Combined crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil field gathering and transportation systems, and particularly relates to a combined crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment device which comprises a shell, a pretreatment chamber is arranged at one end in the shell, an ultrasonic demulsification chamber is arranged on one side of the pretreatment chamber, and an electric dehydration settling chamber is arranged on one side of the ultrasonic demulsification chamber. Through the combined design of ultrasonic waves and an electric field, the efficiency and adaptability of crude oil dehydration and desalination are improved, oil-in-water and water-in-oil particles can be effectively opened through the mechanical oscillation effect generated by the ultrasonic generator in the ultrasonic demulsification chamber, free-state oil drops and water drops are formed, and the oil-in-water and water-in-oil particles can be effectively removed. An alternating-current electric field and a direct-current electric field which are respectively formed by the grid plate and the vertical electrode plate can be used for coalescing and settling water drops in oil under the actions of dipole coalescence, oscillation coalescence, electrophoresis coalescence and the like, and due to the synergistic action of the double electric fields, the quality of the dehydrated crude oil is improved, the volume fraction of water in the crude oil is reduced, the power consumption is reduced, and the stability of the electric fields is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of oilfield gathering and transportation systems, and in particular to a combined crude oil dehydration and desalination processing device. Background Art

[0002] In oilfield gathering and transportation systems, crude oil is often accompanied by a significant amount of water during extraction. This water typically contains dissolved chlorides (such as magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, and sodium chloride), sulfur compounds (mercaptans, sulfides, hydrogen sulfide, and thiophenols), oxygen compounds (cyclohexane acids, fatty acids, and phenols), and impurities (metals and ash). These substances can cause the crude oil to form a stable emulsion. The presence of salt and water in crude oil not only complicates storage and transportation but can also cause equipment corrosion, increased energy consumption, catalyst poisoning, pipeline blockage, and even pipe burn-through during processing. Therefore, crude oil must be dehydrated and desalted before processing.

[0003] Currently, traditional crude oil dehydration and desalination technologies mainly include sonochemical and electrolytic dehydration. The sonochemical method radiates sound wave energy into a crude oil emulsion containing a small amount of demulsifier, utilizing ultrasonic effects such as oscillation, cavitation, heat, and negative pressure to break the emulsion membrane and achieve dehydration. Electrolytic dehydration, on the other hand, destroys or weakens the interfacial membrane between crude oil and water particles under the action of an electric field, promoting the merging of water particles.

[0004] However, traditional technologies have obvious shortcomings: although the sonochemical method has good adaptability to various emulsions, its processing efficiency is limited when used alone; the electro-dehydration method is limited by its adaptability to the emulsification system, and has poor stability and economy when treating water-in-oil emulsified crude oil, sewage recovery oil, aged oil and some imported crude oil. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a combined crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment device, which overcomes the shortcomings of the existing technology and effectively solves the problems of limited treatment efficiency of the sonochemical method and poor stability and economy of the electric dehydration method.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A combined crude oil dehydration and desalting device comprises a shell, a pretreatment chamber is provided at one end of the shell, and an ultrasonic demulsification chamber is provided on one side of the pretreatment chamber, an electric dehydration sedimentation chamber is provided on one side of the ultrasonic demulsification chamber, and an air chamber is provided on the top of the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber, a cyclone separator is installed inside the pretreatment chamber, and a water injection agent atomizer is provided on one side of the outer wall of the bottom of the cyclone separator, an oil inlet pipe and a demulsifier inlet pipe are fixedly connected to the outer walls of the cyclone separator and the water injection agent atomizer, respectively, and a flow synchronization mechanism is provided between the oil inlet pipe and the demulsifier inlet pipe, an ultrasonic generator is installed on both sides of the shell inside the ultrasonic demulsification chamber, a circular plate is fixedly connected between the ultrasonic demulsification chamber and the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber, and liquid distribution pipes distributed at equal distances are installed at the bottom of the outer wall of one side of the circular plate; A support is welded inside the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber, and a grid plate is installed on the top outer wall of the support. An array of suspension beams is welded on the top inner wall of the shell at the top of the grid plate, and an insulator is hinged on the bottom outer wall of the suspension beam. A weight hanging plate is hinged on the bottom outer wall of the insulator, and an array of vertical electrode plates is installed on the bottom outer wall of the weight hanging plate. A conductive column is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the weight hanging plate, and a high-voltage electric field introducer is installed on the top outer wall of the shell; The conductive column and the high-voltage electric field introducer are electrically connected, an oil overflow plate is welded to the other end of the shell, and an oil-water separation plate is welded to the outer wall on one side of the oil overflow plate, and an oil-water interface adjustment component is provided on the outer wall of the top of the shell on one side of the oil-water separation plate.

