Hydrogen, electricity and heat co-production system and method for organic solid waste combustion and gasification

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of organic solid waste recycling and hydrogen energy, in particular to a hydrogen, electricity and heat co-production system and method for organic solid waste combustion and synergistic gasification. Organic solid waste is divided into high-calorific-value organic solid waste and low-calorific-value organic solid waste based on the calorific value and the water content, the high-calorific-value organic solid waste is used for calcining limestone, and the low-calorific-value organic solid waste is used for gasification; the organic solid wastes with different heat values and water contents are fully digested, and the problem of unstable operation caused by complex components of the organic solid wastes is solved. A three-stage energy gradient utilization module is constructed, and a traditional single power generation and single heat supply mode is innovated into a heat energy, electric energy and hydrogen energy co-production mode. A calcium-based material circulation system is systematically constructed, and hydrogen production-pollution control synergic integration is realized. The method has remarkable economic and environment-friendly benefits, and a solution is provided for high-value utilization of organic solid waste and preparation of green hydrogen.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of organic solid waste resource utilization and hydrogen energy technology, and in particular to a hydrogen-electricity-heat cogeneration system and method for the coordinated combustion and gasification of organic solid waste. Background Art

[0002] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not necessarily be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those skilled in the art.

[0003] With social progress and economic development, the clean use of energy is gaining increasing attention. Currently, energy demand is strong, and the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent. Furthermore, in the energy utilization process, there are problems such as irrational energy utilization structure, low energy utilization efficiency, and environmental pollution caused by the use of fossil fuels. Therefore, it is urgent to accelerate the construction of a clean, low-carbon energy system.

[0004] Organic solid waste has the dual properties of being both a pollutant and a resource. However, direct combustion of organic solid waste is inefficient, with the overall system energy efficiency typically remaining below 35%. Furthermore, the combustion process produces a large number of pollutants, such as dioxins and acid gases. Pyrolysis of organic solid waste is the process of decomposing organic solid waste into pyrolysis oil, combustible gas, and organic solid waste charcoal through thermochemical conversion under anaerobic or anoxic conditions. Pyrolysis technology can efficiently convert organic solid waste energy into various fuels or energy products, thereby reducing humanity's dependence on fossil energy and alleviating the environmental pollution caused by fossil energy consumption.

[0005] However, traditional fluidized bed gasifiers have poor adaptability to organic solid waste raw materials with high moisture content (>30%); the high amount of tar generated leads to increased subsequent purification costs; a large amount of pollutants are also produced during the pyrolysis process; furthermore, the pyrolysis production capacity of organic solid waste is single, and it is impossible to achieve the combination of combustible gas and by-products such as electricity and heat. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the above problems, the present invention provides a hydrogen-electricity-heat cogeneration system and method for the synergistic gasification of organic solid waste combustion.

[0007] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The first aspect of the present invention provides a hydrogen-electricity-heat cogeneration system for organic solid waste combustion and coordinated gasification, comprising: a combustion furnace for burning high-calorific-value organic solid waste to calcine limestone to generate CaO, wherein the high-calorific-value organic solid waste has a lower calorific value of ≥4500 kJ / kg and a moisture content of ≤30%; the combustion furnace is connected to the first cyclone separator; The gas outlet of the first cyclone separator is connected to the waste heat boiler, and the waste heat boiler is connected to the energy cascade utilization module; the energy cascade utilization module converts the water vapor generated in the waste heat boiler into thermal energy, electrical energy and mechanical energy; The solid outlet of the first cyclone separator is connected to the gasifier; the gasifier is used to gasify low calorific value organic solid waste into hydrogen-rich gas under CaO catalysis; the low calorific value of low calorific value organic solid waste is less than 4500 kJ / kg or the moisture content is greater than 30%; The gas outlet of the gasifier is connected to the hydrogen purification module.

[0008] In one or more embodiments, the organic solid waste includes: urban domestic waste, kitchen waste, restaurant kitchen waste, agricultural and forestry waste, waste plastics, waste tires, and municipal sludge.

[0009] In one or more embodiments, the combustion furnace is a circulating fluidized bed combustion furnace.

[0010] In one or more embodiments, the gasifier is a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier.

