A grinding component and a grinding machine

Abstract

This invention discloses a grinding component and a grinding machine, relating to the field of grinding equipment technology. It includes a conveyor belt mechanism with dust-collecting holes on the surface of the conveyor belt for adsorbing and transporting grinding powder to an external receiving box for collection; and a grinding mechanism installed at the feed end of the conveyor belt mechanism. With the cooperation of the grinding mechanism, firstly, it achieves high precision in differentiated grinding. The multi-segment sanding belt grinding component, through independent drive components and electromagnetic stoppers, dynamically adapts the rotational speed of each sanding belt segment (high speed for deburring in key grinding areas, low speed for polishing in regular areas). Combined with the reciprocating sliding, pitch angle adjustment, and pressure closed-loop control of the abutment grinding component, it precisely matches the needs of different areas of the sheet metal part, avoiding over-grinding or under-grinding, and significantly improving grinding precision. Secondly, it allows the adjusting abutment component to be controlled synchronously or independently, ensuring the sanding belt grinding surface is level and avoiding reduced local wear rates due to uneven contact pressure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grinding equipment technology, specifically to a grinding machine grinding component and a grinding machine. Background Technology

[0002] Grinding, deburring, and polishing the surface of workpieces are crucial processes in machining, effectively improving workpiece quality and lifespan. In small-batch production, manual grinding can be used, but this requires high levels of skill and physical strength from the operator, and the quality of workpieces produced varies significantly between operators, resulting in low production efficiency. Therefore, existing technologies have developed grinding machines equipped with abrasive belts or sandpaper for workpiece grinding.

[0003] Currently, when grinding with sanding belts or sandpaper, existing technologies include automated grinding methods that save manpower. However, because existing sanding belts form an integrated operation, the grinding process is uniform, making it impossible to dynamically adjust the pressure or speed based on the grinding situation, such as focusing on grinding densely burr areas or grinding large areas of flat areas. This results in insufficient grinding of key areas and excessive wear of flat areas, causing uneven contact pressure, increasing the local wear rate, and making non-wear areas unusable, resulting in low overall grinding utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a grinding component and a grinding machine to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, which are that the uniform grinding operation during grinding makes it impossible to dynamically adjust the applied pressure or speed according to the grinding situation of dense burr areas or large-scale grinding of flat areas. This results in insufficient grinding of key areas and excessive wear of flat areas, causing uneven contact pressure, increased local wear rate, and non-wear areas that cannot be effectively utilized, resulting in low overall grinding utilization rate.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a grinding assembly for a grinding machine, comprising:

[0006] The conveyor belt mechanism has dust suction holes on the surface of the conveyor belt for adsorbing and transporting grinding dust to an external receiving box for collection.

[0007] A grinding mechanism is installed at the feed end of the conveyor belt mechanism to make sandpaper roll to grind sheet metal parts. The grinding mechanism includes a multi-segment sanding belt assembly, a sanding belt, an adjusting and leveling assembly, and an abutting grinding assembly.

[0008] The multi-segment sanding assembly includes several sets of driving components. The several sets of driving components are arranged at intervals along a first direction perpendicular to the sanding surface of the sanding belt, and each set of driving components drives an independent sanding belt. Each sanding belt corresponds to a different sanding area of ​​the sheet metal part.

[0009] The adjusting and leveling components are installed inside the slot frame in the grinding mechanism and are distributed equidistantly along the axial direction of the sanding belt. The adjusting and leveling components include a synchronous logic controller and a leveling component. The synchronous logic controller is used to control the driving structure of the leveling component to perform synchronous or single operation. The side end surface of the leveling component is provided with a leveling plate for abutting against the inner wall surface of the sanding belt.

[0010] The abutment grinding assembly is installed at the bottom of the slot frame. It has a reciprocating screw guide rail and an abutment component. The reciprocating screw guide rail can drive the abutment component connected to its end to form a reciprocating sliding adjustment inside the sanding belt.

[0011] Preferably, the abutting and grinding assembly further includes a positioning sliding seat, which reciprocates along the axial direction of the reciprocating lead screw guide. A first driving electric rod and a second driving electric rod are respectively installed at both ends of the surface of the positioning sliding seat. A pivot member is fastened to the center surface of the positioning sliding seat, and the ends of the first driving electric rod and the second driving electric rod are respectively located on both sides of the pivot member and connected to each other.

