Textile multidirectional tensile strength automatic testing device and method based on constant tension

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic testing device and method for multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension, and relates to the technical field of tensile strength detection.The automatic testing device comprises a rigid rack system, and a high-elastic fabric optical response mechanism is integrated on a double-stand-column portal frame of the rigid rack system; the fiber damage process is reflected through the light transmittance of light to the fabric and the light spot change; the high-elastic fabric optical response mechanism comprises a sealing light insulation assembly, a light source assembly and an imaging assembly. The light source assembly comprises pulse LED light source arrays arranged at equal intervals in the fabric stretching direction, a lampshade and a transverse movement driving unit. The problems that in the prior art, when the tensile strength of a fabric is detected, only the limit value when a sample is completely broken can be recorded, and microcracks generated by step-by-step failure of fibers in the stretching process cannot be captured are solved. The device has the advantages that when the tensile strength of the fabric is detected, the fiber fracture process in the fabric is directly reflected through the change of light spots formed by light penetrating through the fabric, and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tensile strength detection, and in particular to a device and method for automatically testing the multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension. Background Art

[0002] The tensile strength testing of existing highly elastic and translucent fabrics (such as stockings and tights) generally uses electronic tensile testing machines. However, these testing methods can only obtain endpoint data such as breaking strength and elongation, and cannot reflect the microscopic dynamics of the gradual failure of fibers during the stretching process.

[0003] In the prior art, there is an improved electronic fabric strength tester with application number 201920695074.X, in which multiple fabric materials are passed through yarn holes and then clamped between two clamps by elastic clamps. After installation, the control cylinder drives the slider to stretch to the right along the guide rod until the sample is stretched and broken, and the tensile length and breaking strength of the fabric are recorded. However, it can only record the limit value when the sample is completely broken, and record the ultimate strength and elongation when the sample is completely broken. It cannot capture the micro cracks caused by the gradual failure of fibers during the stretching process, and has no monitoring capability for micro dynamics such as the gradual failure of fibers and the initiation of micro cracks during the stretching process.

[0004] In response to the above technical problems, the present invention discloses an automatic testing device and method for the multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension. The present invention has the advantages of directly reflecting the fiber breakage process inside the fabric by changing the light spot formed by light penetrating the fabric when testing the tensile strength of the fabric. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide an automatic testing device and method for the multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension to solve the technical problems in the existing technology that, when testing the tensile strength of the fabric, only the limit value when the sample is completely broken can be recorded, and the microcracks caused by the gradual failure of the fibers during the stretching process cannot be captured. The present invention has the advantages of directly reflecting the fiber breakage process inside the fabric by changing the light spot formed by light penetrating the fabric when testing the tensile strength of the fabric.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: The present invention discloses an automatic testing device for the multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension, comprising a rigid frame system, a precision transmission system, a dynamic fixture system, a multi-parameter measurement system, and an intelligent control system. A high-elastic fabric optical response mechanism is integrated on the double-column portal frame of the rigid frame system, which is used to reflect the fiber damage process through the changes in the light transmittance and light spot of the fabric; The optical response mechanism of high-elastic fabric includes a sealed light-isolating component, a light source component and an imaging component. The light source component includes a pulse LED light source array arranged equidistantly along the stretching direction of the fabric, a lampshade and a transverse drive unit. The transverse drive unit drives the lampshade to move laterally by moving the longitudinal displacement of the moving beam, so that the lampshade approaches the fabric surface at the preset detection trigger point and maintains a safe gap.

[0007] Furthermore, the transverse driving unit includes a longitudinal moving component, a wedge component and a transverse moving component. The longitudinal moving component includes a slide rail fixed to the inner wall of one side of the double-column portal frame and a slider group linked to the moving beam. The wedge component includes a guide ball arranged on the slider and an isosceles trapezoidal wedge body installed on the top plate of the transverse moving component. When the guide ball contacts the inclined surface of the wedge body, the longitudinal displacement is converted into transverse displacement. The transverse moving component includes a connecting frame, a slide rod, a top plate, a fixed plate and a spring. The slide rod passes through the connecting frame panel, the inner end of the slide rod is fixed to the top plate and the outer end is fixed to the fixed plate, the spring is sleeved on the slide rod, and the lampshade is installed on the fixed plate.

