Pyrolysis incinerator and pyrolysis incineration method

Abstract

The pyrolysis incinerator comprises a pyrolysis chamber provided with a conveying device, the input end of the conveying device is located below a feeding port, and the output end of the conveying device extends to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber; an inner cavity of the multi-stage combustion chamber is divided into a falling combustion chamber, a movable combustion chamber and a gas combustion chamber, the top of the falling combustion chamber is communicated with the output end of the pyrolysis chamber, the bottom of the falling combustion chamber is communicated with the gas combustion chamber through the movable combustion chamber, an inclined plane is arranged in the movable combustion chamber, and the top end of the inclined plane is located below the falling combustion chamber; the bottom end of the inclined surface obliquely extends downwards to the slag discharging opening; and the air distribution mechanism is communicated with the multi-stage combustion chamber. According to the invention, pyrolyzed products can be combusted more sufficiently, residues are less, the requirement for subsequent treatment of the residues is reduced, generation of harmful gases can be reduced, the garbage treatment efficiency can be effectively improved, the structure is compact, and the operation is simple.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of combustion equipment, and in particular to a pyrolysis incinerator and a pyrolysis incineration method. Background Art

[0002] With the growth of the global population and the acceleration of urbanization, the amount of domestic waste generated is also rapidly increasing. Waste disposal has become an increasingly serious environmental problem. Currently, the main methods of waste disposal include landfill and incineration. However, landfilling consumes a large amount of land resources and may cause environmental problems such as groundwater contamination and soil pollution.

[0003] While traditional waste incineration methods can effectively reduce waste volume, they also produce large amounts of harmful gases during combustion, such as carbon dioxide, dioxins, and sulfides. These gases pose significant environmental risks and potential threats to human health. Furthermore, traditional incineration technology is relatively energy-inefficient, and the residues produced during the process often require further processing. These factors limit the application and efficiency of traditional waste incineration technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pyrolysis incinerator and a pyrolysis incineration method to solve the current technical problems of insufficient pyrolysis incineration of garbage, low combustion efficiency and high generation of harmful gases.

[0005] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a pyrolysis incinerator, comprising: a pyrolysis chamber, an input end of which is provided with a feed port, a conveying device is provided in the pyrolysis chamber, the input end of the conveying device is located below the feed port, and the output end of the conveying device extends to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber; a multi-stage combustion chamber, an inner cavity of which is divided into a falling combustion chamber, a moving combustion chamber and a gas combustion chamber, the top of the falling combustion chamber is connected with the output end of the pyrolysis chamber, the bottom of the falling combustion chamber is connected with the gas combustion chamber through the moving combustion chamber, the bottom of the moving combustion chamber is provided with a slag discharge port, and an inclined surface is provided in the moving combustion chamber, the top of the inclined surface is located below the falling combustion chamber, and the bottom end of the inclined surface is inclined downward and extends to the slag discharge port; an air distribution mechanism, which is connected with the multi-stage combustion chamber, and the air distribution mechanism is used to transport combustion-supporting gas into the multi-stage combustion chamber.

[0007] In an embodiment of the present invention, the inner cavity of the multi-stage combustion chamber is divided into the falling combustion chamber, the moving combustion chamber and the gas combustion chamber by a combustion chamber partition, the top end of the combustion chamber partition is connected to the inner top surface of the multi-stage combustion chamber, and the bottom end of the combustion chamber partition extends downward and has a distance between it and the top end of the inclined surface in the height direction, and the inclined surface is located on the inner bottom surface of the multi-stage combustion chamber.

[0008] In an embodiment of the present invention, an adjustment baffle is provided at the bottom end of the combustion chamber partition, and the adjustment baffle can move up and down to adjust the distance.

[0009] In an embodiment of the present invention, the top end of the slope is arranged close to the falling combustion chamber, and the bottom end of the slope is arranged close to the gas combustion chamber; the downward inclination angle of the slope relative to the horizontal plane is 15 degrees to 25 degrees.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present invention, the air distribution mechanism is a multi-stage air distribution mechanism, which includes a first-stage air distribution structure and a second-stage air distribution structure. The first-stage air distribution structure is connected to the top of the falling combustion chamber, and the second-stage air distribution structure is connected to the bottom of the falling combustion chamber.