[0011] In one or more embodiments, the energy cascade utilization module includes a first steam pipe, a second steam pipe, and a third steam pipe; wherein the temperature of the steam in the first steam pipe is higher than that in the second steam pipe, and the temperature of the steam in the second steam pipe is higher than that in the third steam pipe; The first steam pipe is connected to the steam turbine generator; the steam drives the steam turbine generator to generate electricity and obtain electrical energy; The second steam pipe is connected to the steam turbine; the steam turbine is connected to the air compressor in the hydrogen purification module; the steam in the second steam pipe drives the turbine blades to rotate, thereby driving the air compressor to compress the hydrogen; The third water vapor pipeline is connected to the fourth water vapor pipeline and the fifth water vapor pipeline respectively; the fourth water vapor pipeline is connected to the gasifier; the fifth steam pipeline discharges unused water vapor to obtain heat energy; the water vapor in the fourth water vapor pipeline enters the gasifier, reacts with low calorific value organic solid waste, and synthesizes hydrogen.

[0012] In one or more embodiments, the gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to a flue gas treatment module; the flue gas treatment module is used for desulfurization, denitrification, dechlorination, dioxin removal and dust removal of the gas generated in the combustion furnace.

[0013] Preferably, the flue gas treatment module includes a first bag filter, a desulfurization tower, a second bag filter, and an SCR denitrification device connected in sequence; Further preferably, a slaked lime and activated carbon injection device is provided between the first bag filter and the desulfurization tower.

[0014] In one or more embodiments, the solid outlet of the gasifier is connected to the combustion furnace through a return feeder; the unreacted charge in the gasifier is transported to the combustion furnace through the return feeder to complete the calcium chemical chain cycle reaction and semi-coke combustion.

[0015] In one or more embodiments, the hydrogen purification and refining module includes a second cyclone separator, a heat exchanger, a tar removal unit, a crude hydrogen storage tank and a pressure swing adsorption device connected in sequence; the tar removal unit includes a washing tower and an electric coke capture device connected in sequence; the pressure swing adsorption device includes an air compressor; the hydrogen-rich gas in the gasifier is separated by the second cyclone separator and then enters the heat exchanger for cooling; the cooled gas enters the tar removal unit to remove tar, thereby completing the purification of the hydrogen; the purified hydrogen enters the crude hydrogen storage tank and then enters the pressure swing adsorption device for purification. The power of the air compressor in the pressure swing adsorption device comes from the water vapor in the second water vapor pipe. The water vapor in the second water vapor pipe drives the turbine blades to rotate, thereby driving the air compressor to compress the hydrogen.

[0016] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for hydrogen-electricity-heat cogeneration by combustion and synergistic gasification of organic solid waste, comprising: Mixing high calorific value organic solid waste with limestone, burning the high calorific value organic solid waste, and then calcining the limestone to obtain flue gas and furnace charge containing CaO; The furnace charge containing CaO is mixed with low calorific value organic solid waste and steam is introduced to form hydrogen-rich gas through gasification reaction. The hydrogen-rich gas is purified and then purified by pressure swing adsorption to form high-purity hydrogen. The waste heat in the flue gas is absorbed by water to generate water vapor, which is arranged into three levels: high, medium and low temperature water vapor. The high temperature water vapor is used for power generation; the medium temperature water vapor drives the purified hydrogen-rich gas for compression; the low temperature water vapor participates in the gasification of low calorific value organic solid waste.

[0017] In one or more embodiments, the high calorific value organic solid waste has a lower calorific value of ≥4500 kJ / kg and a moisture content of ≤30%.

[0018] In one or more embodiments, the low calorific value of the low calorific value organic solid waste is less than 4500 kJ / kg or the moisture content is greater than 30%.