[0007] Preferably, the water injection agent atomizer includes a nozzle, an anode plate, a cathode plate, a piezoelectric ceramic and an atomizing membrane, wherein the nozzle is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one end of the demulsifier inlet pipe, the piezoelectric ceramic is installed inside the nozzle, the anode plate and the cathode plate are respectively bonded to the outer walls on both sides of the piezoelectric ceramic, and the atomizing membrane is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the piezoelectric ceramic.

[0008] Preferably, the flow synchronization mechanism includes a docking plate, a crude oil inlet, a water injection agent inlet, a blocking ring, a blocking head, a guide rod, a connecting plate and a spring, wherein the docking plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the other end of the oil inlet pipe and the demulsifier inlet pipe, the crude oil inlet and the water injection agent inlet are respectively arranged on the inner walls of both sides of the docking plate, the blocking ring is arranged on the inner walls of the crude oil inlet and the water injection agent inlet, the two guide rods are respectively slidably connected to the inner walls of one end of the crude oil inlet and the water injection agent inlet, the blocking head is welded to the outer wall of one end of the guide rod, and the blocking head is arranged on one side of the blocking ring, the connecting plate is fixedly connected between the two guide rods, and the spring is fixedly connected between the connecting plate and the docking plate, wherein the oil inlet pipe and the demulsifier inlet pipe are respectively arranged at the bottom of the crude oil inlet and the water injection agent inlet; The ends of the crude oil inlet and the water injection agent inlet away from the plugging head are fixedly connected to a crude oil inlet pipe and a water injection agent inlet pipe respectively.

[0009] Preferably, the oil overflow plate includes a plate, a water guide port, a gas phase balance notch and an oil overflow notch, wherein the plate is welded to the inner wall of the other end of the shell, the water guide port is opened at the bottom of the outer wall on one side of the plate, and the gas phase balance notch and the oil overflow notch are both opened on the top outer wall of the plate, wherein the gas phase balance notch is located at the top of the water guide port, and the oil-water separation plate is located between the oil overflow notch and the gas phase balance notch.

[0010] Preferably, a water chamber and an oil chamber are respectively provided on both sides of the oil-water separation plate, wherein the oil-water interface adjustment component is located inside the water chamber, and the oil-water interface adjustment component includes a guide sleeve, an adjustable water weir tube and a screw rod, wherein the guide sleeve is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the oil-water separation plate by screws, the adjustable water weir tube is slidably connected to the inner wall of the guide sleeve, and the screw rod is screwed on the top inner wall of the adjustable water weir tube, wherein one end of the bottom outer wall of the adjustable water weir tube is located on one side of the water guide port.

[0011] Preferably, a first-stage demister is installed through the inner wall of the top of the circular plate, and a serpentine liquid removal plate group is welded to the outer wall of one side of the first-stage demister. The outer wall of the top of the shell is located at the top of the air chamber and is respectively installed with a gas outlet mist catcher, a pressure gauge and a safety discharge pipe, wherein the gas outlet mist catcher is located between the pressure gauge and the safety discharge pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom inner walls of the pretreatment chamber and the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber are both welded with sewage pipes, and the bottom inner wall of the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber is welded with an intermediate layer collection pipe below the grid plate, the top outer wall of the intermediate layer collection pipe is located between the grid plate and the vertical electrode plate, and the bottom inner walls of the oil chamber and the water chamber are respectively welded with an oil drain pipe and a water drain pipe.

[0013] Preferably, adjacently distributed stratified sampling tubes are welded to the outer wall of one side of the shell located at the side of the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber, and oil-water interface meter tubes distributed vertically are welded to the outer wall of one side of the shell located at the side of the stratified sampling tube.

[0014] Preferably, the other end of the top outer wall of the shell is respectively welded with a top-mounted liquid level gauge interface on the top of the oil chamber and the water chamber, and the outer wall of the other end of the shell is welded with an array-distributed horizontal liquid level gauge interface.

