Forging and pressing device for machining mechanical parts and forging and pressing method of forging and pressing device

Abstract

The invention discloses a forging and pressing device for mechanical part machining and a forging and pressing method thereof.The device comprises a forging and pressing execution unit, a self-adaptive positioning unit, a linkage sweeping unit, a supporting and guiding unit and a dust removal unit, all the units are cooperatively matched with airflow through structural linkage, and dynamic positioning, synchronous sweeping and multi-stage dust removal in the forging and pressing process are achieved. In the forging process, the elastic baffle automatically adjusts the position according to workpiece deformation and drives the cleaning structure to operate in a linkage mode, and dead angle cleaning is completed through cooperation of the scraping belt and the wire brushing mechanism. The crushing tooth roller and the negative pressure dust collection channel are cooperatively matched, and shearing and suction removal of large-particle chippings are achieved. The device effectively solves the problems of difficult cleaning of the machining table, workpiece positioning deviation, easy blockage of a dust collection system and the like while ensuring the forging and pressing precision, has the technical advantages of intelligence, self-adaption, high integration level and the like, and is suitable for high-frequency forging and pressing machining scenes under complex working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mechanical parts processing, and in particular to a forging device and a forging method for mechanical parts processing. Background Art

[0002] Forging of mechanical parts is a key process step in strengthening the blank's structure, increasing its density, and improving its mechanical properties. It is widely used in the automotive, aviation, and shipbuilding industries. Traditional forging equipment primarily focuses on the pressing performance of the forging unit, with less attention paid to cleaning and stable positioning of the workpiece during the forging process. This is especially true in high-frequency, multi-batch continuous processing scenarios, where large amounts of debris and scale easily accumulate on the forging worktable. This not only causes unstable workpiece clamping and positioning deviations, but also easily leads to equipment jamming and wear on the forging die surface, seriously affecting product qualification rates and equipment life.

[0003] Specifically, existing forging devices generally have the following defects: 1. The cleaning system is missing or deployed independently, and fails to be linked with the forging action. Most of the debris needs to be cleaned manually or intermittently, which easily leads to untimely cleaning and makes it difficult to achieve full-cycle non-intervention processing.

[0004] 2. The workpiece positioning method is single, and most of them rely only on fixed limit blocks or positioning pins, which cannot dynamically adapt to the deformation state of the workpiece and are prone to radial runout or forging axis deviation.

[0005] 3. The table structure is not conducive to dust removal. It often adopts an overall flat structure or a one-way through-hole dust suction channel. The debris accumulates seriously in the corners and shadow areas of the workpiece, making it difficult to effectively guide and remove it.

[0006] 4. There is a lack of a pre-treatment mechanism for the particle size of debris. Large forging oxide scale or metal chips can easily clog the dust collection system, causing negative pressure failure or dust filter overload.