[0019] In one or more embodiments, the temperature of the high-temperature steam is 400-450°C, the temperature of the medium-temperature steam is 250-350°C, and the temperature of the low-temperature steam is 150-200°C.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) In the present invention, organic solid waste is divided into high calorific value organic solid waste and low calorific value organic solid waste based on calorific value and moisture content. High calorific value organic solid waste is used to calcine limestone, and low calorific value organic solid waste is used for gasification. This not only effectively solves the industry problems of large temperature fluctuation (fluctuation range <±15 ℃) and insufficient temperature (stable maintenance at 850~950℃) in the combustion furnace caused by traditional mixed feed, but also directly uses the moisture of low calorific value organic solid waste as a gasification reaction medium to participate in the water-gas shift reaction (CO+H2O→CO2+H2), which significantly improves the hydrogen yield, ensures that organic solid wastes with different calorific values ​​and moisture contents are fully digested, and solves the problem of unstable operation caused by the complex components of organic solid waste.

[0021] (2) In terms of energy utilization, by constructing a three-level energy cascade utilization module, the traditional single power generation and single heating mode is transformed into a co-generation mode of heat energy, electricity energy and mechanical energy. The waste heat boiler absorbs the waste heat from the flue gas of the combustion furnace to generate water vapor. The water vapor is arranged into three levels: high, medium and low temperature water vapor. The high temperature water vapor is used for power generation; the medium temperature water vapor drives the purified hydrogen-rich gas for compression; and the low temperature water vapor participates in the gasification of low calorific value organic solid waste.

[0022] (3) In terms of pollutant control, a synergistic integrated technology solution for "hydrogen production and pollution control" has been established: in the high-calorific value organic solid waste combustion section, CaO efficiently captures various acidic gases such as SO2, HCl, and Cl2, with a removal rate stable at over 80%, significantly reducing the risk of high-temperature corrosion of the superheater and improving the thermal efficiency of the system; and through the efficient removal of Cl2, the formation of dioxins is suppressed at the source; in the low-calorific value organic solid waste gasification section, CaO plays the dual role of catalytic cracking tar and in-situ capturing CO2, increasing hydrogen yield and achieving carbon emission reduction. The two-stage purification process of in-furnace deacidification + tail injection has been integrated to build a complete near-zero emission system, providing key technical support for solving the "NIMBY effect" of organic solid waste treatment facilities, and also providing a replicable technical paradigm for the construction of "zero-waste cities". BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0024] Figure 1This is a structural schematic diagram of the hydrogen-electricity-heat cogeneration system for the coordinated combustion and gasification of organic solid waste in the present invention; wherein, 1-combustion furnace, 2-first cyclone separator, 3-waste heat boiler, 4-first bag filter, 5-slaked lime and activated carbon injection device, 6-desulfurization tower, 7-second bag filter, 8-SCR denitrification device, 9-gasification furnace, 10-second cyclone separator, 11-heat exchanger, 12-tar removal unit, 13-crude hydrogen storage tank, 14-pressure swing adsorption device, 15-returner, 16-energy cascade utilization module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0026] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0027] In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0028] Example 1 refer to Figure 1 , a hydrogen-electricity-heat cogeneration system with coordinated gasification of organic solid waste combustion, comprising: The combustion furnace 1 is used to burn high calorific value organic solid waste and then calcine limestone to generate CaO. The high calorific value organic solid waste has a lower calorific value of ≥4500 kJ / kg and a moisture content of ≤30%. The combustion furnace 1 is connected to the first cyclone separator 2. The gas outlet of the first cyclone separator 2 is connected to the waste heat boiler 3, and the waste heat boiler 3 is connected to the energy cascade utilization module 16; the energy cascade utilization module 16 converts the water vapor generated in the waste heat boiler 3 into heat energy, electrical energy and mechanical energy; The solid outlet of the first cyclone separator 2 is connected to the gasifier 9; the gasifier 9 is used to gasify low calorific value organic solid waste into hydrogen-rich gas under CaO catalysis; the low calorific value of the low calorific value organic solid waste is less than 4500 kJ / kg and the moisture content is greater than 30%; The gas outlet of the gasifier 9 is connected to the hydrogen purification module.

[0029] Among them, organic solid waste includes: urban domestic waste, kitchen waste, restaurant waste, agricultural and forestry waste, waste plastics, waste tires and municipal sludge, etc.

[0030] Combustion furnace 1 is a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) furnace. High-speed airflow in the CFB thoroughly mixes high-calorific-value organic solid waste and limestone, creating a "rapid fluidization" state. This increases the contact area between fuel and oxygen, resulting in a more thorough combustion reaction and significantly higher combustion efficiency than traditional fixed-bed combustion methods. Flue gas and solids generated in the CFB are then transported by the airflow into the first cyclone separator 2.

