The thermal risk limit is the critical value of the maximum thermal power density per unit volume that the system can withstand, which is usually derived using the temperature rise rate as the boundary in the thermal design of the battery cell structure;

[0049] Based on the location information of high-heat-risk areas, the cooling resource allocation module extracts the liquid cooling channel numbers and flow rate upper limits corresponding to the marked areas. It then sorts the areas according to the unit thermal response deviation information. It selects the liquid cooling channels corresponding to the top-ranked areas, adjusts the flow rates, increases the pulse flow frequency setting of the liquid cooling system, and sets intermittent cooling frequency for the boundary areas to generate cooling allocation priority information.

[0050] The pulse flow frequency setting value of the liquid cooling system is the frequency of liquid injection by the liquid cooling pump in dynamic control mode per unit time. The actual control range is based on the support range of the pump control device. The flow rate is adjusted for concentrated injection of cooling in short cycles to improve cooling efficiency.

[0051] The thermal decoupling state determination module uses cooling allocation priority information to extract a target number of high-priority cooling channels. It then collects the pressure differential change rate before and after cooling and the temperature rise change rate of the target cooling unit. It then compares the time series difference between the two types of change rates. It then selects channels with lagging pressure differentials and continuously increasing temperature rises, setting these as cooling fluid pressure differential hysteresis state markers, thereby obtaining a set of thermal decoupling markers for the liquid cooling channels.

[0052] The cooling fluid pressure difference change rate is defined as the rate of change of the difference between the coolant inlet pressure and the outlet pressure per unit time. Combined with the temperature rise change rate of the cooling object, a linkage comparison relationship is formed to judge the timeliness of the channel thermal response.

[0053] The charge and discharge power limit module is based on the liquid cooling channel thermal decoupling tag set. Based on the energy storage unit number corresponding to the tagged channel, it extracts the voltage change gradient and temperature rise gradient of two consecutive charging cycles. It compares the deviation threshold between the two change gradients to see if they exceed the thermal adaptation limit. If so, it issues a power reduction instruction to the unit, sets a dynamic reduction ratio for the next charge and discharge cycle, and generates thermal load linkage reduction information.

[0054] The thermal adaptation limit value is the maximum voltage change rate deviation limit that the energy storage unit can tolerate within the unit temperature rise range;

[0055] The unit thermal response deviation information includes the difference in heat flux conduction efficiency, the volume heat absorption response of the battery cell and the flow cooling comparison influence coefficient. The high thermal risk area positioning information specifically includes the regional coordinate index set, the thermal response risk level identification and the thermal stress concentration indication mark. The cooling allocation priority information includes the priority cooling channel number sequence, the corresponding flow rate adjustment gradient value and the pulse frequency control gear group. The liquid cooling channel thermal decoupling mark set specifically refers to the cooling lag channel index, the pressure difference response delay judgment status and the temperature rise continuous abnormality mark status. The thermal load linkage reduction information includes the unit voltage response ratio limit, the battery cell thermal imbalance comparison interval and the power adjustment priority label.

[0056] See also Figure 2 , the thermal response calculation module includes:

[0057] The thermal data extraction submodule obtains the operating data of the high-energy-density energy storage device, including the inlet temperature, outlet temperature, coolant flow rate, actual volume of the energy storage unit, and temperature rise value within the corresponding time interval of each liquid cooling channel. It constructs the measurement parameter set of the liquid cooling channel and the energy storage unit, and generates the combined value of the liquid cooling input parameter.

[0058] The thermal data extraction submodule obtains the operating data of the energy storage device. First, it performs a sensor data call operation for the inlet temperature of each liquid cooling channel, and indexes and binds the channel number with the sensor identifier. For example, the temperature data at the inlet of the 5th channel measured by temperature sensor T1 is 26.4°C. Then, the call action of temperature sensor T2 under the same numbered channel is executed for the corresponding outlet temperature, and the outlet temperature of the 5th channel is recorded as 30.2°C. The reading record of the liquid cooling pump flow meter of the channel within the time period is matched according to the measurement timestamp, and the flow rate value is set to 1.5L / min. Then, the energy storage unit geometric information interface is called to read the actual structural volume of the area filled by the energy storage unit with the matching number, which is 1200cm in the measurement example. 3 , associate the volume value with the timestamp and locate it in the corresponding temperature rise data sequence. Then, based on the heat acquisition module record of the channel in the period, it is concluded that the temperature rise of the energy storage unit in the same period is 4.8K. Then, the above five data are used to establish a parameter set combination with matching numbers. The structure is: channel number, inlet temperature at time t, outlet temperature at time t, liquid cooling flow rate at time t, unit volume, unit temperature rise. The initial liquid cooling input parameter combination value is generated by combining in array form. For example, the input parameter combination corresponding to channel number 5 is [26.4, 30.2, 1.5, 1200, 4.8], and the parameter combination value structure is classified into the liquid cooling channel. In the parameter index table, if there are multiple liquid cooling channels working in parallel in the system, all cooling paths are traversed in sequence according to the channel number, and the temperature, flow rate, volume and temperature rise values of multiple measurement points are synchronously called and constructed through the acquisition module to form a multi-dimensional combined input data set. Taking three channels as an example, if the parameters are [25.1, 28.7, 1.2, 1150, 4.1], [27.0, 30.5, 1.6, 1180, 5.0] and [26.4, 30.2, 1.5, 1200, 4.8], three groups of liquid cooling input parameter combination values are generated for subsequent heat flux and thermal response difference calculations.

