High-resistance plant cultivation method suitable for acidic potassium feldspar mine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a high-resistance plant cultivation method suitable for an acidic potassium feldspar mine. Comprising the following steps: screening a symbiotic synergistic plant group: selecting a potassium-enriched plant, an aluminum toxicity-resistant plant and a growth-promoting rhizobacteria carrier plant; constructing a layered matrix: sequentially laying an isolating layer, an improved layer and a growth layer on the mine surface; inoculating acid-resistant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: inoculating the acid-resistant strain to the root system of the carrier plant; planting by division of labor according to functions: arranging potassium-enriched plants and aluminum toxicity-resistant plants at intervals, and planting carrier plants at the periphery; through cooperative planting of symbiotic cooperative plant groups, in cooperation with three-dimensional resistance control and acid-base regulation and control of layered substrates and targeted inoculation of acid-resistant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria to carrier plant root systems, biological adsorption passivation of aluminum ions, biological activation of mineral potassium and cooperative optimization of rhizosphere microdomain pH are achieved, and the yield of the plant growth-promoting agent is increased. Therefore, the problems of aluminum toxicity stress and low potassium bioavailability of the acidic potassium feldspar mine are systematically solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to a high-resistance plant cultivation method suitable for acid potassium feldspar mines. BACKGROUND

[0002] Potassium feldspar, also known as orthoclase, is a monoclinic rock mineral, and its common colors include flesh red, white and gray. The potassium feldspar series mainly includes orthoclase, microcline and striped feldspar, etc. This mineral is a framework crystal structure composed of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, and belongs to potassium aluminosilicate minerals. It has low melting point, long melting interval and high melting viscosity, etc. These characteristics make potassium feldspar have a wide range of applications in many fields.

[0003] In the prior art of planting plants on potassium feldspar mines, the soil of the mine wasteland is usually improved first, and the soil structure and fertility are improved by adding organic fertilizers, improvers, etc. to reduce the influence of harmful substances such as heavy metals that may exist in the soil, and at the same time, the terrain is arranged, such as flattening the slope and building terraces, to create stable site conditions for plant growth; then select pioneer plants suitable for the mine environment, these plants have the characteristics of drought tolerance, poor tolerance, strong stress resistance, such as alfalfa, rye grass in herbaceous plants, sea buckthorn, shrubs, etc. Planting by sowing or transplanting, appropriate irrigation measures are needed to ensure the survival rate of plants in the early stage, and after the pioneer plants form a certain vegetation cover, native tree species are gradually introduced, and a more stable plant community is constructed. The soil physical and chemical properties and plant growth conditions are monitored throughout the process to adjust the management measures in time.

[0004] Although the prior art tries to reconstruct the vegetation in the mining area through soil improvement, terrain arrangement and stress-resistant plant selection, etc., it cannot overcome the dual stress of aluminum ion toxicity triggered by the strong acidic environment of potassium feldspar and the low bioavailability of mineral potassium, which leads to the difficulty of pioneer plants to survive in the vicious cycle of aluminum toxicity inhibiting root development and potassium nutrition starvation, and ultimately causes vegetation degradation. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a high-resistance plant cultivation method suitable for acid potassium feldspar mines, which realizes the biological adsorption and passivation of aluminum ions, the biological activation of mineral potassium and the synergistic optimization of rhizosphere micro-domain pH through the synergistic planting of symbiotic plant groups, the three-dimensional control and acid-base regulation of layered substrates, and the targeted inoculation of acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria on carrier plant roots, thereby systematically solving the problems of aluminum toxicity stress and low bioavailability of potassium in acid potassium feldspar mines, thereby solving the problems raised in the background art, that is: In the prior art, the double stresses of the root system development and the low mineral potassium bioavailability in the strong acidic environment cannot be broken down simultaneously, which leads to the vicious cycle of plant survival under the inhibition of aluminum toxicity and the lack of potassium nutrition, and causes the problem of continuous degradation of vegetation.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the high-resistance plant cultivation method suitable for acidic potassium feldspar mines comprises the following steps: S1, screening a symbiotic and synergistic plant group: selecting a group of potassium-enriching plants, aluminum toxicity-tolerant plants and rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria carrier plants to successfully complement the functional plant community; S2, constructing a layered substrate: sequentially laying an isolation layer, an improvement layer and a growth layer on the surface of the mine; S3, inoculating acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria: inoculating acid-tolerant strains into the root system of the carrier plant, and the inoculation concentration is 10 7 -10 8 CFU / g of soil; S4, planting according to the functional division: arranging the potassium-enriching plants and the aluminum toxicity-tolerant plants at intervals, and planting the carrier plants at the periphery.

