Agricultural waste composting fermentation method

Abstract

The invention discloses an agricultural waste compost fermentation method which comprises the following steps: preparing a main material, an auxiliary material and a microbial agent, mixing the main material and the auxiliary material according to a carbon-nitrogen ratio of about 25: 1 and an initial water content of 65-70%, if the microbial agent is added, spraying the microbial agent according to 5% of the compost volume, and uniformly mixing; and loading the mixture into an aerobic composting device. The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural waste resource utilization, in particular to an agricultural waste compost fermentation method, which comprises the following steps: adding bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum or EM bacteria to accelerate organic matter decomposition and improve compost maturity; meat and bone meal and weathered coal are used as auxiliary materials, so that C / N and water content are effectively adjusted, the composting environment is optimized, and the composting quality is improved; the aerobic composting device provides sufficient oxygen to promote aerobic fermentation, shorten the composting period and reduce peculiar smell; the method is suitable for resource utilization of agricultural wastes such as cabbage residues and corn straws, and dual benefits of environmental protection and resource recovery are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural waste resource utilization, and in particular to an agricultural waste composting and fermentation method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of agricultural production, agricultural wastes such as cabbage tails and corn stalks are produced in large quantities. If they are not handled properly, they can easily cause environmental pollution. Traditional composting methods have problems such as low fermentation efficiency and unstable compost quality. Microbial agents can accelerate the decomposition of organic matter, and auxiliary materials (such as meat and bone meal, weathered coal) can adjust parameters such as the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) to improve the composting effect. However, the prior art lacks optimized composting methods for specific agricultural wastes (cabbage tails, corn stalks), as well as supporting microbial agents and auxiliary material combinations. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an efficient and stable agricultural waste composting fermentation method. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a composting and fermentation method for agricultural waste, which achieves rapid decomposition of agricultural waste and improves the quality of compost by rationally selecting main materials, auxiliary materials, and microbial agents, optimizing composting process parameters, and utilizing aerobic composting equipment.

[0004] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0005] A composting and fermentation method for agricultural waste comprises the following steps:

[0006] (1) preparing a main ingredient, auxiliary ingredients, and a microbial agent, wherein the main ingredient is Chinese cabbage tail and corn stalks, the auxiliary ingredients are meat and bone meal and weathered coal, and the microbial agent is selected from Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, or EM bacteria;

[0007] (2) Mix the main ingredients and auxiliary materials at a carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) of about 25:1 and an initial moisture content of 65%-70%. If microbial agents are added, spray them at 5% of the compost volume and mix thoroughly;

[0008] (3) The mixed material is placed in an aerobic composting device (including an air pump, an air flow meter, an aeration plate, a thermometer, and a leachate discharge port), and the ventilation volume is controlled for aerobic fermentation. The composting cycle is 49 days (microbial agent treatment) or 56 days (auxiliary material optimization treatment).

[0009] Preferably, the water content of the cabbage tail is 90.20±0.05%, the total carbon is 34.28±0.14%, the total nitrogen is 4.00±0.12%, and the C / N is 8.57±0.16; the water content of the corn straw is 10.90±0.35%, the total carbon is 39.75±0.06%, the total nitrogen is 0.51±0.21%, and the C / N is 77.94±0.22.

[0010] Preferably, the moisture content of the meat and bone meal is 10.00±0.13%, total carbon is 60.41±0.08%, total nitrogen is 8.63±0.30%, and C / N is 7.00±0.13; the moisture content of weathered coal is 21.41±0.07%, total carbon is 69.07±0.03%, total nitrogen is 0.80±0.12%, and C / N is 86.34±0.11.

[0011] Preferably, the microbial agent comprises:

[0012] Bacillus subtilis is a water-soluble powder with a viable count of ≥40 billion / g;

[0013] Trichoderma harzianum is a water-soluble powder with a viable count of ≥ 1 billion / g;

[0014] EM bacteria is a powder containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, mycelial fungi, and actinomycetes, with a live bacteria count of ≥20 billion / g.

[0015] Preferably, the single-factor experimental design includes:

[0016] Control treatment (CK): no microbial agent was added;

[0017] Treatment T1: addition of Bacillus subtilis;

[0018] Treatment T2: addition of Trichoderma harzianum;

[0019] Treatment T3: adding EM bacteria;

[0020] Each treatment was replicated three times and composting lasted for 49 days.

