Microchannel reactor with cylindrical spiral structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a microchannel reactor with a cylindrical spiral structure, which comprises a hollow cylinder, a reaction channel and a heat exchange channel, wherein the reaction channel and the heat exchange channel are positioned in the wall body of the hollow cylinder; wherein the reaction channel comprises a spiral main pipe and J-shaped branch pipes, the spiral main pipe is spirally arranged along the center line of the hollow cylinder, the J-shaped branch pipes are sequentially arrayed along the outer side of the spiral main pipe, the two ends of each J-shaped branch pipe are communicated with the spiral main pipe, and each J-shaped branch pipe comprises a straight pipe and an arc pipe tangent to the straight pipe. According to the invention, the pressure loss can be greatly reduced on the premise of ensuring the mixing effect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a micro-channel reactor, in particular to a cylindrical spiral structure micro-channel reactor. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of chemical engineering and biopharmaceuticals, micro-channel reactors are often used to solve fluid mixing problems, Figure 1 For the existing two Tesla valve structure micro-channel scheme, the fluid flow direction is the high resistance direction of the Tesla valve, from top to bottom in the figure, the fluid is divided into two streams at each branch of the channel, and then synthesized into one stream at the confluence of the channel. The above-mentioned prior art micro-channel reactor does not have a continuous channel, and at each branch and confluence of the reaction channel, one stream of fluid must suddenly change direction. The stream that does not need to change direction at the branch will need to change direction at the confluence. Therefore, all fluid flow processes need to constantly change direction. At each confluence of the reaction channel, two streams of fluid will collide with each other. Constantly changing direction and colliding with each other will consume energy and increase pressure loss. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a cylindrical spiral structure micro-channel reactor that can greatly reduce pressure loss while ensuring mixing effect.

[0004] Technical scheme: To achieve the above purpose, the micro-channel reactor according to the present application comprises a hollow cylinder, a reaction channel and a heat exchange channel located in the wall of the hollow cylinder, wherein the reaction channel comprises a spiral main pipe spirally arranged along the center line of the hollow cylinder and J-shaped branch pipes arrayed along the outside of the spiral main pipe and connected to the spiral main pipe at both ends, the J-shaped branch pipe comprises a straight pipe and a circular arc pipe tangent to the straight pipe.

[0005] Optionally, the curvature of the spiral main pipe is constant, and the parametric equation of the spiral center line of the spiral main pipe is:

[0006]

[0007] where t is the parameter of the parametric equation of the spiral center line H(t), the radius of the spiral center line H(t) is r, the height is h, the number of turns is n, the spiral center line is located in the positive direction of the y-axis, and the starting point of the spiral line is located at (0, 0, r) with the initial rotation direction being the negative direction of the x-axis.

[0008] Optionally, the center line of the J-shaped branch pipe is composed of a line segment AB and a circular arc BC with a center O tangent to the line segment AB, that is, point A is the branching point of the reaction channel, and point C is the converging point of the reaction channel; the tangent line of the spiral center line H(t) at point A is defined as a line segment AD, the included angle between the line segment AB and the line segment AD is α; the tangent line of the spiral center line H(t) at point C is defined as a line segment CE, the tangent line of the circular arc BC at point C is defined as a line segment CF, and the line segment CE and the line segment CF are perpendicular to each other; the line segment AB and the circular arc BC are located on the same plane, and the plane is defined as s J , points A, B, C and O are located on the plane s J ;

[0009] Points A and C are located on the spiral center line H(t), and the y coordinate y A of point A and the y coordinate y C of point C are defined as y A +c, which are substituted into the equation of the spiral center line H(t) to obtain the coordinates of points A and C:

[0010]

[0011] Substituting the coordinates of point A into the tangent line equation formula, the parameter equation of the straight line on which the line segment AD of the spiral center line H(t) at point A is located can be obtained:

[0012] AD:

[0013] The parameter s1 of the parameter equation of the straight line on which the line segment AD is located belongs to any real number in the real number set ;

[0014] Substituting the coordinates of point C into the tangent line equation formula, the parameter equation of the straight line on which the line segment CE of the spiral center line H(t) at point C is located can be obtained:

[0015] CE:

[0016] The parameter s2 of the parameter equation of the straight line on which the line segment CE is located belongs to any real number in the real number set ;

[0017] The elevation angle of the line segment AB is equal to the spiral angle of the spiral center line H(t), so the straight line on which the line segment AB is located is obtained by counterclockwise rotating the line segment AD by α, where the line segment AD is the rotating axis passing through point A and parallel to the y axis; counterclockwise refers to the negative direction of the y axis, the elevation angle of the line segment AB refers to the included angle between the line segment AB and the plane xz, and the spiral angle of the spiral center line H(t) refers to the included angle between the line segment AD and the plane xz;

[0018] Substituting the equation of the line segment AD into the rotation formula, the parameter equation of the straight line on which the line segment AB is located can be calculated:

[0019] AB:

[0020] The parameter s3 of the parametric equation of the line on which segment AB lies belongs to the set of real numbers Any real number in ;

[0021] It is known that line segment AB and point C are both in plane s J On the plane s, we can calculate J The equation is:

[0022] s J :

[0023] Among them, det represents the determinant operation;

[0024] It is known that arc BC lies in plane s J So line segment CF lies on plane s J Then, based on the fact that line segments CE and CF are perpendicular to each other, the parametric equation of the line where line segment CF lies can be calculated:

[0025] CF:

[0026] The parameter s4 of the parametric equation of the line on which segment CF lies belongs to the set of real numbers Any real number in ;