[0059] The heat flux calculation submodule calculates the heat flux value of the coolant and the heat absorption capacity per unit volume of the battery cell based on the combined value of the liquid cooling input parameters, and performs a ratio operation on the heat flux value and the volume temperature rise value using the formula:

[0060]

[0061] Calculate and obtain the unit heat load response difference, and construct the unit heat load response difference sequence;

[0062] Among them, ρ l represents the normalized value of coolant density, c p Represents the normalized value of the coolant specific heat capacity, v l Represents the normalized value of coolant flow rate, T erepresents the normalized value of the outlet temperature, T z represents the normalized value of the inlet temperature, V s represents the normalized value of the energy storage unit volume, ΔT s Indicates the temperature rise of the energy storage unit, λ s Indicates the rated thermal conductivity of the energy storage system, ΔR t Indicates the unit heat load response difference;

[0063] The heat flux calculation submodule operates on the constructed liquid cooling input parameter combination value. Taking channel number 5 as an example, the inlet temperature T z =26.4℃, outlet temperature T e =30.2℃, flow rate v l =1.5L / min (converted to 2.5×10 -5 m 3 / s), energy storage unit volume V s =1200cm 3 (1.2×10 -3 m 3 ), temperature rise ΔT s =4.8K, the coolant density ρ l Normalization is set to 1.0 (reference density of water at 25°C is 1000 kg / m 3 Normalized), specific heat capacity c p Normalized to 1.0 (referring to the specific heat capacity of water, 4.2 kJ / kg·K), substitute into the formula:

[0064]

[0065] The heat flux is calculated as:

[0066] ρ l c p ·v l ·(T e -T z )=1.0·1.0·2.5×10 -5 (30.2-26.4)=9.5×10 -5 kW

[0067] V s ΔT s =1.2×10 -3 4.8 = 5.76 × 10 -3 ;

[0068]

[0069] The rated thermal conductivity λ sSet to 0.010, which is derived from the thermal conductivity data of the energy storage cell design provided by the manufacturer. Within the working range (temperature rise does not exceed 10K, volume does not exceed 1500cm 3 ) The empirical thermal conductivity coefficient is stably distributed in the range of 0.008, 0.012, and the mean value of 0.010 is selected as the rated benchmark. The final unit heat load response difference is:

[0070] ΔR t =0.0165-0.010=0.0065;

[0071] The same calculation process is performed on all channels to form a difference sequence, for example: [0.0045, 0.0072, 0.0065]. This sequence constitutes the unit heat load response difference sequence.

[0072] The thermal response comparison submodule calls the unit thermal load response difference sequence, extracts the dynamic difference value item of each energy storage unit, compares the difference range with the set standard heat exchange tolerance bandwidth, marks the unit index and corresponding difference value whose deviation exceeds the bandwidth, and establishes the unit thermal response deviation information;

[0073] The thermal response comparison submodule calls the difference sequence and sets the standard heat transfer tolerance bandwidth threshold interval to [-0.002, +0.005]. The value of this interval refers to the heat transfer balance index required by the system design goal of "the temperature rise per unit volume does not exceed 5K, and the heat flux difference is not greater than 15%". According to the response standard of the cooling channel under the rated flow rate and balanced heat transfer conditions, combined with ΔR t The confidence limits of the normal distribution deviation are set to 0.005 and -0.002, which are used to calibrate the normal thermal response range. Then, each value in the difference sequence is judged according to the following criteria: when a certain difference is less than -0.002, it is marked as a heat exchange overcooling state; when it is greater than +0.005, it is marked as an abnormal heat exchange heating state; if it is within the interval, it is considered a normal heat exchange state. Based on the threshold setting, the difference values 0.0045, 0.0072, and 0.0065 are judged respectively, of which 0.0045 falls into the positive range. In the normal range, 0.0072 and 0.0065 are higher than the upper limit, corresponding to abnormal heat exchange temperature rise states, so the corresponding energy storage unit index is marked as an abnormal unit, and the corresponding channel number, difference, and state are combined to form a response deviation information set. The number, parameter value, difference result and other information are added to the output for number mapping, and finally the unit thermal response deviation information structure is formed, for example: [channel 2, difference 0.0072, abnormal state], [channel 5, difference 0.0065, abnormal state], etc., as shown in Table 1.