[0021] Preferably, the excipient optimization test design includes:

[0022] Treatment T1: cabbage tail + corn straw (C / N 25.00, moisture content 67.54 ± 0.87%);

[0023] Treatment T2: Addition of meat and bone meal (material composition: 2.00 kg of cabbage tail, 6.05 kg of corn straw, 0.20 kg of meat and bone meal, C / N 25.05, moisture content 66.39 ± 0.14%);

[0024] Treatment T3: adding weathered coal (material composition: 2.50 kg of cabbage tails, 5.65 kg of corn straw, 0.25 kg of weathered coal, C / N 25.05, moisture content 68.23 ± 0.88%);

[0025] Treatment T4: meat and bone meal and weathered coal were added simultaneously (material composition: 2.34 kg of cabbage tails, 6.36 kg of corn stalks, 0.30 kg of meat and bone meal, 0.60 kg of weathered coal, C / N ratio 25.10, moisture content 69.83 ± 0.09%);

[0026] Each treatment was composted in 8 L fermenters for 56 days.

[0027] Preferably, the aerobic composting device controls ventilation volume through an air pump and an air flow meter, aeration is evenly aerated by an aeration plate, a thermometer monitors the temperature of the compost in real time, and a leachate discharge port regularly discharges excess leachate, thereby achieving dynamic regulation of the aerobic fermentation environment.

[0028] Preferably, during the composting process, the amount of microbial agent added is 5% of the volume of the compost, and is sprayed onto the pile and mixed to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and the maturity of the compost.

[0029] Preferably, when the main ingredients and auxiliary ingredients are mixed, the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) is strictly controlled to be about 25:1, and the initial moisture content is 65%-70%, to ensure the best growth environment for composting microorganisms.

[0030] Preferably, the compost fermentation cycle is 49 days (microbial agent treatment) or 56 days (auxiliary material optimization treatment) depending on the treatment type, during which ventilation adjustment or compost turning operations are performed to ensure fermentation uniformity and efficiency.

[0031] The embodiment of the present invention adopts the above technical solution, which has the following advantages:

[0032] By adding Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum or EM bacteria, the decomposition of organic matter is accelerated and the maturity of the compost is improved; meat and bone meal and weathered coal are used as auxiliary materials to effectively adjust the C / N and moisture content, optimize the composting environment, and improve the quality of the compost; an aerobic composting device (with an aeration system) provides sufficient oxygen to promote aerobic fermentation, shorten the composting cycle, and reduce odor generation; this method is suitable for the resource utilization of agricultural waste such as cabbage tails and corn stalks, achieving the dual benefits of environmental protection and resource recycling.

[0033] The above summary is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments and features described above, further aspects, embodiments and features of the present invention will be readily apparent by reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or technical descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the composting fermentation method of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a characteristic diagram of the microbial agent of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a comparison diagram of the auxiliary material processing of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the composting reaction device of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a structural description diagram of the composting reaction device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Hereinafter, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the described embodiments may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are to be considered as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.

[0041] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," "symmetrical," "array," etc. are used only to distinguish descriptions from positional descriptions and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, limitations on features such as "first" and "symmetrical" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features; similarly, when the number of certain features is not limited in the form of words such as "two" or "three," it should be noted that these features also explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the number of features.

[0042] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, terms such as "installation," "connection," and "fixation" should be understood broadly; for example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral molding; they may refer to mechanical connection, direct connection, welding, or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they may refer to internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will be able to understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specification and drawings in conjunction with specific circumstances.

[0043] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] like Figure 1-5 The present invention provides a method for composting and fermenting agricultural waste, comprising the following steps:

[0045] (1) preparing main ingredients, auxiliary ingredients, and microbial agents, wherein the main ingredients are Chinese cabbage tails and corn stalks, the auxiliary ingredients are meat and bone meal and weathered coal, and the microbial agent is selected from Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, or EM bacteria;

[0046] (2) Mix the main ingredients and auxiliary materials at a carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) of about 25:1 and an initial moisture content of 65%-70%. If microbial agents are added, spray them at 5% of the compost volume and mix thoroughly;

[0047] (3) The mixed material is placed in an aerobic composting device (including an air pump, an air flow meter, an aeration plate, a thermometer, and a leachate discharge port), and the ventilation volume is controlled for aerobic fermentation. The composting cycle is 49 days (microbial agent treatment) or 56 days (auxiliary material optimization treatment).

