Combined detection tube for detecting concentration of carbon monoxide in blood

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of gas detection, and relates to a combined detection tube for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in blood. The device is composed of the sample adding pipe and the detection pipe, the filler section arranged in the sample adding pipe can effectively destroy red blood cells to release CO gas under the action of a Cr (VI) / Cr (III) oxidation-reduction system, meanwhile, glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid and other reducing substances in blood are removed through the interference removing section, and the detection specificity and accuracy are remarkably improved. An indicating glue section in the detection tube adopts a platinum-selenium compound and potassium iodate system, a chromogenic reaction is carried out in the presence of CO: I2O5 + 5CO-> I2 + 5CO2, the generated iodine elementary substance presents a brown chromogenic zone, and the length of the chromogenic zone is positively correlated with the concentration of HbCO, so that the visual quantitative analysis of the content of the carbon-oxygen-hemoglobin in the blood is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of gas detection and relates to a combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood. Background Art

[0002] Traditional methods for detecting carbon monoxide (carboxyhemoglobin) in blood mainly rely on spectrophotometry or gas chromatography. Although these methods have high accuracy and reliability in laboratory environments, they still have many technical defects in practical applications. First, the sample pretreatment process is cumbersome and complicated, requiring multiple steps such as centrifugation, extraction, and purification. It is not only time-consuming, but also prone to human errors or contamination, affecting the accuracy of the final test results. Secondly, the detection cycle is generally long, usually taking several hours or even longer to obtain the final data. This is for some time-sensitive cases, especially for on-site investigations involving poisoning deaths or acute carbon monoxide exposure, which often cannot meet the needs of rapid response. In addition, these traditional detection methods are highly dependent on large instruments and equipment, such as spectrophotometers and gas chromatographs. The equipment is large in size, complex to operate, and has high maintenance costs. It is difficult to achieve mobile or portable detection, which limits its application capabilities in the field.

[0003] These deficiencies make it difficult for forensic scientists to obtain critical physical and chemical data promptly at the crime scene, hindering their initial assessment of the nature of the case and the direction of their investigation. For example, at the scene of a suspected death from carbon monoxide poisoning, failing to immediately confirm the level of carboxyhemoglobin in the deceased's blood can delay analysis of the cause of the accident and even affect the efficiency and accuracy of subsequent forensic identification.

[0004] To address this technical challenge, there is an urgent need to extend carbon monoxide detection technology from the laboratory to the field, developing portable, rapid, and reliable on-site detection methods that can quickly complete preliminary testing of blood samples at the crime scene and obtain key data such as carboxyhemoglobin concentration in real time, thereby providing a scientific basis and technical support for case prediction. This "on-site detection" model not only improves the efficiency and response speed of forensic work, but also provides a strong guarantee for subsequent in-depth identification and evidence collection, and has important practical significance and application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art and propose a combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, which can realize direct sampling of whole blood samples and complete the separation and detection of carbon monoxide substances, and can complete qualitative and quantitative analysis in a non-laboratory environment.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, wherein the detection combined tube is formed by connecting a sample addition tube and a detection tube;

[0008] The sample tube includes a glass tube, and a non-woven fabric section, a filler section, and a plugging material section are sequentially arranged from the inlet end to the plugging end of the glass tube;

[0009] The detection tube includes a glass tube, and a non-woven fabric section, a blank silica gel section, an interference removal section, a blue indicator gel section, an indicator gel section, a blue indicator gel section, an interference removal section, a blank silica gel section, and a blockage section are sequentially arranged from the inlet end to the blocked end of the glass tube.

[0010] Preferably, the detection combination tube is formed by connecting the blocked end of the sample addition tube and the inlet end of the detection tube.

[0011] The present invention extracts whole blood to be tested and injects it into the inlet of a sample tube. When the blood passes through the sample tube, carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) destroys cells in a Cr(VI) / Cr(III) redox system to release CO. The anti-interference layer removes reducing substances such as GSH and ascorbic acid. The indicator gel segment reacts with a platinum-selenium complex through CO to produce a color reaction: I2O5+5CO→I2+CO2 (brown color of elemental iodine). The length of the color band is positively correlated with the HbCO concentration. By combining the detection tube, quantitative detection of 10-80% HbCO in the blood can be achieved, and the detection time is less than 7 minutes.

