Hydrogen ejector for fuel cell and hydrogen circulation system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of cells, and relates to a hydrogen ejector for a fuel cell, which comprises a mixing chamber, a buffer chamber, a jet flow gas inlet, a liquid discharge hole, an ejection chamber and a plurality of jet flow holes, one end of the first nozzle is located outside the buffer chamber, the other end of the first nozzle penetrates through the side wall of the buffer chamber and then is located in the injection chamber, the part, located in the injection chamber, of the first nozzle is of a gradually-shrunk tubular structure, and a plurality of first arc-shaped rotational flow grooves are evenly formed in the position, close to the gradually-shrunk tubular structure, of the side face of the first nozzle in the circumferential direction of the first nozzle; each first arc-shaped rotational flow groove is formed in the length direction of the first nozzle, and the positions of the multiple first arc-shaped rotational flow grooves correspond to the positions of the multiple jet flow holes in a one-to-one mode. According to the invention, unreacted hydrogen entering the injection chamber can form rotational flow, so that water vapor is separated under the action of centrifugal force, the content of the water vapor in the unreacted hydrogen is reduced, the water logging phenomenon caused by the fact that excessive water vapor increases the resistance of the hydrogen entering an electrode is avoided, and the performance of the fuel cell is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of batteries and relates to a hydrogen ejector for a fuel cell and a hydrogen circulation system. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell is a device that converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy. It generates electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, and is characterized by high efficiency and low emissions. During fuel cell operation, a hydrogen circulation system is typically used to recycle unreacted hydrogen to prevent environmental pollution and energy waste. The hydrogen ejector, a key component of the fuel cell's hydrogen circulation system, directly determines its efficiency, thereby affecting the fuel cell's power and economy, the internal water balance of the stack, and the life of the membrane electrode.

[0003] At present, the existing hydrogen ejector includes an air inlet, a nozzle, a low-pressure air intake and a mixing chamber. Hydrogen enters from the air inlet and forms a high-speed airflow at the nozzle, forming a low-pressure area downstream of the nozzle. The unreacted hydrogen flowing out of the anode of the fuel cell is sucked in through the low-pressure air intake downstream of the nozzle, and enters the mixing chamber together for mixing, and then enters the cathode of the fuel cell together, so that the hydrogen cycle can be realized without consuming additional energy.

[0004] However, since water is produced during the chemical reaction of hydrogen, and this water sometimes exists in the form of water vapor, some water vapor will be brought in when the unreacted hydrogen enters the hydrogen ejector for circulation. Excessive water vapor may increase the resistance of hydrogen entering the electrode, causing flooding and reducing the performance of the fuel cell. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen ejector and a hydrogen circulation system for a fuel cell, which can reduce the water vapor content brought into the hydrogen ejector by unreacted hydrogen, avoid excessive water vapor increasing the resistance of hydrogen entering the electrode and causing flooding, and improve the performance of the fuel cell.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a fuel cell hydrogen ejector and a hydrogen circulation system with the following specific technical solutions:

[0007] A hydrogen ejector for a fuel cell, comprising a mixing chamber and further comprising:

[0008] The buffer chamber is provided on one side of the mixing chamber. A jet air inlet is provided on one side of the buffer chamber. The jet air inlet is used to connect to the anode of the fuel cell. A drainage hole is provided at the bottom of the buffer chamber.

[0009] The ejection chamber is a tubular structure, which is horizontally arranged inside the buffer chamber. One end of the ejection chamber passes through the inner wall of the buffer chamber and is connected to the mixing chamber. The other end of the ejection chamber is connected to the inner wall of the buffer chamber. A plurality of ejection holes are evenly opened on the side of the ejection chamber along its circumference.

[0010] The first nozzle is arranged horizontally, and one end is located outside the buffer chamber. The other end of the first nozzle is located in the ejection chamber after passing through the side wall of the buffer chamber. The part of the first nozzle located in the ejection chamber is a tapered tubular structure. A plurality of first arc-shaped swirl grooves are evenly opened along the circumference of the side of the first nozzle near the tapered tubular structure. Each first arc-shaped swirl groove is arranged along the length direction of the first nozzle, and the positions of the plurality of first arc-shaped swirl grooves correspond one-to-one to the positions of the plurality of jet holes.