[0007] In the above technical solution, the potassium-enriching plant in S1 is alfalfa, the aluminum toxicity-tolerant plant is Pteris spp., and the carrier plant is ryegrass. The alfalfa activates mineral potassium through its special organic acid secretion mechanism, directly improving the biological availability of soil potassium. The Pteris spp. uses its root membrane transport protein to specifically chelate free aluminum ions, blocking the physiological inhibition of aluminum toxicity on plant roots. The ryegrass provides a colonization space for rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria with its developed fibrous root system, and activates microbial activity through root exudates. The Pteris spp. improves the survival environment of the ryegrass after removing aluminum toxicity, and the expanded rhizosphere microdomain of the ryegrass creates nutrient absorption conditions for the alfalfa. The activated potassium elements of the alfalfa are shared among plants through mycelium, and finally an aluminum isolation, potassium activation and microecological stability synergy is formed in the acidic adversity of aluminum and potassium coexistence, which fundamentally breaks through the technical bottleneck that a single plant cannot simultaneously solve aluminum toxicity and potassium extraction efficiency. In S2, the isolation layer is a polyethylene geotextile with a thickness of 5-10 cm; the improvement layer is mixed from the following components in a mass ratio: humic acid particles with a humic acid content of ≥60%, 70-80 parts; zeolite powder with a particle size of 2-4 mm, 20-30 parts; the thickness of the mixed layer is 15-20 cm; the growth layer is mixed from the following components in a mass ratio: guest soil with a pH of 6.0-7.0, 70-80 parts; biochar with a particle size of ≤5 mm, 20-30 parts; the thickness of the growth layer is ≥30 cm. The polyethylene geotextile isolation layer blocks the upward infiltration of deep acidic mine slag through physical blocking, thereby isolating the migration of aluminum ions from the source. In the improvement layer, the humic acid particles form stable chelates with free aluminum ions by virtue of their high-density carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups, and simultaneously release calcium and magnesium humic acid buffer components. The zeolite powder adsorbs residual aluminum ions through cation exchange of the silicon-aluminum framework and releases potassium and calcium nutrients. The humic acid particles and zeolite powder cooperate to raise the rhizosphere microdomain pH to the plant tolerance threshold of 5.5-6.0. The humic acid particles are lignite extracts, which are soaked in a 0.3-0.7 mol / L sulfuric acid solution for 1.5-2.5 hours before mixing, washed with water until neutral, and then dried. The growth layer uses biochar combined with guest soil. The microporous structure of the biochar adsorbs organic acids secreted by the roots to form a pH buffer pool, and the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the biochar further fix aluminum ions, creating a growth platform for plant roots that has both chemical safety and physical suitability. In S3, the acid-resistant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria are Bacillus mucilaginosus, and the concentration of the bacterial suspension is 1×10 8 CFU / mL. The specific inoculation steps are as follows: the ryegrass roots are soaked in the bacterial suspension for 30-40 minutes, then dried in the shade, and then transplanted. Bacillus mucilaginosus continuously secretes extracellular polysaccharides to form a physical barrier under a pH of 4.0-5.5, secretes oxalic acid and citric acid to efficiently chelate aluminum ions, and activates silicate and aluminate enzymes to activate mineral potassium. In the inoculation step, the carboxymethylcellulose sodium carrier in the bacterial suspension penetrates into the root surface microfolds under the action of vibration for the first 20 minutes, and then the Bacillus mucilaginosus bacteria migrate to the root tip meristem area through the malic acid signal secreted by the roots for the next 10-20 minutes. After soaking, the bacterial suspension is evaporated to a moisture content of 35%±5% through shade drying, at which point the carboxymethylcellulose sodium carrier forms a viscoelastic gel film that prevents the bacteria from falling off due to mechanical friction during transplantation and maintains a micro-aerobic environment to ensure bacterial activity; In S4, the planting layout of the plant group is specifically that the row spacing of the potassium-enriched plants and the aluminum toxicity tolerant plants is 30-40 cm; the spacing between adjacent potassium-enriched plants and aluminum toxicity tolerant plants is 20-25 cm; the distance between the carrier plant planting area and the boundary of the core planting area is 50-60 cm; in the planting layout, the potassium-enriched plants and the aluminum toxicity tolerant plants are kept close to each other, so that the root systems of the two types of plants can slightly interlace in the soil, and thus the acidic substances, such as citric acid, released by the root system of the aluminum toxicity tolerant plants can directly neutralize the aluminum toxicity in the soil around the root system of the potassium-enriched plants, and the activated enzymes secreted by the root system of the potassium-enriched plants can improve the availability of potassium elements in the surrounding soil; and the slightly wide row spacing of the potassium-enriched plants and the aluminum toxicity tolerant plants ensures that the root systems of the two types of plants have sufficient contact space and do not compete for nutrients due to overcrowding; and the 50-60 cm isolation belt between the carrier plant planting area and the boundary of the core planting area is planted with special grasses, the dense root systems of which block the invasion of external weeds and harmful microorganisms into the core area, and the special substances secreted by the root systems of the special grasses can continuously activate the beneficial bacterial groups in the soil.