[0008] Furthermore, a proximity switch is embedded in the short side platform area of the wedge body. The proximity switch is divided into a light source trigger switch and a camera trigger switch along the longitudinal direction. When the guide ball slides into the platform area, the pulse LED light source and the camera single imaging are triggered in sequence.

[0009] Furthermore, the light source assembly integrates an equal-dividing mechanism, including a connecting plate, a screw drive part, a movable plate, a movable rod and a radial equal-dividing groove. The movable plate is driven by the screw to link the pin shaft to slide along the equal-dividing groove, thereby realizing dynamic adjustment of the spacing of the pulsed LED light source along the stretching direction of the fabric.

[0010] Furthermore, the sealed light-isolating assembly includes a sealing plate, a sealing door, and a black backlight panel fixed to the inner wall of the frame. The front and rear ends of the double-column door frame are fixedly installed with sealing plates to form a closed cavity. A sealing door that can be opened and closed is installed under the front sealing plate for sample clamping operations, and the surface of the black backlight panel is the light spot projection surface.

[0011] Furthermore, the slider group includes three sliders arranged longitudinally along the slide rail, adjacent sliders are fixedly connected by connecting rods, and the top slider is rigidly connected to the moving beam.

[0012] Furthermore, the camera of the imaging assembly is installed at the end of the lampshade fixing plate, the lens faces the black backlight plate, and the camera is located outside the fabric clamping area.

[0013] Furthermore, the spring pushes the top plate away from the fabric to form a safety distance under normal conditions, and the sliding direction of the slide bar is perpendicular to the fabric plane.

[0014] Furthermore, a plurality of pulse LED light source units are arranged at equal intervals along the width direction of the fabric.

[0015] The method of the automatic testing device for multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension comprises the following steps: Step 1: First, perform rack calibration; Step 1: Clamp the fabric and place both ends of the fabric sample into the upper and lower clamps; Step 3: Perform a tensile test. Move the crossbeam upward to stretch and drive the slider to move longitudinally along the rail. The guide ball contacts the inclined surface of the wedge block, pushing the lampshade to move horizontally to the working distance. Step 4: The guide ball triggers the proximity switch at the entrance of the platform area, starting the pulse LED light source. The guide ball triggers the proximity switch at the end of the platform area, driving the camera to take a single shot of the light spot, and the fiber damage is determined by the change in the light spot. Step 5: The fabric breaks, and the ultimate strength and elongation of the fabric after breaking are obtained.

[0016] The present invention has the following advantages: (1) The present invention integrates an optical response mechanism for highly elastic fabrics, and when testing the tensile strength of the fabric, the fabric can be illuminated by a light source, and the light transmittance of the fabric and the changes in the light spot formed by the light penetrating the fabric can be monitored in stages, thereby visualizing the microscopic damage of the fiber and reflecting the step-by-step fracture damage process of the fiber.

[0017] (2) The present invention maintains a safe distance between the lampshade and the fabric being inspected under normal conditions by setting a transverse drive unit, and accurately locates the working distance only at the inspection point, completely avoiding mechanical contact and thermal radiation interference.