[0011] In the embodiment of the present invention, the height distance between the inner top surface of the falling combustion chamber and the top of the inclined surface is h0, and the height distance between the first-level air distribution structure and the top of the inclined surface is h1, which has the relationship: 0.6

[0012] In the embodiment of the present invention, the height distance between the inner top surface of the falling combustion chamber and the top of the inclined surface is h0, and the height distance between the secondary air distribution structure and the top of the inclined surface is h2, which has the relationship: 0.2 <h2 / h0<0.4。

[0013] In an embodiment of the present invention, the multi-stage matching mechanism further includes a three-stage air distribution structure, and the three-stage air distribution structure is connected to the gas combustion chamber.

[0014] In the embodiment of the present invention, the height distance between the inner top surface of the gas combustion chamber and the top of the inclined surface is h0, and the height distance between the three-stage air distribution structure and the top of the inclined surface is h3, which has the relationship: 0.4 <h3 / h0<0.6。

[0015] In an embodiment of the present invention, the pyrolysis incinerator also includes an exhaust gas cooling pipe and an exhaust gas heat exchange pipe. The exhaust gas heat exchange pipe is arranged on the wall of the pyrolysis chamber. The exhaust gas heat exchange pipe is connected to the top of the gas combustion chamber through the exhaust gas cooling pipe. The exhaust gas generated in the gas combustion chamber can be cooled to a preset temperature through the exhaust gas cooling pipe and transported to the exhaust gas heat exchange pipe.​

[0016] The present invention also provides a pyrolysis incineration method, which adopts the above-mentioned pyrolysis incinerator, and the pyrolysis incineration method includes the following steps: pyrolysis: feeding biomass raw materials into the input end of the conveying device in the pyrolysis chamber from the feed port, controlling the speed of the conveying device, so that the biomass raw materials are pyrolyzed into solid fuel particles in the pyrolysis chamber during the process of being transported from the input end to the output end by the conveying device; falling combustion: the output end of the conveying device sends the solid fuel particles into the falling combustion chamber, controlling the height of the falling combustion chamber and controlling the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas delivered by the air distribution mechanism, so that the solid fuel particles fall to the moving end in the falling combustion chamber. The moving combustion chamber burns into a gas-solid mixture during the process; wherein, the gas-solid mixture includes combustible gas and incompletely burned solids; mobile combustion: controlling the moving speed of the gas-solid mixture and controlling the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas delivered by the air distribution mechanism, so that the gas-solid mixture moves along the inclined surface in the moving combustion chamber to the slag discharge port, and in the process, the incompletely burned solids in the gas-solid mixture burn into waste slag and produce combustible gas, and the waste slag is discharged from the slag discharge port; gas combustion: the combustible gas generated by the falling combustion of the solid fuel particles and the combustible gas generated by the moving combustion of the gas-solid mixture all enter the gas combustion chamber and burn into exhaust gas.

[0017] In an embodiment of the present invention, the moving combustion step further includes: adjusting the distance between the bottom end of the combustion baffle and the inclined surface between the falling combustion chamber and the gas combustion chamber to adjust the moving speed of the gas-solid mixture in the moving combustion chamber.

[0018] In an embodiment of the present invention, the air distribution mechanism is a multi-stage air distribution mechanism, and the multi-stage air distribution mechanism includes a first-stage air distribution structure, a second-stage air distribution structure and a third-stage air distribution structure. The first-stage air distribution structure is connected to the top of the falling combustion chamber, the second-stage air distribution structure is connected to the bottom of the falling combustion chamber, and the third-stage air distribution structure is connected to the gas combustion chamber; the pyrolysis incineration method also includes the following steps: according to the stacking height of the gas-solid mixture in the mobile combustion chamber, respectively adjusting the flow rate ratio of the combustion-supporting gas transported by the second-stage air distribution structure and the third-stage air distribution structure; according to the concentration of the combustible gas in the exhaust gas, respectively adjusting the flow rate ratio of the combustion-supporting gas transported by the third-stage air distribution structure and the first-stage air distribution structure.