[0012] Preferably, the front end of the pivot member is rotatably connected to an adjusting arm along a second direction perpendicular to the positioning sliding seat, and the abutment member forms a pitch angle adjustment at the front end of the adjusting arm along the second direction.

[0013] Preferably, a third drive electric rod is installed on the back of the front end of the adjusting arm, and the end of the third drive electric rod is connected to the back of the abutment.

[0014] Preferably, the driving component includes a sheath, a worm gear is installed inside the sheath, a worm is installed inside the bottom end of the sheath, the worm and the worm gear are meshed and connected, a first pulley and a second pulley are respectively sleeved on the outer side of the worm along the axial direction of the worm, and an electromagnetic stopper is installed at the middle end of the first pulley and the second pulley.

[0015] Preferably, a rotating cylinder is installed on the side end of the drive component, and the outside of the rotating cylinder is fitted with the sanding belt.

[0016] Preferably, the grinding mechanism further includes a lifting tension adjustment structure and an adjustment support plate frame. The lifting tension adjustment structure consists of an electric rod and a fixed frame. The fixed frame is installed on the top surface of the slot frame. The top of the electric rod inside the fixed frame is connected to a top plate. The left and right ends of the top plate are connected to lifting columns. The lifting columns are slidably connected along the vertical axis of the adjustment support plate frame. The adjustment support plate frame is arranged opposite to the central axis of the lifting tension adjustment structure and is matched as a grinding support frame.

[0017] Preferably, a bottom synchronous rotating cylinder is sleeved inside the bottom end of the sanding belt. The bottom synchronous rotating cylinder is installed on the inner wall surface of the bottom end of the adjusting support plate frame and rotates synchronously with the rotating cylinder.

[0018] The present invention also provides a grinding machine, including the grinding machine grinding components, wherein the grinding machine includes a first lifting limit structure, a second lifting limit structure and a lifting mechanism, the first lifting limit structure and the second lifting limit structure are respectively installed at the inlet end and the outlet end of the conveyor belt mechanism, and the first lifting limit structure is configured as two sets, which are arranged opposite to each other along the central axis of the sanding belt.

[0019] Preferably, the lifting mechanism is installed at the bottom of the conveyor belt mechanism, so that when the sheet metal part enters the conveyor belt mechanism, the lifting mechanism can be adjusted to a height suitable for the thickness of the sheet metal part. On the surface of the conveyor belt mechanism and away from the grinding mechanism, there is a staggered sandpaper wheel grinding mechanism, which is used to perform grinding operations on the edges and irregular parts of the sheet metal part.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] In this invention, a multi-faceted collaborative operation is achieved through the cooperation of the grinding mechanism. Firstly, the differentiated grinding precision is high. The multi-segment sanding belt grinding components, through independent drive components and electromagnetic stoppers, achieve dynamic speed adaptation of each sanding belt segment (high speed for deburring in key grinding areas and low speed for polishing in regular areas). Combined with the reciprocating sliding, pitch angle adjustment, and pressure closed-loop control of the abutment grinding components, it accurately matches the needs of different areas of the sheet metal parts, avoiding over-grinding or under-grinding, and significantly improving grinding precision. Secondly, the adjustable leveling components can be controlled synchronously or independently to ensure that the sanding belt grinding surface is level. The lifting tension adjustment structure compensates for the wear tension of the sanding belt in real time. Combined with the synchronous transmission of the bottom synchronous drum, it avoids sanding belt slippage and deviation, resulting in strong grinding consistency. Thirdly, the 3D structured light camera automatically identifies the grinding area, and the external PLC controller coordinates the control of each component, enabling the lifting mechanism to adapt to sheet metal parts of various thicknesses. The limit structure ensures accurate positioning, and the sandpaper wheel mechanism fills in the dead corners of the edges, achieving full-process automation with minimal manual intervention. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the front view of a grinding machine according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding mechanism in a grinding assembly of a grinding machine according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the grinding mechanism in a grinding assembly of a grinding machine according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the separation structure of the grinding mechanism in the grinding assembly of a grinding machine according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 In a grinding assembly of a grinding machine according to the present invention Figure 4 A magnified structural diagram at point A;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjusting and leveling component in the grinding assembly of a grinding machine according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the abutting grinding component in the grinding assembly of a grinding machine according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the abutting grinding component in the grinding assembly of a grinding machine according to the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 100, Lifting mechanism; 200, Conveyor belt mechanism; 300, First lifting limit structure; 400, Grinding mechanism; 410, Photoelectric wear sensor; 420, Lifting tension adjustment structure; 430, Sanding belt; 440, Multi-segment sanding belt grinding assembly; 441, Drive component; 442, Rotating cylinder; 443, Sheath; 444, Worm gear; 445, Worm; 446, First pulley; 447, Second pulley; 448, Electromagnetic stopper; 450, Adjustable support plate frame; 460, Lifting column; 470, Adjustable leveling device. Components; 471, Synchronous Logic Controller; 472, Control Frame; 473, Drive Guide Electric Rod; 474, Adjusting Slide Shaft; 475, Flattening Component; 480, Bottom Synchronous Rotary Drum; 490, Abutting Grinding Component; 491, Reciprocating Screw Guide Rail; 492, Positioning Slide Seat; 493, First Drive Electric Rod; 494, Second Drive Electric Rod; 495, Rotating Component; 496, Adjusting Arm; 497, Third Drive Electric Rod; 498, Abutting Component; 500, Sandpaper Wheel Grinding Mechanism; 600, Second Lifting Limit Structure. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] To address the issue of existing grinding components' inability to dynamically adjust the applied pressure or rotation speed, resulting in uncoordinated grinding areas, referencing... Figure 1 As shown: A grinding assembly for a grinding machine includes a conveyor belt mechanism 200 and a grinding mechanism 400. The grinding mechanism 400 is installed at the feed end of the conveyor belt mechanism 200 and is used to create different rolling conditions for multiple sanding belts 430 to dynamically adjust the grinding operation according to different grinding areas of the sheet metal part (e.g., ...). Figure 2 ).