[0018] (3) The present invention dynamically adjusts the LED spacing by setting an equal-division mechanism to adapt to specimens of different lengths and ensure full coverage of the critical strain stage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a double-column portal frame structure of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 A local enlarged structural diagram of point A; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure at point C; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure at point B; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at D; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure at F; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 6A schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at E; Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the wedge structure of the present invention; Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the equal division mechanism of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 1. Tensile testing machine; 2. High-elastic fabric optical response mechanism; 3. Platform area; 4. Proximity switch; 5. Equalization mechanism; 6. Pin; 7. Mounting seat; 101. Double-column portal frame; 102. Base; 103. Moving beam; 104. Clamp; 201. Sealed light-isolating assembly; 202. Light source assembly; 203. Imaging assembly; 211. Closing plate; 212. Sealed door; 213. Black backlight panel; 221. Pulsed LED light source; 222. Lampshade; 223. Transverse drive unit; 2231. Longitudinal movement component; 2232. Wedge Parts; 2233, transverse moving part; 2311, mounting plate; 2312, slide rail; 2313, slider; 2314, connecting rod; 2331, connecting frame; 2332, slide rod; 2333, top plate; 2334, fixed plate; 2335, spring; 2321, connecting block; 2322, fixed rod; 2323, guide ball; 2324, wedge body; 2031, camera; 501, connecting plate; 502, screw drive unit; 503, moving plate; 504, moving rod; 505, equally divided groove; 3311, panel; 3312, side panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation method and specific operation process are given. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment. In the description of the present invention, words indicating directions or positional relationships such as "front", "rear", "left", and "right" are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0022] The embodiment discloses an automatic testing device for multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension, such as Figures 1-10 As shown, it includes a tensile testing machine 1, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, its core structure includes five functional units, namely the rigid frame system, precision transmission system, dynamic fixture system, multi-parameter measurement system and intelligent control system. Among them, the rigid frame system is composed of a double-column portal frame 101 and a ductile iron base 102 to form an anti-torsion support platform, while the precision transmission system is driven by a servo motor through a planetary reducer to drive the ball screw, which drives the moving beam 103 to achieve stepless speed change. The dynamic clamp system uses a self-tightening clamp 104 to clamp the fabric and ensure that the sample does not slip, while the multi-parameter measurement system uses an S-type strain sensor to collect tension in real time and a photoelectric encoder to synchronously record displacement; The intelligent control system is based on industrial PLC and ISO standard algorithm to realize three closed-loop adjustment of displacement, force and deformation and automatic determination of breaking point.

[0023] When conducting a strength tensile test on a fabric, the two ends of the fabric sample are fixed in the upper and lower clamps 104 respectively to ensure that they are aligned without deviation. Then the equipment is started to stretch slowly, and the displacement returns to zero after eliminating the initial relaxation of the sample. The beam 103 is moved at a constant speed at a set rate, and the load is continuously applied until the sample breaks. The system automatically detects the point where the force value drops suddenly, determines the break and stops the test, outputs the breaking strength and elongation data, and resets the equipment to prepare for the next test.

[0024] Currently, fabric tensile strength testing generally relies on electronic tensile testing machines1. Although its standardized process can automatically obtain macroscopic endpoint data such as breaking strength and elongation, it has essential limitations. During the entire stretching process, key damage evolution behaviors such as fiber breakage, yarn slippage and structural collapse cannot be captured, resulting in the inability to locate the initial failure position and difficulty in quantifying the differential damage accumulation of anisotropic materials.

[0025] Therefore, in this embodiment, a high-elastic fabric optical response mechanism 2 is provided at the double-column portal frame 101, and the spatial evolution of the light transmission behavior of the fabric under tensile load is captured in real time to monitor the microscopic dynamics such as the gradual failure of fibers and the initiation of microcracks during the stretching process of the fabric.

[0026] Specifically, such as Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the optical response mechanism 2 of the high-elastic fabric includes a sealed light-isolating component 201, a light source component 202 and an imaging component 203, wherein the sealed light-isolating component 201 is used to construct a dark field environment to avoid external light interference, and the light source component 202 is used to illuminate the fabric during the stretching process, so that light can pass through the fabric and be projected onto the opposite side wall of the double-column portal frame 101, and the imaging component 203 is used to image and photograph the light spot distribution irradiated on the inner wall on the other side of the double-column portal frame 101, and quantitatively characterize the dynamic evolution of the fiber structure through the transmittance and light spot changes.

[0027] More specifically, Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4As shown, the sealed light-isolating assembly 201 includes a sealing plate 211, a sealing door 212 and a black backlight panel 213. The front and rear ends of the double-column door frame 101 are fixedly installed with the sealing plate 211 to form a closed cavity. A sealing door 212 that can be opened and closed is installed under the front sealing plate 211 for sample clamping operation. The light spot projection surface of the inner wall of the frame is fixedly connected to the black backlight panel 213 to clearly develop the penetrating light distribution.

[0028] Furthermore, through the above arrangement, during the stretching test, the sealed door 212 can be closed to construct the stretching space into a dark field environment, and then when the light source assembly 202 illuminates the fabric, the penetrating light distribution can be clearly developed.