[0019] The characteristics and advantages of the present invention are:

[0020] The pyrolysis incinerator of the present invention forms a multi-stage combustion chamber by dividing an inner cavity into a falling combustion chamber, a moving combustion chamber and a gas combustion chamber that are connected in sequence, and the top of the falling combustion chamber is connected to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber. By extending the output end of the conveying device in the pyrolysis chamber to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber, the solid fuel particles produced by pyrolysis in the pyrolysis chamber can fall into the falling combustion chamber from the output end of the conveying device, and then fall and burn into the moving combustion chamber to form a falling bed and produce a gas-solid mixture. The combustible gas in the gas-solid mixture can directly enter the gas combustion chamber through the moving combustion chamber for combustion treatment, and the unburned solids in the gas-solid mixture can move along the slope in the moving combustion chamber to burn to form a moving bed. Similarly, the combustible gas produced by combustion can enter the gas combustion chamber for combustion treatment, and the waste slag is directly discharged from the slag discharge port. Therefore, the present invention sets up a multi-stage combustion chamber, so that the products after pyrolysis can be burned more fully, and less residue is generated, which reduces the need for subsequent treatment of the residue, and can reduce the generation of harmful gases, which is more environmentally friendly. The present invention integrates the pyrolysis chamber and the multi-stage combustion chamber into one, which can effectively improve the garbage treatment efficiency, and has a compact structure and simple operation.

[0021] The pyrolysis incineration method of the present invention controls the speed of the conveying device to ensure that the biomass raw materials are pyrolyzed into solid combustion particles in the pyrolysis chamber before entering the multi-stage combustion chamber. By controlling the falling height and the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas delivered by the air supply structure, the products produced by the pyrolysis can be burned more fully during the falling combustion process. By controlling the moving speed and the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas delivered by the air supply structure, the products that are not completely burned after the falling combustion can be burned more fully during the moving combustion process, so that less residue is produced in the end, further reducing the demand for subsequent treatment of the residue. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a pyrolysis incinerator in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a pyrolysis incinerator in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] In the picture:

[0026] 1. Pyrolysis chamber; 11. Feed inlet; 12. Conveying device;

[0027] 2. Multi-stage combustion chamber; 21. Falling combustion chamber; 22. Moving combustion chamber; 221. Inclined surface; 23. Gas combustion chamber; 24. Combustion chamber partition; 25. Slag discharge port;

[0028] 3. Air distribution mechanism; 31. First-level air distribution structure; 32. Second-level air distribution structure; 33. Third-level air distribution structure;

[0029] 41. Exhaust gas cooling pipe; 42. Exhaust gas heat exchange pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] Implementation Method 1

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a pyrolysis incinerator, comprising: a pyrolysis chamber 1, wherein an input end of the pyrolysis chamber 1 is provided with a feed port 11, a conveying device 12 is provided in the pyrolysis chamber 1, the input end of the conveying device 12 is located below the feed port 11, and the output end of the conveying device 12 extends to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber 1; a multi-stage combustion chamber 2, wherein an inner cavity thereof is divided into a falling combustion chamber 21, a moving combustion chamber 22 and a gas combustion chamber 23, the top of the falling combustion chamber 21 is connected to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber 1, the bottom of the falling combustion chamber 21 is connected to the gas combustion chamber 23 through the moving combustion chamber 22, a slag discharge port 25 is provided at the bottom of the moving combustion chamber 22, and a slope 221 is provided in the moving combustion chamber 22, the top of the slope 221 is located below the falling combustion chamber 21, and the bottom end of the slope 221 is inclined downward and extends to the slag discharge port 25; an air distribution mechanism 3 is connected to the multi-stage combustion chamber 2, and the air distribution mechanism 3 is used to transport the combustion-supporting gas into the multi-stage combustion chamber 2.

[0033] The pyrolysis incinerator of the present invention forms a multi-stage combustion chamber 2 by dividing an inner cavity into a sequentially connected falling combustion chamber 21, a moving combustion chamber 22, and a gas combustion chamber 23. The top of the falling combustion chamber 21 is connected to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber 1. By extending the output end of the conveying device 12 in the pyrolysis chamber 1 to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber 1, the solid fuel particles pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber 1 can fall from the output end of the conveying device 12 into the falling combustion chamber 21, and then fall and burn into the moving combustion chamber 22 to form a falling bed and generate a gas-solid mixture. The combustible gas (such as carbon monoxide (CO) and other gases) in the gas-solid mixture can directly enter the gas combustion chamber 23 for combustion treatment. The unburned solids in the gas-solid mixture can move and burn along the inclined surface 221 in the moving combustion chamber 22 to form a moving bed. Similarly, the combustible gas generated by combustion can enter the gas combustion chamber 23 for combustion treatment, and the waste residue is directly discharged from the slag discharge port 25. Therefore, by setting the multi-stage combustion chamber 2, the present invention enables the pyrolyzed products to burn more fully, produce less residue, reduces the need for subsequent treatment of the residue, and can reduce the generation of harmful gases, being more environmentally friendly. Moreover, the present invention integrates the pyrolysis chamber 1 and the multi-stage combustion chamber 2 into one body, which can effectively improve the waste treatment efficiency, and has a compact structure and simple operation.