[0027] Where, s for the plane J Normal vector:

[0028]

[0029] Where A and C are the Cartesian coordinates of point A and point C;

[0030] is the direction vector of line segment AB:

[0031]

[0032] The radius OC of the arc BC lies on the plane s J On the tangent line CF, the parametric equation of the line where the radius OC lies can be calculated:

[0033] OC:

[0034] The parameter s5 of the parametric equation of the line where the radius OC lies belongs to the set of real numbers Any real number in ;

[0035] Where, is the direction vector of line segment CE:

[0036]

[0037] Since line segment AB is tangent to arc BC, radius OB is perpendicular to line AB, and the length of radius OC is equal to the distance from point O to line AB. The equation can be listed as:

[0038] |OC|=d(O,AB)

[0039] The length of the radius OC

[0040] The distance from point O to line AB

[0041] is the direction vector of line segment OA:

[0042]

[0043] By combining the equation of the line on which the radius OC lies with the equation |OC| = d(O, AB), we can calculate the coordinates of the center point O of the arc BC, the coordinates of point B, and the radius of the arc BC.

[0044] Define the path distance between two adjacent J-shaped branches on the spiral center line H(t) as s, and define the y coordinate of point A on the spiral center line of the first J-shaped branch as The y coordinate of point A on the spiral center line of the i-th J-shaped branch can be calculated for:

[0045]

[0046] Then calculate the corresponding equation and coordinates of each point of the i-th J-shaped branch.

[0047] Optionally, the central axis of the straight pipe is tangent to the central helix line of the helical main pipe.

[0048] Optionally, the angle between the center axis of the arc tube and the intersection line of the spiral main tube is 90°.

[0049] Optionally, an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe are respectively provided at both ends of the spiral main pipe, and the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are located on the end surface or the outer cylindrical surface of the hollow cylinder.

[0050] Optionally, the hollow cylinder has a plurality of reaction channels in a circumferential array.

[0051] Optionally, the heat exchange channel is located outside the hollow cylinder.

[0052] Optionally, the heat exchange channel is located in the cavity of the hollow cylinder.

[0053] Optionally, the heat exchange channel comprises a spiral heat exchange plate, the pitch, the number of turns and the rotation direction of the spiral heat exchange plate are same as those of the spiral main pipe.

[0054] Beneficial effects: compared with the prior art, the present application has the following remarkable advantages: the reaction channel constructed by the present application can realize better mixing effect with less pressure loss; the heat exchange channel of the present application uses the spiral heat exchange plate with same height, same number of turns and same rotation direction as the reaction channel, and can realize synchronous heat exchange of the reaction channel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0055] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the prior art;

[0056] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of one reaction channel in embodiment 3 of the present application;

[0057] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of multiple reaction channels in embodiment 3 of the present application;

[0058] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the reaction channel located in the hollow cylinder in embodiment 3 of the present application;

[0059] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange channel in embodiment 3 of the present application;

[0060] Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the micro-channel reactor in embodiment 3 of the present application;

[0061] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the center spiral line of the spiral main pipe in embodiment 3 of the present application;

[0062] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the center line of the J-shaped branch pipe in embodiment 3 of the present application;

[0063] Figure 9 is a structural schematic diagram of one reaction channel in embodiment 4 of the present application;

[0064] Figure 10 is a structural schematic diagram of the heat exchange channel in embodiment 4 of the present application;

[0065] Figure 11 is a structural schematic diagram of the micro-channel reactor in embodiment 4 of the present application;

[0066] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the center spiral line of the spiral main pipe in embodiment 4 of the present application;

[0067] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the center line of the J-shaped branch pipe in embodiment 4 of the present application; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0069] It should be understood that the present invention can be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure thorough and complete and to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, the sizes and relative sizes of components may be exaggerated for clarity. Like reference numerals throughout represent like components.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] The microchannel reactor of the present invention includes a hollow cylinder 1, a reaction channel 2 and a heat exchange channel 3, wherein the reaction channel 2 is located in the wall of the hollow cylinder. The reaction channel 2 can be one or multiple reaction channels 2, and the multiple reaction channels 2 are arranged in a circular array around the y-axis in the hollow cylinder 1. The reaction channel 2 includes a spiral main pipe 4 and a J-shaped branch pipe 5. The spiral main pipe 4 is spirally arranged along the center line of the hollow cylinder 1. The J-shaped branch pipe 5 is sequentially arranged along the outer side of the spiral main pipe 4. Both ends of the J-shaped branch pipe 5 are connected to the spiral main pipe 4. The J-shaped branch pipe 5 includes a straight pipe 6 and a circular arc pipe 7 tangent to the straight pipe 6. The central axis of the straight pipe 6 is tangent to the central spiral line of the spiral main pipe 4. The angle between the central axis of the circular arc pipe 7 and the intersection of the spiral main pipe 4 is 90 degrees. That is, in order to balance the mixing effect and pressure loss of the reaction channel, the circular arc pipe 7 of the J-shaped branch pipe 5 vertically merges into the channel of the spiral main pipe 4. An inlet pipe 8 and an outlet pipe 9 are provided at each end of the spiral main pipe 4, respectively. These inlet pipes 8 and outlet pipes 9 are located on the end face or outer cylindrical surface of the hollow cylinder 1. There are at least two inlet pipes. The fluid flow within the reaction channel 2 is powered by an external power pump. The heat exchange channel 3 is located within the cavity of the hollow cylinder 1. The heat exchange channel 3 includes a support shaft 11 and a spiral heat exchange plate 10. The pitch and number of turns of the spiral heat exchange plate 10 are the same as those of the spiral main pipe 4. The support shaft 11 has a radius of r1 and is cylindrical or cylindrically annular. Cover plates 12 are provided at each end of the heat exchange channel 3. The cover plates 12 are provided with an inlet 13 and an outlet 14 for the heat exchange channel 3. The cover plates 12 and the cavity of the hollow cylinder 1 form a spiral heat exchange channel. The spiral heat exchange plate 10 is located within the spiral heat exchange channel. Heat exchange fluid enters the spiral heat exchange channel and flows along the spiral heat exchange plate 10.