[0008] On this basis, before laying the layered substrate in S2, the surface of the potassium feldspar mine needs to be pretreated by spraying 5% citric acid solution at a dosage of 2-3 L / m 2 After standing for 24 hours, the surface is leveled, and after the citric acid penetrates into the slag layer of the surface to a depth of 20-30 cm, the three carboxyl groups thereof will strongly chelate and wrap the iron and aluminum oxides on the surface of the potassium feldspar, converting these insoluble minerals into soluble citric acid iron and aluminum complexes, which on one hand removes the passivation layer on the surface of the minerals to improve the release rate of potassium elements, and on the other hand fixes the free aluminum ions into nontoxic chelates to reduce the active aluminum concentration in the surface soil; at the same time, the micropores generated by the dissolution of the acid solution significantly increase the contact area between the substrate layer and the slag, and the citrate gel film formed during the standing period can bond the slag particles to improve the shear strength of the subsequently laid layered substrate.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are: Through the symbiotic and synergistic planting of the plant group, combined with the three-dimensional control and acid-base regulation of the layered substrate, and the targeted inoculation of the acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria on the root system of the carrier plants, the biological adsorption and passivation of aluminum ions, the biological activation of mineral potassium, and the synergistic optimization of the rhizosphere microdomain pH are realized, thereby systematically solving the problems of aluminum toxicity stress and low biological availability of potassium in the acid potassium feldspar mine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cultivation method steps of Example 1 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0012] At present, in the prior art, because the dual stresses of the root system development and the low mineral potassium bioavailability in the strong acidic environment cannot be broken down cooperatively, plants are difficult to survive in the vicious cycle of aluminum toxicity inhibition and potassium nutrient deficiency, and the problem of continuous degradation of vegetation is caused. The present application provides a high-resistance plant cultivation method suitable for acidic potassium feldspar mines, such as Figure 1 .

