Sowing and seedling raising method for golden yellow lily Yunnan

Abstract

The invention provides a sowing and seedling raising method for Jinlian lily. The method comprises the steps of seed collection, storage, seed selection, seed disinfection, seed germination acceleration, nursery land selection, seedbed preparation, sowing, seedling management, seedling outplanting, transplanting, field management and pest control. The method improves the emergence rate and the seedling quality. Compared with a traditional scale propagation and tissue culture technology, sowing and seedling raising have the advantages of being high in propagation efficiency, low in cost, easy and convenient to operate and the like, and are more suitable for being applied and popularized in agricultural and pastoral areas in the Nardozhou and the Chuzhou.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for sowing and seedling cultivation of golden lily of the valley. Background Art

[0002] Lily (Lilium spp.) is a general term for all species or varieties of the genus Lilium in the family Liliaceae. Lilies have large, vibrant flowers with unique shapes, making them suitable for cut flowers, potted plants, and garden decorations. They also have edible and medicinal properties, earning them the title of "King of Bulbs." The golden-flowered Yunnan lily is a variant of the Yunnan lily. It bears 1-3 bell-shaped, erect or tilted flowers with curly petals. The flowers are pale yellow with purple spots, and the capsules are rectangular. It has a chromosome count of 2n=24 and is native to Yunnan or southwestern Sichuan, China, at altitudes of 2,000-2,900 meters, along the edges of mixed forests, streams, or shrublands. The golden-flowered Yunnan lily is highly ornamental and medicinal. Local Tibetans in Yajiang County, Ganzi Prefecture, use the bulbs to relieve coughs and reduce phlegm. Therefore, relying solely on wild resources cannot meet market demand.

[0003] Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, located in western Sichuan Province, sits on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its complex terrain and diverse climate have nurtured a rich lily germplasm resource. According to statistics, Garze Prefecture is home to 12 native lily species, many of which are rare and valuable for development and utilization, such as the golden-flowered Yunnan lily (Lilium bakerianum), the Xiangcheng lily (Lilium xanthellum), the Matang lily (Lilium matangense), and the Baoxing lily (Lilium duchartrei). However, in recent years, due to excessive harvesting and habitat destruction, Garze Prefecture's native lily resources are facing severe threats. Traditional propagation methods such as scale and bulb division are inefficient and costly due to tissue culture, making them unsuitable for general production and unable to meet the needs of resource conservation and industrial development. Seeding and seedling cultivation, a key method of lily propagation, offers advantages such as high reproduction coefficients and low costs. Lily cultivation in Bajiaolou Township, Yajiang County, leverages local resources to develop the industry and collective economy. At present, there is no report on the systematic research on the sowing and seedling raising technology of Lilium yunnanensis in Ganzi Prefecture. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention addresses the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a method for seeding and raising seedlings of Lilium yunnanensis, which improves the emergence rate and seedling quality. Compared with traditional scale propagation and tissue culture techniques, seeding and raising seedlings has the advantages of high propagation efficiency, low cost, and simple operation, making it more suitable for promotion and application in agricultural and pastoral areas of Ganzi Prefecture.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for sowing and raising seedlings of golden lily of the valley, the method comprising: S1. Seed collection: From the end of October to the beginning of November, when the capsules of Lilium dahliae are mature and slightly cracked at the top, seeds are collected and the collected capsules are obtained; Lilium yunnanensis is a variant of Lilium yunnanensis, a perennial herb with 1 to 3 flowers, some plants can have more than 10 flowers, and the flowering period is July. The capsule is rectangular, yellow-brown with purple spots. There are many seeds in a capsule. The seeds are oval and flat. The seed coat of Lilium yunnanensis is yellow-brown. The seeds are composed of seed coat, embryo and endosperm. The outer layer of seed coat is thin and light in texture, and is membranous. S2. Storage: The capsules collected in S1 are placed in a cool and dry place to dry. After 10 to 15 days, the seeds in the capsules are retained and placed in a cool and dry place for another 1 to 2 days. Then, the capsules are placed in black plastic bags and refrigerated at a temperature of 0°C to 4°C to obtain the refrigerated seeds, which are then sown in the spring of the following year. S3. Seed Selection: In the spring of the following year, before sowing, the seeds with incomplete embryo development in the refrigerated seeds obtained in S2 were removed by water selection to obtain selected seeds; S4. Seed disinfection: Under the condition of a temperature of 50° C. to 60° C., soaking the selected seeds obtained in S3 in a potassium permanganate aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 0.1% to 0.5%, and washing with clean water to obtain sterilized seeds; S5. Seed germination: The sterilized seeds obtained in S4 are soaked in water at a temperature of 40° C. for 60 hours, during which the water is changed every 12 hours to prevent decay and odor, to obtain germinated seeds; S6. Site selection: Choose a flat land with good drainage and enclose the land with a net fence before sowing as a nursery plot; S7. Seedbed preparation: Before sowing, the soil of the nursery plot described in S6 was plowed deeply to a depth of 25 cm to 35 cm, and after removing grass roots and gravel, a ridge was made to form a bed. After raking and leveling, 1% biphenyl-clothianidin granules were sprinkled on the soil surface. Then, a mixture of leaf mold, peat soil, and original soil was evenly sprinkled on the seedling bed to obtain a seedling bed to be sown; S8. Seeding At the end of March or the beginning of April, the seeds obtained in S5 after germination are sown manually on the seedbed to be sown obtained in S7, covered with humus soil after sowing, and then watered thoroughly, and a sunshade net is built above the seedbed; S9. Seedling management During the seedling stage, keep the seedbed humidity at 70% to 80%, water before 9 am or after 6 pm, and weed in time. When the seedlings reach 5 cm in height and have more than two true leaves, spray the leaves with potassium-containing compound fertilizer, and rinse the stems and leaves with clean water once after 40 minutes. S10, Seedlings out From late June to early July, when the seedlings have grown to 3 true leaves, water them thoroughly and dig up the rhizomes and rhizosphere soil on a sunny day, keeping the root system intact to obtain the seedlings ready for transplanting. S11. Transplanting The seedlings to be transplanted obtained in S10 are planted immediately after harvesting without shaking off the soil, and are transplanted into the field with a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 40 cm per row. After transplanting, the seedlings are irrigated with water to allow them to take root, thereby obtaining transplanted seedlings. S12. Field Management Carry out field management according to the weather and the growth of seedlings, including shading, irrigation, weeding, and fertilization. When the weather is clear, irrigate once a day or every other day, provide shade when appropriate, and follow the principle of "weed early, weed small, and weed thoroughly" for weeding. Apply organic fertilizer or high-potassium compound fertilizer in a timely manner according to the growth of seedlings. Fertilize after rain, and follow the principle of "small amounts and multiple applications" to facilitate nutrient absorption. S13. Pest and disease control Use physical and chemical methods to prevent and control pests and diseases.

