Photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency test system and method

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency test system and method.The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency test system comprises a photovoltaic power generation system, an electrolysis system and an energy efficiency test system.The photovoltaic power generation system is connected to the electrolysis system, converts solar energy into electric energy and provides the electric energy for the electrolysis system for use; the electrolysis system generates hydrogen at a cathode and oxygen at an anode under the action of electrolysis, the amount of the generated hydrogen and oxygen is measured, the amount of water used for electrolysis and the real-time temperature of water are measured, and the energy efficiency testing system is connected to the photovoltaic power generation system and the electrolysis system, collects information data required by energy efficiency testing, and transmits the information data to the photovoltaic power generation system. And the information data is processed to obtain a test result so as to provide real-time monitoring and equipment operation condition analysis. According to the photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency test system and method, comprehensive analysis of a hydrogen production system is facilitated, various factors influencing the equipment efficiency are found out, and a way for improving the efficiency is provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, and in particular to a photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing system and method. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy is a secondary energy source with a wide range of sources, is clean and carbon-free, flexible and efficient, and has rich application scenarios. It has the characteristic of zero carbon emissions during use. It is an ideal interconnected medium to promote the clean and efficient use of traditional fossil energy and support the large-scale development of renewable energy. It is also the best choice for achieving large-scale deep decarbonization in industries such as industry, transportation, and construction. It is especially important for the storage and consumption of new energy such as wind power and photovoltaics, and the succession of new industries.

[0003] The process of producing hydrogen through water electrolysis is essentially an energy conversion process, converting primary energy into the energy carrier hydrogen. To evaluate the system's overall performance, it's necessary to calculate the system's energy efficiency. Energy efficiency measurements for general equipment typically calculate efficiency based on the ratio of heat utilized by the equipment to the total energy input into the system. However, this calculation for hydrogen production by electrolysis only determines the efficiency of the equipment and does not account for the various energy losses. Therefore, this only provides an understanding of the equipment's efficiency, but does not identify the underlying causes or propose improvement measures.

[0004] Currently, the system energy consumption testing method for renewable energy power generation and hydrogen production projects is mainly based on the national standard GB 32311-2015 "Energy Efficiency Limits and Energy Efficiency Grades for Water Electrolysis Hydrogen Production Systems." However, the hydrogen production volume in this standard is calculated based on the current test value, without considering the voltage instability and system energy loss caused by the fluctuating characteristics of renewable energy power generation. This results in the actual voltage being far higher than the theoretical decomposition voltage, which is inconsistent with actual production conditions. Considering the widespread application of renewable energy power generation and hydrogen production projects, a fast and simple energy efficiency testing system is urgently needed to analyze the energy consumption of electrolytic hydrogen production.

[0005] In the Chinese patent application with application number: CN200910103683.2, a method and a testing platform for the performance of a wind, solar, and hydrogen integrated energy power generation system are involved. The method includes establishing mathematical models of the three major parts of a wind turbine, a photovoltaic cell, and a hydrogen fuel cell, and making them into software modules and presetting them together with various attribute parameters into an industrial computer. A controllable simulated natural environment is designed, and the theoretical performance curves of each part of the power generation system are obtained by testing and calculating. The actual performance curves of each part of the power generation system to be tested are then obtained. The two are compared to determine whether the performance of the integrated energy power generation system meets the requirements. This invention can facilitate technicians to detect, analyze, and study the working conditions of a wind, solar, and hydrogen integrated energy power generation system in order to optimize its design. The new mathematical model of the wind turbine used can make the analysis results more accurate and reliable.

[0006] In the Chinese patent application with application number: CN202111268071.6, a new photovoltaic inverter grid-related operation performance engineering test system is involved. The test process is as follows: a. Photovoltaic inverter parameter analysis; b. Installation power station site selection; c. Installation plan design; d. Safety measures; e. Safety performance test; f. Power generation efficiency test; g. Power output characteristic test; h. Power quality detection; i. Economic benefit evaluation. The advantages of the present invention are: the invention proposes a new photovoltaic inverter grid-related operation performance engineering test system, which solves the problem that photovoltaic inverter detection methods and test systems are difficult to comprehensively evaluate the inverter operation performance.