[0007] In summary, current forging equipment urgently needs an integrated design that can achieve precise positioning, real-time cleaning, and adaptive dust removal during the forging process, so as to improve the operating stability, cleanliness, and positioning accuracy of the forging system under high-intensity processing tasks. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the abstract and title of this application to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, the abstract and the title of the invention, and such simplifications or omissions should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0009] Therefore, in order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a forging device for machining mechanical parts, comprising: The forging execution unit includes a vertically arranged hydraulic driving member and a forging head fixed to the bottom end thereof, wherein the forging head is arranged in alignment with the columnar workpiece on the processing table; The adaptive positioning unit is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the processing table, and includes an elastic baffle hinged to the bracket through a torsion spring, and the bottom of the elastic baffle abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the workpiece and is distributed in an inverted eight shape; Linked cleaning unit, including: The horizontal cleaning plate has a cleaning brush at the bottom and is slidably connected to the corresponding slide groove on the processing table through a slider. The two sides of the horizontal cleaning plate are slidably matched with the bottom of the elastic baffle through the sliding guide groove; The longitudinal cleaning plate is vertically arranged at both ends of the transverse cleaning plate, and a cleaning brush is also provided at the bottom. The longitudinal cleaning plate is movably connected to the transverse cleaning plate through a linkage swing rod, and its bottom is also slidably connected to the corresponding slide groove on the processing table through a slider; The bottom of the transverse cleaning plate and the longitudinal cleaning plate is provided with a mounting cavity, inside which a crushing tooth roller is rotatably arranged; The four-corner scraper is made of high-temperature resistant elastic material and has a pleated portion. Its inner edge fits the outer wall of the workpiece, and its two ends are fixed to the inner wall of the horizontal cleaning plate and the vertical cleaning plate respectively; The support and guide unit includes four groups of support columns in a rectangular array and a mounting base fixed to the top of the support columns, and the hydraulic drive member is fixed in the mounting base; The dust removal unit includes a negative pressure generator, a dust collection box and the following components located at the bottom of the processing table: The main dust collection channel is rectangular and runs through the center of the processing table; The auxiliary dust suction channel is arranged around the periphery of the main dust suction channel and both are connected to the dust collection box; As a preferred solution of the forging device for machining mechanical parts described in the present invention, a torsion spring is sleeved on the hinge shaft of the elastic baffle, and the two ends of the torsion spring respectively abut the bracket and the side of the elastic baffle facing away from the workpiece. When the workpiece is forged and expanded, the elastic baffle is pushed to swing outward, and then the transverse cleaning plate is driven to move along the corresponding slide groove through the sliding guide groove.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the forging device for machining mechanical parts described in the present invention, one end of the linkage rocker is hinged to the longitudinal cleaning plate, and the other end is hinged to the transverse cleaning plate to form a deformable connecting rod mechanism; when the two groups of transverse cleaning plates move away from each other, the longitudinal cleaning plate is pulled outward along the longitudinal direction of the processing table by the linkage rocker, thereby performing four-way cleaning of the processing table.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the forging device for processing mechanical parts described in the present invention, an L-shaped dead angle area is formed at the connection between the transverse cleaning plate and the longitudinal cleaning plate, and the four-corner scraping belt is arranged in the L-shaped dead angle area. The bottom of the four-corner scraping belt is arranged in contact with the processing table. When the diameter of the workpiece increases, the wrinkled part is stretched and deformed by the pulling force of the transverse cleaning plate and the longitudinal cleaning plate, as well as the extrusion force of the workpiece, and continues to fit the outer edge of the workpiece to scrape off the debris on the outer edge of the workpiece; the inner edge of the auxiliary dust suction channel is tangent to the circumscribed circle of the maximum forging diameter of the workpiece, so that the debris scraped by the four-corner scraping belt directly enters the auxiliary dust suction channel.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the forging device for machining mechanical parts of the present invention, the rotation axis of the grinding tooth roller is perpendicular to the moving direction of the transverse cleaning plate, and the grinding tooth roller is provided with conical dense teeth in the circumference.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the forging device for machining mechanical parts described in the present invention, the cleaning brush is arranged on the side of the installation cavity close to the workpiece, the tooth tip height of the conical dense teeth is lower than the working height of the cleaning brush, and the bottom of the cleaning brush is arranged in a gap with the processing table; when the crushing tooth roller passes through large-particle debris, it is passively rotated by the resistance of the debris, and the debris is broken into particles with a particle size smaller than the aperture of the main dust suction channel through the shearing action of the conical dense teeth; the crushed debris is directly sucked into the main dust suction channel under the action of negative pressure, and the particles that are not completely crushed are pushed into the auxiliary dust suction channel by the cleaning brush for secondary collection.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the forging device for machining mechanical parts described in the present invention, the diameter of the workpiece gradually increases after being pressurized by the forging head, and the adsorption area of ​​the main dust suction channel expands as the diameter of the workpiece increases, thereby assisting in positioning the workpiece.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the forging device for machining mechanical parts described in the present invention, there are four groups of auxiliary dust suction channels, which are respectively arranged around the main dust suction channel, and the groove width of the auxiliary dust suction channel is larger than the aperture of the main dust suction channel.

[0016] As a preferred solution of the forging device for machining mechanical parts described in the present invention, the negative pressure generator is connected to the main dust suction channel and the auxiliary dust suction channel at the same time through a dust collecting hopper, and a filter screen is provided in the dust collecting hopper.