[0006] The principle of lily disease and insect pest control follows the principle of "prevention first, prevention combined", adopting physical and chemical prevention methods, timely removing weak, diseased and deformed seedlings, and using a combination of physical and chemical methods, with physical methods as the main method and chemical methods as the auxiliary method, to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Physical methods include manual pest control, brushing / flushing, pruning diseased plants, insect nets, color-coded traps, and light traps / sex attractants. When Yunnan lilies suffer from damping-off, damping-off, root rot, wilt, and white rot, use Zhuangmao Methacin, which is highly effective. For root rot, use it in conjunction with Beicui for effective treatment. When golden Yunnan lilies are severely infested with pests such as aphids, thrips, and whiteflies, spray Shangmeng to control pest reproduction and damage. Zhuokangpu fungicide is effective in preventing and treating leaf yellowing and drop. For dosages of chemical pesticides, refer to the product instructions. Use with caution during flowering to protect pollinators and facilitate pollen dispersal.

[0007] Preferably, the seed soaking treatment time in S4 is 1 hour.

[0008] Preferably, the width of the ridge bed in S7 is 1.2 m and the height is 20 cm.

[0009] Preferably, the application amount of the 1% biphenyl·clothianidin granules in S7 is 3500 g / mu to 4000 g / mu; the mass fractions of bifenthrin and clothianidin in the 1% biphenyl·clothianidin granules are both 5%.

[0010] Preferably, the mass ratio of the mixture of leaf mold, peat soil and original soil in S7 is 3:2:1.

[0011] Preferably, the sowing amount in S8 is 200 seeds / m 2 ; The thickness of the humus covering is 1cm~1.5cm; the height of the sunshade net is 1.5m.

[0012] Preferably, the mass fraction of N in the potassium-containing compound fertilizer in S9 is 10%, the mass fraction of P2O5 is 15%, and the mass fraction of K2O is 20%.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention significantly improves the emergence rate and seedling quality of Lilium yunnanensis by systematically optimizing the seeding and seedling raising methods. Compared with traditional scale propagation and tissue culture techniques, seeding and seedling raising has the advantages of high propagation efficiency, low cost, and simple operation, making it more suitable for promotion and application in agricultural and pastoral areas of Ganzi Prefecture.