[0015] Preferably, a manhole is installed on the outer wall of the other side of the shell located on the other side of the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber and the water chamber.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The combined crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment device of the present invention improves the efficiency and adaptability of crude oil dehydration and desalination through the combined design of ultrasonic waves and electric fields. The mechanical oscillation generated by the ultrasonic generator in the ultrasonic demulsification chamber can effectively break up oil-in-water and water-in-oil particles, forming free oil and water droplets. The AC and DC electric fields formed by the grid plate and the vertical electrode plate respectively can cause the water droplets in the oil to coalesce and settle through dipole coalescence, oscillation coalescence, and electrophoretic coalescence. The synergistic effect of the dual electric fields not only improves the quality of the dehydrated crude oil and reduces the volume fraction of water in the crude oil, but also reduces power consumption and enhances the stability of the electric field. The combined crude oil dehydration and desalting treatment device of the present invention has a flow synchronization mechanism that achieves synchronous flow regulation of crude oil and demulsifier. Through the coordination of components such as the docking plate, crude oil inlet, and water injection agent inlet, and the linkage of a spring and a guide rod, the plugging head automatically adjusts its opening according to flow changes, ensuring that crude oil and demulsifier enter the device in proportion, avoiding the demulsification effect affected by flow mismatch, and improving the stability of the treatment process and the utilization rate of the reagent. The combined crude oil dehydration and desalination processing device of the present invention combines an oil overflow plate, an oil-water separator plate and an oil-water interface adjustment component to achieve efficient oil-water separation and interface control. The water guide port, the gas phase balance gap and the oil overflow gap on the oil overflow plate cooperate with the oil-water separator plate to divide the interior of the shell into an oil chamber and a water chamber. The adjustable water weir pipe in the oil-water interface adjustment component is adjusted in height by a screw rod. By utilizing the communicating vessel principle and the oil-water density difference, the oil-water interface of the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber can be precisely controlled to stabilize it at a height that is conducive to water washing and electric field action, thereby ensuring optimal water washing effect and electric field reliability. At the same time, the gas phase balance gap is used to maintain air pressure balance, ensuring stable operation of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of a combined crude oil dehydration and desalination device proposed by the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of a combined crude oil dehydration and desalination device proposed by the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the internal structure of the shell of a combined crude oil dehydration and desalination device proposed by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a front view of the internal structure of the shell of a combined crude oil dehydration and desalination device proposed by the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the grid plate and the vertical electrode plate of a combined crude oil dehydration and desalination device proposed by the present invention; Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the oil spill plate connection structure of a combined crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment device proposed by the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an oil-water interface adjustment component of a combined crude oil dehydration and desalting device proposed by the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the oil overflow plate structure of a combined crude oil dehydration and desalination device proposed by the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic structural diagram of a first-stage defoamer and a serpentine deliquescence plate assembly of a combined crude oil dehydration and desalting device proposed by the present invention; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the flow synchronization mechanism connection structure of a combined crude oil dehydration and desalination device proposed by the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the flow synchronization mechanism connection structure of a combined crude oil dehydration and desalination device proposed by the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 12 for Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part A.