[0011] The present invention is also characterized in that:

[0012] A second nozzle is horizontally arranged inside the first nozzle, and the second nozzle is coaxially arranged with the first nozzle. The end of the first nozzle located outside the buffer chamber is a closed end, a tangential air inlet is provided on the side of the first nozzle near the closed end, and a first air outlet is provided at the other end of the first nozzle. One end of the second nozzle passes through the closed end of the first nozzle and is located outside the first nozzle and is provided with a forward air inlet, and the other end of the second nozzle is provided with a second air outlet. The part of the second nozzle located in the buffer chamber has the same structure as the first nozzle.

[0013] A second arc-shaped swirl groove is provided on the side surface of the second nozzle near each first arc-shaped swirl groove.

[0014] The mixing chamber is a tubular structure, and the end of the mixing chamber away from the buffer chamber is connected to the diffusion chamber. The diffusion chamber is a gradually expanding tubular structure. The end of the diffusion chamber away from the mixing chamber is used to connect to the cathode of the fuel cell. A bypass tube is provided on the side of the mixing chamber near the diffusion chamber.

[0015] A hydrogen circulation system for a fuel cell, comprising:

[0016] The high-pressure hydrogen cylinder has an output end connected to the tangential air inlet and the forward air inlet respectively, and the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder is used to store high-pressure hydrogen;

[0017] The gas-liquid separator is arranged between the jet air inlet and the fuel cell, the inlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the anode of the fuel cell, and the outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the jet air inlet.

[0018] A heating humidifier is provided between the diffusion chamber and the fuel cell, the inlet of the heating humidifier is connected to the diffusion chamber, and the outlet of the heating humidifier is connected to the cathode of the fuel cell.

[0019] A bypass injector is provided between the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder and the heating humidifier, the inlet of the bypass injector is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder, and the outlet of the bypass injector is connected to the inlet of the heating humidifier.

[0020] The outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the bypass pipe.

[0021] A high-pressure relief valve is provided at the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder, a first proportional valve is provided between the high-pressure relief valve and the first nozzle, a second proportional valve is provided between the high-pressure relief valve and the second nozzle, a one-way valve is provided at the outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and a third proportional valve is provided between the one-way valve and the bypass pipe.

[0022] The hydrogen ejector and hydrogen circulation system for a fuel cell of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0023] First, through the cooperation of the mixing chamber, the buffer chamber, the ejection chamber, multiple jet inlets, the first nozzle and the multiple first arc-shaped swirl grooves, the unreacted hydrogen entering the ejection chamber can form a swirl, so that the water vapor is separated under the action of centrifugal force, reducing the water vapor content in the unreacted hydrogen, avoiding the flooding phenomenon caused by excessive water vapor increasing the resistance of hydrogen entering the electrode, and improving the performance of the fuel cell. At the same time, after the unreacted hydrogen forms a swirl and meets the high-pressure hydrogen mainstream, the momentum exchange between the two fluids is better carried out under the action of shear collision, thereby increasing the entrainment performance, so as to ensure that the entrainment ratio of the device is greater than the hydrogen excess ratio, and realize the recovery and reuse of hydrogen at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0024] Second, by coordinating the second nozzle and the multiple second arc-shaped swirl grooves thereon with the first nozzle, the tangential high-pressure hydrogen entering the first nozzle can form a swirl when passing through the multiple second arc-shaped swirl grooves on the side of the second nozzle, thereby improving the turbulence level and suction capacity at the first gas outlet, further improving the separation effect of water vapor in the unreacted hydrogen, and also further improving the entrainment performance of the device.

[0025] Third, the present invention can effectively improve the injection coefficient and broaden the working range by coordinating the first nozzle and the second nozzle, meeting the injection requirements under different working conditions, thereby fully covering the entire fuel cell stack power range.