[0014] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] Example 1 The experimental years of this embodiment are 2023-2024, the experimental location is Zhari Village, Bajiaolou Township, Yajiang County, longitude E101°10′55.51″N30°08′15.88″, the climatic conditions are a composite type of plateau monsoon climate and dry warm valley climate, the soil type is sandy soil (alkaline), and the experimental plot area is 10 mu.

[0016] The method for sowing and raising seedlings of Lilium yunnanensis of the present embodiment comprises the following steps: S1. Seed collection: At the end of October (October 28, 2023), the seeds of the golden lily of the valley were collected when the capsules were mature and slightly cracked at the top, and the collected capsules were obtained; Lilium yunnanensis is a variant of Lilium yunnanensis, a perennial herb with 1 to 3 flowers, some plants can have more than 10 flowers, and the flowering period is July. The capsule is rectangular, yellow-brown with purple spots. There are many seeds in one capsule. The seeds are oval and flat. The seed coat of Lilium yunnanensis is yellow-brown. The seeds are composed of seed coat, embryo and endosperm. The outer layer of seed coat is thin and light in texture, and is membranous. The 1,000-seed weight of Lilium yunnanensis is 2.8g. S2. Storage: The capsules collected in S1 were placed in a cool and dry place to dry. After 10 days, the seeds in the capsules were retained and placed in a cool and dry place for another day. The capsules were then placed in black plastic bags and refrigerated at 0°C to obtain the refrigerated seeds for sowing in the spring of the following year. S3. Seed Selection: In the spring of the following year, before sowing, the seeds with incomplete embryo development in the refrigerated seeds obtained in S2 were removed by water selection to obtain selected seeds; S4. Seed disinfection: The selected seeds obtained in S3 are soaked in a disinfectant (a 0.1% by mass potassium permanganate aqueous solution) at a temperature of 50° C. for 1 hour, and then washed with clean water to obtain disinfected seeds; This embodiment uses 40°C warm water soaking combined with disinfectant treatment to effectively increase the germination rate (to over 85%) and reduce the incidence of diseases; S5. Seed germination: The sterilized seeds obtained in S4 are soaked in water at a temperature of 40° C. for 60 hours, during which the water is changed every 12 hours to prevent decay and odor, to obtain germinated seeds; S6. Site selection: Choose a flat, well-drained, medium-fertility, loose soil with a soil thickness of 60 cm and a net fence to enclose the plot before sowing as a nursery plot; S7. Seedbed preparation: Before sowing, the soil of the nursery plot described in S6 is plowed 25 cm deep, grass roots and gravel are removed, and then ridges are made into beds. The ridges are 1.2 m wide and 20 cm high. After raking and leveling, 1% biphenyl·clothianidin granules are sprinkled on the soil surface. Then, a mixture of leaf mold, peat soil and original soil is evenly sprinkled on the seedling bed to obtain a seedling bed to be sown; the application rate of the 1% biphenyl·clothianidin granules is 3500 g / mu; the mass fraction of bifenthrin and clothianidin in the 1% biphenyl·clothianidin granules is 5%; the mass ratio of the mixture of leaf mold, peat soil and original soil is 3:2:1; S8. Seeding At the end of March (March 21, 2024), the germinated seeds obtained in S5 were sown manually on the seedbed to be sown obtained in S7, with a sowing rate of 200 seeds / m 2 After sowing, cover with 1cm thick humus soil, then water thoroughly, and build a shade net with a height of 1.5m above the seedbed; S9. Seedling management During the seedling stage, keep the seedbed humidity at 70%, water before 9 am or after 6 pm, and weed in time. When the seedlings reach 5 cm in height and have grown more than two true leaves, spray the leaves with potassium-containing compound fertilizer. After spraying for 40 minutes, rinse the stems and leaves with clean water once to prevent the seedlings from being burned. The potassium compound fertilizer contains 10% N by mass, 15% P2O5 by mass, and 20% K2O by mass. It is purchased from the market. 1g is diluted with 1000mL of water and sprayed on the leaves until they are wet and do not drip. S10, Seedlings out In early July (July 10, 2024), when the seedlings have grown to 3 true leaves, water them thoroughly before transplanting to prevent the soil from becoming compacted. On a sunny day, remove the rhizomes and rhizosphere soil together to keep the root system intact and obtain the seedlings ready for transplanting. S11. Transplanting The seedlings to be transplanted obtained in S10 are planted immediately after harvesting without shaking off the soil, and are transplanted into the field with a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 40 cm per row. After transplanting, the seedlings are immediately irrigated with water to allow them to take root, thereby obtaining transplanted seedlings. S12. Field Management Carry out field management, including shading, irrigation, weeding, and fertilization; S13. Pest and disease control Use physical and chemical methods to prevent and control pests and diseases.