[0031] The energy cascade utilization module 16 includes a first steam pipe, a second steam pipe, and a third steam pipe; the temperature of the steam in the first steam pipe is higher than that in the second steam pipe, and the temperature of the steam in the second steam pipe is higher than that in the third steam pipe; specifically, the steam parameter in the first steam pipe is 6.4 MPa / 450°C, the steam parameter in the second steam pipe is 1.2 MPa / 280°C, and the steam parameter in the third steam pipe is 0.6 MPa / 160°C. The first steam pipeline is connected to a steam turbine generator; steam drives the turbine generator to generate electricity, generating electrical energy. The second steam pipeline is connected to a steam turbine; the steam turbine is connected to an air compressor in the hydrogen purification module; steam in the second steam pipeline drives the turbine blades to rotate, thereby driving the air compressor to compress hydrogen. The third steam pipeline is connected to the fourth and fifth steam pipelines, respectively; the fourth steam pipeline is connected to the gasifier 9; the fifth steam pipeline discharges unused steam to generate heat energy. The steam in the fourth steam pipeline enters the gasifier 9, reacts with low-calorific-value organic solid waste, and synthesizes hydrogen. The heat generated during the reaction can also be used to maintain the high-temperature operation of the gasifier. The energy cascade utilization module 16 generates electricity, mechanical energy, and thermal energy in combination, achieving efficient utilization of waste heat.

[0032] The gas outlet of the waste heat boiler 3 is connected to a flue gas purification module. This flue gas treatment module is used for desulfurization, denitrification, dechlorination, dioxin removal, and dust removal of the gas generated by the combustion furnace 1. The flue gas purification module includes a first bag filter 4, a desulfurization tower 6, a second bag filter 7, and an SCR denitrification device 8, which are connected in sequence. A slaked lime and activated carbon injection device 5 is installed between the first bag filter 4 and the desulfurization tower 6.

[0033] The solid outlet of the gasifier 9 is connected to the combustion furnace 1 through the return device 15; the unreacted charge in the gasifier 9 is transported to the combustion furnace 1 through the return device 15 to complete the calcium chemical chain cycle reaction and semi-coke combustion.

[0034] The hydrogen purification and refining module includes a second cyclone separator 10, a heat exchanger 11, a tar removal unit 12, a crude hydrogen storage tank 13 and a pressure swing adsorption device 14 connected in sequence; the tar removal unit 12 includes a washing tower and an electric coke capture device connected in sequence, the heat exchanger 11 is connected to the washing tower, and the electric coke capture device is connected to the crude hydrogen storage tank 13; the pressure swing adsorption device 14 includes an air compressor; the hydrogen-rich gas in the gasifier 1 is separated by the second cyclone separator 10 and then enters the heat exchanger 11 for cooling; the cooled gas enters the tar removal unit 12 to remove tar, thereby completing the purification of the hydrogen; the purified hydrogen enters the crude hydrogen storage tank 13 and finally enters the pressure swing adsorption device 14 for purification. The power of the air compressor in the pressure swing adsorption device 14 comes from the water vapor in the second water vapor pipe. The water vapor in the second water vapor pipe drives the turbine blades to rotate, thereby driving the air compressor to compress the hydrogen.

[0035] The specific working process of the hydrogen-electricity-heat cogeneration system for organic solid waste combustion and coordinated gasification is as follows: High calorific value organic solid waste is mixed with limestone in the combustion furnace 1, and the high calorific value organic solid waste is burned to calcine the limestone. After separation in the first cyclone separator 2, high-temperature flue gas (850°C and above) and furnace charge containing CaO are obtained respectively.