[0033] When the 400 grinding mechanism is operating, specifically, according to... Figure 3 As shown, the grinding mechanism 400 is installed at the feed end of the conveyor belt mechanism 200 and is used to make the sandpaper roll to grind the sheet metal parts. The grinding mechanism 400 includes a multi-segment sanding assembly 440, a sanding belt 430, an adjusting and leveling assembly 470, and an abutting grinding assembly 490. The multi-segment sanding assembly 440 is used to drive an independent sanding belt 430. Each sanding belt 430 corresponds to a different grinding area of ​​the sheet metal part. The adjusting and leveling assembly 470 is used to level the inner walls of two or more sanding belts 430 when the sanding belt 430 is grinding, and the leveling is kept on the same horizontal line. The abutting grinding assembly 490 is used to abut against the inner wall surface of the sanding belt 430 and push the inner wall of a single sanding belt 430, so that the single sanding belt 430 can perform key or fine grinding operations according to the area to be ground.

[0034] In the preferred embodiment, when the grinding component 490 is engaged in operation, according to Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the abutment grinding assembly 490 is installed at the bottom of the slot frame, and it has a reciprocating lead screw guide 491 (as shown). Figure 7The reciprocating screw guide 491 is laid horizontally along the transverse central axis at the bottom of the slot frame. Both ends of the reciprocating screw guide 491 are fixed to the inner side wall of the slot frame by bearings with seats. The end of the guide extends to the outside of the slot frame and is rigidly connected to a servo drive motor (the motor drives the screw to rotate through a coupling). Two guide rails are arranged parallel to each other on the outside of the reciprocating screw guide 491 to limit the sliding direction of the positioning sliding seat 492 and prevent it from deviating) and the abutment 498. The reciprocating screw guide 491 can drive the abutment 498 connected to the end to form a reciprocating sliding adjustment inside the sanding belt 430. A second pressure sensor is installed inside the abutment 498. The abutment grinding assembly 490 also includes a positioning sliding seat 492 (in the form of a rectangular block structure). The positioning sliding seat 492 reciprocates along the axial direction of the reciprocating lead screw guide 491. A first drive electric rod 493 and a second drive electric rod 494 (both miniature electric push rods (extendable rods)) are respectively mounted on both ends of the surface of the positioning sliding seat 492, symmetrically installed at the left and right ends of the top of the positioning sliding seat 492. The ends of the push rods are hinged to the two side lugs of the pivot member 495 via fisheye bearings. The pivot member 495 (e.g., ...) is fastened to the center surface of the positioning sliding seat 492. Figure 8 The first drive electric lever 493 and the second drive electric lever 494 are respectively located on both sides of the pivot member 495 and connected. An adjusting arm 496 is rotatably connected to the front end of the pivot member 495 along a second direction perpendicular to the positioning sliding seat 492. A contact member 498 forms a pitch angle adjustment at the front end of the adjusting arm 496 along the second direction. A third drive electric lever 497 (e.g., a U-shaped frame structure hinged together) is mounted on the back of the front arm of the adjusting arm 496. Figure 8 The end of the third drive electric lever 497 is connected to the center of the back of the abutment 498 via a ball joint, which can push the abutment 498 to extend and retract along the length direction (i.e., laterally) of the adjusting arm 496, thereby adjusting the contact force between the abutment 498 and the inner wall of the sanding belt 430. The end of the third drive electric lever 497 is connected to the back of the abutment 498 (forming an arc-shaped block structure (the arc curvature matches the curvature of the inner wall of the sanding belt 430), and its contact surface facing the inner wall of the sanding belt 430 is polished (to reduce frictional wear with the sanding belt 430)). The abutment grinding component 490 is integrated into the bottom of the slot frame of the grinding mechanism 400, located directly below the multi-segment sanding belt 430, corresponding vertically to the adjusting and leveling component 470 (the adjusting and leveling component 470 is attached to the upper side of the inner wall of the sanding belt 430, and the abutment grinding component 490 is attached to the lower side of the inner wall of the sanding belt 430), together constituting a