[0048] like Figure 1-5 As shown, the moisture content of cabbage tail is 90.20±0.05%, total carbon is 34.28±0.14%, total nitrogen is 4.00±0.12%, and C / N is 8.57±0.16; the moisture content of corn straw is 10.90±0.35%, total carbon is 39.75±0.06%, total nitrogen is 0.51±0.21%, and C / N is 77.94±0.22; the moisture content of meat and bone meal is 10.00±0.13%, total carbon is 60.41±0.08%, total nitrogen is 8.63±0.30%, and C / N is 7.00±0.13; the moisture content of weathered coal is 21.41±0.07%, total carbon is 69.07±0.03%, total nitrogen is 0.80±0.12%, and C / N is 86.34±0.11.

[0049] like Figure 1-5 As shown, in microbial agents:

[0050] Bacillus subtilis is a water-soluble powder with a viable count of ≥40 billion / g;

[0051] Trichoderma harzianum is a water-soluble powder with a viable count of ≥ 1 billion / g;

[0052] EM bacteria is a powder containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, hyphae, and actinomycetes, with a viable count of ≥20 billion / g;

[0053] Single-factor experimental designs include:

[0054] Control treatment (CK): no microbial agent was added;

[0055] Treatment T1: addition of Bacillus subtilis;

[0056] Treatment T2: addition of Trichoderma harzianum;

[0057] Treatment T3: adding EM bacteria;

[0058] Each treatment was replicated three times and composting lasted for 49 days.

[0059] like Figure 1-5 As shown in Figure 2, the excipient optimization experimental design includes:

[0060] Treatment T1: cabbage tail + corn straw (C / N 25.00, moisture content 67.54 ± 0.87%);

[0061] Treatment T2: Addition of meat and bone meal (material composition: 2.00 kg of cabbage tail, 6.05 kg of corn straw, 0.20 kg of meat and bone meal, C / N 25.05, moisture content 66.39 ± 0.14%);

[0062] Treatment T3: adding weathered coal (material composition: 2.50 kg of cabbage tails, 5.65 kg of corn straw, 0.25 kg of weathered coal, C / N 25.05, moisture content 68.23 ± 0.88%);

[0063] Treatment T4: meat and bone meal and weathered coal were added simultaneously (material composition: 2.34 kg of cabbage tails, 6.36 kg of corn stalks, 0.30 kg of meat and bone meal, 0.60 kg of weathered coal, C / N ratio 25.10, moisture content 69.83 ± 0.09%);

[0064] Each treatment was composted in 8 L fermenters for 56 days.

[0065] like Figure 1-5 As shown, the aerobic composting device controls the ventilation volume through an air pump and an air flow meter, the aeration plate provides uniform aeration, the thermometer monitors the temperature of the pile in real time, and the leachate discharge port regularly discharges excess leachate to achieve dynamic regulation of the aerobic fermentation environment. During the composting process, the amount of microbial agent added is 5% of the compost volume. By spraying it on the pile and mixing it evenly, the decomposition of organic matter and the maturity of the compost are accelerated. When the main material and auxiliary material are mixed, the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C / N) is strictly controlled to be around 25:1, and the initial moisture content is 65%-70% to ensure the best growth environment for composting microorganisms. The composting fermentation cycle is 49 days (microbial agent treatment) or 56 days (auxiliary material optimization treatment) according to the treatment type. During this period, ventilation adjustment or turning the pile is performed to ensure fermentation uniformity and efficiency.

[0066] In this embodiment, the present invention is specifically designed to work as follows:

[0067] 1. Material Preparation

[0068] Main material processing

[0069] Cabbage tails: collected from the cafeteria, crushed and stored at 4°C. Physical and chemical parameters: moisture content 90.20±0.05%, total carbon 34.28±0.14%, total nitrogen 4.00±0.12%, C / N 8.57±0.16.

[0070] Corn straw: dried and crushed into 2-3 cm segments, physical and chemical parameters: moisture content 10.90±0.35%, total carbon 39.75±0.06%, total nitrogen 0.51±0.21%, C / N 77.94±0.22.

[0071] Preparation of auxiliary materials

[0072] Meat and bone meal: purchased from the market, moisture content 10.00±0.13%, total carbon 60.41±0.08%, total nitrogen 8.63±0.30%, C / N 7.00±0.13.

[0073] Weathered coal: purchased from the market, moisture content 21.41±0.07%, total carbon 69.07±0.03%, total nitrogen 0.80±0.12%, C / N 86.34±0.11.