[0017] A forging method for a forging device for machining mechanical parts, the method being applicable to any of the forging devices for machining mechanical parts described above, comprising the following steps: S1: The hydraulic drive element drives the forging head to apply vertical forging force to the cylindrical workpiece, and at the same time triggers the elastic baffle to maintain dynamic contact with the outer wall of the workpiece under the action of the torsion spring preload; As the diameter of the workpiece gradually increases, the elastic baffles distributed in an inverted eight-shaped pattern are continuously pushed outward, and their outward swing motion is converted into horizontal displacement of the transverse cleaning plate through the sliding guide groove; S2: When the transverse cleaning plate moves along the corresponding chute, the longitudinal cleaning plate is driven to move longitudinally synchronously through the linkage swing rod, forming a four-way coordinated cleaning of the processing table; During the movement, the scraping belts at the four corners are stretched so that their wrinkles continuously fit the outer edge of the expanding workpiece. At the same time, the debris on the bottom of the transverse and longitudinal cleaning plates triggers the passive rotation of the crushing tooth rollers, which crush the debris into adsorbable particles in the main dust collection channel through the shearing action of the conical dense teeth. S3: Crushed debris is sucked in real time by the main suction channel, and substandard debris is collected by the cleaning brush until it is pushed to the secondary suction channel for collection. At the same time, the suction area at the bottom of the workpiece expands as the diameter increases, and the negative pressure continuously assists in positioning and centering the workpiece. Since an L-shaped dead corner is formed at the connection between the horizontal and vertical cleaning plates, the scraping belts at the four corners continuously adhere to the outer edge of the workpiece through the tensile deformation of the folds, scraping the debris in the L-shaped dead corner into the auxiliary dust suction channel and the main dust suction channel, ultimately completing the complete removal of debris from the tabletop. S4: When the forging head returns, the elastic baffle is reset under the action of the torsion spring, driving the transverse cleaning plate and the longitudinal cleaning plate to return to their initial positions; The four-corner scrapers shrink by elastic restoring force, preparing for the next forging operation.

[0018] Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. The present invention uses an elastic baffle with a pre-tightened torsion spring in the adaptive positioning unit to automatically adjust the clamping force according to the radial deformation trend of the workpiece, achieving dynamic clamping and flexible adaptation during the forging process, effectively avoiding the workpiece shaking problem caused by interference or gap in traditional rigid positioning structures; The outward swinging motion of the elastic baffle is used to drive the lateral cleaning plate and the longitudinal cleaning plate of the linked cleaning unit to move in coordination, forming a closed-loop logic of "forging drive-positioning deformation-cleaning linkage", so that the cleaning action can be executed synchronously without additional control devices, thereby improving the intelligence of the system and reducing the control complexity.

[0019] 2. The present invention provides a four-corner scraper belt for use with an L-shaped blind spot cleaning method. The combination of a pleated structure and an elastic prestressed design ensures that the scraper belt always adheres to the edge of the workpiece during the expansion of the workpiece outer diameter, avoiding blind spots and forming a directional guidance effect, so that the debris falls accurately into the auxiliary dust collection channel. The setting of the crushing tooth roller not only improves the debris processing capacity, but also forms a multi-stage crushing mechanism of mechanical shearing + brushing and aggregation through its passive rotation mode and the synergistic effect of the cleaning brush wire, which solves the problem of large-particle debris blocking the main dust collection channel and ensures the stable operation of the dust collection system.

[0020] 3. By designing the main dust suction channel into a honeycomb porous structure, the present invention can expand the suction area in real time as the diameter of the workpiece expands, which not only improves the debris suction efficiency but also provides negative pressure to assist in positioning the workpiece during the forging stage, thereby improving its coaxiality. The auxiliary dust collection channels are arranged in a four-way rectangular array, covering the entire range of motion of the cleaning plate to improve the efficiency of debris capture. At the same time, they are connected to the dust collection box through the main and auxiliary channels respectively and driven by a single negative pressure generator, which simplifies the piping structure and improves the response efficiency and maintenance convenience of the dust collection system.