[0013] Embodiment 1 comprises the following steps: S1, screening a symbiotic and cooperative plant group: selecting a potassium-enriching plant, an aluminum toxicity-tolerant plant, and a rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria carrier plant group to successfully complement the plant community; In S1, the symbiotic and cooperative plant group is specifically selected as follows in the embodiment: the potassium-enriching plant is alfalfa, the aluminum toxicity-tolerant plant is Pteridium aquilinum, and the carrier plant is ryegrass; S2, constructing a layered substrate: sequentially laying an isolation layer, a modified layer, and a growth layer on the surface of the mine; The isolation layer in S2 is polyethylene geotextile with a thickness of 8 cm in the embodiment; the modified layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: 75 parts of humic acid particles with a humic acid content of 70%, wherein the humic acid particles are brown coal extracts, soaked in a 0.5 mol / L sulfuric acid solution for 2 hours before mixing, washed with water to neutralize, and then dried; 25 parts of zeolite powder with a particle size of 3 mm; the thickness of the mixed layer is 18 cm; the growth layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: 75 parts of guest soil with a pH of 6.5; 25 parts of biochar with a particle size of 3 mm; the thickness of the growth layer is 35 cm; at the same time, before laying the layered substrate, the surface of the potassium feldspar mine is pretreated, and the specific pretreatment method is to spray a 5% citric acid solution at a dosage of 2.5 L / m 2 , and then level the surface after standing for 24 hours.

[0014] S3, inoculating acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria: inoculating acid-tolerant bacteria into the root system of ryegrass at a concentration of 10 8 CFU / g of soil; In S3, the acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria are Bacillus mucilaginosus, and the specific inoculation method is to soak the root system of ryegrass in the bacterial suspension for 35 minutes, and then transplant after air drying; S4, planting according to the functional division: arranging the alfalfa and Pteridium aquilinum at intervals, and planting the ryegrass on the periphery. In the S4 division planting in the embodiment, specifically, the row distance of the potassium-enriching plant and the aluminum toxicity tolerant plant is 35 cm; the distance between the adjacent potassium-enriching plants and aluminum toxicity tolerant plants is 23 cm; and the distance between the carrier plant planting area and the boundary of the core planting area is 55 cm.

[0015] In addition, it needs to be further supplemented that in S1, the alfalfa can be purchased from Beijing Damobeinong Technology Group Co., Ltd., the Pteridium aquilinum can be purchased from Zhongdikecosystem Technology Co., Ltd., and the ryegrass can be purchased from Bailv International Grass Industry (Beijing) Co., Ltd.; in S2, the humic acid particles can be purchased from Shanxi Meibangdafunong Technology Co., Ltd., the zeolite powder can be purchased from Weichang Guangyuan Zeolite Development Co., Ltd., the guest soil in the embodiment can be purchased from Shanshui Environment Technology Co., Ltd., and the biochar can be purchased from Nanjing Baiyangken Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; in S3, the bacillus mucilaginosus can be purchased from Zhongnonglvkang (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd. In addition, in S2, when the surface of the potassium feldspar mine is pretreated, a high-pressure spraying vehicle needs to be used, which is purchased from Hadi (Shanghai) Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd., and the equipment model is Commander 3200; when the polyethylene geotextile needed for laying the isolation layer is laid, a geotextile laying machine needs to be used, which is purchased from Mashi Construction Machinery (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., and the equipment model is MTS-801; in S3, a constant-temperature shaking incubator needs to be used for inoculation, which is purchased from Shanghai Yiheng Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., and the equipment model is HWS-250; in S4, when the plant group planting layout is performed, a laser ranging transplanting machine needs to be used, which is purchased from Beijing Fengjingda Intelligent Equipment Technology Co., Ltd., and the equipment model is FJD-35.

[0016] Embodiment 2 comprises the following steps: S1, screening a symbiotic plant group: selecting a potassium-enriching plant, an aluminum toxicity tolerant plant and a rhizosphere growth promoting bacteria carrier plant group to form a functional complementary plant community; In S1, the symbiotic plant group is specifically selected as follows in the embodiment: the potassium-enriching plant is alfalfa, the aluminum toxicity tolerant plant is Pteridium aquilinum, and the carrier plant is ryegrass. S2, constructing a layered substrate: sequentially laying an isolation layer, a modified layer and a growth layer on the surface of the mine; The isolation layer of S2 is a polyethylene geotextile with a thickness of 10 cm in this embodiment; the improvement layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: humic acid particles with a humic acid content of 70%, 80 parts, wherein the humic acid particles are lignite extracts, soaked in a 0.7 mol / L sulfuric acid solution for 2.5 hours before mixing, washed with water to neutral and then dried, zeolite powder with a particle size of 4 mm, 30 parts, and the mixed layer has a thickness of 20 cm; the growth layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: guest soil with a pH of 7.0, 80 parts; and biochar with a particle size of 5 mm, 30 parts; the growth layer has a thickness of 35 cm; at the same time, before laying the layered substrate, the surface of the potash feldspar mine is pretreated, and the specific pretreatment method is to spray a 5% citric acid solution at a dosage of 3 L / m 2 , and level the surface after standing for 24 hours.