[0074] Table 1 Thermal response difference and response determination table

[0075]

[0076] As shown in Table 1, in actual measurements, the unit heat load response differences between channels 2 and 5 were both higher than the upper limit of the standard heat exchange tolerance bandwidth by +0.005. This determination was based on the fact that the positive value of the difference sequence term's deviation from the upper limit exceeded the maximum allowable threshold, indicating a "unit volume heat flux overload" condition. This indicates an abnormal thermal response within the unit volume energy storage environment and requires inclusion in the next stage of the thermal risk assessment path. However, the channel 1 difference fell within the bandwidth range and required no action. The entire process relied on clear threshold boundary comparisons and was based on direct comparisons and logical judgments between individual parameters, making the execution path repeatable and verifiable.

[0077] See also Figure 3 , the thermal risk zone identification module includes:

[0078] The offset screening submodule calls the unit thermal response deviation information, extracts the deviation value of the energy storage unit, performs a difference operation with the set heat exchange reference value, screens the energy storage units whose deviation is greater than the thermal risk limit value, and generates an offset limit index set;

[0079] The offset screening submodule calls the unit thermal response deviation information, first extracts the number index of each energy storage unit, and matches its response value item ΔR in the difference sequence. t , construct a mapping set between the energy storage unit and its deviation value, for example, channel numbers 2 and 5 correspond to deviation values ΔR t2 =0.0072, ΔR t5 =0.0065, the system sets the heat exchange reference value to ΔR b =0.005. This value is the average of the ratio of heat flux per unit volume to temperature rise of each channel in the cooling system under rated working conditions. The selection method is based on the average calculation of the response differences of all energy storage units in the first 50 operating cycles. The calculation method is as follows: Set the difference sequence of the 50 channels participating in the statistics to [0.0041, 0.0053, 0.0047, 0.0062, ...], sum all the values and divide by 50 to obtain the heat exchange benchmark value. The extracted response values are then subjected to a difference operation, i.e., the ΔR t -ΔR b Process each item one by one. For example, channel 2 is 0.0072-0.005=0.0022, channel 5 is 0.0065-0.005=0.0015, and the difference is greater than the set thermal risk limit value Θ r , where the thermal risk limit value Θ r =0.0012, which is derived from the maximum allowable difference corresponding to the temperature rise rate of 0.08K / s when the energy storage module is running. Its setting is based on the maximum allowable thermal response hysteresis of the system without triggering overheating protection. Therefore, the difference between channel 2 and channel 5 is greater than Θ r, add its energy storage unit number to the offset overlimit index set, the set structure is: {channel 2, channel 5}.

[0080] The position extraction submodule obtains the horizontal and vertical coordinate indexes and corresponding device numbers of the cell layout of the corresponding energy storage unit based on the offset overrun index set, constructs an identification set corresponding to the spatial coordinates, and obtains a cell coordinate identification comparison set;

[0081] The position extraction submodule performs coordinate extraction based on the offset overrun index set. First, it traverses each energy storage unit number and retrieves its coordinate location information in the cell structure map. The horizontal index x and vertical index y in the structure layout matrix M represent the physical layout position of the unit. The channel number 2 is mapped to the horizontal coordinate x=3 and the vertical coordinate y=4, and the corresponding device number is D 024 , the corresponding position of channel 5 is x=5, y=2, and the device number is D 052 , the number, coordinates and device information are combined into an identification tuple, namely (D 024 ,3,4),(D 052 ,5,2), a spatial index table is established for all identification tuples as the data basis for subsequent thermal domain calibration. The comparison set uses the energy storage unit number as the primary key and contains fields such as horizontal and vertical coordinates, equipment number, etc.

[0082] The thermal domain calibration submodule calls the cell coordinate identification comparison set, integrates the offset values in the offset limit index set, and marks the cell areas where the offset exceeds the limit value as thermal risk areas based on the spatial layout order of the energy storage units, thereby establishing the location information of the high thermal risk areas.