[0021] 4. The forging method proposed in the present invention controls the cleaning rhythm and reset process in stages to form a complete processing closed loop of "forging start-up, linked cleaning, three-level dust removal, and system reset". It not only realizes fully automatic cleaning and positioning, but also provides a feasible path for unmanned operation, intelligent upgrading and high-speed batch manufacturing of forging equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort. Among them: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a bottom view structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the adaptive positioning unit of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the specific structure of part A.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the local specific structure in.

[0028] Figure 7Schematic diagram of the state change of the adaptive positioning unit and the linked cleaning unit of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the specific structure of Part B.

[0030] Figure 9 It is a workflow diagram of the forging method of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure, 100 is a forging execution unit; 101 is a hydraulic driving component; 102 is a forging head; 200, adaptive positioning unit; 201, bracket; 202, torsion spring; 203, elastic baffle; 204, sliding guide groove; 300, processing table; 400, linked cleaning unit; 401, transverse cleaning plate; 402, longitudinal cleaning plate; 403, linked swing arm; 404, four-corner scraping belt; 4041, pleated portion; 405, cleaning brush; 406, slider; 407, crushing gear roller; 4071, conical dense teeth; 408, mounting cavity; 500, support guide unit; 501, support column; 502, mounting base; 600, dust removal unit; 601, negative pressure generator; 602, dust collection box; 603, main dust suction channel; 604, auxiliary dust suction channel; 605, dust collection hopper; 606, filter plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0034] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments.

[0035] Furthermore, the present invention is described in detail with reference to schematic diagrams. For ease of illustration, when describing the embodiments of the present invention, cross-sectional views illustrating device structures may be partially enlarged and not to scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely illustrative and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width, and depth should be included.

[0036] Reference Figures 1 to 9 , an embodiment of the present invention, provides a forging device for machining mechanical parts, comprising a forging execution unit 100, an adaptive positioning unit 200, a linkage cleaning unit 400, a support and guide unit 500, and a dust removal unit 600. These units achieve self-cleaning and precise positioning during the forging process through the coordinated cooperation of mechanical linkage and airflow channels.

[0037] The details are as follows: The forging execution unit 100 includes a vertically arranged hydraulic drive component 101 and a forging head 102 fixed to its bottom end, wherein the hydraulic drive component 101 can preferably adopt a hydraulic cylinder structure, and the end of its piston rod can be connected to the forging head 102 through a flange; the lower pressing surface of the forging head 102 is used to contact the end of the workpiece (such as various cylindrical metal blanks: such as steel forgings, aluminum alloy bars) and form a vertical forging station above the processing table 300; the processing table 300 can be made of high-carbon steel, and the surface is quenched to improve wear resistance.

[0038] The support and guide unit 500 includes four groups of support columns 501 in a rectangular array and a mounting base 502 fixed to the top of the support columns. The hydraulic drive component 101 is fixed in the mounting base 502 .

[0039] Adaptive positioning unit 200 (as shown in the attached Figures 1 to 4 As shown), the two sets of symmetrically arranged elastic baffles 203 can be mounted on the bracket 201 via a stainless steel hinge shaft. The bracket 201 is an L-shaped steel structure, and its vertical plates can be fixed to both sides of the processing table 300 by bolts. The contact surface of the elastic baffle 203 can be lined with a polyurethane buffer layer. In the initial state, the two baffles are distributed in an inverted eight-shaped shape, and the arc surface at the bottom maintains linear contact with the outer diameter of the workpiece. A torsion spring 202 is arranged on the stainless steel hinge shaft, and the two ends of the torsion spring 202 respectively abut against the bracket 201 and the side of the elastic baffle 203 facing away from the workpiece (as shown in the attached Figure 6 As shown in the figure), when the workpiece is forged and expanded, the elastic baffle 203 is pushed outward, and then the transverse cleaning plate 401 is driven to move along the corresponding slide groove (i.e., the auxiliary dust suction channel 604) through the sliding guide groove 204. The pre-tightening force of the torsion spring 202 makes the elastic baffle 203 always have a tendency to close inward.