[0026] Fourth, by providing a gas-liquid separator in the hydrogen circulation system, the water vapor in the unreacted hydrogen can be preliminarily separated before entering the buffer chamber, further reducing the content of water vapor in the unreacted hydrogen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the main structure of the hydrogen ejector in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal main structure of the hydrogen ejector of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the side structure of the ejection chamber of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tapered tubular structure of the first nozzle in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 Schematic side view of the tapered tubular structure of the first nozzle of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the tapered tubular structure of the second nozzle in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 Schematic side view of the tapered tubular structure of the second nozzle of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the side structure of the first nozzle and the second nozzle in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hydrogen circulation system in the present invention.

[0036] Reference numerals:

[0037] 1. First nozzle; 101. Tangential air inlet; 102. First air outlet; 103. First arc-shaped swirl groove; 2. Second nozzle; 201. Forward air inlet; 202. Second air outlet; 203. Second arc-shaped swirl groove; 3. Injection chamber; 301. Jet hole; 4. Mixing chamber; 401. Bypass pipe; 5. Diffuser chamber; 6. Buffer chamber; 601. Jet air inlet; 602. Drain hole; 7. High-pressure hydrogen cylinder; 8. High-pressure relief valve; 9. Bypass ejector; 10. First proportional valve; 11. Heating humidifier; 12. One-way valve; 13. Gas-liquid separator; 14. Second proportional valve; 15. Third proportional valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solutions in the present application will be described clearly and in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, " / " means or, for example, A / B can mean A or B: "and / or" in the text is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, such as A and / or B, which can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, "multiple" refers to two or more than two. The following terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0039] like Figure 1 、 2, 3, 4, and 5, the present invention provides a hydrogen ejector and a hydrogen circulation system for a fuel cell, comprising a mixing chamber 4, a buffer chamber 6, an ejection chamber 3, and a first nozzle 1. The buffer chamber 6 is arranged on one side of the mixing chamber 4. The buffer chamber 6 is a tubular structure with both ends closed. A jet air inlet 601 is provided on one side of the buffer chamber 6. The jet air inlet 601 is used to be connected to the anode of the fuel cell to facilitate the introduction of unreacted hydrogen from the anode of the fuel cell, that is, the jet air inlet 601 is provided at the end of the buffer chamber 6 close to the mixing chamber 4. A drainage hole 602 is provided at the lower part of the buffer chamber 6. The ejection chamber 3 is a tubular structure. The ejection chamber 3 is horizontal. It is arranged inside the buffer chamber 6, one end of the ejection chamber 3 passes through the inner wall of the buffer chamber 6 and is connected to the mixing chamber 4, the other end of the ejection chamber 3 is connected to the inner wall of the buffer chamber 6, and a plurality of jet holes 301 are evenly opened on the side of the ejection chamber 3 along its circumference. The first nozzle 1 is arranged horizontally and one end is located outside the buffer chamber 6, and the other end of the first nozzle 1 passes through the side wall of the buffer chamber 6 and is located in the ejection chamber 3. The first nozzle 1 is located on the side of the buffer chamber 6 away from the mixing chamber 4. The part of the first nozzle 1 located in the ejection chamber 3 is a tapered tubular structure. The first nozzle 1 is used to introduce high-pressure hydrogen into the ejection chamber 3. The high-pressure hydrogen passes through the tapered tubular structure of the first nozzle 1. After the structure is formed, the speed increases, so that a low-pressure area is formed inside the injection chamber 3, which is convenient for inhaling unreacted hydrogen. A plurality of first arc-shaped swirl grooves 103 are evenly opened along the circumference of the side of the first nozzle 1 near the position of the tapered tubular structure. Each first arc-shaped swirl groove 103 is arranged along the length direction of the first nozzle 1. The positions of the plurality of first arc-shaped swirl grooves 103 correspond to the positions of the plurality of jet holes 301 one by one. The unreacted hydrogen enters the injection chamber 3 through the plurality of jet holes 301, and then enters the plurality of first arc-shaped swirl grooves 103 under the action of the high-pressure hydrogen and flows along each first arc-shaped swirl groove 103 toward the high-pressure hydrogen. The unreacted hydrogen flows in a certain direction, thereby forming a vortex. The water vapor in the unreacted hydrogen is separated under the action of centrifugal force and finally discharged through the drain hole 602, thereby reducing the content of water vapor in the unreacted hydrogen and avoiding the flooding phenomenon caused by excessive water vapor increasing the resistance of hydrogen entering the electrode, thereby improving the performance of the fuel cell. At the same time, after the unreacted hydrogen forms a vortex and meets the high-pressure hydrogen mainstream, the momentum exchange between the two fluids is better achieved under the action of shear collision, thereby increasing the entrainment performance, so as to ensure that the entrainment ratio of the device is greater than the hydrogen excess ratio, thereby realizing the recovery and reuse of hydrogen at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, each jet hole 301 is tilted and the tilt direction is toward the bending direction of the corresponding first arc-shaped swirl groove 103, so that there is an angle between each jet hole 301 and the radial direction of the injection chamber 3, which facilitates the unreacted hydrogen entering from each jet hole 301 to enter the corresponding first arc-shaped swirl groove 103 tangentially, thereby facilitating the unreacted hydrogen to form a swirl in the first arc-shaped swirl groove 103.