[0034] Specifically, the pyrolysis chamber 1 is generally a horizontally arranged rectangular furnace body structure. The two ends of the pyrolysis chamber 1 arranged oppositely in the horizontal direction are its input end and output end. The feed port 11 is located at the top of the pyrolysis chamber 1 and is arranged close to the end face of the output end of the pyrolysis chamber 1. The output end of the pyrolysis chamber 1 is connected to the multi-stage combustion chamber 2. The conveying device 12 is also generally horizontally arranged in the pyrolysis chamber 1. The conveying device 12 can be a conveyor belt device or a screw conveyor device. The length of the conveying device 12 is equal to or slightly less than the length of the pyrolysis chamber 1. The speed v1 of the conveying device 12 and the length s1 of the conveying device 12 preferably satisfy the relationship: 3 < s1 / v1 < 6. The multi-stage combustion chamber 2 is generally a vertically arranged rectangular furnace body structure. The multi-stage combustion chamber 2 has a left side wall and a right side wall arranged oppositely in the horizontal direction. The upper part of the left side wall is connected to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber 1. The combustion-supporting gas is air or oxygen-rich gas.

[0035] Such as Figure 1 And Figure 2As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the inner cavity of the multi-stage combustion chamber 2 is divided into a falling combustion chamber 21, a moving combustion chamber 22 and a gas combustion chamber 23 by a combustion chamber partition 24. The top end of the combustion chamber partition 24 is connected to the inner top surface of the multi-stage combustion chamber 2, and the bottom end of the combustion chamber partition 24 extends downward and has a distance from the top end of the inclined surface 221 in the height direction. The inclined surface 221 is located on the inner bottom surface of the multi-stage combustion chamber 2, so that the inner cavity of the multi-stage combustion chamber 2 is generally formed into a U-shaped chamber structure, that is, the falling combustion chamber 21, the moving combustion chamber 22 and the gas combustion chamber 23 are generally formed into a U-shaped chamber structure. The body is arranged in a U shape, with the falling combustion chamber 21 and the gas combustion chamber 23 on both sides of the combustion chamber partition 24, and the mobile combustion chamber 22 below the combustion chamber partition 24, so that the combustible gas generated during the falling combustion process and the combustible gas generated during the mobile combustion process can enter the gas combustion chamber 23 more quickly for combustion treatment, which is more efficient and has a compact structure, which is conducive to the circulation of the combustion-supporting gas in the multi-stage combustion chamber 2, ensuring that the substances in the falling combustion chamber 21, the mobile combustion chamber 22 and the gas combustion chamber 23 can all be more fully in contact with the combustion-supporting gas to burn more fully.

[0036] Specifically, the combustion chamber partition 24 is generally a vertically arranged plate structure. There is a gap space between the bottom end of the combustion chamber partition 24 and the inner bottom surface of the multi-stage combustion chamber 2 in the vertical direction. The top end of the inclined surface 221 is arranged close to the falling combustion chamber 21, and the bottom end of the inclined surface 221 is arranged close to the gas combustion chamber 23, so that when the incomplete combustion moves along the inclined surface 221 and burns, the combustible gas produced by the combustion can generally flow directly upward into the gas combustion chamber 23. The entire inner bottom surface of the multi-stage combustion chamber 2 forms the inclined surface 221, that is, the top end of the inclined surface 221 is connected to the bottom end of the left side wall, and the horizontal gap space between the bottom end of the inclined surface 221 and the bottom end of the right side wall constitutes the slag discharge port 25. In one embodiment of the present invention, the width of the slag discharge port 25 is 0.2m.

[0037] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the angle of the inclined surface 221 downwardly inclined relative to the horizontal plane is 15 to 25 degrees. If the inclination angle of the inclined surface 221 is too large, the moving speed will be too fast and the moving combustion will be insufficient. If the inclination angle of the inclined surface 221 is too small, the moving speed will be too slow and the solid products will accumulate on the inclined surface 221, resulting in insufficient contact with the combustion-supporting gas, leading to insufficient moving combustion.