[0029] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the light source assembly 202 includes a pulse LED light source 221, a lampshade 222, and a transverse drive unit 223. The pulse LED light source 221 is assembled inside the lampshade 222, with its irradiation end directed toward the fabric surface. A plurality of pulse LED light sources 221 are arranged at equal intervals along the fabric stretching direction, thereby covering multiple positions along the fabric stretching direction. The transverse drive unit 223 controls the transverse displacement of the lampshade 222, so that the lampshade 222 approaches the stretched fabric and maintains a constant air gap of 0.5-1.0 mm, thereby avoiding interference of contact friction on the stretching data. It should be noted that the transverse drive unit 223 is configured to drive the lampshade 222 to accurately position at the working distance (0.5-1.0mm) only at the preset detection trigger point, and maintain a larger safety distance in normal state, thereby avoiding the risk of mechanical contact and the long-term interference of the thermal radiation of the light source on the mechanical properties of the fabric, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the tensile data.

[0030] In order to achieve synchronization between the movement and stretching of the lampshade 222, the transverse driving unit 223 is configured to drive the transverse movement of the lampshade 222 by the upward stretching of the moving beam 103. Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, it specifically includes a longitudinal moving component 2231, a wedge component 2232 and a transverse moving component 2233, wherein the longitudinal moving component 2231 is connected to the movable crossbeam 103, so that the movable crossbeam 103 can synchronously drive the longitudinal moving component 2231 to move longitudinally when moving upward to stretch the fabric, and the transverse moving component 2233 is connected to the lampshade 222, for driving the lampshade 222 to move transversely close to the surface of the fabric in the stretched state, and the wedge component 2232 is used to convert the longitudinal movement of the longitudinal moving component 2231 into the transverse movement of the transverse moving component 2233.

[0031] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 6 As shown, the longitudinal moving component 2231 includes a mounting plate 2311, a slide rail 2312, a slider 2313 and a connecting rod 2314. The mounting plate 2311 is rigidly fixed to the inner wall of one side of the double-column portal frame 101 by high-strength bolts, and a linear slide rail 2312 is precisely assembled on its surface. Three sliders 2313 are arranged on the slide rail 2312, and adjacent sliders 2313 are fixed to each other by connecting rods 2314 to form a chain structure. The top slider 2313 is fixedly connected to the moving beam 103 through the connecting rod 2314 to ensure that the longitudinal displacement of the beam drives the slider 2313 to move synchronously.

[0032] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the transverse moving component 2233 includes a connecting frame 2331, a sliding rod 2332, a top plate 2333, a fixed plate 2334 and a spring 2335. The connecting frame 2331 is welded into a door-type frame by a thick panel 3311 and a double-side plate 3312, and is detachably mounted on the end face of the mounting plate 2311 by screws. A plurality of sliding rods 2332 pass through the sliding pair of the panel 3311. The sliding direction of the sliding rod 2332 is perpendicular to the fabric. The inner end of the sliding rod 2332 is threadedly fixed to the top plate 2333, and the outer end is connected to the fixed plate 2334. The lampshade 222 is mounted on the fixed plate 2334. Each sliding rod 2332 is sleeved with a spring 2335. Under normal circumstances, the pre-pressure of the spring 2335 pushes the top plate 2333 away from the fabric to a safe distance.

[0033] like Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 9As shown, the wedge block component 2322 includes a connecting block 2321, a fixing rod 2322, a guide ball 2323 and a wedge block body 2324, wherein each slider 2313 is fixed with a connecting block 2321 on one side facing the top plate 2333, and its end face is perpendicularly fixed to the fixing rod 2322, and the rod end of the fixing rod 2322 is embedded with the guide ball 2323. In addition, a wedge block body 2324 is provided on the side of the top plate 2333 facing the guide ball 2323, and the wedge block body 2324 is detachably connected to the top plate 2333 by a countersunk screw. The wedge block body 2324 is set to be an isosceles trapezoid, and the short side platform area 3 of the wedge block body 2324 faces the guide ball 2323, and the long side of the wedge block body 2324 is connected to the top plate 2333. The two inclined surfaces of the wedge block body 2324 They are located at the top and bottom respectively, and the geometric center axis of the wedge block 2324 is coplanar with the movement trajectory of the guide ball 2323. Under normal circumstances, when the guide ball 2323 and the wedge block 2324 are staggered up and down, the guide ball 2323 contacts the end face of the top plate 2333 through the action of the spring 2335. When the slider 2313 moves upward, the wedge block 2324 is pushed laterally through the contact between the guide ball 2323 and the inclined surface of the wedge block 2324, so that the top plate 2333 moves laterally. The lateral movement of the top plate 2333 causes the fixed plate 2334 to move laterally through the sliding rod 2332, thereby making the lampshade 222 close to the fabric surface. When the guide ball 2323 moves completely to the short side platform area of the wedge block 2324, the distance between the lampshade 222 and the fabric is at the working distance.