[0007] The Chinese patent application with application number CN201911354250.4 relates to a method for improving energy utilization in a multi-energy system containing a hydrogen storage device, which belongs to the field of power systems and multi-energy technologies. The method first models wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, fuel cell power generation, electricity-to-hydrogen conversion, energy storage, and heat sources in the multi-energy system. Then, an energy power balance model of the multi-energy system is established through the energy coupling relationship between the multiple energy sources. Based on the stable operation constraints of the hydrogen storage equipment, an energy utilization power optimization model of the multi-energy system is established. Finally, a multi-objective differential evolution algorithm is used to solve the multi-energy system energy utilization power optimization model. Based on the typical daily multi-energy utilization, the energy utilization of the multi-energy system for one year is obtained, and the energy utilization improvement ratio of the hydrogen storage device in the multi-energy system is obtained. This invention uses the hydrogen storage device to judge the improvement efficiency of energy utilization in the operation of the multi-energy system, highlighting the criticality of the hydrogen storage device to improving the energy utilization of the multi-energy system.

[0008] The above existing technologies are significantly different from the present invention and fail to solve the technical problem we want to solve. Therefore, we have invented a new photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing system and method. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing system and method that can quickly and easily obtain energy efficiency results in a photovoltaic power supply production scenario.

[0010] The objectives of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical measures: a photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing system, which includes a photovoltaic power generation system, an electrolysis system and an energy efficiency testing system. The photovoltaic power generation system is connected to the electrolysis system to convert solar energy into electrical energy and provide it to the electrolysis system for use. Under the action of electrolysis, the electrolysis system produces hydrogen at the cathode and oxygen at the anode, and measures the amount of hydrogen and oxygen produced, as well as the amount of water used for electrolysis and the real-time temperature of the water. The energy efficiency testing system is connected to the photovoltaic power generation system and the electrolysis system to collect information data required for energy efficiency testing, and obtain test results after processing the information data to provide real-time monitoring and equipment operation analysis.

[0011] The purpose of the present invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:

[0012] The photovoltaic power generation system includes a solar irradiator, a photovoltaic panel, a DC combiner box and a DC / DC voltage regulator module connected in sequence. The solar irradiator is placed at the same height and parallel position on one side of the photovoltaic panel to collect solar radiation intensity. The photovoltaic panel converts solar energy into electrical energy, which is collected by the DC combiner box and transmitted to the DC / DC voltage regulator module. The DC / DC voltage regulator module converts and boosts the electrical energy and transmits it to the electrolysis system.

[0013] The electrolysis system includes an electrolytic cell, a hydrogen flowmeter, an oxygen flowmeter and a water flowmeter. Under electrolysis, the cathode of the electrolytic cell produces hydrogen and the anode produces oxygen. The hydrogen flowmeter is connected to the cathode to measure the hydrogen, the oxygen flowmeter is connected to the anode to measure the oxygen, and the water flowmeter measures the water used for electrolysis and provides the real-time temperature of the water.

[0014] The energy efficiency testing system includes a data acquisition module, a local monitoring terminal, a cloud server and a data transmission network. The data acquisition module is connected to the photovoltaic power generation system and the electrolysis system to collect information data required for energy efficiency testing and transmit the information data to the local monitoring terminal. The local monitoring terminal is connected to the data acquisition module, classifies and organizes the information data, and uploads the information data to the cloud server through the data transmission network. The cloud server calculates and compares the information data and feeds back the results to the local monitoring terminal to provide real-time monitoring and equipment operation analysis.

[0015] The information data required for energy efficiency testing includes: solar radiation, photovoltaic power generation, system current and voltage, hydrogen production, oxygen production, water consumption, and water temperature.

[0016] The cloud server calculates and compares the information data to obtain the hydrogen production efficiency η of water electrolysis in a period of time. t and energy loss W.

[0017] Electrolysis hydrogen production efficiency η t The calculation formula is:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, H H W is the enthalpy value of hydrogen gas; er W is the energy enthalpy of water before it enters the electrolytic cell. The feed water enthalpy is calculated as feed water temperature (°C) × 4.18 (kJ / kg·°C); et is the electrical energy required for electrolysis, W en Heat energy consumed to generate the electricity required for electrolysis.