[0038] In an embodiment of the present invention, an adjustment baffle is provided at the bottom end of the combustion chamber baffle 24. The adjustment baffle can be moved up and down to adjust the spacing l, thereby adjusting the spacing l according to the combustion feed rate (i.e., the speed at which the conveyor 12 transports the solid fuel particles generated by pyrolysis to the falling combustion chamber 21) and the combustion conditions. Specifically, the adjustment baffle can be vertically slidably mounted on a side surface of the combustion chamber baffle 24 via a telescopic drive member. As the combustion feed rate increases, the adjustment baffle is moved upward accordingly, increasing the spacing l. This allows the combustible gas generated in the falling combustion chamber 21 to have more space to flow into the gas combustion chamber 23 after entering the mobile combustion chamber 22. Furthermore, the solids generated in the falling combustion chamber 21 can move more quickly after falling into the mobile combustion chamber 22 without accumulating too high. Conversely, as the combustion feed rate decreases, the adjustment baffle is moved downward, decreasing the spacing l, preventing the solids generated in the falling combustion chamber 21 from moving too quickly after falling into the mobile combustion chamber 22, resulting in incomplete combustion.

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in order to better control the solid fuel particles produced by pyrolysis so that they can be fully burned in the multi-stage combustion chamber 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, the air distribution mechanism 3 is a multi-stage air distribution mechanism 3, which includes a primary air distribution structure 31 and a secondary air distribution structure 32. The primary air distribution structure 31 is connected to the top of the falling combustion chamber 21, and the secondary air distribution structure is connected to the bottom of the falling combustion chamber 21. The combustion-supporting gas is transported to the top of the falling combustion chamber 21 through the primary air distribution structure 31, and the combustion-supporting gas is transported to the bottom of the falling combustion chamber 21 through the secondary air distribution structure 32, so that the solid combustion particles produced by pyrolysis can fully contact the combustion-supporting gas during the falling process, thereby making them burn more fully, and a part of the combustion-supporting gas provided by the secondary air distribution structure 32 can enter the mobile combustion chamber 22, and another part of the combustion-supporting gas can pass through the mobile combustion chamber 22 into the gas combustion chamber 23, thereby facilitating the full combustion of the unburned solid in the mobile combustion chamber 22 and the full combustion of the combustible gas in the gas combustion chamber 23.

[0040] Specifically, the first-stage air distribution structure 31 and the second-stage air distribution structure 32 both include an air distribution duct, the input end of the air distribution duct is connected to the air supply device, and the output end of the air distribution duct passes through the right side wall of the multi-stage combustion chamber 2 and passes through the gas combustion chamber 23 to be connected to the combustion chamber partition 24. The combustion chamber partition 24 is provided with an upper air distribution port corresponding to the air distribution duct of the first-stage air distribution structure 31 and a lower air distribution port corresponding to the air distribution duct of the second-stage air distribution structure 32. The height of the air outlet position of the first-stage air distribution structure 31 is set flush with the height of the output end of the conveying device 12, or the air outlet position of the first-stage air distribution structure 31 is slightly higher than the output end of the conveying device 12. The height of the air outlet position of the second-stage air distribution structure 32 is set flush with the bottom end of the combustion chamber partition 24, or the air outlet position of the second-stage air distribution structure 32 is slightly higher than the bottom end of the combustion chamber partition 24.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the height distance between the inner top surface of the falling combustion chamber 21 and the top of the inclined surface 221 is h0, and the minimum distance between the first-level air distribution structure 31 and the inner bottom surface of the moving combustion chamber 22 is h1, which has the relationship: 0.6

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the multi-stage air distribution mechanism further includes a three-stage air distribution structure 33, which is connected to the gas combustion chamber 23. By providing the three-stage air distribution structure 33, the combustion-supporting gas is delivered to the gas combustion chamber 23, further ensuring that the combustible gas is fully burned in the gas combustion chamber 23. Specifically, the three-stage air distribution structure 33 also includes an air distribution duct, the input end of the air distribution duct of the three-stage air distribution structure 33 is connected to the air supply device, and the output end of the air distribution duct of the three-stage air distribution structure 33 is connected to the right side wall of the multi-stage combustion chamber 2. The right side wall of the multi-stage combustion chamber 2 is provided with a side air distribution port corresponding to the air distribution duct of the three-stage air distribution structure 33.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the inner top surface of the gas combustion chamber 23 is flush with the inner top surface of the falling combustion chamber 21, so the height distance between the inner top surface of the gas combustion chamber 23 and the top of the inclined surface 221 is also h0, and the height distance between the three-stage air distribution structure 33 and the top of the inclined surface 221 is h3, which has the relationship: 0.4 <h3 / h0<0.6。

