Field miniature PVC litter decomposition experiment ring

Abstract

The invention discloses a field miniature PVC litter decomposition experiment ring which comprises a miniature ring structure, observation opening structures are oppositely formed in the outer surface of the miniature ring structure, a nylon net structure with the pore diameter of 5 mm is glued in an inner cavity of one observation opening structure, a nylon net structure with the pore diameter of 50 microns is glued in the other observation opening structure, and the inner cavity of the other observation opening structure is glued with a nylon net structure with the pore diameter of 50 microns. The top of the outer ring of the miniature ring structure is sleeved with a disassembly and assembly ring, and a cover net structure which is in a stretched state and has the aperture of 50 micrometers is glued to the top of the disassembly and assembly ring. Firstly, the influence of microenvironment interference and physical limitation in the litter decomposition process is solved, and the situation that the decomposition rate deviates from a true value due to litter compaction and rainfall erosion in the environment is avoided; secondly, the problem that a litter mesh bag method changes the feeding preference of soil animals is solved, it is ensured that the decomposition behavior is consistent with the natural state, and finally, due to the fact that the decomposition process is protected by the miniature environment, the influence of human factors and large animals is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of miniature experiments, in particular to a field miniature PVC litter decomposition experiment ring. Background Art

[0002] The litter bag method is a key technology widely used to study the role of soil animals in litter decomposition. Its core principle is to control the pore size of the bag to select soil animals of specific body sizes, and combine it with experimental design to simulate natural decomposition conditions. The following is a detailed description of the technique:

[0003] 1. Mesh bag design and materials

[0004] Traditional mesh bags cause litter accumulation due to their flat shape, affecting decomposition.

[0005] Aperture grading control: The aperture difference design between the top and bottom of the mesh bag:

[0006] (1) Top pore size: usually set to different specifications such as 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 2mm, and 5mm, allowing soil animals of different sizes (such as earthworms, mites, and beetles) to enter. For example, large pores (such as 5mm) allow large animals to participate, while small pores (such as 0.1mm) only allow microbial activity.

[0007] (2) Bottom pore diameter: reduced to 0.05–0.15 mm to reduce the leakage of litter debris and improve data accuracy.

[0008] Materials and fixing devices: The mesh bag is made of flexible nylon or polyester. Some experiments have fixing holes at the bottom and are fixed to the soil with stainless steel nails to prevent displacement.

[0009] 2. Experimental Design and Application

[0010] By setting up mesh bags with varying pore sizes (e.g., 2mm mesh bags exclude large animals while allowing all animals in), the contribution of different animal sizes to decomposition can be quantified. The bags can be placed on the surface or buried in the soil to differentiate between litter decomposition on the surface and within the soil. For example, surface decomposition is primarily driven by medium- and large-sized animals, while buried decomposition relies more on microorganisms and small animals.

[0011] 3.Technological advantages

[0012] (1) Strong controllability: Specific animal groups can be screened through aperture to clarify their ecological functions.

[0013] (2) Easy to operate: suitable for long-term field monitoring and large-scale comparative studies.

[0014] (3) Low cost: Nylon mesh is inexpensive and suitable for large-scale studies such as multi-replicate and multi-species studies.

[0015] Microenvironmental disturbances and physical limitations

[0016] (1) Unnatural distribution of litter: The net bag method limits the three-dimensional contact between litter and soil, changes the water infiltration, gas exchange and microbial diffusion under natural conditions, and may cause the decomposition rate to deviate from the true value.

[0017] (2) Humidity and air permeability deviation: The hydrophobicity of the mesh bag material (such as nylon) may hinder the uniform penetration of water, and some enclosed spaces may accumulate CO2 or reduce the oxygen content, inhibiting the activity of aerobic microorganisms.

[0018] (3) Physical isolation effect: The mesh bags prevent litter from mixing with other soil organic matter, weakening the synergistic effect between different litters during natural decomposition (such as nutrient complementation), and affecting the community interaction between soil animals and microorganisms.