[0020] The energy consumed in the electrolysis process is all provided by electricity. Considering the efficiency of solar radiation and photovoltaic power generation, the total hydrogen production efficiency of the entire system is:

[0021]

[0022] Among them, η el is the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system, η el =L / (Q0Sη j ), L is the power generation of the photovoltaic panel, Q0 is the radiation of the inclined surface of the photovoltaic panel measured by the irradiator, S is the area of the photovoltaic panel, η j is the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel; η es is the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolysis system, E(T) is the theoretical decomposition voltage of water at temperature T, U op (i, T) is the actual electrolysis voltage at current i and temperature T; W o Energy required to maintain electrolysis: W o =W et +W en , where W et is the electrical energy required for electrolysis, W en Heat energy consumed to generate the electricity required for electrolysis.

[0023] The theoretical hydrogen production is: Where: I is the DC current flowing into the electrolytic cell; n is the number of cells in the electrolytic cell; η is the current efficiency, which can be set to 100%. The theoretical hydrogen enthalpy H is calculated when the average current value during the measurement period is I. H , according to the actual hydrogen production Q measured during this period h , the enthalpy value of the actual hydrogen production H h Similarly, by measuring the amount of oxygen Q in this time period o The enthalpy difference of oxygen can be obtained as △H O , energy loss W=H H -Hh +△H O , compare and analyze to determine the operating status of the equipment.

[0024] The purpose of the present invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures: a photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing method, the photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing method adopts a photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing system, comprising:

[0025] Step 1: The photovoltaic power generation system converts solar energy into electrical energy and provides it to the electrolysis system;

[0026] Step 2: The electrolysis system generates hydrogen at the cathode and oxygen at the anode under electrolysis, and the amount of hydrogen and oxygen generated is measured, as well as the amount of water used for electrolysis and the real-time temperature of the water;

[0027] Step 3: The energy efficiency test system collects the information data required for the energy efficiency test and processes the information data to obtain the test results to provide real-time monitoring and equipment operation status analysis.

[0028] The purpose of the present invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:

[0029] In step 3, the information data required for the energy efficiency test include: solar radiation, photovoltaic power generation, system current and voltage, hydrogen production, oxygen production, water consumption, and water temperature.

[0030] In step 3, the data acquisition module collects the information data required for the energy efficiency test and transmits the information data to the local monitoring terminal. After the local monitoring terminal classifies and organizes the information data, it uploads the information data to the cloud server through the data transmission network. The cloud server calculates and compares the information data and feeds back the results to the local monitoring terminal to provide real-time monitoring and equipment operation status analysis.

[0031] In step 3, the cloud server calculates and compares the information data to obtain the electrolysis water hydrogen production efficiency η for a period of time. t and energy loss W.

[0032] In step 3, the electrolytic hydrogen production efficiency η t The calculation formula is:

[0033]

[0034] Among them, H H W is the enthalpy value of hydrogen gas; er W is the energy enthalpy of water before it enters the electrolytic cell. The feed water enthalpy is calculated as feed water temperature (°C) × 4.18 (kJ / kg·°C); et is the electrical energy required for electrolysis, W en Heat energy consumed to generate the electricity required for electrolysis.

[0035] In step 3, the energy consumed in the electrolysis process is provided by electricity. Considering the efficiency of solar radiation and photovoltaic power generation, the total hydrogen production efficiency of the entire system is:

[0036]

[0037] Among them, η el is the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system, η el =L / (Q0Sη j ), L is the power generation of the photovoltaic panel, Q0 is the radiation of the inclined surface of the photovoltaic panel measured by the irradiator, S is the area of the photovoltaic panel, η j is the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel; η es is the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolysis system, E(T) is the theoretical decomposition voltage of water at temperature T, U op (i, T) is the actual electrolysis voltage at current i and temperature T; W o Energy required to maintain electrolysis: W o =W et +W en , where W et is the electrical energy required for electrolysis, W en Heat energy consumed to generate the electricity required for electrolysis.