[0036] The high-temperature flue gas enters the waste heat boiler 3, heats the working medium water, and generates high, medium and low-temperature water vapor respectively. The parameters of the high-temperature water vapor are 6.4 MPa / 450 ℃, the parameters of the medium-temperature water vapor are 1.2 MPa / 280 ℃, and the parameters of the low-temperature water vapor are 0.6 MPa / 160 ℃; the high-temperature water vapor enters the first water vapor pipe, and then enters to drive the steam turbine generator to generate electricity and obtain electrical energy; the medium-temperature flue gas enters the second water vapor pipe, drives the turbine blades to rotate, and then drives the hollow compressor of the pressure swing adsorption device 14 to compress hydrogen; part of the low-temperature water vapor passes through the fourth steam pipe and is discharged from the system to form a water vapor heat source, and the other part enters the gasifier 9 through the fifth water vapor pipe to react with low calorific value organic solid waste to synthesize hydrogen.

[0037] The flue gas after heat absorption and cooling in the waste heat boiler 3 enters the flue gas purification module for desulfurization and denitrification. Specifically, the flue gas after heat absorption and cooling enters the first bag filter 4 for preliminary dust removal, and then enters the desulfurization tower 6 together with the slaked lime and activated carbon injected by the slaked lime and activated carbon injection device 5 to remove SO2, dioxins and heavy metals; then enters the second bag filter 7 for further dust removal; and finally enters the SCR denitrification device 8 for denitrification. The purified flue gas is discharged into the system. In the gasifier 7, CaO in the charge acts as a carbon absorbent, capturing CO2 in situ and promoting the gasification of low-calorific-value organic solid waste with water vapor (including evaporated water and water vapor introduced through the fourth water vapor pipeline) to produce hydrogen, generating hydrogen-rich gas and semi-coke. The hydrogen-rich gas is separated by the second cyclone separator 10 and then cooled by the heat exchanger 11. The cooled gas enters the scrubber 12 to remove tar and purify the hydrogen. The purified hydrogen enters the crude hydrogen storage tank 13 and then enters the pressure swing adsorption unit 14 for further purification. The air compressor in the pressure swing adsorption unit 14 is powered by the water vapor in the second water vapor pipeline. The water vapor in the second water vapor pipeline rotates the turbine blades, which in turn drives the air compressor to compress the crude hydrogen.

[0038] The unreacted charge in the gasification furnace 9 is transported to the combustion furnace 1 through the return device 15 to complete the calcium chemical chain cycle reaction and semi-coke combustion.

[0039] In the present invention, organic solid waste is divided into high calorific value organic solid waste and low calorific value organic solid waste based on calorific value and moisture content. The high calorific value organic solid waste is used to calcine limestone, and the low calorific value organic solid waste is used for gasification. This not only effectively solves the industry problems of large temperature fluctuations in the combustion furnace (fluctuation range <±15°C) and insufficient temperature (stable maintenance at 850~950°C) caused by traditional mixed feed; at the same time, the moisture of the low calorific value organic solid waste is directly used as a gasification reaction medium to participate in the water-gas shift reaction (CO+H2O→CO2+H2), which significantly improves the hydrogen yield and ensures that organic solid wastes with different calorific values ​​and moisture contents are fully and quantitatively digested, completely solving the problem of unstable operation caused by the complex components of organic solid waste.

[0040] In terms of energy utilization, a three-tiered energy cascade has been constructed, transforming the traditional single-generation and single-heating model into a co-generation model of heat, electricity, and mechanical energy. The waste heat boiler absorbs waste heat from the flue gas of the combustion furnace to produce high-, medium-, and low-temperature steam. The high-temperature steam is used for power generation; the medium-temperature steam drives the compressed purified hydrogen-rich gas; and the low-temperature steam is used to gasify low-calorific-value organic solid waste.

[0041] The present invention constructs an internal circulation system for calcium-based materials, and through the recycling of CaO, simultaneously achieves biomass catalytic gasification and pollutant emission control. In the high-calorific value organic solid waste combustion section, CaO efficiently captures various acidic gases such as SO2, HCl, and Cl2, with a removal rate stable at over 80%, significantly reducing the risk of high-temperature corrosion of the superheater and improving the thermal efficiency of the system. More importantly, through the efficient removal of Cl2, the formation of dioxins is suppressed at the source. In the low-calorific value organic solid waste gasification section, CaO performs the dual functions of catalytic cracking tar and in-situ capture of CO2, increasing hydrogen yield and achieving carbon emission reduction. The two-stage purification process of in-furnace deacidification and tail injection is integrated to construct a complete near-zero emission system, providing key technical support for solving the "NIMBY effect" of organic solid waste treatment facilities, and also providing a replicable technical paradigm for the construction of "zero-waste cities."