[0083] The thermal domain calibration submodule calls the cell coordinate identification comparison set, combines the corresponding difference items in the offset overrun index set, and performs spatial thermal risk mapping on it. First, the difference at each position is reweighted, and the thermal diffusion coefficient α is set according to the adjacency relationship of each point in the overall layout matrix. The value is taken as follows: if there is more than one overrun unit in the four neighborhoods of a unit, α = 1.5, otherwise it is 1.0. Taking channel 2 as an example, its right and lower adjacent units are set to channel 3 and channel 7, where channel 3 is also in the offset overrun set. Then, the corresponding offset value of channel 2, 0.0022, is multiplied by α = 1.5 to obtain a weighted offset value of 0.0033. There are no abnormal units in the four neighborhoods of channel 5, and its weighted offset value remains at 0.0015. Then, the threshold Θ is used. r = 0.0012 as the boundary, the weighted offset values are screened again, and channels 2 and 5 are still retained. Finally, their spatial positions are marked as high thermal risk areas in the cell layout, and they are uniformly numbered using "thermal zone ID", namely Zone_A and Zone_B. In the zone identification information, the coordinate index, device number, and weighted offset value are associated to form a spatial thermal calibration structure, such as:

[0084] (Zone_A,D_{024},(3,4),0.0033), (Zone_B,D_{052},(5,2),0.0015), forming the final high fever risk area positioning information.

[0085] See also Figure 4 , the cooling resource allocation module includes:

[0086] Based on the high-heat risk area location information, the channel identification submodule extracts the liquid cooling channel number and flow rate upper limit corresponding to the marked area, establishes a pairing list of channel numbers and target area indexes, and generates a cooling channel information mapping table;

[0087] The channel identification submodule performs extraction operations based on the high heat risk area location information. First, it obtains the set of all marked heat risk area numbers. i , traverse each area number, call its corresponding channel mapping relationship, and obtain the corresponding liquid cooling channel number C i , and extract the maximum allowable flow rate value of the channel in the system settings Zone A 、Zone B For example, the corresponding channels are numbered C2 and C5, with maximum flow rates of 2.0L / min and 1.8L / min respectively. During the execution, the system retrieves the flow rate upper limit setting value from the cooling pump scheduling module. The setting basis is the maximum flow rate of the pump element that does not exceed the load limit within 60 minutes of continuous operation. Among them, 1.5-2.5L / min is the normal working range. The upper limit value is set in combination with the path length and return resistance of different channels. For example, the upper limit of channel 2 is set to 2.0L / min because the path is shorter. The return resistance of channel 5 is set to 1.8L / min because of the branch. Then each zone is numbered Zone. i Its channel number C i and upper flow rate Form triples and build pair lists, such as (Zone A ,C2,2.0),(Zone B ,C5,1.8), generate cooling channel information mapping table.

[0088] The offset sorting submodule calls the cooling channel information mapping table, extracts the unit thermal response deviation information of each area, sorts the areas according to the deviation value, and calculates the flow rate allocation level priority value of the corresponding channel using the formula:

[0089]

[0090] Calculate and obtain the offset flow rate adjustment level value of the channel;

[0091] Among them, Pa Indicates the offset flow rate adjustment level value of the ath channel, R a Indicates the unit thermal response deviation value of the area corresponding to the ath channel, Indicates the mean value of the unit thermal response deviation value of the channel corresponding area, W a Indicates the heat load ratio weight of the ath channel, L a represents the normalized value of the cooling path length corresponding to the ath channel, and n represents the total number of regulated channels;

[0092] The offset sorting submodule calls the mapping table and extracts the unit thermal response deviation value R of the area associated with each channel item by item. a Taking channel 2 and channel 5 as examples, the deviation values are R2 = 0.0072 and R5 = 0.0065 respectively. The system is based on the deviation value sequence of all control channels {R1, R2, ..., R n}Calculate the average deviation If the current three participating channel values are 0.0045, 0.0072, and 0.0065, then:

[0093]

[0094] Then calculate the absolute value of the difference between each channel and the mean, such as:

[0095]

[0096] And the heat load ratio weight W of each channel a Substitute in the weight W a The setting basis is the normalization of the product of the total cooling time ratio of the channel in the last complete thermal cycle and the peak temperature rise ratio of its corresponding energy storage unit. For example, channel 2 accounts for 28% of the last cycle and the temperature rise is 6.3K. The normalized weight is set to W2=1.2. Channel 5 accounts for 24% and 5.8K, and is set to W5=1.0. The normalized value of path length L a The setting method is to divide the physical length of the liquid cooling flow path of each channel by the longest path of the system. The length of channel 2 is 1.4m, channel 5 is 1.8m, and the maximum channel length is 2.0m. After normalization, L2=0.70 and L5=0.90.