[0038] In step 3, the theoretical hydrogen production is: Where: I is the DC current flowing into the electrolytic cell; n is the number of cells in the electrolytic cell; η is the current efficiency, which can be set to 100%. The theoretical hydrogen enthalpy H is calculated when the average current value during the measurement period is I. H , according to the actual hydrogen production Q measured during this period h , the enthalpy value of the actual hydrogen production H h Similarly, by measuring the amount of oxygen Q in this time period o The enthalpy difference of oxygen can be obtained as △H O , energy loss W=H H -H h +△H O , compare and analyze to determine the operating status of the equipment.

[0039] The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing system of the present invention includes a photovoltaic power supply system, an electrolysis system, and an energy efficiency testing system. By measuring and calculating the energy consumption of each component of the power generation system and the hydrogen production system, the energy consumption of the equipment under unstable photovoltaic power supply conditions and the corresponding system efficiency under fluctuating power supply conditions can be determined. This method facilitates a comprehensive analysis of the hydrogen production system, identifies various factors affecting equipment efficiency, and proposes ways to improve efficiency. Compared with existing technologies, the present invention also has the following advantages:

[0040] 1. The system efficiency is obtained by calculating the ratio of the energy required to generate the equipment to the total energy input into the system. The data is more real and effective, and can avoid the impact of fluctuating power supply on the equipment.

[0041] 2. The system efficiency can be calculated in real time based on the real-time data measured by the system. The data can be saved, a database can be established, historical data analysis and comparison can be performed, and the equipment operation efficiency can be analyzed to improve the equipment efficiency.

[0042] 3. The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency test system and method are not limited to the type of water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment, and can be applied to alkaline electrolyzers, proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, solid oxide electrolyzers, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 This is a system structure diagram of a specific embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production efficiency testing system of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 The flowchart of a specific embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0046] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations and / or combinations thereof.

[0047] The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production efficiency testing system of the present invention measures and calculates the energy consumption of various components of the power generation and hydrogen production systems. This system determines the energy consumption of equipment under unstable photovoltaic power supply conditions, as well as the corresponding system efficiency under fluctuating power supply conditions. This method facilitates a comprehensive analysis of hydrogen production systems, identifies various factors affecting equipment efficiency, and proposes ways to improve efficiency.

[0048] The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency test system mainly consists of a photovoltaic power generation system, an electrolysis system and an energy efficiency test system. The photovoltaic power generation system includes a solar irradiator, a photovoltaic panel, a DC combiner box and a DC / DC voltage regulator module connected in sequence. The solar irradiator is placed at the same height and parallel position on one side of the photovoltaic panel to detect the real-time irradiation intensity. The photovoltaic panel converts solar energy into electrical energy, which is collected and transmitted to the DC / DC voltage regulator module through the DC combiner box. The DC / DC voltage regulator module converts and boosts the electrical energy and transmits it to the electrolysis system. The electrolysis system includes an electrolyzer, a hydrogen flowmeter, an oxygen flowmeter and a water flowmeter. Under electrolysis, the cathode of the electrolyzer produces hydrogen and the anode produces oxygen. The hydrogen flowmeter is connected to the cathode to measure hydrogen, the oxygen flowmeter is connected to the anode to measure oxygen, and the water flowmeter measures the water used for electrolysis and provides the real-time temperature of the water. The energy efficiency test system includes a data acquisition module, a local monitoring terminal, a cloud server and a data transmission network. The data acquisition module is used to obtain the basic information required for system measurement in real time, and the basic information includes: solar radiation, photovoltaic power generation, system current and voltage, hydrogen and oxygen production, water consumption, temperature, etc.; the local monitoring terminal collects and classifies the data collected by the data acquisition module, and the local monitoring terminal uploads the information data collected by the data acquisition module to the cloud server through the data transmission network; the cloud server calculates and compares the information data, and feeds back the results to the local monitoring terminal to provide real-time monitoring and equipment operation analysis.