[0018] In the figure: 1. Shell; 2. Pretreatment chamber; 3. Ultrasonic demulsification chamber; 4. Electric dehydration sedimentation chamber; 5. Air chamber; 6. Cyclone separator; 7. Water injection agent atomizer; 71. Nozzle; 72. Anode plate; 73. Cathode plate; 74. Piezoelectric ceramic; 75. Atomizing membrane; 8. Oil inlet pipe; 9. Demulsifier inlet pipe; 10. Flow synchronization mechanism; 101. Docking plate; 102. Crude oil inlet port; 103. Water injection agent inlet port; 104. Blocking ring; 105. Blocking head; 106. Guide rod; 107. Connecting plate; 108. Spring; 11. Ultrasonic generator; 12. Circular plate; 13. Liquid distribution pipe; 14. Support member; 15. Grid plate; 16. Suspension beam; 17. Insulator; 18. Suspension weight plate; 19. Vertical electrode plate; 20. Conductive column; 21. High-voltage electric field introducer; 22. Oil overflow plate; 221. Plate; 222. Water guide port; 223. Gas phase equilibrium gap; 224. Oil overflow gap; 23. Oil-water separator; 24. Oil-water interface adjustment assembly; 241. Guide sleeve; 242. Adjustable water weir pipe; 243. Screw; 25. First-stage demister; 26. Serpentine deliquescence plate assembly; 27. Gas outlet mist collector; 28. Pressure gauge; 29. ​​Safety discharge pipe; 30. Drain pipe; 31. Intermediate layer collection pipe; 32. Oil discharge pipe; 33. Drain pipe; 34. Stratified sampling pipe; 35. Oil-water interface meter tube; 36. Top-mounted liquid level gauge interface; 37. Horizontal liquid level gauge interface; 38. Manhole; 39. Water injection agent inlet pipe; 40. Crude oil inlet pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0020] Reference Figures 1-12 , Example 1, a combined crude oil dehydration and desalting treatment device, comprising a shell 1, a pretreatment chamber 2 is provided at one end of the shell 1, and an ultrasonic demulsification chamber 3 is provided on one side of the pretreatment chamber 2, an electric dehydration sedimentation chamber 4 is provided on one side of the ultrasonic demulsification chamber 3, and an air chamber 5 is provided on the top of the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber 4, a cyclone separator 6 is installed inside the pretreatment chamber 2, and a water injection agent atomizer 7 is provided on one side of the outer wall of the bottom of the cyclone separator 6, an oil inlet pipe 8 and a demulsifier inlet pipe 9 are fixedly connected to the outer walls of the cyclone separator 6 and the water injection agent atomizer 7, respectively, and a flow synchronization mechanism 10 is provided between the oil inlet pipe 8 and the demulsifier inlet pipe 9, an ultrasonic generator 11 is installed on both sides of the shell 1 inside the ultrasonic demulsification chamber 3, a circular plate 12 is fixedly connected between the ultrasonic demulsification chamber 3 and the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber 4, and liquid distribution pipes 13 distributed at equal distances are installed at the bottom of the outer wall of one side of the circular plate 12; The water injection agent atomizer 7 includes a nozzle 71, an anode plate 72, a cathode plate 73, a piezoelectric ceramic 74 and an atomizing membrane 75, wherein the nozzle 71 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one end of the demulsifier inlet pipe 9, the piezoelectric ceramic 74 is installed inside the nozzle 71, the anode plate 72 and the cathode plate 73 are respectively bonded to the outer walls of both sides of the piezoelectric ceramic 74, and the atomizing membrane 75 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the piezoelectric ceramic 74; A first-stage demister 25 is installed through the inner wall of the top of the circular plate 12, and a serpentine liquid removal plate group 26 is welded to the outer wall of one side of the first-stage demister 25. The top outer wall of the shell 1 is located at the top of the air chamber 5 and is respectively installed with a gas outlet mist catcher 27, a pressure gauge 28 and a safety discharge pipe 29, wherein the gas outlet mist catcher 27 is located between the pressure gauge 28 and the safety discharge pipe 29.

[0021] The flow synchronization mechanism 10 includes a docking plate 101, a crude oil inlet 102, a water injection agent inlet 103, a blocking ring 104, a blocking head 105, a guide rod 106, a connecting plate 107 and a spring 108, wherein the docking plate 101 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the other end of the oil inlet pipe 8 and the demulsifier inlet pipe 9, the crude oil inlet 102 and the water injection agent inlet 103 are respectively arranged on the inner walls of both sides of the docking plate 101, and the blocking ring 104 is arranged on the inner walls of the crude oil inlet 102 and the water injection agent inlet 103. On the upper part, two guide rods 106 are respectively slidably connected to the inner wall of one end of the crude oil inlet 102 and the water injection agent inlet 103, the plugging head 105 is welded to the outer wall of one end of the guide rod 106, and the plugging head 105 is arranged on one side of the blocking ring 104, the connecting plate 107 is fixedly connected between the two guide rods 106, and the spring 108 is fixedly connected between the connecting plate 107 and the docking plate 101, wherein the oil inlet pipe 8 and the demulsifier inlet pipe 9 are respectively arranged at the bottom of the crude oil inlet 102 and the water injection agent inlet 103; The ends of the crude oil inlet 102 and the water injection agent inlet 103 away from the plugging head 105 are fixedly connected to the crude oil inlet pipe 40 and the water injection agent inlet pipe 39 respectively.

[0022] Through the above scheme, the pretreatment chamber 2, ultrasonic demulsification chamber 3, electric dehydration sedimentation chamber 4 and gas chamber 5 are sequentially arranged inside the shell 1. Each chamber realizes different processing functions through internal components, providing complete physical space and structural support for crude oil dehydration and desalination, ensuring stable operation of the device under high pressure and high temperature conditions; Ultrasonic generators 11 on either side of the ultrasonic demulsification chamber 3 emit ultrasonic waves, causing cavitation demulsification and oscillation coalescence of the water-containing crude oil. This improves the device's adaptability to diverse oil products and effectively addresses the ineffective treatment of complex oils by conventional technologies. Liquid distribution pipes 13 at the bottom of the circular plate 12 evenly distribute the demulsified crude oil into the water at the bottom of the electric dehydration settling chamber 4. Water washing dissolves salts in the aqueous phase, achieving desalination and ensuring the crude oil's salt content meets regulatory standards.