[0044] like Figure 2 ​As shown, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the height distance h0 is 3.0m, the height distance h1 is 2.4m, the height distance h2 is 0.75m, the height distance h3 is 0.2m, the length of the combustion chamber partition 24 is 2.2m, and the adjustment range of the spacing l is 0.3m to 0.8m. The width of the falling combustion chamber 21 is equal to the width of the gas combustion chamber 23, both of which are 1.0m. The inclination angle of the inclined surface 221 is 20 degrees. The inner diameter of the air distribution duct of the first-level air distribution structure 31, the air distribution duct of the second-level air distribution structure 32, and the air distribution duct of the third-level air distribution structure 33 are all 0.2m. The length s1 of the conveying device 12 is 3.0m, and the speed v1 is preferably 0.6m / s. The time it takes for the solid fuel particles produced by pyrolysis to fall from the output end of the conveying device 12 to the mobile combustion chamber 22 (that is, the time it takes for the solid fuel particles to fall and burn) is approximately 0.8 seconds. The combustible gas flows from the falling combustion chamber 21 through the mobile combustion chamber 22 into the gas combustion chamber 23 and is finally discharged from the gas combustion chamber 23. The time required is approximately 4.5 seconds.

[0045] To improve energy efficiency, the pyrolysis incinerator in this embodiment further includes an exhaust gas cooling conduit 41 and an exhaust gas heat exchange conduit 42. The exhaust gas heat exchange conduit 42 is located on the wall of the pyrolysis chamber 1 and communicates with the top of the gas combustion chamber 23 via the exhaust gas cooling conduit 41. The exhaust gas generated within the gas combustion chamber 23 is cooled to a preset temperature by the exhaust gas cooling conduit 41 and then transported to the exhaust gas heat exchange conduit 42. The exhaust gas discharged from the gas combustion chamber 23 is recovered by the exhaust gas cooling conduit 41, cooled to a preset temperature, and then transported to the exhaust gas heat exchange conduit 42. This utilizes the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas heat exchange conduit 42 to increase the heat supply to the pyrolysis chamber 1. Specifically, the preset temperature is 200°C to 400°C. The exhaust gas heat exchange conduit 42 can generally be a spiral conduit structure and can be laid on the outer and / or inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 1, or it can be embedded within the wall of the pyrolysis chamber 1. The output end of the tail gas heat exchange pipe 42 is the same as the gas purification device or the outside world, so that the tail gas enters the gas purification device or is directly discharged into the atmosphere after heat exchange.

[0046] Implementation Method 2

[0047] Combine Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also provides a pyrolysis incineration method, which uses a pyrolysis incinerator. The specific structure, working principle and beneficial effects of the pyrolysis incinerator in this embodiment are the same as those in the pyrolysis incinerator in embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0048] The pyrolysis incineration method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0049] Pyrolysis: The biomass raw material is fed from the feed port 11 to the input end of the conveyor 12 in the pyrolysis chamber 1. The speed of the conveyor 12 is controlled so that the biomass raw material is pyrolyzed into solid fuel particles in the pyrolysis chamber 1 during the process of being transported from the input end to the output end by the conveyor 12.

[0050] Falling combustion: The output end of the conveying device 12 delivers the solid fuel particles into the falling combustion chamber 21. The height of the falling combustion chamber 21 and the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas delivered by the air distribution mechanism 3 are controlled so that the solid fuel particles burn into a gas-solid mixture during the process of falling from the falling combustion chamber 21 to the moving combustion chamber 22. The gas-solid mixture includes combustible gas and incompletely burned solids.

[0051] Moving combustion: Controlling the moving speed of the gas-solid mixture and the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas delivered by the air distribution mechanism 3, so that the gas-solid mixture moves along the inclined surface 221 in the moving combustion chamber 22 to the slag discharge port 25, the unburned solids in the gas-solid mixture are burned into waste slag and generate combustible gas, and the waste slag is discharged from the slag discharge port 25;

[0052] Gas combustion: The combustible gas generated by the falling combustion of solid fuel particles and the combustible gas generated by the moving combustion of the gas-solid mixture both enter the gas combustion chamber 23 and are burned into exhaust gas.