[0049] The following are several specific embodiments of the present invention:

[0050] Example 1

[0051] In a specific embodiment 1 of the present invention, the photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency test system is shown in the attached Figure 1:This system directly couples photovoltaic power generation with an electrolytic cell to produce hydrogen. The solar irradiator 10 collects solar radiation intensity in real time. The photovoltaic panel 1 generates fluctuating energy under solar radiation. The electric energy is collected by the DC combiner box 2, and the DC / DC voltage regulator module 3 converts and boosts the electric energy. The electric energy is transmitted to the electrolytic cell 4. Under the action of electrolysis, the cathode of the electrolytic cell 4 produces hydrogen and the anode produces oxygen. The hydrogen flowmeter 5 is connected to the cathode of the electrolytic cell 4 to measure the hydrogen, the oxygen flowmeter 6 is connected to the anode of the electrolytic cell 4 to measure the oxygen, and the water flowmeter 12 is connected to the electrolytic cell 4 to measure the water used for electrolysis and give the water temperature. Figure 2 As shown, the data acquisition module 11 collects real-time solar irradiation, photovoltaic power generation, system current and voltage, hydrogen and oxygen production, water consumption, temperature and other data information detected by the solar irradiator. The local monitoring terminal 7 collects and classifies the data collected by the data acquisition module 11, and the real-time information data of the equipment is uploaded to the cloud server 8 through the data transmission network 9. The cloud server 8 calculates the data for a certain time period based on the equipment information data to obtain the total hydrogen production efficiency η of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system for that time period. t and energy loss W, and compare with previous data, and feed back the collected data information and calculation results to the local monitoring terminal 7 to achieve real-time monitoring.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] Based on the present invention, an energy efficiency test embodiment of photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production is also provided. The total energy of the system is provided by photovoltaic power generation and converted into electrical energy and thermal energy. The system efficiency can be defined as: the ratio of the energy content of the hydrogen produced during the electrolysis hydrogen production process to the energy content of the primary energy consumed during the hydrogen production process. In the process of water electrolysis hydrogen production, W o Energy required to maintain electrolysis: W o =W et +W en Among them, W et is the electrical energy required by the electrolytic cell, W en The heat energy consumed to generate the electricity required for electrolysis. According to calculations, the efficiency of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is: Among them, H H W is the enthalpy value of hydrogen measured by the hydrogen flowmeter; er The energy enthalpy of water before entering the electrolyzer can be calculated as follows: feed water temperature (°C) × 4.18 (kJ / kg·°C). For example, if the feed water is 30°C, the enthalpy is: 30°C × 4.18 (kJ / kg·°C) ≈ 125.4 kJ / kg. The error will not exceed 2%. The energy enthalpy is obtained by multiplying the obtained enthalpy by the water consumption. The energy consumed in the electrolysis process is provided by electricity. Considering the efficiency of solar radiation and photovoltaic power generation, the total hydrogen production efficiency of the entire system is: Among them, η elis the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system, η el =L / (Q0Sη j ), L is the power generation of the photovoltaic power station, Q0 is the radiation of the inclined surface, S is the area of the photovoltaic module, η j η is the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules, ignoring the influence of factors such as loss caused by modules, line loss, efficiency loss caused by electrical equipment, and efficiency loss of the system. Generally, the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic projects is around 80-85%. es is the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolytic cell system, E(T) is the theoretical decomposition voltage of water at temperature T, U op (i, T) is the actual electrolysis voltage at current i and temperature T. According to the above formula, solar radiation directly affects photovoltaic power generation and the efficiency of the photovoltaic hydrogen production system. Real-time data collection of solar radiation, photovoltaic power generation, and system efficiency is used to further compare changes in system efficiency under unstable power sources such as fluctuating photovoltaic power supply.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] In order to further calculate the energy loss in this embodiment, according to the national standard GB 32311-2015 "Energy Efficiency Limits and Energy Efficiency Grades for Water Electrolysis Hydrogen Production Systems", the theoretical hydrogen production is: Where: I is the DC current flowing into the electrolytic cell; n is the number of electrolytic cell chambers; η is the current efficiency, which can be set to 100%. The theoretical hydrogen enthalpy H is calculated when the average current value during the measurement period is I. H , according to the actual hydrogen production Q measured during this period h , the enthalpy value of the actual hydrogen production H h Similarly, by measuring the amount of oxygen Q in this time period o The enthalpy difference of oxygen can be obtained as △H O , energy loss W=H H -H h +△H O , compare and analyze to determine the operating status of the equipment.