[0074] microbial agents

[0075] Bacillus subtilis (≥40 billion / g, water-soluble powder), Trichoderma harzianum (≥1 billion / g, water-soluble powder), and EM bacteria (≥20 billion / g, composite powder) were purchased from professional suppliers.

[0076] 2. Experimental Design and Operation

[0077] (1) Optimization of microbial agents

[0078] Processing Settings

[0079] CK: sterile agent, main ingredients: 2.50 kg of cabbage tail + 6.13 kg of corn straw (C / N 25.00, moisture content 67.54±0.87%).

[0080] T1-T3: 5% (compost volume) of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, and EM bacteria were added respectively. The formula was the same as CK. The method was repeated 3 times, with a total of 12 groups.

[0081] Composting operations

[0082] The compost was placed in an aerobic composting device, aerated with an air pump (initial 0.5 L / min, dynamically adjusted), the temperature was monitored daily (a thermometer was inserted 10 cm into the pile), and the pile was turned every 7 days for 49 days.

[0083] Sampling was carried out on the 0th, 7th and 49th days to test the organic matter, total nitrogen and seed germination index (maturity) and compare the effects of the microbial agents.

[0084] (2) Optimization of auxiliary materials

[0085] Processing Settings

[0086] T1: 2.50 kg of Chinese cabbage tails + 6.13 kg of corn straw (C / N 25.00, moisture content 67.54±0.87%).

[0087] T2-T4: add meat and bone meal (0.20kg), weathered coal (0.25kg), and double auxiliary materials (0.30kg meat and bone meal + 0.60kg weathered coal) respectively, adjust the main material ratio to make the C / N ratio 25.05-25.10, and the moisture content 66.39-69.83%, repeat 3 times, and a total of 12 groups.

[0088] Composting operations

[0089] The fermentation was carried out in an 8L fermentation barrel, and the ventilation volume was controlled. The C / N and moisture content were tested every 10 days, and the ventilation or water addition was adjusted for 56 days.

[0090] After the end, the total phosphorus and total potassium content are tested to evaluate the nutrient improvement of the auxiliary materials.

[0091] 3. Application of composting device

[0092] Ventilation system: air pump + flow meter + aeration disk, providing an aerobic environment (ventilation volume 0.3-1.0L / min, adjusted according to temperature) to promote microbial activity.

[0093] Temperature control: Thermometer is used for real-time monitoring. When the temperature is high (>65℃), ventilation is increased (1.0L / min), when the temperature is medium (40-65℃), it is maintained at 0.5L / min, and when the temperature is low (<40℃), it is reduced to 0.3L / min.

[0094] Leachate management: leachate is discharged every 3 days and back-sprayed to adjust the moisture content (65%-70%) to reduce nutrient loss.

[0095] 4. Parameter Control

[0096] C / N adjustment: Through the precise ratio of auxiliary materials (meat and bone meal to extract nitrogen, weathered coal to extract carbon), the C / N ratio is stabilized at 25±0.1-0.2 (such as T4 treatment C / N 25.10) to match the nutritional needs of microorganisms.

[0097] Moisture content control: The main ingredient (cabbage tail with high moisture content) and auxiliary ingredients (weathered coal with water absorption and meat and bone meal with low moisture content) work together to maintain 65%-70% (such as T4 with a moisture content of 69.83%) to ensure metabolic efficiency.

[0098] V. Implementation Effect Verification

[0099] Effect of microbial agent: EM bacteria (T3) increased the seed germination index to ≥85% (CK is 70%), increased total nitrogen by 15%-20%, and achieved the best degree of maturity.

[0100] Effect of auxiliary materials: The peak temperature of T4 (double auxiliary materials) compost (55-60℃) lasts for 15-20 days, and the total phosphorus and total potassium are 20% and 15% higher than T1 respectively, and the nutrients are richer.

[0101] The following are several other specific embodiments of the present invention:

[0102] Example 1: Different ratios of main ingredients and auxiliary ingredients

[0103] 1. Material adjustment

[0104] Main ingredients: cabbage tails accounted for 35%, and corn straw accounted for 65% (the original ratio was about 33% cabbage tails and about 67% corn straw. For example, in T1 treatment, 2.50kg cabbage tails + 6.13kg corn straw were used, and the new ratio was 2.80kg cabbage tails + 5.80kg corn straw). The calculated C / N ratio was 25.0±0.1 (by reducing 0.05kg meat and bone meal because cabbage tails have a slightly higher nitrogen content), and the moisture content was 67.00±0.15% (the increase in cabbage tails led to a rise in moisture content).