[0041] like Figure 2 、 6 As shown in Figures 7 and 8, a second nozzle 2 is horizontally arranged inside the first nozzle 1, and the second nozzle 2 is coaxially arranged with the first nozzle 1, that is, the inner diameter of the second nozzle 2 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first nozzle 1, and there is a gap between the two. The end of the first nozzle 1 located outside the buffer chamber 6 is a closed end, and a tangential air inlet 101 is provided on the side of the first nozzle 1 near the closed end, and a first air outlet 102 is provided at the other end of the first nozzle 1. One end of the second nozzle 2 passes through the closed end of the first nozzle 1 and is located outside the first nozzle 1 and is provided with a forward air inlet 201, and the other end of the second nozzle 2 is provided with a second air outlet 202. The portion of the second nozzle 2 located in the buffer chamber 6 has the same structure as the first nozzle 1, that is, the portion of the second nozzle 2 located in the buffer chamber 6 is also a tapered tubular structure.

[0042] like Figure 6 、 7 As shown in Figures 8 and 8, a second arc-shaped swirl groove 201 is provided on the side of the second nozzle 2 near each first arc-shaped swirl groove 103, so that the tangential high-pressure hydrogen entering the first nozzle 1 forms a swirl when passing through the multiple second arc-shaped swirl grooves 201 on the side of the second nozzle 2, thereby improving the turbulence level and suction capacity at the first gas outlet 102.

[0043] like Figure 1 、 2 As shown, the mixing chamber 4 is a tubular structure, and the high-pressure hydrogen and the unreacted hydrogen enter the mixing chamber 4 to be mixed. The end of the mixing chamber 4 away from the buffer chamber 6 is connected to the diffusion chamber 5. The diffusion chamber 5 is a gradually expanding tubular structure. The end of the diffusion chamber 5 away from the mixing chamber 4 is used to be connected to the cathode of the fuel cell, so as to facilitate the mixed hydrogen to be sent into the fuel cell. A bypass pipe 401 is provided on the side of the mixing chamber 4 near the diffusion chamber 5. The bypass pipe 401 is used to introduce unreacted hydrogen. By introducing unreacted hydrogen, the fluid distribution is improved, and the influence of the low-pressure area of ​​the flow field near the inlet of the diffusion chamber 5 caused by the rapid attenuation of the diffusion section after the swirl is added is reduced.

[0044] like Figure 9 As shown, the present invention also provides a hydrogen circulation system for a fuel cell, comprising a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 7 and a gas-liquid separator 13, wherein the output end of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 7 is connected to the tangential air inlet 101 and the forward air inlet 201, respectively. The high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 7 is used to store high-pressure hydrogen, and the gas-liquid separator 13 is arranged between the jet air inlet 601 and the fuel cell. The inlet of the gas-liquid separator 13 is connected to the anode of the fuel cell, and the outlet of the gas-liquid separator 13 is connected to the jet air inlet 601. The water vapor contained in the unreacted hydrogen is preliminarily separated by the gas-liquid separator 13.