[0023] The cyclone separator 6 in the pretreatment chamber 2 can separate the incoming liquid into gas and liquid. The separated associated gas is discharged after being processed by the primary demister 25, the serpentine liquid removal plate group 26 and the gas outlet mist catcher 27. This reduces the corrosion of the equipment caused by the liquid entrained in the gas, ensures the stability of the internal environment of the device, and prevents the gas from interfering with the subsequent processing links. The water injection agent atomizer 7 atomizes the demulsifier or washing water through the vibration of the piezoelectric ceramic 74, which fully contacts the oil-water mixture to achieve preliminary water washing and demulsification, improve the mixing efficiency of the agent and crude oil, and lay the foundation for subsequent deep treatment.

[0024] In this embodiment, the flow synchronization mechanism 10 is provided to achieve synchronous flow regulation of crude oil and demulsifier. Through the coordination of components such as the docking plate 101, the crude oil inlet 102, and the water injection agent inlet 103, and the linkage of the spring 108 and the guide rod 106, the plugging head 105 automatically adjusts its opening according to flow changes, ensuring that crude oil and demulsifier enter the device in proportion, avoiding the demulsification effect affected by flow mismatch, and improving the stability of the treatment process and the utilization rate of the reagent.

[0025] In the second embodiment, a support 14 is welded inside the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber 4, and a grid plate 15 is installed on the top outer wall of the support 14. An array-distributed suspension beam 16 is welded on the top inner wall of the shell 1 at the top of the grid plate 15, and an insulator 17 is hinged on the bottom outer wall of the suspension beam 16. A weight hanging plate 18 is hinged on the bottom outer wall of the insulator 17, and an array-distributed vertical electrode plate 19 is installed on the bottom outer wall of the weight hanging plate 18. A conductive column 20 is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the weight hanging plate 18, and a high-voltage electric field introducer 21 is installed on the top outer wall of the shell 1.

[0026] Through the above scheme, the grid plate 15 and the vertical electrode plate 19 in the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber 4 respectively form an AC electric field and a DC electric field to dehydrate the crude oil in turn. The synergistic effect of the dual electric fields improves the dehydration efficiency and quality, making the water content of the crude oil extremely low.

[0027] In this embodiment, the efficiency and adaptability of crude oil dehydration and desalination are improved through the combined design of ultrasound and electric fields. The mechanical oscillation generated by the ultrasonic generator 11 in the ultrasonic demulsification chamber 3 can effectively break up oil-in-water and water-in-oil particles, forming free oil droplets and water droplets. The AC electric field and DC electric field formed by the grid plate 15 and the vertical electrode plate 19, respectively, can cause the water droplets in the oil to coalesce and settle through dipole coalescence, oscillation coalescence, and electrophoretic coalescence. The synergistic effect of the dual electric fields not only improves the quality of the dehydrated crude oil and reduces the volume fraction of water in the crude oil, but also reduces power consumption and enhances the stability of the electric field.

[0028] In the third embodiment, the conductive column 20 is electrically connected to the high-voltage electric field introducer 21, an oil overflow plate 22 is welded to the other end of the interior of the housing 1, and an oil-water separator 23 is welded to the outer wall of one side of the oil overflow plate 22. An oil-water interface adjustment component 24 is provided on the outer wall of the top of the housing 1 on one side of the oil-water separator 23; The oil overflow plate 22 includes a plate 221, a water guide port 222, a gas phase balance notch 223 and an oil overflow notch 224, wherein the plate 221 is welded to the inner wall of the other end of the shell 1, the water guide port 222 is opened at the bottom of the outer wall of one side of the plate 221, and the gas phase balance notch 223 and the oil overflow notch 224 are both opened on the top outer wall of the plate 221, wherein the gas phase balance notch 223 is located at the top of the water guide port 222, and the oil-water separator 23 is located between the oil overflow notch 224 and the gas phase balance notch 223; A water chamber and an oil chamber are respectively provided on both sides of the oil-water separation plate 23, wherein the oil-water interface adjustment component 24 is located inside the water chamber, and the oil-water interface adjustment component 24 includes a guide sleeve 241, an adjustable water weir tube 242 and a screw rod 243, wherein the guide sleeve 241 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the oil-water separation plate 23 by screws, the adjustable water weir tube 242 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the guide sleeve 241, and the screw rod 243 is screwed on the top inner wall of the adjustable water weir tube 242, wherein one end of the bottom outer wall of the adjustable water weir tube 242 is located on one side of the water guide port 222.