[0019] Incompleteness of animal screening

[0020] (1) Aperture classification error: Small-aperture mesh bags (e.g., 0.1 mm) may not be able to completely exclude some collembolans or mite larvae (body width < 0.1 mm), while large-aperture mesh bags (e.g., 5 mm) may accidentally block some large animals (e.g., earthworms avoid entering due to the mesh bag material), resulting in overestimation or underestimation of the contribution of functional groups.

[0021] (2) Behavioral interference: The presence of mesh bags may change the activity paths or feeding preferences of soil animals (such as avoiding foreign material obstacles), resulting in decomposition behavior that is inconsistent with the natural state.

[0022] Inadequate assessment of microbial effects

[0023] (1) Neglecting metabolic pathways: Traditional methods directly equate litter mass loss with mineralization, ignoring the contribution of secondary products produced by microbial metabolism (such as extracellular polymers and metabolic intermediates) to the soil carbon and nitrogen cycle.

[0024] (2) Dynamic changes in the community: The closed environment in the mesh bag may change the succession pattern of the microbial community (such as preference for hypoxia-tolerant bacteria), which is different from the natural succession in open soil.

[0025] Technical operation and defects

[0026] (1) Experimental repeatability challenges: Slight differences in the depth of mesh bag placement and fixation method (such as the angle of burial in the soil) may significantly affect the local microenvironment, leading to increased intra-group variation.

[0027] (2) Material aging in long-term experiments: In long-term field experiments, ultraviolet degradation or soil corrosion may cause the mesh bag aperture to expand or rupture, resulting in uncontrolled animal screening (e.g., deformation of the aperture in the later stage may cause large animals to enter the preset exclusion group).

[0028] Limitations of data interpretation

[0029] The sources of litter loss are confused: mass loss may come from animal feeding, microbial decomposition or physical leaching (such as precipitation washing away soluble substances), but the mesh bag method makes it difficult to accurately distinguish the contributions of different pathways.

[0030] Ecological complexity simplification problem

[0031] Insufficient integration of climate change factors: Field bag experiments are difficult to dynamically simulate the immediate impact of extreme climate events such as warming and drought on decomposer-litter interactions, and reliance on long-term observations may miss short-term response mechanisms.

[0032] In view of the situations and problems analyzed above, we propose a field miniature PVC litter decomposition experimental loop. Summary of the Invention

[0033] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a field miniature PVC litter decomposition experimental ring to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0034] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0035] A field miniature PVC litter decomposition experimental ring comprises a miniature ring structure, wherein observation port structures are opened opposite to each other on the outer surface of the miniature ring structure, a nylon mesh structure with a pore size of 5 mm is glued into the inner cavity of one of the observation port structures, and a nylon mesh structure with a pore size of 50 μm is glued into the inner cavity of the other observation port structure, a disassembly ring is sleeved on the top of the outer ring of the miniature ring structure, and a cover mesh structure with a pore size of 50 μm is glued to the top of the disassembly ring.

[0036] Preferably, a horizontal bar structure with an inclined chamfer is glued to the top position of the inner wall of the miniature ring structure.

[0037] Preferably, the top of the horizontal strip structure contacts the bottom of the cover net structure.

[0038] Preferably, limit rings are fixedly installed at the upper and lower ends of both sides of the outer wall of the miniature ring structure.

[0039] Preferably, a positioning rod is inserted into the inner ring of the limiting ring, a limiting pressing plate is fixedly installed at the bottom position of the outer ring of the positioning rod, and a hollow cylinder structure is sleeved at the top position of the outer ring of the positioning rod.

[0040] Preferably, the inner diameter of the disassembly ring is larger than the outer diameter of the miniature ring structure, and the difference between the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the hollow cylinder structure is the same.