[0040] Linkage cleaning unit 400 (as attached Figure 6As shown), the unit includes a transverse cleaning plate 401, a longitudinal cleaning plate 402, a crushing tooth roller 407 and a four-corner scraping belt 404: The horizontal cleaning plate 401 is slidably connected to the corresponding slide groove on the processing table 300 through the slider 406, and its two sides are slidably matched with the bottom of the elastic baffle 203 through the sliding guide groove 204; The longitudinal cleaning plates 402 are arranged perpendicularly to the ends of the transverse cleaning plates 401, and are also provided with cleaning brushes 405 at their bottoms. The bottoms of the longitudinal cleaning plates 402 are also slidably connected to corresponding slide grooves on the processing table 300 via sliders 406. The linkage swing rod 403 is hinged at one end to the longitudinal cleaning plates 402 and at the other end to the transverse cleaning plates 401, forming a deformable linkage mechanism. When the two sets of transverse cleaning plates 401 move away from each other, the linkage swing rod 403 pulls the longitudinal cleaning plates 402 outward in the longitudinal direction of the processing table 300, thereby cleaning the processing table 300 in four directions. The connection between the transverse cleaning plate 401 and the longitudinal cleaning plate 402 forms an L-shaped dead angle area 402a; The bottom of the transverse cleaning plate 401 and the longitudinal cleaning plate 402 is provided with an installation cavity 408, inside which a grinding tooth roller 407 is rotatably installed, and a cleaning brush filament 405 is arranged on the side of the installation cavity 408 close to the workpiece, and the cleaning brush filament 405 is arranged in a comb-like shape; The two ends of the crushing tooth roller 407 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the installation cavity 408 through bearings, and its conical dense teeth 4071 can be formed by hard alloy surfacing welding; the rotation axis of the crushing tooth roller 407 is arranged perpendicular to the moving direction of the horizontal cleaning plate 401, and the crushing tooth roller 407 is circumferentially provided with conical dense teeth 4071; the tooth tip height of the conical dense teeth 4071 is lower than the working height of the cleaning brush wire 405, and the bottom of the cleaning brush wire 405 is arranged in a gap with the processing table 300; when the crushing tooth roller 407 passes through large-particle debris, it is passively rotated by the resistance of the debris, and the debris is crushed into particles with a particle size smaller than the aperture of the main dust suction channel 603 through the shearing action of the conical dense teeth 4071; the crushed debris is directly sucked into the main dust suction channel 603 under the action of negative pressure, and the particles that are not completely crushed are further pushed into the auxiliary dust suction channel 604 by the cleaning brush wire 405 for secondary collection; The four-corner scraping belt 404 is made of high-temperature resistant elastic material and is provided with a plurality of spaced-apart pleated portions 4041, the inner edge of which fits the outer wall of the workpiece, and the two ends are respectively fixed to the inner walls of the transverse cleaning plate 401 and the longitudinal cleaning plate 402; the four-corner scraping belt 404 is arranged in the L-shaped dead angle area, and the bottom of the four-corner scraping belt 404 fits the processing table 300. When the diameter of the workpiece increases, the pleated portion 4041 is stretched and deformed by the pulling force of the transverse cleaning plate 401 and the longitudinal cleaning plate 402, as well as the extrusion force of the workpiece, and continues to fit the outer edge of the workpiece to scrape off the debris on the outer edge of the workpiece; the inner edge of the auxiliary dust suction channel 604 is tangent to the circumscribed circle of the maximum forging diameter of the workpiece, so that the debris scraped by the four-corner scraping belt 404 directly enters the auxiliary dust suction channel 604.

[0041] Dust removal unit 600 (as attached Figure 3 As shown), including a negative pressure generator 601, a dust collecting box 602 and the following components located at the bottom of the processing table 300: The main dust suction channel 603 is a honeycomb porous structure with a rectangular shape and is arranged in the central area of ​​the processing table 300; the diameter of the workpiece gradually increases after being pressurized by the forging head 102, and the adsorption area of ​​the main dust suction channel 603 expands as the diameter of the workpiece increases, thereby assisting in positioning the workpiece; the auxiliary dust suction channel 604 is arranged around the periphery of the main dust suction channel 603 and both are connected to the dust collecting box 602; the auxiliary dust suction channel 604 is provided with four groups, which are arranged around the main dust suction channel 603 respectively, and the groove width of the auxiliary dust suction channel 604 is larger than the aperture of the main dust suction channel 603; the negative pressure generator 601 is connected to the main dust suction channel 603 and the auxiliary dust suction channel 604 at the same time through the dust collecting hopper 605, and a filter plate 606 is provided in the dust collecting hopper 605.