[0042] In the present invention, the CaO generated by calcination in the combustion furnace cooperates with the flue gas purification module to remove SO2, HCl, chlorine, dioxins and nitrogen oxides generated in the incineration of organic solid waste, so that the SO2 content in the final flue gas is less than 10 mg / Nm 3 , chloride ion concentration ≤10 mg / Nm 3 , dioxin ≤ 0.015 ng TEQ / m 3 , nitrogen oxides <30mg / Nm 3 .

[0043] In this embodiment, a calorific value detection device monitors the calorific value of high-calorific value organic solid waste and low-calorific value organic solid waste in real time and compares it with a preset threshold. A PID algorithm then dynamically adjusts the feed rate, primary air volume, and flue gas recirculation rate of these wastes to maintain furnace temperature fluctuations within ±10°C and a furnace fluidization velocity of 4.5-6.5 m / s. This intelligent control method, based on online calorific value detection, monitors the calorific value and moisture content of organic solid waste in real time, automatically adjusting operating parameters such as primary and secondary air and the flue gas recirculation rate to maintain stable furnace temperature and flue gas flow rate, hydrogen production, and composition, enhancing system operational stability.

[0044] In the combustion furnace 1, high calorific value organic solid waste is calcined with CaCO3 to generate CaO at a temperature of 850-950°C. In the gasification furnace 9, low calorific value organic solid waste is gasified under the catalysis of CaO at a temperature of 650-720°C. The circulation rate of CaCO3 and CaO charge is 0.5-1.2 kg / (m 2 ·s), the mass ratio of CaO to CaCO3 in the charge is 6:4~7:3, and the particle size of the calcium-based charge is 100~300 μm.

[0045] Steam energy is dynamically allocated based on the hydrogen inventory in the crude hydrogen storage tank 13 and the grid demand priority. When the hydrogen inventory is lower than the safety threshold, medium-pressure steam is preferentially used to drive the pressure swing adsorption air compressor. When the grid peak-shaving demand exceeds the set value, the proportion of high-pressure steam power generation is increased.

[0046] Example 2 A hydrogen-electricity-heat cogeneration method using combustion and synergistic gasification of organic solid waste, comprising: Mixing high calorific value organic solid waste with limestone, burning the high calorific value organic solid waste, and then calcining the limestone to obtain flue gas and furnace charge containing CaO; The furnace charge containing CaO is mixed with low calorific value organic solid waste and steam is introduced to form hydrogen-rich gas through gasification reaction. The hydrogen-rich gas is purified and then purified by pressure swing adsorption to form high-purity hydrogen. The waste heat in the flue gas is absorbed by water to generate water vapor, which is arranged into three levels. The high-temperature water vapor is used for power generation; the medium-temperature water vapor drives the purified hydrogen-rich gas for compression; and the low-temperature water vapor participates in the gasification of low-calorific value organic solid waste.

[0047] Among them, the low calorific value of high calorific value organic solid waste is ≥4500 kJ / kg and the moisture content is ≤30%.

[0048] The low calorific value of low calorific value organic solid waste is less than 4500 kJ / kg and the moisture content is greater than 30%.

[0049] The parameters of high-temperature water vapor are 6.4 MPa / 450 ℃, the parameters of medium-temperature water vapor are 1.2 MPa / 280 ℃, and the parameters of low-temperature water vapor are 0.6 MPa / 160 ℃.

[0050] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen-electricity-heat cogeneration system for organic solid waste combustion and synergistic gasification, characterized in that: include: a combustion furnace for burning high-calorific-value organic solid waste to calcine limestone to generate CaO, wherein the high-calorific-value organic solid waste has a lower calorific value of ≥4500 kJ / kg and a moisture content of ≤30%; the combustion furnace is connected to the first cyclone separator; The gas outlet of the first cyclone separator is connected to the waste heat boiler, and the waste heat boiler is connected to the energy cascade utilization module; the energy cascade utilization module converts the water vapor generated in the waste heat boiler into thermal energy, electrical energy and mechanical energy; The solid outlet of the first cyclone separator is connected to the gasifier; the gasifier is used to gasify low calorific value organic solid waste into hydrogen-rich gas under CaO catalysis; the low calorific value of low calorific value organic solid waste is less than 4500 kJ / kg or the moisture content is greater than 30%; The gas outlet of the gasifier is connected to the hydrogen purification module.