[0034] like Figure 8 As shown, the imaging component 203 includes a camera 2031, which is installed at the end of the fixed plate 2334, and the lens of the camera 2031 is facing the black backlight plate 213. In addition, after the fabric is clamped, the camera 2031 is located outside the fabric area to prevent the fabric from blocking the imaging of the camera 2031.

[0035] It should be noted that the positions of each slider 2313 correspond to preset detection trigger points. When the beam moves to the target position, the guide ball 2323 just reaches the platform area 3 of the wedge block body 2324. By configuring the height of the platform area 3 of the wedge block body 2324, when the guide ball 2323 moves to the platform area 3, the lampshade 222 is moved to the working distance. When the beam returns, the guide ball 2323 separates from the wedge block body 2324, the spring 2335 releases the stored energy, and the lampshade 222 returns to a safe position.

[0036] The position of the slider 2313 on the slide rail 2312 is preset to correspond to the key strain detection point. After the fabric sample is clamped by the upper and lower clamps 104, the sealing door 212 is closed. When the movable crossbeam 103 moves upward and stretches, the slider is driven to move longitudinally along the slide rail 2312 via the connecting rod 2314. When the slider 2313 moves to a horizontal position with the top plate 2333, its guide ball 2323 contacts the inclined surface of the wedge block 2324, converting the longitudinal displacement into a lateral displacement, pushing the top plate 2333 to move the lampshade 222 and the fixing plate 2334 closer to the fabric via the slide rod 2332. When 3 slides into the platform area 3 of the wedge body 2324, the lampshade 222 is precisely positioned at the working distance. At this time, the pulsed LED light source array 221 illuminates the fabric, and the penetrating light forms a light spot on the black backlight plate 213. The camera 2031 records it in real time. When highly elastic fabrics (such as nylon stockings) are slightly fractured, the transmittance drops sharply, and the light spot morphology undergoes a significant and detectable change. The light spot morphology degenerates from a Gaussian distribution to a central dark spot and diffraction rings. The change in the light spot reflects the damage of the fabric fiber. The setting of the slide rail 2312 and multiple sliders 2313 enables intermittent detection at different strain stages. It should be noted that an array of pulsed LED light sources 221 is also arranged at equal intervals along the width direction of the fabric, so as to synchronously obtain the warp and weft damage data.

[0037] In addition, when the lampshade 222 moves to the working distance, the camera 2031 can take pictures of the light spot, such as Figure 9 As shown, a proximity switch 4 is embedded and installed in the short side platform area 3 of the wedge body 2324, and its sensing end is orthogonally aligned with the movement trajectory of the guide ball 2323. The proximity switch 4 is connected to the system signal, and two proximity switches 4 are arranged in the longitudinal direction. Along the upward movement route of the slider 2313, the front proximity switch 4 is used for light source triggering, which is embedded in the entrance side of the platform area 3 of the wedge body 2324, and the rear proximity switch 4 is used for camera 2031 triggering, which is embedded at the end of the platform area 3 to control the imaging start of the camera 2031. Through the contact between the guide ball 2323 and the proximity switch 4, the light source is first controlled to turn on, and then the camera 2031 is controlled to complete an imaging shot, thereby ensuring that each time the lampshade 222 moves to the working distance, an imaging shot can be taken, and the light source adopts a delayed shutdown setting.