[0029] Through the above solution, the oil overflow plate 22 cooperates with the oil-water separator 23 to separate the treated crude oil and water into the oil chamber and the water chamber, achieving oil-water separation and preparing for subsequent collection and discharge. The oil-water interface adjustment assembly 24 uses a screw 243 to adjust the height of the adjustable water weir tube 242, precisely controlling the oil-water interface, ensuring water washing efficiency and electric field stability, and solving the problem of inaccurate interface adjustment in traditional devices.

[0030] In this embodiment, the combination of the oil overflow plate 22, the oil-water separation plate 23 and the oil-water interface adjustment component 24 realizes efficient oil-water separation and interface control. The water inlet 222, the gas phase balance notch 223 and the oil overflow notch 224 on the oil overflow plate 22 cooperate with the oil-water separation plate 23 to divide the interior of the shell 1 into an oil chamber and a water chamber. The adjustable water weir tube 242 in the oil-water interface adjustment component 24 is adjusted in height by the screw rod 243. By utilizing the principle of communicating vessels and the density difference between oil and water, the oil-water interface of the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber 4 can be precisely controlled to stabilize it at a height that is conducive to water washing and electric field action, thereby ensuring the best water washing effect and electric field reliability. At the same time, the gas phase balance notch 223 is used to maintain air pressure balance to ensure stable operation of the device.

[0031] The bottom inner walls of the pretreatment chamber 2 and the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber 4 are both welded with a sewage pipe 30, and the bottom inner wall of the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber 4 is welded with an intermediate layer collection pipe 31 below the grid plate 15. The top outer wall of the intermediate layer collection pipe 31 is located between the grid plate 15 and the vertical electrode plate 19. The bottom inner walls of the oil chamber and the water chamber are respectively welded with an oil drain pipe 32 and a water drain pipe 33.

[0032] Through the above solution, the sewage pipe 30, the intermediate layer collection pipe 31, the oil drain pipe 32, the water drain pipe 33 and other pipelines provided on the shell 1 facilitate the discharge of impurities and the collection of processed oil and water, thereby maintaining the cleanliness of the interior of the device.

[0033] The outer wall of one side of the shell 1 is located on one side of the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber 4 and is welded with adjacent stratified sampling tubes 34, and the outer wall of one side of the shell 1 is located on one side of the stratified sampling tube 34 and is welded with oil-water interface meter tubes 35 distributed up and down. The other end of the top outer wall of the shell 1 is respectively located on the top of the oil chamber and the water chamber and is welded with a top-mounted liquid level gauge interface 36, and the outer wall of the other end of the shell 1 is welded with an array-distributed horizontal liquid level gauge interface 37.

[0034] Through the above scheme, the instrument interfaces such as the stratified sampling tube 34, the oil-water interface meter tube 35, and the top-mounted liquid level gauge interface 36 can monitor the internal status of the device in real time, provide accurate data to the operator, and facilitate timely adjustment of operating parameters.

[0035] The outer wall of the other side of the shell 1 is located on the other side of the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber 4 and the other side of the water chamber. A manhole 38 is installed.

[0036] Through the above solution, the provision of the manhole 38 facilitates equipment maintenance and cleaning, reduces maintenance costs and downtime, and ensures long-term stable operation of the device.

[0037] Working Principle: Water-containing crude oil from the station enters the cyclone separator 6 of the pretreatment chamber 2 through the oil inlet pipe 8, where the associated gas is separated by cyclonic flow. The associated gas then flows along the tank top through the primary demister 25 to break up the foam, then passes through the serpentine degassing plate group 26 to coalesce the liquid droplets, and is finally discharged from the gas outlet mist collector 27, completing the gas-liquid separation and reducing the impact of the gas on subsequent treatment.

[0038] The separated oil-water mixture enters the bottom of pretreatment chamber 2, where it mixes with demulsifier or wash water injected by water injection atomizer 7 to dissolve impurities, undergoing preliminary washing and demulsification. The mixture then enters ultrasonic demulsification chamber 3, where ultrasonic generator 11 breaks up the emulsified oil particles, forming free oil and water droplets.