[0017] In this embodiment, the germination rate of the golden yellow lily was 95%, the transplant survival rate was 85%, the seedlings were of good quality, and there was no erosion by diseases and insect pests.

[0018] Example 2 The test years of this embodiment are 2023-2024, and the location is the nursery of the Forestry Science Research Institute in Guza Town, Kangding City. The climate is characterized by a dry and hot valley climate. The altitude is more than 1,300 meters, the soil is sandy, and the original soil has poor water retention. The seedbed seedlings need to improve the soil, mixed with peat soil and humus soil, and the test site area is 10 mu.

[0019] The method for sowing and raising seedlings of Lilium yunnanensis of the present embodiment comprises the following steps: S1. Seed collection: In early November (November 11, 2023), wait until the capsules of Lilium dahliae mature and crack slightly at the top, and then collect the seeds and obtain the collected capsules; Lilium yunnanensis is a variant of Lilium yunnanensis, a perennial herb with 1 to 3 flowers, some plants can have more than 10 flowers, and the flowering period is July. The capsule is rectangular, yellow-brown with purple spots. There are many seeds in one capsule. The seeds are oval and flat. The seed skin of Lilium yunnanensis is yellow-brown. The seeds are composed of seed coat, embryo and endosperm. The outer layer of the seed coat is thin and light in texture, and is membranous. The 1,000-seed weight of Lilium yunnanensis is 2.8g. S2. Storage: The capsules collected in S1 were placed in a cool, dry place to dry. After 15 days, the seeds in the capsules were retained and placed in a cool, dry place for another 2 days. The capsules were then placed in black plastic bags and refrigerated at 4°C to obtain the refrigerated seeds for sowing in the spring of the following year. S3. Seed Selection: In the spring of the following year, before sowing, the seeds with incomplete embryo development in the refrigerated seeds obtained in S2 were removed by water selection to obtain selected seeds; S4. Seed disinfection: The selected seeds obtained in S3 are soaked in a disinfectant (a 0.5% by mass potassium permanganate aqueous solution) at a temperature of 60° C. for 1 hour, and then washed with clean water to obtain disinfected seeds; S5. Seed germination: The sterilized seeds obtained in S4 are soaked in water at a temperature of 40° C. for 60 hours, during which the water is changed every 12 hours to prevent decay and odor, to obtain germinated seeds; S6. Site selection: Choose a flat, well-drained, medium-fertility, loose soil with a soil thickness of 50 cm and a net fence to enclose the plot before sowing as a nursery plot; S7. Seedbed preparation: Before sowing, the soil of the nursery plot described in S6 is plowed 35 cm deep, grass roots and gravel are removed, and then ridges are made into beds. The ridges are 1.2 m wide and 20 cm high. After raking and leveling, 1% biphenyl·clothianidin granules are sprinkled on the soil surface. Then, a mixture of leaf mold, peat soil and original soil is evenly sprinkled on the seedling bed to obtain a seedling bed to be sown; the application rate of the 1% biphenyl·clothianidin granules is 4000 g / mu; the mass fraction of bifenthrin and clothianidin in the 1% biphenyl·clothianidin granules is 5%; the mass ratio of the mixture of leaf mold, peat soil and original soil is 3:2:1; S8. Seeding In early April (April 1, 2024), the germinated seeds obtained in S5 were sown manually on the seedbed to be sown obtained in S7, with a sowing rate of 200 seeds / m 2 After sowing, cover with humus soil with a thickness of 1cm~1.5cm, then water thoroughly, and build a shade net with a height of 1.5m above the seedbed; S9. Seedling management During the seedling stage, keep the seedbed humidity at 80%, water before 9 am or after 6 pm, and weed in time. When the seedlings reach 5 cm in height and have grown more than two true leaves, spray the leaves with potassium-containing compound fertilizer. After spraying for 40 minutes, rinse the stems and leaves with clean water once to prevent the seedlings from being burned. The potassium compound fertilizer contains 10% N by mass, 15% P2O5 by mass, and 20% K2O by mass. It is purchased from the market. 1g is diluted with 1000mL of water and sprayed on the leaves until they are wet and do not drip. S10, Seedlings out In late June (June 29, 2024), when the seedlings have grown to three true leaves, water them thoroughly before transplanting to prevent the soil from becoming compacted. On a sunny day, remove the rhizomes and rhizosphere soil together to keep the root system intact and obtain the seedlings ready for transplanting. S11. Transplanting The seedlings to be transplanted obtained in S10 are planted immediately after harvesting without shaking off the soil, and are transplanted into the field with a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 40 cm per row. After transplanting, the seedlings are immediately irrigated with water to allow them to take root, thereby obtaining transplanted seedlings. S12. Field Management Carry out field management, including shading, irrigation, weeding, and fertilization; S13. Pest and disease control Use physical and chemical methods to prevent and control pests and diseases.