[0041] Preferably, thin sheet structures are provided at equal distances on the outer side wall of the disassembly ring.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] This field miniature PVC litter decomposition experimental ring, first of all, solves the influence of microenvironmental interference and physical limitations in the process of litter decomposition, and avoids the decomposition rate deviating from the true value due to litter compaction and precipitation erosion in the environment; secondly, it reduces the problem of the litter net bag method changing the feeding preference of soil animals, ensuring that the decomposition behavior is consistent with the natural state; at the same time, the PVC ring is not easily affected by the environment because of its material, which is conducive to the implementation of long-term field experiments; thirdly, it clarifies the main contribution sources of litter loss in the process of litter decomposition, and accurately evaluates the contribution of soil animals; finally, because the decomposition process is protected by the miniature environment, it avoids the influence of human factors and large animals.

[0044] 1. When the field miniature PVC litter decomposition experimental ring is subsequently used, it will be affected by external wind force, and the thin sheet structure will use the wind force to drive the disassembly ring and the cover net structure to rotate. When the cover net structure rotates, it will cause friction with the top of the horizontal bar structure, and then some blockages can be scraped off or scraped into a loose state, thereby effectively solving the problem that the top cover net structure 4 is prone to blockage during the test phase, which is not conducive to the entry of air and rainwater, thereby affecting the miniature environmental test. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified view of the structure at center A;

[0048] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of the structure at point B in the middle.

[0049] In the figure: 1. Miniature ring structure; 2. Nylon mesh structure; 3. Disassembly ring; 4. Cover mesh structure; 5. Horizontal bar structure; 6. Limiting ring; 7. Positioning rod; 8. Limiting pressure piece; 9. Hollow tube structure; 10. Thin sheet structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] The present invention provides a technical solution for a field miniature PVC litter decomposition experimental ring:

[0052] Example:

[0053] The field miniature PVC litter decomposition experimental ring mainly includes a miniature ring structure 1, on the outer surface of the miniature ring structure 1, observation port structures are opened opposite each other, and a nylon mesh structure 2 with a pore size of 5mm is glued in the inner cavity of one of the observation port structures, and a nylon mesh structure 2 with a pore size of 50μm is glued in the other observation port. A disassembly ring 3 is mounted on the top of the outer ring of the miniature ring structure 1, and a cover mesh structure 4 with a pore size of 50μm is glued on the top of the disassembly ring 3.

[0054] In this embodiment, each miniature ring structure 1 needs to be equipped with a mesh structure with a pore size of 50 μm when in use. When arranging the field miniature experimental decomposition ring, the litter layer in the sample site is first removed. In order to avoid the litter from directly contacting the soil, which may cause errors in the loss of litter mass during the decomposition process, the soil surface is covered with a mesh structure with a pore size of 50 μm. The weighed litter is placed on a nylon mesh, and then the PVC decomposition ring is completely covered on top of the litter with a pore size of 50 μm on the ground.

[0055] At the same time, soil animals are controlled to participate in the decomposition of the micro-environment from the underground part. For all the field environments simulated by the PVC rings, the disassembly ring 3 with the cover net structure 4 is assembled onto the micro-ring structure 1.

[0056] This technical solution is mainly to address the shortcomings of the litter bag method in the litter decomposition process, and proposes a research plan to accurately evaluate the contribution of soil animals in the decomposition process. Its main advantages are as follows:

[0057] First, the effects of microenvironmental disturbances and physical limitations on litter decomposition were addressed to prevent the decomposition rate from deviating from its true value due to litter compaction and precipitation erosion in the environment.

[0058] Secondly, the problem of the litter bag method changing the feeding preferences of soil animals is reduced, ensuring that the decomposition behavior is consistent with the natural state.

[0059] At the same time, the PVC ring is not easily affected by the environment, which is conducive to the implementation of long-term field experiments.

[0060] Secondly, the main contribution sources of litter loss during litter decomposition were clarified, and the contribution of soil animals was accurately assessed.

[0061] Finally, because the decomposition process is protected by a miniature environment, it avoids the influence of human factors and large animals.

[0062] A horizontal bar structure 5 with an inclined chamfer is glued to the top of the inner wall of the miniature ring structure 1 .

[0063] In this embodiment, the number of horizontal bar structures 5 is at least one, which can be increased according to actual needs. The design is cross-shaped or snowflake-shaped. The horizontal bar structure 5 can provide a certain shaping ability when the miniature ring structure 1 is used, that is, it can maintain the shape of the miniature ring structure 1 during later use.