[0042] Reference Figure 9 A forging method for a forging device for machining mechanical parts, which is applicable to any of the forging devices for machining mechanical parts described above, comprises the following steps: S1: Forging start-up phase (see attached Figure 8 The arrow starts from the side shown); The hydraulic drive 101 drives the forging head 102 to apply vertical forging force to the cylindrical workpiece, and at the same time triggers the elastic baffle 203 to maintain dynamic contact with the outer peripheral wall of the workpiece under the preload force of the torsion spring 202. The preload force of the torsion spring 202 is designed to allow the baffle to swing outward while maintaining sufficient restoring torque. As the diameter of the workpiece gradually increases, the elastic baffle 203 distributed in an inverted figure eight shape is continuously pushed outward, and its outward swing motion is converted into a horizontal displacement of the transverse cleaning plate 401 through the sliding guide groove 204; S2: Linkage cleaning stage (such as the attached Figure 8 Arrow indicates terminal side as shown); When the transverse cleaning plate 401 moves along the corresponding chute, the longitudinal cleaning plate 402 is driven to move longitudinally synchronously through the linkage rocker 403, forming a "mouth"-shaped cleaning path, thereby achieving four-way coordinated cleaning of the processing table 300; During the movement, the four-corner scraper belt 404 is stretched so that its folded portion 4041 continuously adheres to the outer edge of the expanding workpiece. At the same time, the debris resistance at the bottom of the transverse cleaning plate 401 and the longitudinal cleaning plate 402 causes the crushing tooth roller 407 to rotate passively. The shearing action of the conical dense teeth 4071 crushes the debris into particles of a size that can be absorbed by the main dust suction channel 603. The four-corner scraper 404 maintains linear contact with the workpiece through the tensile deformation of the folded portion 4041, preventing debris from entering the L-shaped dead corner area 402a. At the same time, it continues to adhere to the outer edge of the workpiece, scraping the debris in the L-shaped dead corner area into the auxiliary dust collection channel 604 and the main dust collection channel 603, thereby completely removing the remaining debris on the table. S3: three-stage dust removal stage; The debris crushed by the crushing tooth roller 407 is sucked into the main dust collection channel 603 in real time, and the debris that does not meet the standards is collected by the cleaning brush 405 until it is pushed to the auxiliary dust collection channel 604 for collection; the debris scraped by the four-corner scraper 404 slides into the dust collection hopper 605; At the same time, the adsorption area at the bottom of the workpiece expands as the diameter increases, and the negative pressure plays a role in continuously assisting in positioning and centering the workpiece. S4: reset preparation stage; When the forging head 102 returns, the elastic baffle 203 is reset under the action of the torsion spring 202, driving the transverse cleaning plate 401 and the longitudinal cleaning plate 402 to return to their initial positions; The four-corner scraper strips 404 are retracted by elastic restoring force to prepare for the next forging operation.

[0043] The present invention provides a forging device and a forging method for machining mechanical parts, which deeply integrate the entire process of "forging, positioning, cleaning, and dust removal". Through structural coordination and functional linkage, the performance of the forging equipment in terms of cleanliness, positioning accuracy, and system integration is significantly improved.

[0044] Different from the traditional "forging + independent vacuuming or positioning" device, the present invention realizes linkage triggering, structural joint control and functional complementarity among multiple subsystems, such as synchronous elastic positioning and cleaning, coordinated crushing adsorption and negative pressure positioning, etc., reflecting a high level of system engineering design concept and possessing creative technological breakthroughs.