[0017] S3, inoculating acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria: inoculating acid-tolerant strains into the root system of ryegrass, with an inoculation concentration of 10 8 CFU / g of soil; In S3, the acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria are Bacillus mucilaginosus, and the specific inoculation method is to soak the root system of ryegrass in the bacterial suspension for 40 minutes, and then transplant after drying in the shade; S4, planting according to functional division: arranging alfalfa and bug grass at intervals, and planting ryegrass on the periphery; In S4, the functional division is specifically that the row spacing of potassium-enriching plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 40 cm, the spacing between adjacent potassium-enriching plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 25 cm, and the distance between the carrier plant planting area and the boundary of the core planting area is 60 cm; in this embodiment, the remaining plant species and equipment parameters used are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0018] Embodiment 3: S1, screening of symbiotic and synergistic plant group: selecting a functional complementary plant community of potassium-enriching plants, aluminum-tolerant plants, and rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria carrier plants; In S1, the symbiotic and synergistic plant group is specifically selected as follows in this embodiment: the potassium-enriching plant is alfalfa, the aluminum-tolerant plant is bug grass, and the carrier plant is ryegrass; S2, constructing a layered substrate: sequentially laying an isolation layer, an improvement layer, and a growth layer on the surface of the mine; The isolation layer of S2 is a polyethylene geotextile with a thickness of 5 cm in the embodiment; the improvement layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: 70 parts of humic acid particles with a humic acid content of 70%, wherein the humic acid particles are lignite extracts, soaked in a 0.3 mol / L sulfuric acid solution for 1.5 hours before mixing, washed with water to neutral and then dried, and 20 parts of zeolite powder with a particle size of 2 mm, and the thickness of the mixed layer is 15 cm; the growth layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: 70 parts of guest soil with a pH of 6.0; and 20 parts of biochar with a particle size of 3 mm, and the thickness of the growth layer is 35 cm; at the same time, before laying the layered substrate, the surface of the potash feldspar mine is pretreated, and the specific pretreatment method is to spray a 5% citric acid solution at a dosage of 2 L / m 2 , and level the surface after standing for 24 hours.

[0019] S3, inoculating acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria: inoculating acid-tolerant strains into the root system of ryegrass, and the inoculation concentration is 10 8 CFU / g of soil; In S3, the acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria are Bacillus mucilaginosus, and the specific inoculation method is to soak the root system of ryegrass in the bacterial suspension for 30 minutes, and then transplant after drying in the shade; S4, planting according to the function: arranging Medicago sativa and Pteridium aquilinum at intervals, and planting ryegrass on the periphery; In S4, the planting according to the function in the embodiment is specifically that the row spacing of potassium-enriching plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 30 cm, the distance between adjacent potassium-enriching plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 20 cm, and the distance between the carrier plant planting area and the boundary of the core planting area is 50 cm; in the embodiment, the remaining plant species and device parameters used are the same as in Example 1.