[0039] After demulsification, the crude oil enters the water at the bottom of the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber 4 through the liquid distribution pipe 13, and is washed with water to dissolve the salt in the aqueous phase. During the floating process of the crude oil, it first passes through the AC electric field between the grid plate 15 and the vertical electrode plate 19, and is dehydrated mainly by dipole coalescence and oscillation coalescence. Then it enters the DC electric field between the vertical electrode plates 19, and is further dehydrated mainly by electrophoretic coalescence, so that the water content of the crude oil is extremely low.

[0040] When the dehydrated crude oil floats to the height of the oil overflow notch 224 of the oil overflow plate 22, it enters the oil chamber and is discharged through the oil drain pipe 32 under the action of the gas phase pressure; the dehydrated water gathers at the bottom of the device, enters the water chamber through the water guide port 222, and is regulated by the adjustable water weir pipe 242 and then discharged through the drain pipe 33.

[0041] The electric dehydration settling chamber 4 and the adjustable water weir tube 242 within the water chamber form a communicating vessel, while the gas phase equilibrium notch 223 of the oil overflow plate 22 maintains gas pressure balance. By adjusting the height of the adjustable water weir tube 242, the oil-water interface is controlled by utilizing the communicating vessel principle and the oil-water density difference, ensuring optimal water washing and electric field effects. Throughout the entire process, the flow synchronization mechanism 10 adjusts the flow ratio of crude oil to demulsifier in real time, and various instrument interfaces monitor the device status in real time to ensure stable and efficient operation.

[0042] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined crude oil dehydration and desalination treatment device, comprising a housing (1), characterized in that: A pretreatment chamber (2) is provided at one end of the interior of the shell (1), and an ultrasonic demulsification chamber (3) is provided on one side of the pretreatment chamber (2), an electric dehydration sedimentation chamber (4) is provided on one side of the ultrasonic dehydration sedimentation chamber (3), and an air chamber (5) is provided on the top of the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber (4), a cyclone separator (6) is installed inside the pretreatment chamber (2), and a water injection agent atomizer (7) is provided on one side of the bottom outer wall of the cyclone separator (6), the cyclone separator (6) and the water injection agent atomizer (7) ) are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the shell (1), and an oil inlet pipe (8) and a demulsifier inlet pipe (9) are respectively fixedly connected, and a flow synchronization mechanism (10) is provided between the oil inlet pipe (8) and the demulsifier inlet pipe (9), an ultrasonic generator (11) is installed on both sides of the shell (1) inside the ultrasonic demulsification chamber (3), a circular plate (12) is fixedly connected between the ultrasonic demulsification chamber (3) and the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber (4), and liquid distribution pipes (13) are installed at equal distances at the bottom of the outer wall of one side of the circular plate (12); A support member (14) is welded inside the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber (4), and a grid plate (15) is installed on the top outer wall of the support member (14); an array-distributed suspension beam (16) is welded on the top inner wall of the housing (1) located on the top of the grid plate (15); an insulator (17) is hingedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the suspension beam (16); a weight hanging plate (18) is hingedly connected to the bottom outer wall of the insulator (17); and an array-distributed vertical electrode plate (19) is installed on the bottom outer wall of the weight hanging plate (18); a conductive column (20) is fixedly connected to the top outer wall of the weight hanging plate (18), and a high-voltage electric field introducer (21) is installed on the top outer wall of the housing (1); The conductive column (20) and the high-voltage electric field introducer (21) are electrically connected, an oil overflow plate (22) is welded to the other end of the interior of the shell (1), and an oil-water separation plate (23) is welded to the outer wall of one side of the oil overflow plate (22), and an oil-water interface adjustment component (24) is provided on the outer wall of the top of the shell (1) on one side of the oil-water separation plate (23).

2. The combined crude oil dehydration and desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water injection agent atomizer (7) comprises a nozzle (71), an anode plate (72), a cathode plate (73), a piezoelectric ceramic (74) and an atomizing membrane (75), wherein the nozzle (71) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one end of the demulsifier inlet pipe (9), the piezoelectric ceramic (74) is installed inside the nozzle (71), the anode plate (72) and the cathode plate (73) are respectively bonded to the outer walls on both sides of the piezoelectric ceramic (74), and the atomizing membrane (75) is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the piezoelectric ceramic (74).