[0045] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A forging device for machining mechanical parts, characterized in that: include: A forging execution unit (100) includes a vertically arranged hydraulic driving member (101) and a forging head (102) fixed to the bottom end thereof, wherein the forging head (102) is arranged in alignment with the columnar workpiece on the processing table (300); The adaptive positioning unit (200) is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the processing table (300), and includes an elastic baffle (203) hinged to the bracket (201) via a torsion spring (202), wherein the bottom of the elastic baffle (203) abuts against the outer peripheral wall of the workpiece and is distributed in an inverted figure eight shape; The linked cleaning unit (400) comprises: A transverse cleaning plate (401) is provided with a cleaning brush (405) at the bottom thereof and is slidably connected to a corresponding slide groove on the processing table (300) via a slider (406); both sides of the transverse cleaning plate (401) are slidably engaged with the bottom of the elastic baffle (203) via a sliding guide groove (204); The longitudinal cleaning plate (402) is vertically arranged at both ends of the transverse cleaning plate (401), and a cleaning brush (405) is also provided at the bottom. The longitudinal cleaning plate (402) is movably connected to the transverse cleaning plate (401) through a linkage swing rod (403), and its bottom is also slidably connected to a corresponding slide groove on the processing table (300) through a slider (406); The bottoms of the transverse cleaning plate (401) and the longitudinal cleaning plate (402) are provided with a mounting cavity (408), inside which a crushing tooth roller (407) is rotatably arranged; The four-corner scraping strip (404) is made of a high-temperature resistant elastic material and is provided with a pleated portion (4041), the inner edge of which fits the outer peripheral wall of the workpiece, and the two ends are respectively fixed to the inner side walls of the horizontal cleaning plate (401) and the longitudinal cleaning plate (402); The support guide unit (500) comprises four groups of rectangular array support columns (501) and a mounting base (502) fixed to the top of the support columns, wherein the hydraulic drive member (101) is fixed in the mounting base (502); The dust removal unit (600) includes a negative pressure generator (601), a dust collection box (602), and the following components located at the bottom of the processing table (300): The main dust suction channel (603) is rectangular and runs through the center area of ​​the processing table (300); The auxiliary dust suction channel (604) is arranged around the periphery of the main dust suction channel (603) and both are connected to the dust collection box (602); A forging device for machining mechanical parts as described in claim 1, characterized in that a torsion spring (202) is sleeved on the hinge shaft of the elastic baffle (203), and the two ends of the torsion spring (202) respectively abut against the bracket (201) and the side of the elastic baffle (203) facing away from the workpiece, and when the workpiece is forged and expanded, the elastic baffle (203) is pushed to swing outward, and then the transverse cleaning plate (401) is driven to move along the corresponding slide groove through the sliding guide groove (204).

2. A forging device for machining mechanical parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: One end of the linkage swing rod (403) is hinged to the longitudinal cleaning plate (402), and the other end is hinged to the transverse cleaning plate (401), forming a deformable link mechanism; when the two sets of transverse cleaning plates (401) move away from each other, the linkage swing rod (403) pulls the longitudinal cleaning plate (402) to move outward along the longitudinal direction of the processing table (300), thereby performing four-directional cleaning on the processing table (300).

3. A forging device for machining mechanical parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: An L-shaped dead angle area is formed at the connection between the transverse cleaning plate (401) and the longitudinal cleaning plate (402), and the four-corner scraping belt (404) is arranged in the L-shaped dead angle area. The bottom of the four-corner scraping belt (404) is arranged in contact with the processing table (300). When the diameter of the workpiece increases, the folded portion (4041) is subjected to the pulling force of the transverse cleaning plate (401) and the longitudinal cleaning plate (402), as well as the extrusion force of the workpiece, and is stretched and deformed, and continuously adheres to the outer edge of the workpiece to scrape off the debris on the outer edge of the workpiece; the inner edge of the auxiliary dust suction channel (604) is tangent to the circumscribed circle of the maximum forging diameter of the workpiece, so that the debris scraped by the four-corner scraping belt (404) directly enters the auxiliary dust suction channel (604).

4. A forging device for machining mechanical parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotation axis of the crushing tooth roller (407) is arranged perpendicular to the moving direction of the transverse cleaning plate (401), and the crushing tooth roller (407) is provided with conical dense teeth (4071) in the circumferential direction.