[0020] In this embodiment, the germination rate of the golden yellow lily was 97%, the transplant survival rate was 87%, the seedlings were of good quality, and there was no damage by diseases and insect pests.

[0021] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent variation made to the above embodiment based on the essence of the invention technology shall still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for sowing and raising seedlings of golden lily of the valley, characterized in that: The method is: S1. Seed collection: From the end of October to the beginning of November, when the capsules of Lilium dahliae are mature and slightly cracked at the top, seeds are collected and the collected capsules are obtained; S2. Storage: The capsules collected in S1 are placed in a cool and dry place to dry. After 10 to 15 days, the seeds in the capsules are retained and placed in a cool and dry place for another 1 to 2 days. Then, the capsules are placed in black plastic bags and refrigerated at a temperature of 0°C to 4°C to obtain the refrigerated seeds, which are then sown in the spring of the following year. S3. Seed Selection: In the spring of the following year, before sowing, the seeds with incomplete embryo development in the refrigerated seeds obtained in S2 were removed by water selection to obtain selected seeds; S4. Seed disinfection: Under the condition of a temperature of 50° C. to 60° C., soaking the selected seeds obtained in S3 in a potassium permanganate aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 0.1% to 0.5%, and washing with clean water to obtain sterilized seeds; S5. Seed germination: Soaking the sterilized seeds obtained in S4 in water at a temperature of 40° C. for 60 hours, changing the water every 12 hours, to obtain germinated seeds; S6. Site selection: Choose a flat land with good drainage and enclose the land with a net fence before sowing as a nursery plot; S7. Seedbed preparation: Before sowing, the soil of the nursery plot described in S6 was plowed deeply to a depth of 25 cm to 35 cm, and after removing grass roots and gravel, a ridge was made to form a bed. After raking and leveling, 1% biphenyl-clothianidin granules were sprinkled on the soil surface. Then, a mixture of leaf mold, peat soil, and original soil was evenly sprinkled on the seedling bed to obtain a seedling bed to be sown; S8. Seeding At the end of March or the beginning of April, the seeds obtained in S5 after germination are sown manually on the seedbed to be sown obtained in S7, covered with humus soil after sowing, and then watered thoroughly, and a sunshade net is built above the seedbed; S9. Seedling management During the seedling stage, keep the seedbed humidity at 70% to 80%, water before 9 am or after 6 pm, and weed in time. When the seedlings reach 5 cm in height and have more than two true leaves, spray the leaves with potassium-containing compound fertilizer, and rinse the stems and leaves with clean water once after 40 minutes. S10, Seedlings out From late June to early July, when the seedlings have grown to 3 true leaves, water them thoroughly and dig up the rhizomes and rhizosphere soil on a sunny day, keeping the root system intact to obtain the seedlings ready for transplanting. S11. Transplanting The seedlings to be transplanted obtained in S10 are planted immediately after harvesting without shaking off the soil, and are transplanted into the field with a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 40 cm per row. After transplanting, the seedlings are irrigated with water to allow them to take root, thereby obtaining transplanted seedlings. S12. Field Management Carry out field management, including shading, irrigation, weeding, and fertilization; S13. Pest and disease control Use physical and chemical methods to prevent and control pests and diseases.

2. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of Lilium yunnanensis according to claim 1, wherein: The seed soaking treatment time in S4 is 1 hour.

3. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of Lilium yunnanensis according to claim 1, wherein: The width of the raised bed in S7 is 1.2m and the height is 20cm.

4. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of Lilium yunnanensis according to claim 1, wherein: The application rate of the 1% biphenyl·clothianidin granules in S7 is 3500 g / mu to 4000 g / mu; the mass fractions of bifenthrin and clothianidin in the 1% biphenyl·clothianidin granules are both 5%.

5. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of Lilium yunnanensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the mixture of leaf mold, peat soil and original soil in S7 is 3:2:

1.

6. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of Lilium yunnanensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing rate in S8 is 200 seeds / m 2 ; The thickness of the humus covering is 1cm~1.5cm; the height of the sunshade net is 1.5m.

7. The method for sowing and raising seedlings of Lilium yunnanensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass fraction of N in the potassium-containing compound fertilizer described in S9 is 10%, the mass fraction of P2O5 is 15%, and the mass fraction of K2O is 20%.