[0105] Auxiliary materials: meat and bone meal 0.15kg (original T2 processed 0.20kg, due to the increase in nitrogen content of the main material, the addition of auxiliary materials is reduced), weathered coal 0.30kg (original T3 processed 0.25kg, due to the slightly higher water content, water-absorbing auxiliary materials are added to maintain a moisture content of 65%-70%).

[0106] 2. Operation steps

[0107] Ingredients: Mix according to the above ratio, ensure C / N 25.0, moisture content 67.0%, put into 8L fermentation barrel, add EM bacteria (3% compost volume, compared with 5% of the original T3 treatment, to verify the effect of reducing the amount of bacteria).

[0108] Compost control: The initial ventilation volume was 0.5 L / min, and the C / N ratio was 25.2 on the 15th day (due to the slow decomposition of lignin in corn straw). 0.05 kg of meat and bone meal was added, and monitoring was carried out every 10 days thereafter, with a cycle of 52 days (due to the adjustment of the main material ratio and the change in fermentation rate).

[0109] 3. Effect verification

[0110] Compared with the original T3 treatment (5% EM bacteria), when the dosage of the microbial agent was reduced to 3%, the seed germination index reached 80% on the 40th day (the original T3 reached 80% on the 35th day, a slight decrease but still met the standard), and the total nitrogen content was reduced by 5% (which can be compensated by extending the cycle), proving the adaptability of the method to the dosage of the microbial agent and reducing costs.

[0111] Example 2: Adaptation of raw materials from different regions

[0112] 1. Material replacement

[0113] Main ingredients: Northern cabbage tails (originally collected in Beijing) were replaced with southern cabbage tails (moisture content 92.00±0.10%, total nitrogen 3.80±0.15%, C / N 9.00±0.20, because southern cabbage has a short growth cycle and the nitrogen content is slightly lower), and corn straw was replaced with rice straw (moisture content 12.00±0.20%, total carbon 38.00±0.10%, total nitrogen 0.60±0.15%, C / N 63.33±0.30, with higher lignin content).

[0114] Auxiliary materials: meat and bone meal is increased to 0.30kg (to increase nitrogen, as the nitrogen content of southern cabbage decreases), weathered coal is adjusted to 0.20kg (because rice straw has a slightly higher water content, water-absorbing auxiliary materials are reduced), ensuring C / N 25.0 and moisture content 68.00±0.20%.

[0115] 2. Operation steps

[0116] Ingredients: Adapt to southern raw materials, recalculate the ratio (such as 3.00kg southern cabbage tails + 5.50kg rice straw + 0.30kg meat and bone meal + 0.20kg weathered coal), add Bacillus subtilis (5% compost volume, compared with the original T1 treatment, to verify the applicability of northern bacterial agents to southern raw materials).

[0117] Composting control: initial aeration volume of 0.6 L / min (rice straw has high lignin content and requires more oxygen), add 0.10 kg of weathered coal when turning the compost on the 20th day (adjust C / N to 25.0 because rice straw releases carbon slightly slowly), and the cycle is 50 days (due to the high lignin content of the raw material, fermentation is slightly slow).

[0118] 3. Effect verification

[0119] Compared with the original T1 treatment (northern raw materials), the total carbon decomposition rate of the southern raw material treatment increased by 10% (rice straw lignin was efficiently decomposed by Bacillus subtilis), and the total nitrogen content was equivalent to the original T1 (supplemented by meat and bone meal), proving the universality of the method for raw materials from different regions and expanding the scope of application of the invention.

[0120] Example 3: Large-scale composting application

[0121] 1. Scenario expansion

[0122] Scale: Expanded from an 8L laboratory fermentation barrel to a 1000L industrial composting device (enlarged size, ventilation system upgraded to a variable frequency fan, flow rate adjustable from 0-50L / min), the main ingredients are cabbage tails (500kg) + corn straw (500kg), and the auxiliary materials are meat and bone meal (50kg) + weathered coal (50kg), C / N25.0, and moisture content 68.0%.

[0123] Microbial agent: EM bacteria (5% of compost volume, i.e. 50 kg, viable bacteria count ≥ 20 billion / g, bulk purchase application).

[0124] 2. Operation steps

[0125] Batching: Mixing in large silos, mechanical turning (instead of manual turning), access to intelligent monitoring system (real-time monitoring of temperature, humidity, and ventilation volume, and linkage control).