[0012] In the above-mentioned combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, the filler section has a length of 82-92 mm and an average particle size of 0.3-0.8 mm. The preparation method of the filler comprises the following steps:

[0013] S1. Adding silica gel to a solution containing potassium dichromate and chromium sulfate and uniformly mixing the mixture, followed by high-temperature drying to obtain filler A;

[0014] S2. Take filler A and add it to chromium sulfate solution, mix it evenly, and then dry it at high temperature to obtain filler B;

[0015] S3. Mix filler A and filler B, then add them into potassium sulfate solution and mix them evenly, and finally dry them at high temperature to obtain the filler.

[0016] The filler prepared by the present invention can increase the specific surface area, make the reaction between blood and filler more complete, destroy carboxyhemoglobin, fully release CO gas, and enable the detection tube to detect trace amounts of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood.

[0017] Preferably, the detection combination tube is formed by connecting the plugging section of the sample addition tube and the non-woven fabric section of the detection tube.

[0018] In the above-mentioned combined detection tube for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in blood, the mass ratio of silica gel to the solution containing potassium dichromate and chromium sulfate in step S1 is 1:(0.5-1.5), wherein the concentration of potassium dichromate in the solution containing potassium dichromate and chromium sulfate is 1-1.5wt%, and the concentration of chromium sulfate is 0.3-0.5wt%.

[0019] In the above-mentioned combined detection tube for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in blood, the mass ratio of filler A to filler B in step S3 is 1:(0.5-1.5).

[0020] In the above-mentioned combined detection tube for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in blood, the high-temperature drying temperature in step S1 and step S2 is 150-200° C. and the drying time is 50-80 minutes.

[0021] In the above-mentioned combined detection tube for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in blood, the high-temperature drying temperature in step S3 is 50-60° C. and the drying time is 20-24 hours.

[0022] In the above-mentioned combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, the length of the indicator gel segment is 50-65 mm. The preparation method of the indicator gel comprises the following steps:

[0023] S1, adding silica gel to a solution containing potassium iodate, selenium dioxide and chloroplatinic acid, uniformly mixing, and then drying at high temperature to obtain a semi-finished indicator glue;

[0024] S2. Then, fuming sulfuric acid is added to the semi-finished indicator glue, and the indicator glue is obtained by high-temperature drying.

[0025] Compared with traditional gas detection tubes, the indicator rubber segment prepared by the present invention has better sensitivity, can produce a color reaction to trace amounts of carbon monoxide in the blood, and can control the gas flow rate so that the concentration and length are correlated.

[0026] In the above-mentioned combined detection tube for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in blood, the solution containing potassium iodate, selenium dioxide and chloroplatinic acid has a potassium iodate concentration of 0.05-0.15 wt %, and a selenium dioxide concentration of 0.2-0.5 wt % and 0.01-0.05 wt %.

[0027] In the above-mentioned combined detection tube for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in blood, the mass ratio of silica gel to the solution containing potassium iodate, selenium dioxide and chloroplatinic acid is (1-5):1.

[0028] In the above-mentioned combined detection tube for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in blood, the mass ratio of the semi-finished indicator gel to fuming sulfuric acid is 2.5-4.5:1.

[0029] In the above-mentioned combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, the interference removal section is a strong oxidizing filter medium with a length of 3-8 mm. The preparation method of the strong oxidizing filter medium comprises the following steps:

[0030] S1, adding silica gel to chromium trioxide solution and uniformly mixing, and then drying at high temperature to obtain modified silica gel;

[0031] S2. Add fuming sulfuric acid to the modified silica gel for sealing.

[0032] In the above-mentioned combined detection tube for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in blood, the mass ratio of silica gel to chromium trioxide solution is (1-5):1, wherein the concentration of chromium trioxide solution is 2-5wt%.

[0033] In the above-mentioned combined detection tube for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in blood, the mass ratio of modified silica gel to fuming sulfuric acid is (3-8):1.

[0034] In the above-mentioned combined detection tube for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in blood, the silica gel particles in the blank silica gel segment have a diameter of 60-80 meshes and a length of 5-15 mm.

[0035] In the above-mentioned combined detection tube for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in blood, the blue indicator glue is blue glass powder, and the length of the blue indicator glue segment is 2-3 mm.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0037] 1. The device of the present invention consists of two parts: a sample tube and a detection tube. Through a scientific functional zoning design, it realizes direct sampling of whole blood samples and efficient separation and colorimetric detection of carbon monoxide, breaking through the traditional detection methods' high dependence on laboratory environment and professional technicians. The filler section set in the sample tube can effectively destroy red blood cells and release CO gas under the action of the Cr(VI) / Cr(III) redox system. At the same time, the interference removal section removes reducing substances such as glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid in the blood, significantly improving the specificity and accuracy of the detection. The indicator gel section in the detection tube adopts a platinum-selenium complex and potassium iodate system. In the presence of CO, a color reaction occurs: I2O5+5CO→I2+5CO2. The generated iodine element presents a brown color band, the length of which is positively correlated with the HbCO concentration, thereby realizing a visual quantitative analysis of the carboxyhemoglobin content in the blood.