[0072] like Figure 7As shown, the curvature of the spiral main pipe 4 remains unchanged, and the parametric equation of the spiral center line of the spiral main pipe is:

[0073]

[0074] Where t is the parameter of the parametric equation of the spiral center line H(t), the radius of the spiral center line H(t) is r, the height is h, the number of turns is n, the spiral center line is located in the positive direction of the y-axis, the starting point of the spiral line is at (0,0,r), and the starting rotation direction is the negative direction of the x-axis.

[0075] like Figure 8 As shown, the center line of the J-shaped branch pipe 5 is composed of a line segment AB and an arc BC with a center O that is tangent to the line segment AB, that is, point A is the bifurcation of the reaction channel, and point C is the confluence of the reaction channels; the tangent of the spiral center line H(t) at point A is defined as line segment AD, and the angle between line segment AB and line segment AD is α; the tangent of the spiral center line H(t) at point C is defined as line segment CE, and the tangent of arc BC at point C is defined as line segment CF. Since the arc tube of the J-shaped branch pipe 5 is a channel that vertically merges into the spiral main pipe 4, line segment CE and line segment CF are perpendicular to each other; since line segment AB and arc BC are tangent, line segment AB and arc BC are located on the same plane, and the plane is defined as s J , points A, B, C, and O are all located in plane s J superior;

[0076] Points A and C are located on the spiral centerline H(t). Define the y coordinate of point A as A and the coordinate y of point C C =y A +c, and substituting it into the equation of the spiral centerline H(t), we get the coordinates of points A and C:

[0077]

[0078] Substituting the coordinates of point A into the tangent equation, we can obtain the parametric equation of the line where the spiral centerline H(t) is located, and the line segment AD is located at point A:

[0079] AD:

[0080] The parameter s1 of the parametric equation of the line on which segment AD lies belongs to the set of real numbers Any real number in ;

[0081] Substituting the coordinates of point C into the tangent equation formula, we can obtain the parametric equation of the line where the spiral center line H(t) is located at point C:

[0082] CE:

[0083] The parameter s2 of the parametric equation of the line on which segment CE lies belongs to the set of real numbers Any real number in .

[0084] To minimize pressure loss when the fluid flows simultaneously through the spiral main pipe and the J-shaped branch pipe, the inclination of the J-shaped branch pipe must be equal to that of the spiral main pipe. That is, the elevation angle of line segment AB is equal to the helical pitch angle of the spiral centerline H(t). Therefore, the line on which line segment AB lies is obtained by rotating line segment AD counterclockwise by α about a line passing through point A and parallel to the y-axis. Counterclockwise refers to the viewing angle in the negative direction of the y-axis. The elevation angle of line segment AB refers to the angle between line segment AB and plane xz, and the helical pitch angle of the spiral centerline H(t) refers to the angle between line segment AD and plane xz.

[0085] Substituting the equation of line segment AD into the rotation formula, we can calculate the parametric equation of the line on which line segment AB lies:

[0086] AB:

[0087] The parameter s3 of the parametric equation of the line on which segment AB lies belongs to the set of real numbers Any real number in ;

[0088] It is known that line segment AB and point C are both in plane s J On the plane s, we can calculate J The equation is:

[0089] s J :

[0090] Among them, det represents the determinant operation;

[0091] It is known that arc BC lies in plane s J So line segment CF lies on plane s J Then, based on the fact that line segments CE and CF are perpendicular to each other, the parametric equation of the line where line segment CF lies can be calculated:

[0092] CF:

[0093] The parameter s4 of the parametric equation of the line on which segment CF lies belongs to the set of real numbers Any real number in ;

[0094] Where, s for the plane J Normal vector:

[0095]

[0096] Where A and C are the Cartesian coordinates of point A and point C;

[0097] is the direction vector of line segment AB:

[0098]

[0099] The radius OC of the arc BC lies on the plane s J On the tangent line CF, the parametric equation of the line where the radius OC lies can be calculated:

[0100] OC:

[0101] In the formula, the parameter s5 of the parametric equation of the line where the radius OC lies belongs to the real number set Any real number in , is the direction vector of line segment CE:

[0102]

[0103] Since line segment AB is tangent to arc BC, radius OB is perpendicular to line AB, and the length of radius OC is equal to the distance from point O to line AB. List the equation:

[0104] |OC|=d(O,AB)

[0105] The length of the radius OC

[0106] The distance from point O to line AB

[0107] is the direction vector of line segment OA:

[0108]

[0109] By combining the equation of the line on which the radius OC lies with the equation |OC| = d(O, AB), we can calculate the coordinates of the center point O of the arc BC, the coordinates of point B, and the radius of the arc BC.