[0053] The pyrolysis incineration method of the present invention controls the speed of the conveying device 12 to ensure that the biomass raw materials are pyrolyzed into solid combustion particles in the pyrolysis chamber 1 and then enter the multi-stage combustion chamber 2. By controlling the falling height and the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas delivered by the air supply structure, the products produced by the pyrolysis can be burned more fully during the falling combustion process. By controlling the moving speed and the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas delivered by the air supply structure, the products that are not completely burned after the falling combustion can be burned more fully during the moving combustion process, so that less residue is produced at the end, further reducing the need for subsequent treatment of the residue.

[0054] In an embodiment of the present invention, the moving combustion step further includes: adjusting the distance between the bottom end of the combustion baffle and the inclined surface 221 between the falling combustion chamber 21 and the gas combustion chamber 23 to adjust the moving speed of the gas-solid mixture in the moving combustion chamber 22.

[0055] In an embodiment of the present invention, the air distribution mechanism 3 is a multi-stage air distribution mechanism 3, and the multi-stage air distribution mechanism 3 includes a first-stage air distribution structure 31, a second-stage air distribution structure 32 and a third-stage air distribution structure 33. The first-stage air distribution structure 31 is connected to the top of the falling combustion chamber 21, the second-stage air distribution structure is connected to the bottom of the falling combustion chamber 21, and the third-stage air distribution structure 33 is connected to the gas combustion chamber 23; the pyrolysis incineration method also includes the following steps: according to the stacking height of the gas-solid mixture in the mobile combustion chamber 22, the flow rate ratio of the second-stage air distribution structure 32 and the third-stage air distribution structure 33 for transporting the combustion-supporting gas are adjusted respectively; according to the concentration of the combustible gas in the exhaust gas, the flow rate ratio of the third-stage air distribution structure 33 and the first-stage air distribution structure 31 for transporting the combustion-supporting gas are adjusted respectively.

[0056] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the initial flow rates of the first-level air distribution structure 31, the second-level air distribution structure 32 and the third-level air distribution structure 33 is 5:3:2; when the height of the solid product accumulated in the mobile combustion chamber 22 is 0.1m higher than the bottom end of the combustion chamber baffle, the flow rate ratio of the second-level air distribution structure 32 is increased, and the flow rate ratio of the third-level air distribution structure 33 is reduced; when the concentration of combustible gas (including incompletely burned combustible gas) in the exhaust gas discharged from the gas combustion chamber 23 is greater than 5%, the flow rate ratio of the third-level air distribution structure 33 is increased, and the flow rate ratio of the first-level air distribution structure 31 is reduced, wherein the ratio of increase and decrease in the flow rate ratio can be selected as a fixed value, or it can be calculated according to a feedback algorithm. The specific method is to establish a multi-input-multi-output system of flow-incinerator indicators, and use intelligent control algorithms such as PID to adjust the input flow rate so that the various indicators of the incinerator are maintained at the specified value.

[0057] The above descriptions are only several embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to the embodiments of the present invention based on the contents disclosed in the application documents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pyrolysis incinerator, characterized in that: include: A pyrolysis chamber, wherein the input end of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a feed port, a conveying device is provided in the pyrolysis chamber, the input end of the conveying device is located below the feed port, and the output end of the conveying device extends to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber; A multi-stage combustion chamber, wherein the inner cavity is divided into a falling combustion chamber, a moving combustion chamber, and a gas combustion chamber. The top of the falling combustion chamber is connected to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber, and the bottom of the falling combustion chamber is connected to the gas combustion chamber through the moving combustion chamber. A slag discharge port is provided at the bottom of the moving combustion chamber, and an inclined surface is provided in the moving combustion chamber. The top end of the inclined surface is located below the falling combustion chamber, and the bottom end of the inclined surface extends downwardly to the slag discharge port. An air distribution mechanism is communicated with the multi-stage combustion chamber, and the air distribution mechanism is used to transport the combustion-supporting gas into the multi-stage combustion chamber.

2. The pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that The inner cavity of the multi-stage combustion chamber is divided into the falling combustion chamber, the moving combustion chamber and the gas combustion chamber by a combustion chamber partition. The top end of the combustion chamber partition is connected to the inner top surface of the multi-stage combustion chamber. The bottom end of the combustion chamber partition extends downward and has a distance between it and the top end of the inclined surface in the height direction. The inclined surface is located on the inner bottom surface of the multi-stage combustion chamber.