[0038] 2. The combined detection tube of the present invention has the characteristics of a wide detection range (10%-80% HbCO), a short detection time (less than 7 minutes), and strong portability. It is suitable for rapid on-site detection needs and is particularly suitable for use by forensic workers at the crime scene. By extending the detection process from the laboratory to the crime scene, it not only greatly improves detection efficiency but also provides timely and reliable data support for the preliminary judgment of the nature of the case, the collection of evidence, and subsequent forensic identification. In addition, the material selection of each functional section of the detection tube is reasonable, the preparation process is mature, and it has good repeatability and stability, which facilitates large-scale production and promotion and application.

[0039] 3. The present invention provides a carbon monoxide detection solution that can complete qualitative and quantitative analysis in a non-laboratory environment. It has significant advantages such as fast detection speed, simple operation, intuitive results, and low cost. It has important practical significance and broad application prospects for improving the level of forensic on-site detection technology and promoting the development of toxicology analysis towards mobility and real-time directions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the sample tube in Example 1; 1-1, high borosilicate glass tube; 1-2, medical non-woven fabric; 1-3, filler; 1-4, medical-grade plug;

[0041] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the detection tube of Example 1; 2-1, high borosilicate glass tube; 2-2, medical non-woven fabric; 2-3, 75 mesh blank silica gel; 2-4, dry section; 2-5, blue indicator gel; 2-6 indicator gel section; 2-7 medical grade plug;

[0042] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of actual detection of the sample tube and detection tube in Example 1.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a physical picture of the sample tube and detection tube in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] Below by specific embodiment and accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is further described explanation, it should be understood that specific embodiment described herein is only for helping to understand the present invention, is not used for specific limitation of the present invention.And accompanying drawing used herein, is only for better illustrating the disclosure of the present invention, does not have limiting effect on protection scope.If no special instructions, the raw materials adopted in the embodiment of the present invention are all raw materials commonly used in this area, and the method adopted in the embodiment is all conventional method in this area.

[0045] Example 1:

[0046] A physical picture Figure 4The combined detection tube for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in blood is shown, wherein the combined detection tube is formed by connecting a sample addition tube and a detection tube;

[0047] The sample tube is as follows Figure 1 The glass tube is shown, and a non-woven fabric section, a filler section, and a plugging material section are sequentially arranged from left to right at the inlet end of the glass tube;

[0048] Detection tube such as Figure 2 The figure shows a glass tube, which is sequentially provided with a non-woven fabric section, a blank silica gel section, an interference removal section, a blue indicator glue section, an indicator glue section, a blue indicator glue section, an interference removal section, a blank silica gel section, and a blockage section from the inlet end to the blocking end of the glass tube.

[0049] The sample tube glass tube is a single-mouth borosilicate glass tube with an inner diameter of 4.2 mm and a length of 145 mm;

[0050] The detection tube glass tube is a single-mouth borosilicate glass tube with an inner diameter of 2.5mm and a length of 145mm;

[0051] The filler section has a length of 87 mm and an average particle size of 0.6 mm. It is injected into a pre-treated glass tube with an inner diameter of 0.42 mm using a vacuum filling method. The preparation method of the filler includes the following steps:

[0052] S1. Add 30-mesh silica gel to a solution containing 1.2 wt% potassium dichromate and 0.35 wt% chromium sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:1, and mix uniformly. Then, dry the mixture at 160° C. for 60 min to obtain filler A.

[0053] S2. Filler A was added to a 40 wt% chromium sulfate solution in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the mixture was evenly mixed. The mixture was then dried at 160° C. for 60 min to obtain filler B.

[0054] S3. Filler A and filler B are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1, then added into a potassium sulfate solution with a total mass concentration of 5 wt% and 40% filler, and mixed evenly. Finally, the mixture is dried at 55° C. for 22 h to obtain the filler.