[0110] That is, the numerical solution of the coordinates of point O can be obtained using the Python programming language. The code is as follows:

[0111] import numpy as np

[0112] from scipy.optimize import fsolve

[0113] # Known parameters n, r, h, y_A, c, alpha

[0114] #Calculate θ_A and θ_C

[0115] theta_A=2*np.pi*n*y_A / h

[0116] theta_C=2*np.pi*n*(y_A+c) / h

[0117] #Define points A and C

[0118] A=np.array([-r*np.sin(theta_A),y_A,r*np.cos(theta_A)])

[0119] C=np.array([-r*np.sin(theta_C),y_A+c,r*np.cos(theta_C)])

[0120] #Define the direction vector vA_prime of line AB

[0121] vA_prime=np.array([-2*np.pi*n*r*np.cos(theta_A-alpha),h,-2*np.pi*n*r*np.sin(theta_A-alpha)])

[0122] #Define the tangent vector vC of the spiral at C

[0123] vC=np.array([-2*np.pi*n*r*np.cos(theta_C),h,-2*np.pi*n*r*np.sin(theta_C)])

[0124] #Calculate the normal vector of plane s_J N = vA_prime × (CA)

[0125] N = np.cross(vA_prime,CA)

[0126] #Construct the direction vector dC_prime of the straight line CE:

[0127] #dC_prime=(N·vC)*N-||N||^2*vC

[0128] dC_prime=(np.dot(N,vC))*N-(np.linalg.norm(N)**2)*vC

[0129] #Define the distance function from point O to line AB

[0130] def distance_to_lA_prime(P):

[0131] return np.linalg.norm(np.cross(PA,vA_prime)) / np.linalg.norm(vA_prime)

[0132] #Define the equation for parameter t: O=C+t*dC_prime; require OC=distance(O,l'_A), that is, f(t)=distance_to_lA_prime(O)-|t|*||dC_prime||=0

[0133] def f(t):

[0134] O=C+t*dC_prime

[0135] return distance_to_lA_prime(O)-abs(t)*np.linalg.norm(dC_prime)

[0136] #Because the y component of dC_prime is negative (causing O to move downward from C along the straight line l'_C), a very small positive value is selected as the initial guess

[0137] t0=1e-11

[0138] #Solve t

[0139] t_solution = fsolve(f,t0)[0]

[0140] #Calculate the coordinates of O

[0141] O=C+t_solution*dC_prime

[0142] print("The coordinates of point O are:")

[0143] print("x_O=",O[0])

[0144] print("y_O=",O[1])

[0145] print("z_O=",O[2])

[0146] After calculating the coordinates of point O, the center of arc BC, the coordinates of point B and the radius of arc BC can be further calculated.

[0147] Define the path distance between two adjacent J-shaped branches on the spiral center line H(t) as s, and define the y coordinate of point A on the spiral center line of the first J-shaped branch as The y coordinate of point A on the spiral center line of the i-th J-shaped branch can be calculated for:

[0148]

[0149] The corresponding equation and the coordinates of each point of the i-th J-shaped branch pipe can be calculated according to the above method.

[0150] The spiral heat exchange plate 10 is obtained by thickening a cylindrical ring spiral surface. In order to synchronize heat exchange of the reaction channel, the pitch, the number of turns and the rotation direction of the cylindrical ring spiral surface where the spiral heat exchange plate 10 is located are the same as the spiral center line H(t) of the spiral main pipe. The inner diameter of the cylindrical ring spiral surface where the spiral heat exchange plate is located is defined as R1, and the outer diameter is defined as R2. The parametric equation of the cylindrical ring spiral surface is:

[0151]

[0152] Where t and R are the parameters of the parametric equation of the cylindrical ring spiral surface. Since the cylindrical ring spiral surface where the spiral heat exchange plate 10 is located has the same pitch, the number of turns and the rotation direction as the spiral center line H(t) of the spiral main pipe, the same parameter t is used.

[0153] The spiral main pipe of the present application is a spiral channel with constant curvature, and the fluid flowing in the main channel does not need to suddenly turn; the J-shaped branch pipe is located outside the spiral main pipe, and when the fluid flows to the branch of the J-shaped branch pipe and the spiral main pipe, it can smoothly flow into the J-shaped branch pipe under the action of centrifugal force, and does not need to suddenly turn; the inclination angle of the J-shaped branch pipe is the same as that of the spiral main pipe, which can maximize the pressure loss of the fluid flowing in the spiral main pipe and the J-shaped branch pipe at the same time; the straight pipe and the circular arc pipe of the J-shaped branch pipe are tangent, and the fluid flows smoothly in the J-shaped branch pipe, and does not need to suddenly turn; the convergence of the J-shaped branch pipe and the spiral main pipe, the J-shaped branch pipe and the spiral main pipe are perpendicular to each other, and the best balance between enhancing the mixing effect and reducing the pressure loss is achieved, if the included angle between the J-shaped branch pipe and the spiral main pipe is obtuse, the two fluids will impact each other when they converge, and the pressure loss is greater than when the included angle is a right angle, if the included angle between the branch channel and the main channel is acute, the mixing effect is not as good as when the included angle is a right angle.

[0154] Example 2

[0155] Example 2 is the same as example 1, the difference is only that the heat exchange channel 3 is located outside the hollow cylinder 1. The hollow cylinder 1 serves as the support shaft of the heat exchange channel 3. A hollow cylinder is arranged outside the heat exchange channel 3, and a circular ring cover plate is arranged at the upper and lower ends of the hollow cylinder. The inner wall of the hollow cylinder and the outer wall of the hollow cylinder 1 and the circular ring cover plate constitute a spiral heat exchange channel, and the spiral heat exchange plate 10 is located in the spiral heat exchange channel. The heat exchange flow enters the spiral heat exchange channel and flows along the spiral heat exchange plate 10.