3. The pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 2, characterized in that: An adjusting baffle is provided at the bottom end of the combustion chamber partition, and the adjusting baffle can move up and down to adjust the distance.

4. The pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that The top end of the slope is arranged close to the falling combustion chamber, and the bottom end of the slope is arranged close to the gas combustion chamber; the angle of the slope downwardly inclined relative to the horizontal plane is 15 degrees to 25 degrees.

5. The pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air distribution mechanism is a multi-stage air distribution mechanism, which includes a primary air distribution structure and a secondary air distribution structure. The primary air distribution structure is connected to the top of the falling combustion chamber, and the air distribution structure is connected to the bottom of the falling combustion chamber.

6. The pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The height distance between the inner top surface of the falling combustion chamber and the top of the inclined surface is h0, and the height distance between the first-level air distribution structure and the top of the inclined surface is h1, which has the relationship: 0.6 <h1 / h0<0.8。 7. The pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The height distance between the inner top surface of the falling combustion chamber and the top of the inclined surface is h0, and the height distance between the secondary air distribution structure and the top of the inclined surface is h2, which has the relationship: 0.2 <h2 / h0<0.4。 8. The pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The multi-stage matching mechanism also includes a three-stage air distribution structure, and the three-stage air distribution structure is connected to the gas combustion chamber.

9. The pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The height distance between the inner top surface of the gas combustion chamber and the top of the slope is h0, and the height distance between the three-stage air distribution structure and the top of the slope is h3, which has the relationship: 0.4 <h3 / h0<0.6。 10. The pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pyrolysis incinerator also includes an exhaust gas cooling pipe and an exhaust gas heat exchange pipe. The exhaust gas heat exchange pipe is arranged on the wall of the pyrolysis chamber. The exhaust gas heat exchange pipe is connected to the top of the gas combustion chamber through the exhaust gas cooling pipe. The exhaust gas generated in the gas combustion chamber can be cooled to a preset temperature through the exhaust gas cooling pipe and transported to the exhaust gas heat exchange pipe.

11. A pyrolysis incineration method, characterized in that: Using the pyrolysis incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 10, the pyrolysis incineration method comprises the following steps: Pyrolysis: feeding the biomass raw material from the feed port into the input end of the conveyor in the pyrolysis chamber, and controlling the speed of the conveyor so that the biomass raw material is pyrolyzed into solid fuel particles in the pyrolysis chamber during the process of being transported from the input end to the output end by the conveyor; Falling combustion: The output end of the conveying device delivers the solid fuel particles into a falling combustion chamber, and the height of the falling combustion chamber and the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas delivered by the air distribution mechanism are controlled, so that the solid fuel particles are burned into a gas-solid mixture during the process of falling from the falling combustion chamber to the moving combustion chamber; wherein the gas-solid mixture includes combustible gas and incompletely burned solids; Mobile combustion: controlling the moving speed of the gas-solid mixture and the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas delivered by the air distribution mechanism, so that the gas-solid mixture moves along the inclined surface in the mobile combustion chamber to the slag discharge port, and the unburned solids in the gas-solid mixture are burned into waste slag and generate combustible gas, and the waste slag is discharged from the slag discharge port; Gas combustion: The combustible gas generated by the falling combustion of the solid fuel particles and the combustible gas generated by the moving combustion of the gas-solid mixture both enter the gas combustion chamber and are burned into tail gas.

12. The pyrolysis incineration method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The moving combustion step further includes: adjusting the distance between the bottom end of the combustion baffle and the inclined surface between the falling combustion chamber and the gas combustion chamber to adjust the moving speed of the gas-solid mixture in the moving combustion chamber.

13. The pyrolysis incineration method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The air distribution mechanism is a multi-stage air distribution mechanism, which includes a primary air distribution structure, a secondary air distribution structure, and a tertiary air distribution structure. The primary air distribution structure is connected to the top of the falling combustion chamber, the secondary air distribution structure is connected to the bottom of the falling combustion chamber, and the tertiary air distribution structure is connected to the gas combustion chamber. The pyrolysis incineration method further includes the following steps: According to the stacking height of the gas-solid mixture in the mobile combustion chamber, the flow ratio of the combustion-supporting gas delivered by the two-stage air distribution structure and the three-stage air distribution structure are adjusted respectively; According to the concentration of the combustible gas in the tail gas, the flow ratio of the combustion-supporting gas transported by the three-stage air distribution structure and the one-stage air distribution structure is adjusted respectively.

Images