2. The hydrogen-electricity-heat cogeneration system for organic solid waste combustion and coordinated gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic solid waste includes: urban domestic waste, kitchen waste, restaurant kitchen waste, agricultural and forestry waste, waste plastics, waste tires and municipal sludge; Alternatively, the combustion furnace is a circulating fluidized bed combustion furnace; Alternatively, the gasifier is a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier.

3. The hydrogen-electricity-heat cogeneration system for organic solid waste combustion and coordinated gasification according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The energy cascade utilization module includes a first steam pipe, a second steam pipe, and a third steam pipe; wherein the temperature of the steam in the first steam pipe is higher than that in the second steam pipe, and the temperature of the steam in the second steam pipe is higher than that in the third steam pipe; The first steam pipe is connected to the steam turbine generator; the steam drives the steam turbine generator to generate electricity and obtain electrical energy; The second steam pipe is connected to the steam turbine; the steam turbine is connected to the air compressor in the hydrogen purification module; the steam in the second steam pipe drives the turbine blades to rotate, thereby driving the air compressor to compress the hydrogen; The third steam pipe is connected to the fourth steam pipe and the fifth steam pipe respectively; the fourth steam pipe is connected to the gasifier; and the fifth steam pipe discharges unused steam to obtain heat energy.

4. The hydrogen-electricity-heat cogeneration system for organic solid waste combustion and coordinated gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to the flue gas treatment module; the flue gas treatment module is used for desulfurization, denitrification, dechlorination, dioxin removal and dust removal of the gas generated in the combustion furnace.

5. The hydrogen-electricity-heat cogeneration system for organic solid waste combustion and coordinated gasification according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment module includes a first bag filter, a desulfurization tower, a second bag filter, and an SCR denitrification device connected in sequence; Preferably, a slaked lime and activated carbon injection device is provided between the first bag filter and the desulfurization tower.

6. The heat, power and hydrogen cogeneration system of waste incineration and biomass gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid outlet of the gasifier is connected to the combustion furnace through a return device.

7. The hydrogen-electricity-heat cogeneration system of organic solid waste combustion and coordinated gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen purification module includes a second cyclone separator, a heat exchanger, a tar removal unit, a crude hydrogen storage tank and a pressure swing adsorption device connected in sequence; the tar removal unit includes a washing tower and an electric coke capture device connected in sequence.

8. A method for hydrogen-electricity-heat cogeneration by combustion and synergistic gasification of organic solid waste, characterized in that: include: Mixing high calorific value organic solid waste with limestone, burning the high calorific value organic solid waste, and then calcining the limestone to obtain flue gas and furnace charge containing CaO; The furnace charge containing CaO is mixed with low calorific value organic solid waste and steam is introduced to form hydrogen-rich gas through gasification reaction. The hydrogen-rich gas is purified and then purified by pressure swing adsorption to form high-purity hydrogen. The waste heat in the flue gas is absorbed by water to generate water vapor, which is arranged into three levels. The high-temperature water vapor is used for power generation; the medium-temperature water vapor drives the purified hydrogen-rich gas for compression; and the low-temperature water vapor participates in the gasification of low-calorific value organic solid waste.

9. The method for hydrogen-electricity-heat cogeneration by combustion and synergistic gasification of organic solid waste according to claim 8, characterized in that: The low calorific value of the high calorific value organic solid waste is ≥4500 kJ / kg and the moisture content is ≤30%; Alternatively, the low calorific value of the low calorific value organic solid waste is less than 4500 kJ / kg or the moisture content is greater than 30%.

10. The hydrogen-electricity-heat cogeneration method of organic solid waste combustion and synergistic gasification according to claim 8, characterized in that: The temperature of high-temperature water vapor is 400~450 ℃, the temperature of medium-temperature water vapor is 250~350 ℃, and the temperature of low-temperature water vapor is 150~200 ℃.

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