[0064] The top of the horizontal strip structure 5 is in contact with the bottom of the cover net structure 4 .

[0065] Among them, limit rings 6 are fixedly installed at the upper and lower ends of both sides of the outer wall of the miniature ring structure 1.

[0066] Among them, a positioning rod 7 is inserted into the inner ring of the limiting ring 6, a limiting pressure piece 8 is fixedly installed at the bottom position of the outer ring of the positioning rod 7, and a hollow cylinder structure 9 is installed at the top position of the outer ring of the positioning rod 7.

[0067] The inner diameter of the disassembly ring 3 is larger than the outer diameter of the miniature ring structure 1 , and the difference between the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the hollow cylinder structure 9 is the same.

[0068] Wherein, thin sheet structures 10 are arranged at equal distances on the outer side wall of the disassembly ring 3 .

[0069] In this embodiment, when installing the miniature ring structure 1, first place the bottom of the entire miniature ring structure 1 against the ground, then press down the positioning rod 7 at the side, and insert the positioning rod 7 into the soil. At this time, the limiting pressure piece 8 is squeezing the bottom limiting ring 6. In this state, the firmness between the miniature ring structure 1 and the interface can be guaranteed, and there is no need to bury the soil around it, which can easily affect the internal miniature environment.

[0070] Finally, the disassembly ring 3 and its upper cover net structure 4 are installed. At this time, the outer wall of the hollow tube structure 9 is just in contact with the inner wall of the disassembly ring 3, and the bottom of the cover net structure 4 is in contact with the top of the horizontal bar structure 5. During subsequent use, under the influence of external wind force, the thin film structure 10 will use the wind force to drive the disassembly ring 3 and the cover net structure 4 to rotate. When the cover net structure 4 rotates, it will cause friction with the top of the horizontal bar structure 5, and then some of the blockages can be scraped off or scraped into a loose state, thereby effectively solving the problem that the top cover net structure 4 is prone to blockage during the test phase, which is not conducive to the entry of air and rainwater, thereby affecting the miniature environment test.

[0071] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A field miniature PVC litter decomposition experimental ring, comprising a miniature ring structure (1), characterized in that: Observation port structures are provided on the outer surface of the miniature ring structure (1), and a nylon mesh structure (2) with a pore size of 5 mm is glued into the inner cavity of one of the observation port structures, and a nylon mesh structure (2) with a pore size of 50 μm is glued into the inner cavity of the other observation port structure. A disassembly ring (3) is provided on the top of the outer ring of the miniature ring structure (1), and a cover mesh structure (4) with a pore size of 50 μm is glued to the top of the disassembly ring (3).

2. The field miniature PVC litter decomposition experimental ring according to claim 1, characterized in that: A horizontal bar structure (5) with an inclined chamfer is glued to the top of the inner wall of the miniature ring structure (1).

3. A field miniature PVC litter decomposition experimental ring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the horizontal strip structure (5) contacts the bottom of the cover net structure (4).

4. The field miniature PVC litter decomposition experimental ring according to claim 1, characterized in that: Limiting rings (6) are fixedly mounted at the upper and lower ends of both sides of the outer wall of the miniature ring structure (1).

5. The field miniature PVC litter decomposition experimental ring according to claim 4, characterized in that: A positioning rod (7) is inserted into the inner ring of the limiting ring (6), a limiting pressing plate (8) is fixedly installed at the bottom position of the outer ring of the positioning rod (7), and a hollow cylinder structure (9) is sleeved at the top position of the outer ring of the positioning rod (7).

6. The field miniature PVC litter decomposition experimental ring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the disassembly ring (3) is larger than the outer diameter of the miniature ring structure (1), and the difference between the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the hollow cylinder structure (9) is the same.

7. The field miniature PVC litter decomposition experimental ring according to claim 1, characterized in that: Thin sheet structures (10) are arranged at equal distances on the outer side wall of the disassembly and assembly ring 3.

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