[0020] Comparative Example 1 S1, screening of symbiotic and synergistic plant groups: selecting a functional complementary plant community of potassium-enriching plants, aluminum-tolerant plants and rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria carrier plants; In S1, the symbiotic and synergistic plant groups are specifically selected as follows in the embodiment: Medicago sativa is used as the potassium-enriching plant, Pteridium aquilinum is used as the aluminum-tolerant plant, and ryegrass is used as the carrier plant; S2, constructing a layered substrate: sequentially laying an isolation layer, an improvement layer and a growth layer on the surface of the mine; The isolation layer of S2 is a polyethylene geotextile with a thickness of 3 cm in the embodiment; the improvement layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: 60 parts of humic acid particles with a humic acid content of 50%, wherein the humic acid particles are lignite extracts, soaked in a 0.1 mol / L sulfuric acid solution for 1 hour before mixing, washed with water to neutral and then dried, and 15 parts of zeolite powder with a particle size of 1 mm; the growth layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: 60 parts of guest soil with a pH of 5.0; and 15 parts of biochar with a particle size of 7 mm; the growth layer has a thickness of 25 cm; and the potassium feldspar mine surface is pretreated before the layered substrate is laid, and the specific pretreatment method is to spray 1L / m 2 of 5% citric acid solution, and the surface is leveled after standing for 24 hours.

[0021] S3, inoculating acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria: inoculating acid-tolerant strains into ryegrass root systems at a concentration of 10 8 CFU / g of soil; In S3, the acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria are Bacillus mucilaginosus, and the specific inoculation method is to soak the ryegrass root system in the bacterial suspension for 20 minutes, and then transplant after air drying; S4, planting according to functions: planting alfalfa and gooseneck loosestrife in an interval, and planting ryegrass on the periphery; In S4, the interval between the potassium-enriching plants and the aluminum-tolerant plants is 25 cm, the distance between adjacent potassium-enriching plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 15 cm, and the distance between the carrier plant planting area and the core planting area boundary is 45 cm; in the embodiment, the remaining plant species and equipment parameters used are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0022] Comparative Example 2: S1, screening of symbiotic and synergistic plant groups: selecting a functional complementary plant community of potassium-enriching plants, aluminum-tolerant plants, and rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria carrier plants; In S1, the symbiotic and synergistic plant groups are specifically selected as follows in the embodiment: the potassium-enriching plant is alfalfa, the aluminum-tolerant plant is gooseneck loosestrife, and the carrier plant is ryegrass; S2, constructing a layered substrate: sequentially laying an isolation layer, an improvement layer, and a growth layer on the mine surface; The isolation layer S2 is a polyethylene geotextile with a thickness of 12 cm in this embodiment; the improvement layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: humic acid particles with a humic acid content of 50%, 90 parts, wherein the humic acid particles are lignite extracts, soaked in a 0.9 mol / L sulfuric acid solution for 3.5 hours before mixing, washed with water to neutral, and then dried; zeolite powder with a particle size of 5 mm, 35 parts; the thickness of the mixed layer is 25 cm; the growth layer is mixed according to the following mass ratio: guest soil with a pH of 8.0, 90 parts; biochar with a particle size of 7 mm, 35 parts; the thickness of the growth layer is 20 cm; at the same time, before laying the layered substrate, the surface of the potash feldspar mine is pretreated, and the specific pretreatment method is to spray a 5% citric acid solution at a dosage of 4 L / m 2 , and the surface is leveled after standing for 24 hours.

[0023] S3, inoculating acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria: inoculating acid-tolerant strains into the root system of ryegrass, with an inoculation concentration of 10 8 CFU / g soil; In S3, the acid-tolerant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria are Bacillus mucilaginosus, and the specific inoculation method is to soak the root system of ryegrass in the bacterial suspension for 50 minutes, and then transplant after air drying; S4, planting according to the function: arranging alfalfa and pteris multifida alternately, and planting ryegrass on the periphery; In S4, the row spacing of potassium-enriching plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 45 cm; the distance between adjacent potassium-enriching plants and aluminum-tolerant plants is 30 cm; the distance between the carrier plant planting area and the boundary of the core planting area is 65 cm; in this embodiment, the remaining plant species and equipment parameters used are the same as in Example 1.

[0024] Comparative Example 3: In this comparative example, the parameters used in steps S1, S3 and S4 are the same as in Example 1, and the difference from Example 1 is that in S2, the pretreatment of spraying a citric acid solution on the potash feldspar mine is cancelled.

[0025] Comparative Example 4: In this comparative example, the parameters used in steps S2, S3 and S4 are the same as in Example 1, and the difference from Example 1 is that in S1, only alfalfa is used as the plant for planting in the potash feldspar mine.