[0056] In order to determine the impact of photovoltaic fluctuation characteristics on energy efficiency in different periods, the photovoltaic irradiation Q0, the current value I0 and voltage value U0 at the output of the DC combiner box, and the current value I1 and voltage value U1 at the output of the DC / DC voltage regulator module are calculated. 01 , with the electrolytic cell at current I op and the actual electrolysis voltage U at temperature T op , hydrogen production Q hh and oxygen production Q ooThe parameters should be measured no fewer than six times, with 10-minute intervals between measurements, and the average value should be calculated. Cloud server 8 selects different parameters (such as solar irradiation and power generation) as influencing factors based on specific needs, and compares and analyzes these parameters with the measured energy efficiency values for photovoltaic hydrogen production to determine their impact on efficiency. Due to the speed of light and the unsuitability of this measurement method for long-distance power transmission (less than 300 km), data lag can be temporarily disregarded.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art may modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or substitute equivalents for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Except for the technical features described in the specification, all other technical features are known technologies to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. Photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency test system, characterized by: The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency test system includes a photovoltaic power generation system, an electrolysis system and an energy efficiency test system. The photovoltaic power generation system is connected to the electrolysis system, converts solar energy into electrical energy, and provides it to the electrolysis system for use. Under the action of electrolysis, the electrolysis system produces hydrogen at the cathode and oxygen at the anode, and measures the amount of hydrogen and oxygen produced, as well as the amount of water used for electrolysis and the real-time temperature of the water. The energy efficiency test system is connected to the photovoltaic power generation system and the electrolysis system, collects information data required for energy efficiency testing, and processes the information data to obtain test results, thereby providing real-time monitoring and equipment operation analysis.

2. The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic power generation system includes a solar irradiator, a photovoltaic panel, a DC combiner box and a DC / DC voltage regulator module connected in sequence. The solar irradiator is placed at the same height and parallel position on one side of the photovoltaic panel to collect solar radiation intensity. The photovoltaic panel converts solar energy into electrical energy, which is collected by the DC combiner box and transmitted to the DC / DC voltage regulator module. The DC / DC voltage regulator module converts and boosts the electrical energy and transmits it to the electrolysis system.

3. The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electrolysis system includes an electrolytic cell, a hydrogen flowmeter, an oxygen flowmeter and a water flowmeter. Under electrolysis, the cathode of the electrolytic cell produces hydrogen and the anode produces oxygen. The hydrogen flowmeter is connected to the cathode to measure the hydrogen, the oxygen flowmeter is connected to the anode to measure the oxygen, and the water flowmeter measures the water used for electrolysis and provides the real-time temperature of the water.

4. The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The energy efficiency testing system includes a data acquisition module, a local monitoring terminal, a cloud server and a data transmission network. The data acquisition module is connected to the photovoltaic power generation system and the electrolysis system to collect information data required for energy efficiency testing and transmit the information data to the local monitoring terminal. The local monitoring terminal is connected to the data acquisition module, classifies and organizes the information data, and uploads the information data to the cloud server through the data transmission network. The cloud server calculates and compares the information data and feeds back the results to the local monitoring terminal to provide real-time monitoring and equipment operation analysis.

5. The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The information data required for energy efficiency testing includes: solar radiation, photovoltaic power generation, system current and voltage, hydrogen production, oxygen production, water consumption, and water temperature.

6. The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cloud server calculates and compares the information data to obtain the total hydrogen production efficiency η of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system in a period of time. t and energy loss W.

7. The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing system according to claim 6, characterized in that: Electrolysis hydrogen production efficiency η t The calculation formula is: Among them, H H W is the enthalpy value of hydrogen gas; er W is the energy enthalpy of water before it enters the electrolytic cell. The feed water enthalpy is calculated as feed water temperature (°C) × 4.18 (kJ / kg·°C); et is the electrical energy required for electrolysis, W en Heat energy consumed to generate the electricity required for electrolysis.

8. The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The energy consumed in the electrolysis process is all provided by electricity. Considering the efficiency of solar radiation and photovoltaic power generation, the total hydrogen production efficiency of the entire system is: Among them, η el is the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system, η el =L / (Q0Sη j ), L is the power generation of the photovoltaic panel, Q0 is the radiation of the inclined surface of the photovoltaic panel measured by the irradiator, S is the area of the photovoltaic panel, η j is the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel; η es is the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolysis system, E(T) is the theoretical decomposition voltage of water at temperature T, U op (i, T) is the actual electrolysis voltage at current i and temperature T; W o Energy required to maintain electrolysis: W o =W et +W en , where W et is the electrical energy required for electrolysis, W en Heat energy consumed to generate the electricity required for electrolysis.