[0045] like Figure 9As shown, a heating humidifier 11 is provided between the diffusion chamber 5 and the fuel cell. The inlet of the heating humidifier 11 is connected to the diffusion chamber 5, and the outlet of the heating humidifier 11 is connected to the cathode of the fuel cell, so as to obtain wet hydrogen suitable for the fuel cell.

[0046] like Figure 9 As shown, a bypass injector 9 is provided between the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 7 and the heating humidifier 11, and the inlet of the bypass injector 9 is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 7, and the outlet of the bypass injector 9 is connected to the inlet of the heating humidifier 11. Through the bypass injector 9, on the one hand, a rapid response is performed under the dynamic change of the fuel cell stack load to support the water balance and hydrogen concentration inside the fuel cell. On the other hand, when the nitrogen concentration at the fuel cell anode is high, the anode hydrogen concentration is ensured by purging the fuel cell anode, thereby ensuring the stack cell voltage and avoiding affecting the polarization performance of the fuel cell. In addition, it is suitable for processing liquid water generated by the fuel cell at low power, thereby ensuring the performance and life of the fuel cell.

[0047] like Figure 9 As shown, the outlet of the gas-liquid separator 13 is connected to the bypass pipe 401 to facilitate the introduction of unreacted hydrogen into the mixing chamber 4.

[0048] like Figure 9 As shown, a high-pressure relief valve 8 is provided at the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder 7, a first proportional valve 10 is provided between the high-pressure relief valve 8 and the first nozzle 1, a second proportional valve 14 is provided between the high-pressure relief valve 8 and the second nozzle 2, a one-way valve 12 is provided at the outlet of the gas-liquid separator 13, and a third proportional valve 15 is provided between the one-way valve 12 and the bypass pipe 401.

[0049] Working principle:

[0050] When under low-load design working conditions, the mode of the first nozzle 1 is entered, the first proportional valve 10 is opened, the second proportional valve 14, the third proportional valve 15 and the bypass injector 9 are closed, and the high-pressure hydrogen coming out of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle 7 passes through the high-pressure relief valve 8 as a working fluid, and a part of it enters the first nozzle 1 through the first proportional valve 10 as a working fluid. After the high-pressure hydrogen passes through the first nozzle 1 and enters the injection chamber 3, a low-pressure area is formed in the injection chamber 3. At the same time, the unreacted hydrogen coming out of the anode of the fuel cell enters the gas-liquid separator 13 to separate the water vapor, and then enters the buffer chamber 6 through the one-way valve 12 as the injection fluid. Under the action of the negative pressure in the injection chamber 3, the unreacted hydrogen in the buffer chamber 6 enters the injection chamber 3 through multiple jet holes 301. Chamber 3, and then under the action of high-pressure hydrogen, it enters multiple first arc-shaped swirl grooves 103 and flows along each first arc-shaped swirl groove 103 toward the direction of high-pressure hydrogen, thereby forming a swirl. The water vapor in the unreacted hydrogen is separated under the action of centrifugal force, and then the high-pressure hydrogen and the unreacted hydrogen enter the mixing chamber 4 to be mixed, and then pass through the diffusion chamber 5 to be decelerated and pressurized and enter the heating humidifier 11 to obtain wet hydrogen suitable for the fuel cell, and finally enter the fuel cell. At the same time, the water vapor separated in the ejection chamber 3 gradually cools into liquid water during the period when the fuel cell stops working, flows out from the jet hole 301 at the bottom of the ejection chamber 3 into the buffer chamber 6, and is finally discharged from the drain hole 602.