bidirectional contact and adjustment operation of the sanding belt 430 (e.g., Figure 4After the 3D structured light camera scans the surface of the sheet metal part, generates a roughness heat map, and transmits it to the external PLC controller, the external PLC controller sends a command to the servo motor of the reciprocating lead screw guide 491 based on the location of the key grinding areas marked in the heat map (such as the edge protrusions of the sheet metal part and the surface burr area). This causes the servo motor to drive the lead screw to rotate forward, driving the positioning sliding seat 492 to slide along the guide rail until the abutment 498 moves to directly below the sanding belt 430 corresponding to the key grinding area. During the sliding process, the guide rail restricts the offset of the sliding seat, ensuring that the abutment 498 is always aligned with the target area. After positioning is completed, the external PLC controller, based on the tilt angle of the target area of ​​the sheet metal part fed back by the 3D camera (such as the edge tilting upwards by 15 degrees), sends a command to the servo motor of the reciprocating lead screw guide 491. The first drive electric rod 493 and the second drive electric rod 494 are sent with coordinated action commands. If the sheet metal area tilts upward, the first drive electric rod 493 is extended and the second drive electric rod 494 is retracted. The difference in the extension and retraction of the two drives the pivot 495 to rotate clockwise around its central axis, thereby causing the adjusting arm 496 to tilt upward synchronously (the tilt angle is consistent with that of the sheet metal area). If the sheet metal area tilts downward, the first drive electric rod 493 is extended and the second drive electric rod 494 is extended in the opposite direction, causing the adjusting arm 496 to tilt downward. During the entire angle adjustment process, the tilt state of the adjusting arm 496 is fed back in real time by the angle sensor set at the pivot shaft of the pivot 495, ensuring that the angle deviation meets the grinding requirements. After the angle of the adjusting arm 496 is adapted, the external PLC controller starts the third drive electric rod 497. The push rod in the third drive electric rod 497 slowly extends, pushing the abutment 498 towards the inner wall of the sanding belt 430 until the arc-shaped contact surface of the abutment 498 contacts the inner wall of the sanding belt 430. At this time, the second pressure sensor at the center of the contact surface of the abutment 498 begins to collect the abutment force signal in real time and transmits the signal to the external PLC controller. The external PLC controller compares the signal with the preset abutment force threshold (set according to the sheet metal material and sanding requirements). If the abutment force is insufficient (not reaching the threshold), the third drive electric rod 497 continues to extend to increase the abutment force. If the abutment force exceeds the threshold (which may cause the sanding belt 430 to be over-compressed), the third drive electric rod 497 is controlled to retract appropriately until the abutment force stabilizes within the preset range. After the pressure adjustment is completed, the third drive electric rod 497 maintains the current extension amount to maintain a stable abutment force.After the contact force stabilizes, the multi-segment sanding assembly 440 starts rotating the sanding belt 430 in the corresponding area to begin sanding the target area of ​​the sheet metal part. At the same time, the external PLC controller controls the servo motor of the reciprocating lead screw guide 491 to perform alternating forward and reverse rotation, driving the positioning sliding seat 492 to slide back and forth along the guide rail (the sliding range covers the width of the key sanding area), or (the sliding range is dynamically adjusted according to the key sanding area of ​​the sheet metal part). During the sliding process, the contact part 498 always maintains a stable contact with the inner wall of the sanding belt 430 under the coordinated control of the third drive electric rod 497 and the second pressure sensor, ensuring that the sanding pressure of the sanding belt 430 on the sheet metal part is uniform and without fluctuation. If there are slight undulations (such as local protrusions) on the surface of the sheet metal part during the sanding process, the second pressure sensor will capture the pressure change in real time and provide feedback. The external PLC controller will immediately adjust the extension and retraction of the third drive electric rod 497 to compensate for the pressure deviation and avoid over-sanding or under-sanding problems.