[0038] To meet the tensile testing requirements of fabrics of different lengths, such as Figure 6 and Figure 10 As shown, the spacing between the pulse LED light sources 221 equidistantly arranged along the stretching direction on the fixed plate 2334 is dynamically adjusted by the equally dividing mechanism 5; Specifically, the dividing mechanism 5 includes a connecting plate 501, a screw driving portion 502, a movable plate 503, a movable rod 504 and an equal dividing groove 505, wherein the connecting plate 501 is fixed to the surface of the fixing plate 2334 of the lampshade 222, and its length direction is parallel to the fabric stretching direction, and the movable plate 503 is slidably arranged along the width direction of the connecting plate 501, and the movement of the movable plate 503 is driven by the screw driving portion 502. A plurality of movable plates 503 and the connecting plate 501 are also provided along the connecting plate 501. The movable rods 504 are arranged at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction, and the movable rods 504 slide along the length direction of the connecting plate 501 via linear sliding components. In addition, the connecting plate 501 is provided with equal-dividing grooves 505, and there are multiple equal-dividing grooves 505. The multiple equal-dividing grooves 505 are radially arranged. A pin 6 is fixed to the outer wall of the connecting rod 2314, and the pin 6 is movably inserted into the equal-dividing groove 505. The pulse LED light source 221 and the lampshade 222 are mounted on one end of the movable rod 504 via a mounting base 7.

[0039] It should be noted that the number of moving rods 504, the number of equally divided slots 505 and the number of pulse LED light sources 221 along the fabric stretching direction are the same, and the screw drive unit 502 is driven by a stepper motor to drive the ball screw, pushing the moving plate 503 to slide along the width of the connecting plate 501, so that the moving plate 503 moves along the width direction of the connecting plate 501, and through the setting of the equally divided slots 505, the multiple moving rods 504 arranged longitudinally are adjusted at equal intervals, and then the pulse LED light sources 221 are adjusted at equal intervals to adjust the detection position in the fabric stretching direction.

[0040] The method of the automatic testing device for multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension comprises the following steps: Step 1: First, perform rack calibration, check the verticality of the double-column portal frame 101, and level the base 102. Then, perform optical system presetting and adjust the distance between the LED light sources through the dividing mechanism 5. Step 2: Clamp the fabric. First, open the sealed door 212, place both ends of the fabric sample into the upper and lower clamps 104, and set the clamping force. Then, close the sealed door 212 to create a dark field environment. Step 3: Perform a tensile test. The movable crossbeam 103 is moved upward to stretch and, via the connecting rod 2314, drives the slider to move longitudinally along the slide rail 2312. When the slider 2313 moves to a level with the top plate 2333, its guide ball 2323 contacts the inclined surface of the wedge block 2324, converting the longitudinal displacement into lateral displacement. This pushes the top plate 2333, which is then driven by the slide rod 2332 to move the lampshade 222 fixing plate 2334 closer to the fabric. When the guide ball 2323 slides into the platform area 3 of the wedge block 2324, the lampshade 222 is precisely positioned at the working distance. Step 4: The proximity switch 4 is triggered by the guide ball 2323, which sequentially activates the pulse LED light source 221 and the camera 2031 for imaging. The pulse LED light source 221 array illuminates the fabric, and the penetrating light forms a light spot on the black backlight plate 213. The camera 2031 records the image in real time, and the changes in the light spot reflect the damage of the fabric fiber. During the upward movement of the movable crossbeam 103, the multiple sliders 2313 on the slide rail 2312 are intermittently aligned with the top plate 2333. Through the cooperation of the guide ball 2323 and the wedge block 2324, the sliders 2313 intermittently move closer to the fabric, thereby capturing the damage at different strain stages during the fabric stretching process. Step 5: The fabric breaks, and the ultimate strength and elongation of the fabric after breaking are obtained.

[0041] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. An automatic testing device for the multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension, comprising a rigid frame system, a precision transmission system, a dynamic fixture system, a multi-parameter measurement system, and an intelligent control system, characterized in that: The double-column portal frame (101) of the rigid rack system is integrated with a high-elastic fabric optical response mechanism (2) for responding to fiber damage processes through changes in light transmittance and light spots of the fabric; The high-elastic fabric optical response mechanism (2) comprises a sealed light-isolating component (201), a light source component (202), and an imaging component (203); the light source component (202) comprises an array of pulsed LED light sources (221) equidistantly arranged along the fabric stretching direction, a lampshade (222), and a transverse drive unit (223); the transverse drive unit (223) drives the lampshade (222) to move transversely by longitudinally displacing a moving beam (103), so that the lampshade (222) approaches the fabric surface at a preset detection trigger point and maintains a safe gap.