[0051] When the high load design working condition is reached, the second nozzle 2 mode is entered, the second proportional valve 14 and the third proportional valve 15 are opened, the first proportional valve 10 and the bypass injector 9 are closed, and the high pressure hydrogen coming out of the high pressure hydrogen cylinder 7 passes through the high pressure relief valve 8 as the working fluid, and a part of it enters the second nozzle 2 as the working fluid through the second proportional valve 14. At the same time, the unreacted hydrogen coming out of the anode of the fuel cell enters the gas-liquid separator 13 to separate the water vapor, and then enters the buffer chamber 6 through the one-way valve 12 as the injection fluid. Under the action of the negative pressure in the injection chamber 3, the unreacted hydrogen in the buffer chamber 6 enters the injection chamber 3 through the multiple jet holes 301, and then enters the injection chamber 3 under the action of the high pressure hydrogen. The water vapor in the multiple first arc-shaped swirl grooves 103 and along each first arc-shaped swirl groove 103 flows toward the high-pressure hydrogen, thereby forming a swirl. The water vapor in the unreacted hydrogen is separated under the action of centrifugal force, and then the high-pressure hydrogen and the unreacted hydrogen enter the mixing chamber 4 to mix, and then pass through the diffusion chamber 5 to decelerate and increase the pressure and enter the heating humidifier 11 to obtain wet hydrogen suitable for the fuel cell, and finally enter the fuel cell. At the same time, the water vapor separated in the ejection chamber 3 gradually cools down to become liquid water during the period when the fuel cell stops working, flows out from the jet hole 301 at the bottom of the ejection chamber 3 into the buffer chamber 6, and is finally discharged from the drain hole 602.

[0052] When the first nozzle 1 is in operation, it can meet the design operating conditions of the fuel cell from low load to medium load. When the second nozzle 2 is in operation, it can meet the design operating conditions of the fuel cell from high load to medium load, so as to ensure that the entire fuel cell stack power range is fully covered. The above modes of the first nozzle 1 and the second nozzle 2 can cover the entire fuel cell stack power range. At the same time, the overlapping part of the design operating points between the modes of the first nozzle 1 and the second nozzle 2 is designed to solve the voltage and power deviation problems caused by the degradation of the fuel cell stack. When the output power of the fuel cell stack system changes sharply, the overlap between the operating conditions of the first nozzle 1 and the second nozzle 2 also ensures a smooth transition. In addition, the bypass injector 9 can work independently, or it can be paired with the mode of the first nozzle 1 and the mode of the second nozzle 2 in different working modes to further expand the working range of the injector.

[0053] The hydrogen ejector and hydrogen circulation system for a fuel cell of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0054] First, through the cooperation of the mixing chamber, the buffer chamber, the ejection chamber, multiple jet inlets, the first nozzle and the multiple first arc-shaped swirl grooves, the unreacted hydrogen entering the ejection chamber can form a swirl, so that the water vapor is separated under the action of centrifugal force, reducing the water vapor content in the unreacted hydrogen, avoiding the flooding phenomenon caused by excessive water vapor increasing the resistance of hydrogen entering the electrode, and improving the performance of the fuel cell. At the same time, after the unreacted hydrogen forms a swirl and meets the high-pressure hydrogen mainstream, the momentum exchange between the two fluids is better carried out under the action of shear collision, thereby increasing the entrainment performance, so as to ensure that the entrainment ratio of the device is greater than the hydrogen excess ratio, and realize the recovery and reuse of hydrogen at the anode outlet of the fuel cell stack.

[0055] Second, by coordinating the second nozzle and the multiple second arc-shaped swirl grooves thereon with the first nozzle, the tangential high-pressure hydrogen entering the first nozzle can form a swirl when passing through the multiple second arc-shaped swirl grooves on the side of the second nozzle, thereby improving the turbulence level and suction capacity at the first gas outlet, further improving the separation effect of water vapor in the unreacted hydrogen, and also further improving the entrainment performance of the device.

[0056] Third, the present invention can effectively improve the injection coefficient and broaden the working range by coordinating the first nozzle and the second nozzle, meeting the injection requirements under different working conditions, thereby fully covering the entire fuel cell stack power range.

[0057] Fourth, by providing a gas-liquid separator in the hydrogen circulation system, the water vapor in the unreacted hydrogen can be preliminarily separated before entering the buffer chamber, further reducing the content of water vapor in the unreacted hydrogen.