[0055] The length of the indicator gel segment is 60 mm. The preparation method of the indicator gel comprises the following steps:

[0056] S1. Add 100 mesh silica gel to a solution containing 0.1 wt% potassium iodate, 0.3 wt% selenium dioxide and 0.03 wt% chloroplatinic acid, mix them evenly, and then dry them at 130° C. for 120 min to obtain a semi-finished indicator gel;

[0057] S2. Then, fuming sulfuric acid was added to the semi-finished indicator glue at a mass ratio of 20:6, and the mixture was dried at a high temperature of 120° C. for 60 min, and sealed for 7 days to obtain the indicator glue.

[0058] The interference removal section is a strong oxidizing filter medium with a length of 5 mm. The preparation method of the strong oxidizing filter medium comprises the following steps:

[0059] S1. Add 75-mesh silica gel to a 3 wt% chromium trioxide solution and mix uniformly. Then, dry the mixture at 175° C. for 120 min to obtain modified silica gel.

[0060] S2. After natural cooling, add fuming sulfuric acid to the modified silica gel at a mass ratio of 5:1 and perform sealing treatment for 8 days.

[0061] The blank silica gel segment is 70 mesh blank silica gel with a length of 10 mm.

[0062] The blue indicator glue is blue glass powder, and the length of the blue indicator glue segment is 2.5mm.

[0063] The plug section uses a medical grade rubber plug.

[0064] Example 2:

[0065] The only difference from Example 1 is that the filler is filler A only.

[0066] Example 3:

[0067] The only difference from Example 1 is that the filler is filler B only.

[0068] Example 4:

[0069] The only difference from Example 1 is that the filler length is only 1 mm.

[0070] Example 5:

[0071] The only difference from Example 1 is that the filler length is only 30 mm.

[0072] Example 6:

[0073] The only difference from Example 1 is that the indicator glue is not treated with fuming sulfuric acid.

[0074] Example 7:

[0075] The only difference from Example 1 is that during the preparation of the indicator gel, the solution contains only 0.1 wt % potassium iodate and 0.3 wt % selenium dioxide.

[0076] Example 8:

[0077] The only difference from Example 1 is that the interference section is not treated with oleum during the preparation process.

[0078] Comparative Example 1:

[0079] The only difference from Example 1 is that there is no sample addition tube in the combined detection tube.

[0080] Comparative Example 2:

[0081] The only difference from Example 1 is that there is no interference removal section in the combined detection tube.

[0082] like Figure 3 The sample addition tube and the detection tube are connected by a rubber tube. The whole blood sample is directly injected into the combined detection tube of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Example 1 from the sample addition tube, and carbon monoxide separation and detection is completed through the detection tube.

[0083] Table 1: Performance test of the detection tubes prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Example 1.

[0084] Example Carbon monoxide release rate Detection sensitivity Example 1 80％ 10%-80% COHb Example 2 60％ 25%-100% COHb Example 3 50％ 30%-100% COHb Example 4 5％ 0 Example 5 50％ 30%-100% COHb Example 6 80％ 0 Example 7 80％ 70%-100COHb Example 8 80％ 40%-90% COHb Comparative Example 1 0 0 Comparative Example 2 80％ 40%-90% COHb

[0085] From the above results, it can be seen that Example 1 performs best, with a carbon monoxide release rate of 80% and a detection sensitivity of 10%-80% COHb, indicating that the combined detection tube has good release efficiency and a wide detection range, suitable for low to high concentration carbon monoxide detection. When the filler is only filler A (Example 2) or filler B (Example 3), the CO release rate drops to 60% and 50%, respectively, and the detection limit increases, indicating that the synergistic effect of fillers A and B helps to improve the release efficiency and expand the detection range. When the filler length is only 1mm (Example 4), almost no CO can be released; although the length is increased to 30mm (Example 5), there is some improvement, but it is still not as good as the 87mm filler of Example 1. Although the indicator gel that has not been treated with fuming sulfuric acid has a normal CO release rate (Example 6), it cannot achieve effective detection; the lack of chloroplatinic acid component (Example 7) greatly reduces the detection sensitivity and can only detect high-concentration samples. The interference removal section that has not been treated with fuming sulfuric acid (Example 8) leads to a narrowing of the detection range, indicating that this treatment is of great significance for removing reducing interfering substances and improving detection accuracy. Comparative Example 1 shows that the sample tube plays a key role in cell lysis and CO release. In Comparative Example 2, although the CO release rate is normal, the detection range is limited, indicating that the interference removal section has a positive effect on improving detection sensitivity and accuracy.