9. The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The theoretical hydrogen production is: Where: I is the DC current flowing into the electrolytic cell; n is the number of cells in the electrolytic cell; η is the current efficiency, which can be set to 100%. The theoretical hydrogen enthalpy H is calculated when the average current value during the measurement period is I. H , according to the actual hydrogen production Q measured during this period h , the enthalpy value of the actual hydrogen production H h Similarly, by measuring the amount of oxygen Q in this time period o The enthalpy difference of oxygen can be obtained as △H O , energy loss W=H H -H h +△H O , compare and analyze to determine the operating status of the equipment.

10. Photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency test method, characterized in that: The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing method adopts the photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing system according to claim 1, comprising: Step 1: The photovoltaic power generation system converts solar energy into electrical energy and provides it to the electrolysis system; Step 2: The electrolysis system generates hydrogen at the cathode and oxygen at the anode under electrolysis, and the amount of hydrogen and oxygen generated is measured, as well as the amount of water used for electrolysis and the real-time temperature of the water; Step 3: The energy efficiency test system collects the information data required for the energy efficiency test and processes the information data to obtain the test results to provide real-time monitoring and equipment operation status analysis.

11. The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing method according to claim 10, characterized in that: In step 3, the information data required for the energy efficiency test include: solar radiation, photovoltaic power generation, system current and voltage, hydrogen production, oxygen production, water consumption, and water temperature.

12. The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing method according to claim 11, characterized in that: In step 3, the data acquisition module collects the information data required for the energy efficiency test and transmits the information data to the local monitoring terminal. After the local monitoring terminal classifies and organizes the information data, it uploads the information data to the cloud server through the data transmission network. The cloud server calculates and compares the information data and feeds back the results to the local monitoring terminal to provide real-time monitoring and equipment operation status analysis.

13. The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing method according to claim 12, characterized in that: In step 3, the cloud server calculates and compares the information data to obtain the total hydrogen production efficiency η of the water electrolysis hydrogen production system in a period of time. t and energy loss W.

14. The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing method according to claim 13, characterized in that: In step 3, the electrolytic hydrogen production efficiency η t The calculation formula is: Among them, H H W is the enthalpy value of hydrogen gas; er W is the energy enthalpy of water before it enters the electrolytic cell. The feed water enthalpy is calculated as feed water temperature (°C) × 4.18 (kJ / kg·°C); et is the electrical energy required for electrolysis, W en Heat energy consumed to generate the electricity required for electrolysis.

15. The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing method according to claim 14, characterized in that: In step 3, the energy consumed in the electrolysis process is provided by electricity. Considering the efficiency of solar radiation and photovoltaic power generation, the total hydrogen production efficiency of the entire system is: Among them, η el is the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system, η el =L / (Q0Sη j ), L is the power generation of the photovoltaic panel, Q0 is the radiation of the inclined surface of the photovoltaic panel measured by the irradiator, S is the area of the photovoltaic panel, η j is the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel; η es is the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolysis system, E(T) is the theoretical decomposition voltage of water at temperature T, U op (i, T) is the actual electrolysis voltage at current i and temperature T; W o Energy required to maintain electrolysis: W o =W et +W en , where W et is the electrical energy required for electrolysis, W en Heat energy consumed to generate the electricity required for electrolysis.

16. The photovoltaic power generation hydrogen production energy efficiency testing method according to claim 15, characterized in that: In step 3, the theoretical hydrogen production is: Where: I is the DC current flowing into the electrolytic cell; n is the number of cells in the electrolytic cell; η is the current efficiency, which can be set to 100%. The theoretical hydrogen enthalpy H is calculated when the average current value during the measurement period is I. H , according to the actual hydrogen production Q measured during this period h , the enthalpy value of the actual hydrogen production H h Similarly, by measuring the amount of oxygen Q in this time period o The enthalpy difference of oxygen can be obtained as △H O , energy loss W=H H -H h +△H O , compare and analyze to determine the operating status of the equipment.

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