[0156] Example 3

[0157] like Figures 2 to 6 As shown, the microchannel reactor of the present invention includes a hollow cylinder 1, a reaction channel 2, and a heat exchange channel 3. The hollow cylinder 1 has an inner diameter of 90 mm, an outer diameter of 120 mm, and a height of 120 mm. The reaction channel 2 is located within the wall of the hollow cylinder. There are three reaction channels 2 arranged in a circular array around the y-axis within the hollow cylinder 1. The reaction channels 2 are 2 mm round tubes. The reaction channel 2 includes a spiral main pipe 4 and 78 J-shaped branch pipes 5. The spiral main pipe 4 is spirally arranged along the center line of the hollow cylinder 1, and the 78 J-shaped branch pipes 5 are arranged in sequence along the outside of the spiral main pipe 4. Both ends of the J-shaped branch pipe 5 are connected to the spiral main pipe 4. The J-shaped branch pipe 5 includes a straight pipe 6 and an arc pipe 7 tangent to the straight pipe 6. The central axis of the straight pipe 6 is tangent to the central spiral line of the spiral main pipe 4. The angle between the central axis of the arc pipe 7 and the intersection of the spiral main pipe 4 is 90°. That is, in order to balance the mixing effect and pressure loss of the reaction channel, the arc pipe 7 of the J-shaped branch pipe 5 merges vertically into the channel of the spiral main pipe 4. An inlet pipe 8 and an outlet pipe 9 are provided at each end of the spiral main pipe 4, located at the end faces of the hollow cylinder 1. Each spiral main pipe has two inlet pipes and one outlet pipe, for a total of six inlet pipes and three outlet pipes. The inlet and outlet pipes are located on the two bottom surfaces of the hollow cylinder where the reaction channel is located. The heat exchange channel 3 is located within the cavity of the hollow cylinder 1. The heat exchange channel 3 includes a support shaft 11 and a spiral heat exchange plate 10. The pitch and number of turns of the spiral heat exchange plate 10 are the same as those of the spiral main pipe 4. The radius of the support shaft 11 is r1 = 5 mm, and the support shaft 11 is a cylindrical support shaft or a cylindrical ring support shaft. A cover plate 12 is provided at each end of the heat exchange channel 3, and the cover plate 12 is provided with the inlet 13 and outlet 14 of the heat exchange channel 3.

[0158] like Figure 7 As shown, the curvature of the spiral main pipe 4 remains unchanged, and the parametric equation of the spiral center line of the spiral main pipe 4 is:

[0159]

[0160] Where t is a parameter of the parametric equation of the spiral centerline H(t), the radius of the spiral centerline H(t) is r = 50 mm, the height is h = 100 mm, the number of turns is n = 6, the spiral centerline is located in the positive direction of the y-axis, the starting point of the spiral is at (0, 0, 50), and the starting rotation direction is the negative direction of the x-axis.

[0161] like Figure 8As shown, the center line of the J-shaped branch pipe 5 is composed of a line segment AB and an arc BC with a center O tangent to the line segment AB, that is, point A is the branching point of the reaction channel, and point C is the converging point of the reaction channel; the tangent line of the spiral center line H(t) at point A is defined as a line segment AD, the included angle between the line segment AB and the line segment AD is α = 15°; the tangent line of the spiral center line H(t) at point C is defined as a line segment CE, and the tangent line of the arc BC at point C is defined as a line segment CF, since the arc pipe of the J-shaped branch pipe 5 is vertically merged into the channel of the spiral main pipe 4, the line segment CE and the line segment CF are perpendicular to each other; since the line segment AB and the arc BC are tangent to each other, the line segment AB and the arc BC are located on the same plane, and the plane is defined as s J , points A, B, C and O are located on the plane s J ;

[0162] Points A and C are located on the spiral center line H(t), and the y coordinate y A of point A is defined as 0.5 mm and the y coordinate y C of point C is defined as y A +c = 1.5 mm, substituting the equation of the spiral center line H(t) to obtain the coordinates of points A and C:

[0163] A = (-50sin(0.1885), 0.5, 50cos(0.1885)) ≈ (-9.37, 0.5, 49.11)

[0164] C = (-50sin(0.5655), 1.5, 50cos(0.5655)) ≈ (-26.75, 1.5, 42.20)

[0165] Substituting the coordinates of point A into the tangent line equation formula, the parameter equation of the straight line on which the line segment AD of the spiral center line H(t) at point A is located is obtained:

[0166] AD:

[0167] The parameter s1 of the parameter equation of the straight line on which the line segment AD is located belongs to any real number in the real number set ;

[0168] Substituting the coordinates of point C into the tangent line equation formula, the parameter equation of the straight line on which the line segment CE of the spiral center line H(t) at point C is located is obtained:

[0169] CE:

[0170] The parameter s2 of the parameter equation of the straight line on which the line segment CE is located belongs to any real number in the real number set ;

[0171] To minimize pressure loss when the fluid flows simultaneously through the spiral main pipe and the J-shaped branch pipe, the inclination of the J-shaped branch pipe must be equal to that of the spiral main pipe. That is, the elevation angle of line segment AB is equal to the helical pitch angle of the spiral centerline H(t). Therefore, the line on which line segment AB lies is obtained by rotating line segment AD counterclockwise by α = 15° about a line passing through point A and parallel to the y-axis. Counterclockwise refers to the viewing angle in the negative direction of the y-axis. The elevation angle of line segment AB refers to the angle between line segment AB and plane xz, and the helical pitch angle of the spiral centerline H(t) refers to the angle between line segment AD and plane xz.