3. The combined crude oil dehydration and desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow synchronization mechanism (10) comprises a docking plate (101), a crude oil inlet (102), a water injection agent inlet (103), a blocking ring (104), a blocking head (105), a guide rod (106), a connecting plate (107) and a spring (108), wherein the docking plate (101) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the other end of the oil inlet pipe (8) and the demulsifier inlet pipe (9), the crude oil inlet (102) and the water injection agent inlet (103) are respectively arranged on the inner walls of both sides of the docking plate (101), and the blocking ring (104) is arranged between the crude oil inlet (102) and the water injection agent inlet (103). On the inner wall, two guide rods (106) are respectively slidably connected to the inner wall of one end of the crude oil inlet (102) and the water injection agent inlet (103); a plugging head (105) is welded to the outer wall of one end of the guide rod (106), and the plugging head (105) is arranged on one side of the plugging ring (104); a connecting plate (107) is fixedly connected between the two guide rods (106); a spring (108) is fixedly connected between the connecting plate (107) and the docking plate (101); wherein, an oil inlet pipe (8) and an emulsifier inlet pipe (9) are respectively arranged at the bottom of the crude oil inlet (102) and the water injection agent inlet (103); The ends of the crude oil inlet (102) and the water injection agent inlet (103) away from the plugging head (105) are fixedly connected to a crude oil inlet pipe (40) and a water injection agent inlet pipe (39), respectively.

4. The combined crude oil dehydration and desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil overflow plate (22) comprises a plate (221), a water guide port (222), a gas phase balance notch (223) and an oil overflow notch (224), wherein the plate (221) is welded to the inner wall of the other end of the shell (1), the water guide port (222) is opened at the bottom of the outer wall of one side of the plate (221), and the gas phase balance notch (223) and the oil overflow notch (224) are both opened on the top outer wall of the plate (221), wherein the gas phase balance notch (223) is located at the top of the water guide port (222), and the oil-water separation plate (23) is located between the oil overflow notch (224) and the gas phase balance notch (223).

5. The combined crude oil dehydration and desalination device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A water chamber and an oil chamber are respectively provided on both sides of the oil-water separation plate (23), wherein an oil-water interface adjustment component (24) is located inside the water chamber, and the oil-water interface adjustment component (24) comprises a guide sleeve (241), an adjustable water weir pipe (242) and a screw rod (243), wherein the guide sleeve (241) is fixedly connected to an outer wall of one side of the oil-water separation plate (23) by screws, the adjustable water weir pipe (242) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the guide sleeve (241), and the screw rod (243) is screwed to the top inner wall of the adjustable water weir pipe (242), wherein one end of the bottom outer wall of the adjustable water weir pipe (242) is located on one side of the water guide port (222).

6. The combined crude oil dehydration and desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first-stage demister (25) is installed through the inner wall of the top of the circular plate (12), and a serpentine liquid removal plate group (26) is welded to the outer wall of one side of the first-stage demister (25). A gas outlet mist catcher (27), a pressure gauge (28) and a safety discharge pipe (29) are installed on the outer wall of the top of the shell (1) at the top of the air chamber (5), respectively, wherein the gas outlet mist catcher (27) is located between the pressure gauge (28) and the safety discharge pipe (29).

7. The combined crude oil dehydration and desalination device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom inner walls of the pretreatment chamber (2) and the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber (4) are both welded with a sewage pipe (30), and the bottom inner wall of the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber (4) is welded with an intermediate layer collection pipe (31) located below the grid plate (15), and the top outer wall of the intermediate layer collection pipe (31) is located between the grid plate (15) and the vertical electrode plate (19). The bottom inner walls of the oil chamber and the water chamber are respectively welded with an oil drain pipe (32) and a water drain pipe (33).

8. The combined crude oil dehydration and desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Adjacently distributed stratified sampling tubes (34) are welded to the outer wall of one side of the shell (1) located on one side of the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber (4), and oil-water interface meter tubes (35) distributed vertically are welded to the outer wall of one side of the shell (1) located on one side of the stratified sampling tube (34).

9. The combined crude oil dehydration and desalination device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The other end of the top outer wall of the shell (1) is respectively welded with a top-mounted liquid level gauge interface (36) at the top of the oil chamber and the water chamber, and the other end outer wall of the shell (1) is welded with an array-distributed horizontal liquid level gauge interface (37).

10. The combined crude oil dehydration and desalination device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A manhole (38) is installed on the outer wall of the other side of the shell (1) located on the other side of the electric dehydration sedimentation chamber (4) and the water chamber.

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