[0035] In a further preferred embodiment, when the multi-segment belt grinding assembly 440 is operating, according to... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the multi-segment sanding assembly 440 includes several sets of driving components 441. These sets of driving components 441 are arranged at intervals along a first direction perpendicular to the sanding surface of the sanding belt 430, and each set of driving components 441 drives a corresponding independent sanding belt 430. Each sanding belt 430 corresponds to a different sanding area of ​​the sheet metal part. The driving component 441 includes a sheath 443 (e.g., ...). Figure 4 The casing is a cylindrical sealed housing. A maintenance window (with a dust cover) is provided on the side of the casing 443 for easy maintenance of the worm gear 444 and worm 445. The worm gear 444 is installed inside the casing 443, and the worm 445 is installed inside the bottom end of the casing 443. The worm 445 and the worm gear 444 are meshed together. A first pulley 446 and a second pulley 447 are sequentially fitted onto the outer side of the worm 445 along its axial direction. An electromagnetic interruptor 448 (e.g., an electromagnetic insulator) is installed at the middle end of the first pulley 446 and the second pulley 447. Figure 5 It is a ring-shaped electromagnetic clutch structure, sleeved on the worm gear 445 shaft segment between the first pulley 446 and the second pulley 447. When the electromagnetic stopper 448 is energized, the inner and outer rings separate, and the worm gear 445 can rotate freely. When the power is off, the inner and outer rings are locked by spring pressure, and the worm gear 445 is locked and cannot rotate. A rotating cylinder 442 is installed on the side end of the drive component 441, and the outside of the rotating cylinder 442 is sleeved with the sanding belt 430. Each set of drive components 441 (formed by the drive of a variable frequency servo motor) drives a corresponding independent sanding belt 430, and the sanding belt 430 segments are separated by thin elastic partitions (such as... Figure 4To avoid friction between adjacent sanding belts 430, the axes of all sanding belts 430 segments are collinear. The inner top of each sanding belt 430 contacts the tension roller of the lifting tension adjustment structure 420. By extending or retracting the electric lever of the lifting tension adjustment structure 420, the tension of each sanding belt 430 segment can be adjusted synchronously, ensuring that there is no slippage when the drive component 441 drives the sanding belt 430 to rotate. When the sheet metal part is conveyed to the feed end by the conveyor belt mechanism 200 (e.g., ... Figure 1This causes the 3D structured light camera to begin scanning the surface of the sheet metal part, generating a roughness heat map that includes areas requiring heavy grinding, areas requiring regular grinding, and areas that do not require grinding. The data is then transmitted to an external PLC controller. The external PLC controller analyzes the heat map to determine the corresponding sanding belt 430 segments for each area (e.g., the first sanding belt 430 segment corresponds to the burr area on the left side of the sheet metal part, the second and third sanding belt 430 segments correspond to the smooth area in the middle, and the fourth and fifth sanding belt 430 segments correspond to the area that does not require grinding on the right side). The controller then determines the required grinding speed for each sanding belt 430 segment (high speed is required for areas requiring heavy grinding, and medium to low speed is required for areas requiring regular grinding). Subsequently, the external PLC controller sends control commands to the drive unit 441 corresponding to the sanding belt 430 segment that needs to be worked. Upon receiving the instruction, the drive component 441 that needs to work first performs the unlocking action, which energizes the electromagnetic blocker 448, separating its rotating end (inner ring) from its fixed end (outer ring), allowing the worm gear 445 to unlock and rotate freely. Simultaneously, the external PLC controller controls the belt drive of the variable frequency servo motor and the corresponding first pulley 446 or second pulley 447 according to the preset speed (if the key grinding area requires a high speed, the first pulley 446 is activated, and the variable frequency servo motor drives the first pulley 446 to rotate via the belt; if the regular grinding area requires a low speed, the second pulley 447 is activated). The rotation of the first pulley 446 or the second pulley 447 drives the worm gear 445 to rotate around its own axis. The worm gear 445 drives the worm wheel 444 to rotate through tooth surface meshing (achieving speed reduction and torque increase to meet the torque required for grinding), and the worm wheel 444 drives the rotating cylinder 442 to rotate synchronously. The rotating cylinder 442 drives the corresponding independent sanding belt 430 to rotate circumferentially through surface friction, and the sanding belt 430 starts grinding preparation. After the sanding belt 430 starts rotating, the external PLC controller activates the lifting and tensioning adjustment structure 420, causing its electric rod to extend and drive the top plate to press upward, thus tensioning the sanding belt 430 (the tension can be fed back in real time by a tension sensor installed on the surface of the top plate to ensure uniform tension in each section of the sanding belt 430). Subsequently, according to the needs of different grinding areas, the external PLC controller fine-tunes the speed of each drive component 441 (for example, the drive component 441 in the key grinding area uses a frequency converter servo motor to increase the speed of the worm gear 445, thereby increasing the speed of the sanding belt 430, while the drive component 441 in the regular grinding area reduces the speed of the worm gear 445 to keep the sanding belt 430 rotating at a low speed and smoothly. At the same time, in conjunction with the pressure adjustment of the abutment grinding component 490 (the abutment pressure is high in the key grinding area and low in the regular grinding area), each section of the sanding belt 430 achieves differentiated grinding of the corresponding area of ​​the sheet metal part with high speed and high pressure or low speed and low pressure, ensuring thorough removal of burrs in the key areas while avoiding over-grinding in the regular areas).During the polishing process, if the tension of a certain section of the sanding belt 430 decreases due to wear (the tension sensor reports that the tension is below the threshold), or the photoelectric wear sensor 410 detects that the thickness of the sanding belt 430 has reached the replacement threshold, the external PLC controller immediately sends a stop control command to the drive unit 441 corresponding to the sanding belt 430. The corresponding electromagnetic blocker 448 is de-energized, the worm gear 445 is locked, and the rotating drum 442 and the sanding belt 430 stop rotating. The operator opens the maintenance door on the side of the slot frame, removes the worn sanding belt 430, replaces it with a new sanding belt 430, and then resumes the polishing operation. The drive units 441 corresponding to other unworn sanding belts continue to work normally, without the need for a complete shutdown, ensuring the continuity of polishing. (Or, through the sand belt changing method in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN110000670B, or similar existing methods, an automatic sand belt changing operation 430 can be formed.) If large-area grinding is required, the electromagnetic blocker 448 of the corresponding drive component 441 is opened, so that the corresponding worm 445, worm wheel 444, first pulley 446 and second pulley 447 work synchronously, so that the corresponding sand belt 430 performs synchronous grinding operation.