[0172] Substituting the equation of line segment AD into the rotation formula, we can calculate the parametric equation of the line on which line segment AB lies:

[0173] AB:

[0174] The parameter s3 of the parametric equation of the line on which segment AB lies belongs to the set of real numbers Any real number in ;

[0175] It is known that line segment AB and point C are both in plane s J On the plane s, we can calculate J The equation is:

[0176] -829.1(x+9.37)-15396.3(y-0.5)-142.5(z-49.11)=0

[0177] It is known that arc BC lies in plane s J So line segment CF lies on plane s J Then, based on the fact that line segments CE and CF are perpendicular to each other, the parametric equation of the line where line segment CF lies can be calculated:

[0178] CF:

[0179] The parameter s4 of the parametric equation of the line on which segment CF lies belongs to the set of real numbers Any real number in ;

[0180] The radius OC of the arc BC lies on the plane s J On the tangent line CF, calculate the equation of the line where the radius OC lies:

[0181] OC:

[0182] The parameter s5 of the parametric equation of the line where the radius OC lies belongs to the set of real numbers Any real number in ;

[0183] Since the line segment AB is tangent to the circular arc BC, the radius OB is perpendicular to the straight line AB, and the length of the radius OC is equal to the distance from point O to the straight line AB, list the equations:

[0184] |OC| = d(O, AB)

[0185] Length of the radius OC

[0186] Distance from point O to the straight line AB

[0187] The direction vector of the line segment OA is:

[0188]

[0189] By combining the equation of the straight line where the radius OC lies and the equation |OC| = d(O, AB), the coordinates of the center O point of the circular arc BC, the coordinates of point B, and the radius of the circular arc BC can be calculated;

[0190] Even using the Python programming language, the numerical solution of the coordinates of point O can be obtained, and the code is as follows:

[0191] import numpy as np

[0192] from scipy.optimize import fsolve

[0193] # Given parameters

[0194] n = 6

[0195] r = 50

[0196] h = 100

[0197] y_A = 0.5

[0198] c = 1

[0199] alpha = np.deg2rad(15) # 15° converted to radians

[0200] # Calculate θ_A and θ_C

[0201] theta_A = 2 * np.pi * n * y_A / h

[0202] theta_C = 2 * np.pi * n * (y_A + c) / h

[0203] # Define points A and C

[0204] A=np.array([-r*np.sin(theta_A),y_A,r*np.cos(theta_A)])

[0205] C=np.array([-r*np.sin(theta_C),y_A+c,r*np.cos(theta_C)])

[0206] #Define the direction vector vA_prime of line AB

[0207] vA_prime=np.array([-2*np.pi*n*r*np.cos(theta_A-alpha),h,-2*np.pi*n*r*np.sin(theta_A-alpha)])

[0208] #Define the tangent vector vC of the spiral at C

[0209] vC=np.array([-2*np.pi*n*r*np.cos(theta_C),h,-2*np.pi*n*r*np.sin(theta_C)])

[0210] #Calculate the normal vector of plane s_J N = vA_prime × (CA)

[0211] N = np.cross(vA_prime,CA)

[0212] #Construct the direction vector dC_prime of the straight line CE:

[0213] #dC_prime=(N·vC)*N-||N||^2*vC

[0214] dC_prime=(np.dot(N,vC))*N-(np.linalg.norm(N)**2)*vC

[0215] #Define the distance function from point O to line AB

[0216] def distance_to_lA_prime(P):

[0217] return np.linalg.norm(np.cross(PA,vA_prime)) / np.linalg.norm(vA_prime)

[0218] #Define the equation for parameter t: O=C+t*dC_prime; require OC=distance(O,l'_A), that is, f(t)=distance_to_lA_prime(O)-|t|*||dC_prime||=0

[0219] def f(t):

[0220] O=C+t*dC_prime

[0221] return distance_to_lA_prime(O)-abs(t)*np.linalg.norm(dC_prime)

[0222] #Because the y component of dC_prime is negative (causing O to move downward from C along the straight line l'_C), a very small positive value is selected as the initial guess

[0223] t0=1e-11

[0224] #Solve t

[0225] t_solution = fsolve(f,t0)[0]

[0226] #Calculate the coordinates of O

[0227] O=C+t_solution*dC_prime

[0228] print("The coordinates of point O are:")

[0229] print("x_O=",O[0])

[0230] print("y_O=",O[1])

[0231] print("z_O=",O[2])

[0232] After running the above code, you can get the coordinates of point O:

[0233] O≈(-22.48,1.243,44.95)

[0234] After calculating the coordinates of the center point O of arc BC, the coordinates of point B and the radius of arc BC can be further calculated: B≈(-22.10,1.177,50.06), r BC ≈5.116mm.

[0235] The path distance between two adjacent J-shaped branches on the spiral center line H(t) is defined as s = 24 mm, and the y coordinate of point A on the spiral center line of the first J-shaped branch is defined as The y coordinate of point A of the i-th J-shaped branch spiral center line can be calculated is:

[0236]

[0237] The corresponding equation and point coordinates of the i-th J-shaped branch can be calculated according to the above method.