[0097] Substitute the above parameters into the formula:

[0098] 1.095;

[0100] The final output channel offset flow rate adjustment level values are P2 = 1.297 and P5 = 1.095, which are used for the next stage of cooling priority sorting.

[0101] The flow rate control submodule adjusts the level value of the offset flow rate of the channel, sets the pulse flow frequency setting value of the liquid cooling system according to the level, sets the corresponding intermittent cooling frequency for the boundary area, and establishes the cooling distribution priority information;

[0102] The flow rate control submodule adjusts the level value P according to the offset flow rate a Priority sorting is performed, and the maximum value is selected as the critical point of the first-class flow rate regulation level. The pulse frequency value of the liquid cooling system is set according to the level. The pulse frequency unit is Hz, which represents the number of modulations of the coolant controller per second. According to the preset control parameters, the level range is divided into [1.0, 1.2), [1.2, 1.4), and [1.4, 1.6], corresponding to the set pulse frequencies of 2 Hz, 3 Hz, and 4 Hz, respectively. Channel 2 has a level value of 1.297 and falls into the second level range, and the set pulse frequency is 3 Hz. Channel 5 has a level value of 1.095 and falls into the first level range, and is set to 2 Hz. For complex paths in boundary areas or layout endpoint areas, intermittent cooling frequency must be additionally set. For example, if channel 5 is the terminal channel, the cooling cycle is set to "activate cooling for 45 seconds every 90 seconds of operation", forming a cooling scheduling mapping instruction set {C2→3Hz,C5→2Hz,90s:45s}, and finally constructing a cooling allocation priority information list.

[0103] See also Figure 5 , the thermal decoupling state determination module includes:

[0104] The channel extraction submodule extracts the target number of high-priority cooling channels based on the cooling allocation priority information, retrieves the differential pressure sensor data index and temperature acquisition point number of the nodes in the channel, establishes a channel sampling association map, and generates a high-priority channel index set;

[0105] The channel extraction submodule performs high-priority channel screening based on the cooling allocation priority information. First, the target extraction number N is set to 3, that is, the top 3 channel numbers are extracted from the cooling priority list, and their priority values are set to P3 = 1.420, P2 = 1.297, and P5 = 1.095, respectively. The high-priority cooling channel numbers selected are channel 3, channel 2, and channel 5. Then, the cooling channel information index library is called to extract the pressure difference sensor number and temperature collection point number configured for the node in the channel, and a mapping relationship between the channel number and the corresponding sensor and collection point number is established. Taking channel 2 as an example, the inlet pressure sensor number is P in_2 =S 21 , the outlet pressure sensor number is P out_2 =S 22 , the corresponding cooling target cell temperature collection point number is T cell_2 =T 22, and so on, the following sampling control set is constructed: {Channel 3: [S31, S32, T33]; Channel 2: [S21, S22, T22]; Channel 5: [S51, S52, T55]}, which is structured and stored as a "high-priority channel index set" as the input basis for subsequent temperature and pressure change analysis.

[0106] The data comparison submodule calls the high-priority channel index set, collects the inlet and outlet pressure change values and the cooling target cell temperature change values of each channel per unit time, calculates the pressure difference change rate and temperature rise change rate respectively, compares the time sequence difference within the cycle, and generates a cooling temperature and pressure difference value combination sequence;

[0107] The data comparison submodule collects two sets of sensor values for each channel in a unit time based on the high priority channel index set. The sampling period is set to t = 10s. During the period, the measured values of the inlet pressure, outlet pressure, and temperature collection points at two consecutive moments are recorded, and the pressure difference change rate and temperature rise change rate are calculated based on them. Taking channel 2 as an example, at t1 = 0s, the inlet pressure value is P in (t1)=1.60bar, the outlet pressure is P out (t1) = 1.48 bar, the temperature is T(t1) = 34.6 ° C, at t2 = 10s, the three data are P in (t2) = 1.62 bar, P out (t2) = 1.49 bar, T(t2) = 36.4 ° C, based on which the pressure differences are ΔP(t1) = 0.12 bar, ΔP(t2) = 0.13 bar, and the pressure difference change rate is:

[0108]

[0109] The temperature rise rate is:

[0110]

[0111] The temperature and pressure change rate data collected from all channels are combined to form a "cooling temperature and pressure difference value combination sequence" with a structure such as {channel 2: [0.001, 0.18]; channel 3: […]; channel 5: […]}, where the first item is the pressure difference change rate and the second item is the temperature rise change rate, which is used in subsequent judgment logic.