2. The automatic testing device for multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transverse driving unit (223) includes a longitudinal moving component (2231), a wedge component (2232) and a transverse moving component (2233). The longitudinal moving component (2231) includes a slide rail (2312) fixed to the inner wall of one side of the double-column portal frame (101) and a slider (2313) group linked to the moving beam (103). The wedge component (2232) includes a guide ball (2323) provided on the slider (2313) and an isosceles trapezoidal wedge body (2324) installed on the top plate (2333) of the transverse moving component (2233). The guide ball (2323) and the slider (2313) are connected to each other. When the inclined surfaces of the wedge block (2324) come into contact, the longitudinal displacement is converted into the lateral displacement. The transverse displacement component (2233) includes a connecting frame (2331), a sliding rod (2332), a top plate (2333), a fixed plate (2334) and a spring (2335). The sliding rod (2332) passes through the panel (3311) of the connecting frame (2331). The inner end of the sliding rod (2332) is fixed to the top plate (2333) and the outer end is fixed to the fixed plate (2334). The spring (2335) is sleeved on the sliding rod (2332). The lampshade (222) is installed on the fixed plate (2334).

3. The automatic testing device for multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension according to claim 2, characterized in that: The short side platform area (3) of the wedge body (2324) is embedded with a proximity switch (4), and the proximity switch (4) is longitudinally divided into a light source trigger switch and a camera (2031) trigger switch. When the guide ball (2323) slides into the platform area (3), the pulse LED light source (221) and the camera (2031) are triggered in sequence for single imaging.

4. The automatic testing device for multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension according to claim 2, characterized in that: The light source assembly (202) is integrated with an equal division mechanism (5), comprising a connecting plate (501), a screw drive unit (502), a movable plate (503), a movable rod (504), and radial equal division grooves (505). The movable plate (503) is driven by the screw drive to link the pin shaft (6) to slide along the equal division grooves (505), thereby achieving dynamic adjustment of the spacing of the pulsed LED light sources (221) along the fabric stretching direction.

5. The automatic testing device for multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealed light-isolating assembly (201) comprises a sealing plate (211), a sealing door (212), and a black backlight plate (213) fixed to the inner wall of the frame. The front and rear ends of the double-column door-type frame (101) are fixedly mounted with the sealing plate (211) to form a closed cavity. An openable and closable sealing door (212) is assembled below the front sealing plate (211) for sample clamping operation. The surface of the black backlight plate (213) is a light spot projection surface.

6. The automatic testing device for multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slider (2313) group comprises three sliders (2313) arranged longitudinally along the slide rail (2312), adjacent sliders (2313) are fixedly connected via a connecting rod (2314), and the top slider (2313) is rigidly connected to the moving beam (103).

7. The automatic testing device for multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension according to claim 1, characterized in that: The camera (2031) of the imaging assembly (203) is mounted on the end of the lampshade (222) fixing plate (2334), with the lens facing the black backlight plate (213), and the camera (2031) is located outside the fabric clamping area.

8. The automatic testing device for multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spring (2335) pushes the top plate (2333) away from the fabric to form a safety distance under normal conditions, and the sliding direction of the slide bar (2332) is perpendicular to the fabric plane.

9. The automatic testing device for multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulse LED light source (221) comprises a plurality of light source units arranged at equal intervals along the width direction of the fabric.

10. A method based on any one of claims 1 to 9 of the automatic testing device for multi-directional tensile strength of textiles based on constant tension, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: First, perform rack calibration; Step 1: Clamp the fabric, placing both ends of the fabric sample into the upper and lower clamps (104); Step 3: Perform a tensile test, move the crossbeam (103) upward to perform the stretching and drive the slider (2313) to move longitudinally along the slide rail (2312), and the guide ball (2323) contacts the inclined surface of the wedge body (2324), pushing the lampshade (222) to move laterally to the working distance; Step 4: The guide ball (2323) triggers the entrance proximity switch (4) of the platform area (3), starts the pulse LED light source (221), and the guide ball (2323) triggers the end proximity switch (4) of the platform area (3), drives the camera (2031) to take a single shot of the light spot, and determines the fiber damage by the change of the light spot; Step 5: The fabric breaks, and the ultimate strength and elongation of the fabric after breaking are obtained.

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