[0058] It will be understood that the present invention is described by way of some embodiments, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments may be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are intended to be protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen ejector for a fuel cell, comprising a mixing chamber (4), characterized in that: Also includes: A buffer chamber (6) is provided on one side of the mixing chamber (4), a jet air inlet (601) is provided on one side of the buffer chamber (6), the jet air inlet (601) is used to be connected to the anode of the fuel cell, and a drainage hole (602) is provided at the bottom of the buffer chamber (6); The ejection chamber (3) is a tubular structure and is horizontally arranged inside the buffer chamber (6). One end of the ejection chamber (3) passes through the inner wall of the buffer chamber (6) and is communicated with the mixing chamber (4). The other end of the ejection chamber (3) is connected to the inner wall of the buffer chamber (6). A plurality of ejection holes (301) are evenly opened on the side of the ejection chamber (3) along its circumference. The first nozzle (1) is arranged horizontally, and one end of the first nozzle (1) is located outside the buffer chamber (6). The other end of the first nozzle (1) passes through the side wall of the buffer chamber (6) and is located in the ejection chamber (3). The portion of the first nozzle (1) located in the ejection chamber (3) is a tapered tubular structure. A plurality of first arc-shaped swirl grooves (103) are uniformly opened along the circumference of the side of the first nozzle (1) near the tapered tubular structure. Each of the first arc-shaped swirl grooves (103) is arranged along the length direction of the first nozzle (1). The positions of the plurality of first arc-shaped swirl grooves (103) correspond one-to-one to the positions of the plurality of jet holes (301).

2. The hydrogen ejector for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second nozzle (2) is horizontally arranged inside the first nozzle (1), and the second nozzle (2) is coaxially arranged with the first nozzle (1). The end of the first nozzle (1) located outside the buffer chamber (6) is a closed end. A tangential air inlet (101) is provided on the side of the first nozzle (1) near the closed end. A first air outlet (102) is provided at the other end of the first nozzle (1). One end of the second nozzle (2) passes through the closed end of the first nozzle (1) and is located outside the first nozzle (1) and is provided with a forward air inlet (201). A second air outlet (202) is provided at the other end of the second nozzle (2). The portion of the second nozzle (2) located inside the buffer chamber (6) has the same structure as the first nozzle (1).

3. The hydrogen ejector for a fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: A second arc-shaped swirl groove (201) is provided on the side of the second nozzle (2) at a position close to each first arc-shaped swirl groove (103).

4. The hydrogen ejector for a fuel cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mixing chamber (4) is a tubular structure, one end of the mixing chamber (4) away from the buffer chamber (6) is connected to a diffusion chamber (5), the diffusion chamber (5) is a gradually expanding tubular structure, the end of the diffusion chamber (5) away from the mixing chamber (4) is used to be connected to the cathode of the fuel cell, and a bypass pipe (401) is provided on the side of the mixing chamber (4) near the diffusion chamber (5).

5. A hydrogen circulation system for a fuel cell, characterized in that: The hydrogen ejector for a fuel cell according to claim 4 comprises: A high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (7), the output end of which is connected to the tangential air inlet (101) and the forward air inlet (201), respectively, and the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (7) is used to store high-pressure hydrogen; The gas-liquid separator (13) is arranged between the jet air inlet (601) and the fuel cell, the inlet of the gas-liquid separator (13) is connected to the anode of the fuel cell, and the outlet of the gas-liquid separator (13) is connected to the jet air inlet (601).

6. The hydrogen circulation system for a fuel cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: A heating humidifier (11) is provided between the diffusion chamber (5) and the fuel cell, the inlet of the heating humidifier (11) is connected to the diffusion chamber (5), and the outlet of the heating humidifier (11) is connected to the cathode of the fuel cell.

7. The hydrogen circulation system for a fuel cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: A bypass injector (9) is provided between the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (7) and the heating humidifier (11), the inlet of the bypass injector (9) is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (7), and the outlet of the bypass injector (9) is connected to the inlet of the heating humidifier (11).

8. The hydrogen circulation system for a fuel cell according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outlet of the gas-liquid separator (13) is connected to the bypass pipe (401).

9. The hydrogen circulation system for a fuel cell according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder (7) is provided with a high-pressure relief valve (8), a first proportional valve (10) is provided between the high-pressure relief valve (8) and the first nozzle (1), a second proportional valve (14) is provided between the high-pressure relief valve (8) and the second nozzle (2), a one-way valve (12) is provided at the outlet of the gas-liquid separator (13), and a third proportional valve (15) is provided between the one-way valve (12) and the bypass pipe (401).

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