[0112] The state screening submodule selects channels whose pressure difference change rate lags behind the temperature rise change rate and whose duration exceeds a preset time threshold based on the cooling temperature and pressure difference value combination sequence. The channel is set as the cooling pressure difference hysteresis state mark to obtain the liquid cooling channel thermal decoupling mark set;

[0113] The state screening submodule calls the combined sequence for judgment analysis, sets the preset time threshold to τ = 20s, and the judgment condition is: if a channel meets the hysteresis of "the pressure difference change rate is less than 5% of the temperature rise change rate" for more than two consecutive cycles, that is, (R P <0.05×R T ), then mark the channel as "cooling hydraulic pressure difference hysteresis state". Taking channel 2 as an example, in the above calculation, R P =0.001 bar / s, R T =0.18℃ / s, we can get:

[0114] 0.001<0.05×0.18=0.009;

[0115] This condition is met, and if this relationship is still satisfied in the next cycle, the duration exceeds the set τ = 20s. Therefore, channel 2 is identified as a hysteresis state channel and added to the liquid cooling channel thermal decoupling tag set. The identification content is: channel number, hysteresis duration, hysteresis type, among which the hysteresis type is uniformly marked as "pressure difference delay trigger". The final output format is such as {channel 2: [26,,pressure difference delay trigger]}, which is used by the system to determine the thermal response failure path and perform subsequent power control module linkage processing.

[0116] See also Figure 6 , the charge and discharge power limit module includes:

[0117] The data extraction submodule extracts the energy storage unit number corresponding to each tagged channel based on the liquid cooling channel thermal decoupling tag set, collects the voltage change and temperature change over two consecutive charging cycles, calculates the voltage change gradient and temperature rise gradient corresponding to the two cycles, and generates a thermal gradient sequence value;

[0118] The data extraction submodule extracts the channel numbers in the "pressure difference hysteresis state" item by item based on the liquid cooling channel thermal decoupling tag set, and calls the binding index between the channel and the energy storage unit to determine the corresponding energy storage unit number. Taking channel 2 as an example, its associated energy storage unit is numbered B2. The system calls the historical charging cycle database and extracts the voltage and temperature data of the unit in the last two complete charging cycles, which are the end voltage V of the previous cycle and the temperature V of the previous cycle. b1 =3.74V, the current cycle end voltage V b2 =4.00V, the end temperature of the previous cycle T b1 =36.1℃, current cycle end temperature T b2 =41.3℃, according to the system normalization specification, take the voltage normalization interval as [3.0,4.2]V, the temperature normalization interval as [25.0,50.0]℃, and normalize the original data to:

[0119] Simultaneously, the system extracts the electrochemical perturbation coefficient η b The setting basis is the relative ratio of the power fluctuation amplitude of the current unit in the cycle to the mean value. The fluctuation amplitude is 0.36kW and the average value is 1.8kW. The normalization is Cooling response dissipation factor μ b The system sets μ as the function of the injection delay time of the liquid cooling fluid and the ratio of the internal resistance of the cooling channel. b =0.64, calculated based on a flow delay of 2s and a normalized value of the pipeline internal resistance of 0.32.

[0120] The offset judgment submodule calls the thermal gradient sequence value, calculates the absolute offset of the difference between the voltage change gradient and the temperature rise gradient, and compares it with the set thermal adaptation limit value using the formula:

[0121]

[0122] The voltage thermal offset difference of each energy storage unit is obtained by calculation, and the energy storage unit exceeding the limit value is marked as an object requiring adjustment, thereby obtaining thermal offset exceeding limit identification information;

[0123] Among them, S b Represents the voltage thermal offset difference of the bth energy storage unit, V b1 Represents the normalized voltage value of the bth energy storage unit in the previous cycle, V b2 represents the normalized voltage value of the b-th energy storage unit in the current cycle, η b represents the electrochemical perturbation coefficient of the b-th energy storage unit, T b1 represents the normalized temperature value of the bth energy storage unit in the previous cycle, T b2 represents the normalized temperature value of the bth energy storage unit in the current cycle, μ b represents the cooling response dissipation factor corresponding to the b-th energy storage unit in the liquid cooling system, θ b represents the thermal adaptation limit value of the b-th energy storage unit;

[0124] The offset judgment submodule calls the normalized data and substitutes it into the voltage thermal offset difference calculation formula:

[0125]

[0126] Bring in data:

[0127] Numerator=(0.8333-0.6167)·ln(1+0.2)=0.2166·ln(1.2)=0.2166·0.182=0.03941;

[0128]

[0129]

[0130] Among them, the thermal adaptation limit value θ b The setting basis is the maximum allowable voltage response change rate under unit temperature rise conditions. Refer to the thermal load tolerance curve provided by the manufacturer. When the temperature rise is less than 7K, the maximum allowable voltage slope is 0.2. This is used as the limit value to set θ b =0.2, and finally we get:

[0131] S b =0.2369-0.2=0.0369;

[0132] Because S b >0, indicating that the voltage response of the energy storage unit has a drift trend beyond the thermal adaptation range. The system marks its number B2 as a "thermal deviation exceeding the limit object" and records the difference together with the timestamp in the thermal deviation exceeding the limit identification information table.