[0086] In summary, the device of the present invention consists of two parts: a sample tube and a detection tube. Through a scientific functional zoning design, it realizes the direct sampling of whole blood samples and the efficient separation and colorimetric detection of carbon monoxide, breaking through the traditional detection methods' high dependence on laboratory environment and professional technicians. The filler section set in the sample tube can effectively destroy red blood cells and release CO gas under the action of the Cr(VI) / Cr(III) redox system. At the same time, the interference removal section removes reducing substances such as glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid in the blood, significantly improving the specificity and accuracy of the detection. The indicator gel section in the detection tube adopts a platinum-selenium complex and potassium iodate system. In the presence of CO, a color reaction occurs: I2O5+5CO→I2+5CO2. The generated iodine element presents a brown color band, the length of which is positively correlated with the HbCO concentration, thereby realizing a visual quantitative analysis of the carboxyhemoglobin content in the blood.

[0087] The parts of the embodiment herein that are not exhaustive of the midpoint values ​​of the technical scope claimed for protection by the present invention and the new technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement of single or multiple technical features in the technical solutions of the embodiments are also within the scope claimed for protection by the present invention; at the same time, in all the embodiments listed or not listed in the solutions of the present invention, each parameter in the same embodiment merely represents an example of its technical solution (i.e., a feasible solution), and there is no strict coordination and limitation relationship between the parameters, wherein the parameters can be replaced with each other without violating the axioms and the claims of the present invention, unless otherwise stated.

[0088] The technical means disclosed in the solutions of the present invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above technical means, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features. The above is a specific embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0089] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art may make various modifications, additions, or substitutions to the described specific embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention or exceeding the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood, characterized in that: The detection combination tube is formed by connecting a sample addition tube and a detection tube; The sample tube includes a glass tube, and a non-woven fabric section, a filler section, and a plugging material section are sequentially arranged from the outlet end to the plugging end of the glass tube; The detection tube includes a glass tube, and a non-woven fabric section, a blank silica gel section, an interference removal section, a blue indicator gel section, an indicator gel section, a blue indicator gel section, an interference removal section, a blank silica gel section, and a blockage section are sequentially arranged from the outlet end to the blocked end of the glass tube.

2. A combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filler section length is 82-92 mm, the average particle size is 0.3-0.8 mm, and the preparation method of the filler includes the following steps: S1. Adding silica gel to a solution containing potassium dichromate and chromium sulfate and uniformly mixing the mixture, followed by high-temperature drying to obtain filler A; S2. Take filler A and add it to chromium sulfate solution, mix it evenly, and then dry it at high temperature to obtain filler B; S3. Mix filler A and filler B, then add them into potassium sulfate solution and mix them evenly, and finally dry them at high temperature to obtain the filler.

3. The combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step S1: The mass ratio of silica gel to the solution containing potassium dichromate and chromium sulfate is 1:(0.5-1.5), wherein the concentration of potassium dichromate in the solution containing potassium dichromate and chromium sulfate is 1-1.5wt% ， The concentration of chromium sulfate is 0.3-0.5 wt%.

4. The combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S3, the mass ratio of filler A to filler B is 1:(0.5-1.5).

5. The combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the indicator gel segment is 50-65 mm. The preparation method of the indicator gel comprises the following steps: S1, adding silica gel to a solution containing potassium iodate, selenium dioxide and chloroplatinic acid, uniformly mixing, and then drying at high temperature to obtain a semi-finished indicator glue; S2. Then, fuming sulfuric acid is added to the semi-finished indicator glue, and the indicator glue is obtained by high-temperature drying.

6. The combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood according to claim 5, characterized in that: The solution containing potassium iodate, selenium dioxide and chloroplatinic acid has a potassium iodate concentration of 0.05-0.15 wt %, a selenium dioxide concentration of 0.2-0.5 wt % and a chloroplatinic acid concentration of 0.01-0.05 wt %.

7. The combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass ratio of silica gel to the solution containing potassium iodate, selenium dioxide and chloroplatinic acid is (1-5):

1.

8. The combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interference removal section is a strong oxidizing filter medium with a length of 3-8 mm. The preparation method of the strong oxidizing filter medium comprises the following steps: S1, adding silica gel to chromium trioxide solution and uniformly mixing, and then drying at high temperature to obtain modified silica gel; S2. Add fuming sulfuric acid to the modified silica gel for sealing.

9. The combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood according to claim 8, characterized in that: The mass ratio of silica gel to chromium trioxide solution is (1-5):1, wherein the concentration of chromium trioxide solution is 2-5wt%.

10. The combined detection tube for detecting carbon monoxide concentration in blood according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silica gel particle size in the blank silica gel segment is 60-80 mesh and the length is 5-15 mm.

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