[0026] Comparative Example 5: In this comparative example, the parameters used in steps S2, S3 and S4 are the same as in Example 1, and the difference from Example 1 is that in S1, only pteris multifida is used as the plant for planting in the potash feldspar mine.

[0027] Comparative Example 6: In this comparative example, the parameters used in steps S2, S3 and S4 are the same as in Example 1, except that in S1, only ryegrass is used as the potassium feldspar mine planting plant.

[0028] Experimental Example 1: Experimental objects: Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3.

[0029] Experimental purpose: To verify the optimal application range of the layered substrate parameters and planting layout.

[0030] Table 1: Comparison of core performance

[0031] Conclusion: According to the experimental data shown in Table 1, Example 1 reduces toxicity by chelating free aluminum with humic acid, while activating potassium feldspar to release 285 mg / kg of available potassium to support the continuous potassium supply of alfalfa, making the pteris ensiformis efficiently enrich aluminum 1820 mg / kg, which is the most optimal parameter in this scheme; Example 2 reduces aluminum enrichment to 1650 mg / kg due to soil salt stress caused by over-activation of humic acid, but its thickened isolation layer and strengthened zeolite can be applied to high osmotic pressure scenes; Example 3 is limited by weak activation and thin isolation layer, resulting in only 220 mg / kg of available potassium, but it is suitable for low-aluminum pollution light repair engineering due to reduced material cost.

[0032] Experimental Example 2: Experimental objects: Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.

[0033] Experimental purpose: To verify the optimal application range of the layered substrate parameters and planting layout.

[0034] Table 2: Comparison of core performance

[0035] Conclusion: According to the experimental data shown in Table 2, Example 1 achieves a balance of 98% survival rate, 285 mg / kg of available potassium and 1820 mg / kg of aluminum enrichment by using isolation layer and improved layer for collaborative protection and precise planting layout; Comparative Example 1 causes salt stress due to groundwater backflow caused by the removal of the isolation layer, resulting in potassium deficiency and wilting of alfalfa and sharp reduction of aluminum enrichment of pteris ensiformis, proving that the physical isolation scheme causes a sharp decline in plant survival rate; Comparative Example 2 temporarily increases aluminum enrichment to 2050 mg / kg by moving ryegrass inside, but the nutrient space collapses due to root competition, resulting in a 60-day survival rate of 73%, confirming that Example 1 is the most optimal scheme in this experimental example.

[0036] Experimental Example 3: Experimental objects: Example 1, Comparative Example 4, Comparative Example 5 and Comparative Example 6.

[0037] Objective: To verify the synergistic effect of the symbiotic plant group.

[0038] Table 3: Verification of the synergistic effect of the symbiotic plant group

[0039] Conclusion: According to the experimental data shown in Table 3, in Example 1, Pteridium aquilinum efficiently enriched aluminum while Medicago sativa fixed nitrogen and released potassium to maintain soil available potassium at 285 mg / kg, and Lolium multiflorum inhibited soil and water loss, with a survival rate of ≥98% throughout the process. In Comparative Example 4, the removal of Medicago sativa caused a disruption in potassium circulation, with available potassium of only 195 mg / kg, and a sudden decrease in survival rate to 90% after 60 days, proving that the absence of nitrogen and potassium synergy is not feasible. In Comparative Example 5, the removal of Lolium multiflorum caused soil and water loss, resulting in a decrease in available potassium to 105 mg / kg and a 90-day survival rate of only 78%, demonstrating that the protective function of carrier plants cannot be replaced. In Comparative Example 6, although Lolium multiflorum was retained, the absence of Pteridium aquilinum resulted in a complete loss of aluminum enrichment function, with soil available potassium of only 75 mg / kg, which could only maintain the basic metabolism of plants.

[0040] Experimental Example 4: Experimental subjects: Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 3.

[0041] Objective: To verify the necessity of pretreatment of the surface of potassium feldspar mines.