[0238] The spiral heat exchange plate 10 is obtained by thickening a cylindrical ring spiral surface, and the thickness is 4 mm. In order to synchronize the heat exchange of the reaction channel, the pitch and rotation direction of the cylindrical ring spiral surface of the spiral heat exchange plate 10 are the same as the spiral center line H(t) of the spiral main pipe. Defining the inner diameter of the cylindrical ring spiral surface of the spiral heat exchange plate as R1=5 mm and the outer diameter as R2=45 mm, the parametric equation of the cylindrical ring spiral surface is:

[0239]

[0240] t and R are parameters of the parametric equation of the cylindrical ring spiral surface. The heat exchange channel is provided with a cover plate with a thickness of 2 mm at both ends, and the cover plate is provided with an inlet and an outlet of the heat exchange channel with a diameter of 20 mm.

[0241] The working principle of the present application is that two kinds of fluids to be mixed are introduced into two inlet channels and start to flow and mix, the fluids are divided at the branch of each spiral main pipe and J-shaped branch of the reaction channel, and the fluids are further mixed at the junction of each spiral main pipe and J-shaped branch of the reaction channel; the spiral main pipe is a spiral line pipeline with constant curvature, which can reduce the flow resistance under the premise of ensuring the mixing effect; the inclination angles of the spiral main pipe and the J-shaped branch are equal, which can further reduce the flow resistance when the fluids flow in the spiral main pipe and the J-shaped branch at the same time. The heat exchange fluid flows into the spiral heat exchange channel formed by the spiral heat exchange plate from the heat exchange channel inlet, and spirally flows in the spiral heat exchange channel. During the flow process, the temperature control of the reaction channel is realized through the heat transfer of the spiral heat exchange plate and the solid domain of the hollow cylinder. The heat exchange fluid can be a coolant or a heat medium.

[0242] Example 4

[0243] As shown in Figures 9-11 , the difference between example 4 and example 3 is that the number of reaction channels 2 is 1, and the heat exchange channel 3 is located outside the reaction channel 2. The hollow cylinder 1 has an inner diameter of 25 mm, an outer diameter of 45 mm, a height of 120 mm, and an internal reaction channel 2. The reaction channel 2 includes one spiral main pipe and 70 J-shaped branches.

[0244] As shown in Figure 12As shown in the figure, a spiral main pipe is defined as the central spiral line H(t) of a spiral with a diameter of 30 mm (radius r = 15 mm), a height of h = 100 mm, and a number of turns n = 18, with a constant pitch. The spiral center lines are all located in the positive direction of the y-axis, with the starting point of the spiral center line at (0, 0, 15) and the starting direction of rotation in the negative direction of the x-axis. The equation of the spiral center line can be obtained as:

[0245]

[0246] like Figure 13 As shown in the figure, a J-shaped branch consists of a straight tube and a circular arc tube tangent to the straight tube. Its centerline is defined as the line segment AB and the arc BC tangent to the line segment AB with the center at O. That is, point A is the bifurcation of the reaction channel, and point C is the confluence of the reaction channels. The line where line segment AB lies is the tangent of the spiral centerline H(t) at point A, that is, α = 0°. Define the y coordinate y of point A on the spiral centerline of the first J-shaped branch A1 =0.5mm, y coordinate of point C C1 =1.5mm. Substituting the above parameters into the Python code for calculating the coordinates of point O in Example 1, the coordinate values ​​of A1, C1, and O1 can be directly obtained:

[0247] A1≈(–8.03, 0.5, 12.66)

[0248] C1≈(–14.88,1.5,–1.95)

[0249] O1≈(-15.4458,1.2915,2.6052)

[0250] The coordinates of point B1 and the radius of arc BC can then be further calculated:

[0251] B1≈(-17.87,1.187,6.422)

[0252] r BC ≈4.526mm

[0253] There are 70 J-shaped branches in a curved array. The path distance s between adjacent J-shaped branches on the spiral center line H(t) is 24 mm. The point A on the spiral center line of the i-th J-shaped branch can be calculated. i The y coordinate of:

[0254]

[0255] Then, all equations and coordinates of the spiral centerline of the i-th J-shaped branch can be calculated using the above method.

[0256] Two inlet pipes and one outlet pipe are arranged at both ends of the spiral main pipe, and the inlets of the inlet pipes and the outlet of the outlet pipe are located on the two bottom surfaces of the cylindrical ring geometric body where the reaction channel is located.

[0257] The heat exchange channel consists of a spiral heat exchange plate, which is formed by thickening the helical surface of a cylindrical ring. The thickness of the spiral plate is 2 mm. The height, number of turns, and rotation direction of the cylindrical ring helical surface on which the spiral heat exchange plate is located are the same as the spiral centerline H(t) of the reaction channel. The inner radius R1 of the cylindrical ring helical surface on which the spiral heat exchange plate is located is equal to the outer radius of the cylindrical ring geometric body containing the reaction channel, which is 22.5 mm. The outer radius R2 of the cylindrical ring helical surface on which the spiral heat exchange plate is located is 40 mm. The equation for the cylindrical ring helical surface on which the spiral heat exchange plate is located is:

[0258]

[0259] 2mm thick circular cover plates are provided at both ends of the heat exchange channel, and the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange channel with a diameter of 20mm are provided on the circular cover plates.

Claims

1. A microchannel reactor with a cylindrical spiral structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a hollow cylinder (1), a reaction channel (2) and a heat exchange channel (3) located in the wall of the hollow cylinder, wherein the reaction channel (2) comprises a spiral main pipe (4) spirally arranged along the center line of the hollow cylinder (1), and J-shaped branch pipes (5) arranged in sequence along the outer side of the spiral main pipe and connected to the spiral main pipe at both ends, and the J-shaped branch pipes comprise a straight pipe (6) and an arc pipe (7) tangent to the straight pipe.