[0133] The power reduction submodule extracts the index of the marked energy storage unit based on the thermal excursion overlimit identification information, combines it with the current cycle power output set value, sets the dynamic reduction ratio of the power output in the next charge and discharge cycle, and establishes the thermal load linkage reduction information;

[0134] The power reduction submodule extracts the current cycle power output setting value of unit B2 as 2.4kW based on the thermal offset over-limit identification information. The system sets the dynamic reduction ratio according to the difference amplitude. The reduction rules are as follows: If 0 b ≤0.05, set the reduction ratio to 10%; if 0.05 b ≤0.10, set to 20%; and so on, the current S b =0.0369 falls in the first interval, so the power reduction in the next cycle is set to 0.24 kW, and the output power in the next cycle is set to 2.16 kW. The final thermal load linkage reduction information structure item is {B_2, current power: 2.4, reduction: 0.24, output in the next cycle: 2.16}, and is pushed to the scheduling system and electrochemical control module.

[0135] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention in any other form. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the disclosed technical content to change or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes and apply it to other fields. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiment made according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.​​

Claims

1. High-energy density liquid-cooled energy storage system based on thermal management optimization, characterized by: The system comprises: The thermal response calculation module obtains the operating data of the high-energy-density energy storage device, uses the inlet and outlet temperature difference and flow rate to calculate the heat flux value, compares the difference between the unit heat load conversion rate sequence and the rated thermal conductivity coefficient, and establishes the unit thermal response deviation information for each energy storage unit in the current cycle; The thermal risk area identification module calls the unit thermal response deviation information, screens the units that deviate from the reference heat exchange benchmark value and are higher than the set thermal risk limit value, obtains the coordinate index of the cell layout area corresponding to the unit, marks it as a thermal response abnormal area, and generates high thermal risk area location information; Based on the high-heat risk area location information, the cooling resource allocation module extracts the liquid cooling channel number and flow rate upper limit corresponding to the marked area, increases the pulse flow frequency setting value of the liquid cooling system, sets the intermittent cooling frequency for the boundary area, and generates cooling allocation priority information; The thermal decoupling state determination module calls the cooling allocation priority information, collects the pressure difference change rate and the temperature rise change rate of the cooling target unit before and after cooling, selects the channels with pressure difference hysteresis and continuous temperature rise, sets them as cooling liquid pressure difference hysteresis state marks, and obtains the liquid cooling channel thermal decoupling mark set.

2. The high-energy density liquid-cooled energy storage system based on thermal management optimization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The unit thermal response deviation information includes the heat flux conduction efficiency difference, the cell volume heat absorption response and the flow cooling contrast influence coefficient. The high thermal risk area positioning information specifically includes the regional coordinate index set, the thermal response risk level identifier and the thermal stress concentration indicator mark. The cooling allocation priority information includes the priority cooling channel number sequence, the corresponding flow rate adjustment gradient value and the pulse frequency control gear group. The liquid cooling channel thermal decoupling mark set specifically refers to the cooling lag channel index, the pressure difference response delay judgment status and the temperature rise continuous abnormality mark status.

3. The high-energy-density liquid-cooled energy storage system based on thermal management optimization according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The thermal response calculation module includes: The thermal data extraction submodule obtains the operating data of the high-energy-density energy storage device, including the inlet temperature, outlet temperature, coolant flow rate, actual volume of the energy storage unit, and temperature rise value within the corresponding time interval of each liquid cooling channel. It constructs the measurement parameter set of the liquid cooling channel and the energy storage unit, and generates the combined value of the liquid cooling input parameter. The heat flux calculation submodule calculates the heat flux value of the coolant and the heat absorption capacity per unit volume of the battery cell based on the combined value of the liquid cooling input parameters, performs a ratio operation on the heat flux value and the volume temperature rise value, obtains a unit heat load response difference, and constructs a unit heat load response difference sequence; The thermal response comparison submodule calls the unit thermal load response difference sequence, extracts the dynamic difference value item of each energy storage unit, determines the difference range with the set standard heat exchange tolerance bandwidth, marks the unit index and corresponding difference value whose deviation amplitude exceeds the bandwidth, and establishes the unit thermal response deviation information.