[0126] Composting control: ventilation volume is 30L / min on the 1st to 10th day (high temperature start, accelerated temperature rise), maintained at 20L / min on the 11th to 40th day (stable fermentation), reduced to 10L / min on the 41st to 50th day (late composting, reduced energy consumption), and the cycle is 50 days (fermentation efficiency under large-scale operation is close to that in the laboratory due to device optimization).

[0127] 3. Effect verification

[0128] After large-scale treatment, the organic matter content of the compost product is ≥45% (40%-45% in the laboratory), and the total nitrogen is ≥2.0% (1.8%-2.0% in the laboratory), which meets the national standard for organic fertilizer (NY525-2021), proving that the method can be applied industrially to realize large-scale resource utilization of agricultural waste.

[0129] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various modifications and substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and such modifications and substitutions are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for composting and fermenting agricultural waste, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) preparing a main ingredient, auxiliary ingredients, and a microbial agent, wherein the main ingredient is Chinese cabbage tail and corn stalks, the auxiliary ingredients are meat and bone meal and weathered coal, and the microbial agent is selected from Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, and EM bacteria; (2) Mix the main ingredients and auxiliary materials at a carbon-nitrogen ratio of 25:1 and an initial moisture content of 65% to 70%. If microbial agents are added, spray them at 5% of the volume of the compost and mix thoroughly; (3) The mixed material is placed in an aerobic composting device, and the ventilation volume is controlled for aerobic fermentation. The composting cycle is determined by the number of days according to the microbial agent treatment and auxiliary material optimization treatment.

2. The agricultural waste composting and fermentation method according to claim 1, wherein: The water content of the cabbage tail is 90.20±0.05%, the total carbon is 34.28±0.14%, the total nitrogen is 4.00±0.12%, and the C / N ratio is 8.57±0.16; the water content of the corn straw is 10.90±0.35%, the total carbon is 39.75±0.06%, the total nitrogen is 0.51±0.21%, and the C / N ratio is 77.94±0.

22.

3. The agricultural waste composting and fermentation method according to claim 1, wherein: The moisture content of the meat and bone meal is 10.00±0.13%, the total carbon is 60.41±0.08%, the total nitrogen is 8.63±0.30%, and the C / N ratio is 7.00±0.13; the moisture content of the weathered coal is 21.41±0.07%, the total carbon is 69.07±0.03%, the total nitrogen is 0.80±0.12%, and the C / N ratio is 86.34±0.

11.

4. The agricultural waste composting and fermentation method according to claim 1, wherein: In the microbial agent: Bacillus subtilis is a water-soluble powder with a viable count of ≥40 billion / g; Trichoderma harzianum is a water-soluble powder with a viable count of ≥ 1 billion / g; EM bacteria is a powder containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, mycelial fungi, and actinomycetes, with a live bacteria count of ≥20 billion / g.

5. The agricultural waste composting and fermentation method according to claim 1, wherein: The single-factor experimental design includes: Control treatment: no microbial agent was added; Treatment T1: addition of Bacillus subtilis; Treatment T2: addition of Trichoderma harzianum; Treatment T3: adding EM bacteria; Each treatment was replicated three times and composting lasted for 49 days.

6. The agricultural waste composting and fermentation method according to claim 1, wherein: The excipient optimization test design includes: Treatment T1: cabbage tails + corn stalks; Treatment T2: meat and bone meal added; Treatment T3: adding weathered coal; Treatment T4: adding meat and bone meal and weathered coal simultaneously; Each treatment was composted in 8 L fermenters for 56 days.

7. The agricultural waste composting and fermentation method according to claim 1, wherein: The aerobic composting device controls ventilation volume through an air pump and an air flow meter, aerates evenly through an aeration plate, monitors the temperature of the compost body in real time through a thermometer, and discharges excess leachate regularly through a leachate discharge port, thereby achieving dynamic regulation of the aerobic fermentation environment.

8. The agricultural waste composting and fermentation method according to claim 1, wherein: During the composting process, the amount of microbial agent added is 5% of the volume of the compost, and is sprayed on the material pile and mixed to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and the maturity of the compost.

9. The agricultural waste composting and fermentation method according to claim 1, wherein: When the main ingredients and auxiliary materials are mixed, the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the initial moisture content are strictly controlled to ensure an optimal growth environment for composting microorganisms.

10. The agricultural waste composting and fermentation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compost fermentation cycle is 49 and 56 days respectively according to the microbial agent treatment and auxiliary material optimization treatment, during which ventilation adjustment or compost turning operation is performed to ensure fermentation uniformity and efficiency.

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