2. The microchannel reactor with a cylindrical helical structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curvature of the spiral main pipe (4) remains unchanged, and the parametric equation of the spiral center line of the spiral main pipe (4) is: Where t is the parameter of the parametric equation of the spiral center line H(t), the radius of the spiral center line H(t) is r, the height is h, the number of turns is n, the spiral center line is located in the positive direction of the y-axis, the starting point of the spiral line is at (0,0,r), and the starting rotation direction is the negative direction of the x-axis.

3. The microchannel reactor with a cylindrical helical structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The center line of the J-shaped branch (5) is composed of a line segment AB and an arc BC tangent to the line segment AB with a center O, that is, point A is the bifurcation of the reaction channel, and point C is the confluence of the reaction channel; the tangent of the spiral center line H(t) at point A is defined as line segment AD, and the angle between line segment AB and line segment AD is α; the tangent of the spiral center line H(t) at point C is defined as line segment CE, and the tangent of arc BC at point C is defined as line segment CF, and line segment CE and line segment CF are perpendicular to each other; line segment AB and arc BC are located on the same plane, and the plane is defined as s J , points A, B, C, and O are all located in plane s J superior; Points A and C are located on the spiral centerline H(t). Define the y coordinate of point A as A and the coordinate y of point C C =y A +c, and substituting it into the equation of the spiral centerline H(t), we get the coordinates of points A and C: Substituting the coordinates of point A into the tangent equation, we can obtain the parametric equation of the line where the spiral centerline H(t) is located, and the line segment AD is located at point A: The parameter s1 of the parametric equation of the line on which segment AD lies belongs to the set of real numbers Any real number in ; Substituting the coordinates of point C into the tangent equation formula, we can obtain the parametric equation of the line where the spiral center line H(t) is located at point C: The parameter s2 of the parametric equation of the line on which segment CE lies belongs to the set of real numbers Any real number in ; The elevation angle of line segment AB is equal to the helix pitch angle of the spiral centerline H(t). Therefore, the line on which line segment AB lies is obtained by rotating line segment AD counterclockwise by α about a line passing through point A and parallel to the y-axis. Counterclockwise refers to the viewing angle in the negative direction of the y-axis. The elevation angle of line segment AB is the angle between line segment AB and plane xz, and the helix pitch angle of the spiral centerline H(t) is the angle between line segment AD and plane xz. Substituting the equation of line segment AD into the rotation formula, we can calculate the parametric equation of the line on which line segment AB lies: The parameter s3 of the parametric equation of the line on which segment AB lies belongs to the set of real numbers Any real number in ; It is known that line segment AB and point C are both in plane s J On the plane s, we can calculate J The equation is: Among them, det represents the determinant operation; It is known that arc BC lies in plane s J So line segment CF lies on plane s J Then, based on the fact that line segments CE and CF are perpendicular to each other, the parametric equation of the line where line segment CF lies can be calculated: The parameter s4 of the parametric equation of the line on which segment CF lies belongs to the set of real numbers Any real number in ; Where, s for the plane J Normal vector: Where A and C are the Cartesian coordinates of point A and point C; is the direction vector of line segment AB: The radius OC of the arc BC lies on the plane s J On the tangent line CF, the parametric equation of the line where the radius OC lies can be calculated: The parameter s5 of the parametric equation of the line where the radius OC lies belongs to the set of real numbers Any real number in ; Where, is the direction vector of line segment CE: Since line segment AB is tangent to arc BC, radius OB is perpendicular to line AB, and the length of radius OC is equal to the distance from point O to line AB. The equation can be listed as: |OC|=d(O,AB) The length of the radius OC The distance from point O to line AB is the direction vector of line segment OA: By combining the equation of the line on which the radius OC lies with the equation |OC| = d(O, AB), we can calculate the coordinates of the center point O of the arc BC, the coordinates of point B, and the radius of the arc BC. Define the path distance between two adjacent J-shaped branches on the spiral center line H(t) as s, and define the y coordinate of point A on the spiral center line of the first J-shaped branch as The y coordinate of point A on the spiral center line of the i-th J-shaped branch can be calculated for: Then calculate the corresponding equation and coordinates of each point of the i-th J-shaped branch.

4. The microchannel reactor with a cylindrical helical structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central axis of the straight tube (6) is tangent to the central spiral line of the spiral main tube (4).

5. The microchannel reactor with a cylindrical helical structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the central axis of the arc tube (7) and the intersection line of the spiral main tube (4) is 90°.

6. The microchannel reactor with a cylindrical helical structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inlet pipe (8) and an outlet pipe (9) are respectively provided at both ends of the spiral main pipe (4), and the inlet pipe (8) and the outlet pipe (9) are located on the end face or the outer cylindrical surface of the hollow cylinder (1).

7. The microchannel reactor with a cylindrical helical structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow cylinder (1) has a plurality of reaction channels (2) arranged in an array on its inner circumference.

8. The microchannel reactor with a cylindrical helical structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange channel (3) is located outside the hollow cylinder (1).

9. The microchannel reactor with a cylindrical helical structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange channel (3) is located in the cavity of the hollow cylinder (1).

10. The microchannel reactor with a cylindrical helical structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange channel (3) comprises a spiral heat exchange plate (10), the pitch, number of turns and rotation direction of the spiral heat exchange plate (10) being the same as those of the spiral main pipe (4).

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