4. The high-energy density liquid-cooled energy storage system based on thermal management optimization according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The thermal risk area identification module includes: The offset screening submodule calls the unit thermal response deviation information, extracts the deviation value of the energy storage unit, performs a difference operation with the set heat exchange reference value, screens the energy storage units whose deviation is greater than the thermal risk limit value, and generates an offset excess index set; The position extraction submodule obtains the horizontal and vertical coordinate indexes and the corresponding device number of the cell layout corresponding to the energy storage unit according to the offset overrun index set, constructs an identification set corresponding to the spatial coordinates, and obtains a cell coordinate identification comparison set; The thermal domain calibration submodule calls the cell coordinate identification comparison set, integrates the offset values in the offset limit index set, and marks the cell areas with offsets higher than the limit value as thermal risk areas based on the spatial layout order of the energy storage units, thereby establishing high thermal risk area positioning information.

5. The high-energy density liquid-cooled energy storage system based on thermal management optimization according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The cooling resource allocation module includes: The channel identification submodule extracts the liquid cooling channel number and flow rate upper limit corresponding to the marked area based on the high heat risk area positioning information, establishes a pairing list of channel number and target area index, and generates a cooling channel information mapping table; The offset sorting submodule calls the cooling channel information mapping table, extracts the thermal response deviation information of each area unit, sorts the areas according to the deviation value, calculates the flow rate allocation level priority value of the corresponding channel, and calculates the offset flow rate adjustment level value of the channel; The flow rate control submodule adjusts the level value of the offset flow rate of the channel, sets the pulse flow frequency setting value of the liquid cooling system according to the level, sets the corresponding intermittent cooling frequency for the boundary area, and establishes cooling distribution priority information.

6. The high-energy density liquid-cooled energy storage system based on thermal management optimization according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The thermal decoupling state determination module includes: The channel extraction submodule extracts a target number of high-priority cooling channels based on the cooling allocation priority information, retrieves the differential pressure sensor data index and temperature acquisition point number of the node in the channel, establishes a channel sampling association map, and generates a high-priority channel index set; The data comparison submodule calls the high-priority channel index set, collects the inlet and outlet pressure change values and the cooling target cell temperature change values of each channel per unit time, calculates the pressure difference change rate and the temperature rise change rate respectively, compares the time sequence difference within the cycle, and generates a cooling temperature and pressure difference value combination sequence; The state screening submodule screens channels whose pressure difference change rate lags behind the temperature rise change rate and whose duration period exceeds a preset time threshold according to the cooling temperature-pressure difference value combination sequence, sets the channels as cooling liquid pressure difference hysteresis state marks, and obtains a liquid cooling channel thermal decoupling mark set.

7. The high-energy density liquid-cooled energy storage system based on thermal management optimization according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The system further comprises: The charge and discharge power limiting module, based on the thermal decoupling tag set of the liquid cooling channel and the energy storage unit number corresponding to the tagged channel, extracts the voltage change gradient and temperature rise gradient of two consecutive charging cycles, compares the deviation of the two change gradients from the threshold to see whether they exceed the thermal adaptation limit value. If so, a power reduction instruction is issued to the unit, a dynamic reduction ratio is set for the next charge and discharge cycle, and thermal load linkage reduction information is generated; The thermal load linkage reduction information includes a unit voltage response ratio limit, a cell thermal imbalance comparison interval, and a power regulation priority label.

8. The high-energy density liquid-cooled energy storage system based on thermal management optimization according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The charge and discharge power limiting module includes: The data extraction submodule extracts the energy storage unit number corresponding to each labeled channel based on the liquid cooling channel thermal decoupling tag set, collects the voltage change and temperature change over two consecutive charging cycles, calculates the voltage change gradient and temperature rise gradient corresponding to the two cycles, and generates a thermal gradient sequence value; The offset judgment submodule calls the thermal gradient sequence value, performs an absolute offset calculation on the difference between the voltage change gradient and the temperature rise gradient, compares the difference with the set thermal adaptation limit value, calculates the voltage thermal offset difference of each energy storage unit, marks the energy storage unit exceeding the limit value as requiring adjustment, and obtains thermal offset excess identification information; The power reduction submodule extracts the marked energy storage unit index according to the thermal offset excess identification information, sets the dynamic reduction ratio of the power output in the next charge and discharge cycle in combination with the current cycle power output setting value, and establishes thermal load linkage reduction information.

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