5. A forging device for machining mechanical parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cleaning brush filament (405) is arranged on a side of the installation cavity (408) close to the workpiece, the tooth tip height of the conical dense teeth (4071) is lower than the working height of the cleaning brush filament (405), and the bottom of the cleaning brush filament (405) is arranged in a gap with the processing table (300); when the crushing tooth roller (407) passes through large-particle debris, it is passively rotated due to the resistance of the debris, and the debris is crushed into particles with a particle size smaller than the aperture of the main dust suction channel (603) through the shearing action of the conical dense teeth (4071); the crushed debris is directly sucked into the main dust suction channel (603) under the action of negative pressure, and the particles that are not completely crushed are further pushed into the auxiliary dust suction channel (604) by the cleaning brush filament (405) for secondary collection.

6. A forging device for machining mechanical parts according to claim 6, characterized in that: The diameter of the workpiece gradually increases after being pressed by the forging head (102), and the adsorption area of ​​the main dust suction channel (603) expands as the diameter of the workpiece increases, thereby assisting in positioning the workpiece.

7. A forging device for machining mechanical parts according to claim 7, characterized in that: The auxiliary dust suction channels (604) are provided in four groups, which are respectively arranged around the main dust suction channel (603), and the groove width of the auxiliary dust suction channels (604) is larger than the aperture of the main dust suction channel (603).

8. A forging device for machining mechanical parts according to claim 8, characterized in that: The negative pressure generator (601) is connected to the main dust suction channel (603) and the auxiliary dust suction channel (604) via a dust collecting hopper (605), and a filter screen (606) is provided in the dust collecting hopper (605).

9. A forging method for a forging device for machining mechanical parts, the method being applicable to the forging device for machining mechanical parts according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: The hydraulic driving member (101) drives the forging head (102) to apply vertical forging pressure to the cylindrical workpiece, and at the same time triggers the elastic baffle (203) to maintain dynamic contact with the outer peripheral wall of the workpiece under the preload force of the torsion spring (202); As the diameter of the workpiece gradually increases, the elastic baffle (203) distributed in an inverted figure eight shape is continuously pushed outward, and its outward swing motion is converted into a horizontal displacement of the transverse cleaning plate (401) through the sliding guide groove (204); S2: When the transverse cleaning plate (401) moves along the corresponding chute, the longitudinal cleaning plate (402) is driven to move longitudinally synchronously through the linkage rocker (403), thereby forming a four-directional coordinated cleaning of the processing table (300); During the movement, the four-corner scraping belt (404) is stretched so that its wrinkled portion (4041) continuously adheres to the outer edge of the expanding workpiece. At the same time, the debris at the bottom of the transverse cleaning plate (401) and the longitudinal cleaning plate (402) triggers the passive rotation of the crushing tooth roller (407), and the shearing action of the conical dense teeth (4071) crushes the debris into adsorbable particle sizes in the main dust suction channel (603); S3: The crushed debris is sucked in real time by the main dust suction channel (603), and the debris that does not meet the standards is collected by the cleaning brush (405) until it is pushed to the auxiliary dust suction channel (604) for collection; at the same time, the adsorption area at the bottom of the workpiece expands as the diameter increases, and the negative pressure plays a role in continuously assisting the positioning and centering of the workpiece; Since an L-shaped dead angle is formed at the connection between the transverse cleaning plate (401) and the longitudinal cleaning plate (402), the four-corner scraping belt (404) continuously adheres to the outer edge surface of the workpiece through the tensile deformation of the folded portion (4041), and scrapes the debris in the L-shaped dead angle in a directionally manner into the auxiliary dust suction channel (604) and the main dust suction channel (603), thereby completing the comprehensive removal of the tabletop debris. S4: When the forging head (102) returns, the elastic baffle (203) is reset under the action of the torsion spring (202), driving the transverse cleaning plate (401) and the longitudinal cleaning plate (402) to return to their initial positions; The four-corner scraping strips (404) are contracted by elastic restoring force to prepare for the next forging operation.

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