[0042] Table 4:

[0043] Conclusion: According to the experimental data shown in Table 4, in Example 1, acid activation released the closed-state potassium to form an available potassium reservoir, resulting in soil available potassium of 285 mg / kg, and simultaneously neutralizing the alkaline substrate, supporting Pteridium aquilinum in stable aluminum enrichment of 1820 mg / kg at a high survival rate of 98%. In Example 2, although pretreatment was performed, the insufficient acid concentration resulted in soil available potassium of only 250 mg / kg, causing a slight decrease in survival rate to 94% after 60 days, but it can still be applied to medium and low aluminum pollution mines. In Comparative Example 3, without pretreatment, the potassium feldspar was not activated, resulting in soil available potassium of 95 mg / kg, and the alkaline toxicity caused the roots of Pteridium aquilinum to dissolve, with aluminum enrichment of only 680 mg / kg and a 90-day survival rate of only 61%, completely unable to support the operation of the repair system, proving that pretreatment is an absolute prerequisite for the implementation of mine surfaces.

[0044] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and the above-mentioned embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only preferred examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various changes and improvements can be made to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed present application. The scope of protection of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating highly resistant plants suitable for acidic potassium feldspar mines, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Screening of symbiotic synergistic plant groups: Select potassium-enriching plants, aluminum-toxicity-tolerant plants, and rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria carrier plants to form a functionally complementary plant community; S2. Constructing a layered matrix: laying an isolation layer, an improvement layer, and a growth layer on the mine surface in sequence; S3. Inoculation of acid-resistant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria: Inoculate the acid-resistant strain into the root system of the carrier plant at a concentration of 10 7 -10 8 CFU / g soil; S4. Planting by functional division of labor: Arrange potassium-enriched plants and aluminum-toxicity-resistant plants at intervals, and plant carrier plants on the periphery.

2. The method for cultivating highly resistant plants suitable for acidic potassium feldspar mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the potassium-enriched plant is alfalfa, the aluminum-toxicity-resistant plant is centipede grass, and the carrier plant is ryegrass.

3. The method for cultivating highly resistant plants suitable for acidic potassium feldspar mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the isolation layer is a polyethylene geotextile with a thickness of 5-10 cm.

4. The method for cultivating highly resistant plants suitable for acidic potassium feldspar mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the modified layer is mixed by the following components in a mass ratio: Use 70-80 parts of humic acid granules with a humic acid content of ≥60%; Use zeolite powder with a particle size of 2-4 mm, 20-30 parts; The thickness of the mixed layer is 15-20 cm.

5. The method for cultivating highly resistant plants suitable for acidic potassium feldspar mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the growth layer is mixed with the following components in a mass ratio: 70-80 parts of guest soil with pH 6.0-7.0; Biochar with particle size ≤ 5 mm, 20-30 parts; The growth layer thickness is ≥30 cm.

6. The method for cultivating highly resistant plants suitable for acidic potassium feldspar mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the acid-resistant rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria is Bacillus colloidus, and the concentration of the bacterial suspension is 1×10 8 CFU / mL.

7. The method for cultivating highly resistant plants suitable for acidic potassium feldspar mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the inoculation is specifically as follows: soaking the root system of the carrier plant in the bacterial suspension for 30-40 minutes, drying in the shade and then transplanting.

8. The method for cultivating highly resistant plants suitable for acidic potassium feldspar mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the planting layout of the plant group is: The row spacing between potassium-accumulating plants and aluminum-toxicity-tolerant plants is 30-40 cm; The distance between adjacent potassium-enriching plants and aluminum-toxicity-tolerant plants should be 20-25 cm; The carrier plant planting area is 50-60 cm away from the boundary of the core planting area.

9. The method for cultivating highly resistant plants suitable for acidic potassium feldspar mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before laying the layered matrix S2, the surface of the potassium feldspar mine needs to be pretreated: Spray 5% citric acid solution at a dosage of 2-3L / m 2 ; After standing for 24 hours, level the surface.

10. The method for cultivating highly resistant plants suitable for acidic potassium feldspar mines according to claim 4, characterized in that: The humic acid particles are lignite extracts. Before mixing, the humic acid particles are soaked in a 0.3-0.7 mol / L sulfuric acid solution for 1.5-2.5 hours, washed with water until neutral, and then dried.

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