[0036] In a further preferred embodiment, the specific operation method of adjusting the leveling component 470 is as follows: Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6As shown, the adjusting and leveling assembly 470 is installed inside the slot frame in the grinding mechanism 400 and is equidistantly distributed along the axial direction of the sanding belt 430. The adjusting and leveling assembly 470 includes a synchronization logic controller 471 and a leveling component 475. The synchronization logic controller 471 is used to control the drive structure of the leveling component 475 to perform synchronous or single operation. A leveling plate is installed on the side surface of the leveling component 475 for contacting the inner wall surface of the sanding belt 430. The adjusting and leveling assembly 470 also includes a drive guide electric rod 473 and a control frame 472. The drive guide electric rod 473 is signal-connected to the synchronization logic controller 471 through the connected control frame 472. The end of the drive guide electric rod 473 is connected to an adjusting slide shaft 474. The adjusting slide shaft 474 consists of a bottom slide and two adjusting shafts. The side end of the adjusting slide shaft 474 is in contact with the leveling component 475. A first pressure sensor and a synchronization sensor are respectively installed inside the leveling component 475. In the further preferred embodiment described above, when the sheet metal part is conveyed by the conveyor belt mechanism 200 and a roughness heat map is generated, the external PLC controller determines the sanding belt 430 segments that need to be polished based on the heat map (e.g., the first and second segments correspond to the sheet metal burr area and require strong flattening, while the third to fifth segments correspond to the flattening area and require regular flattening). The controller then transmits the instructions for dividing the flattening area and the target abutment force to the synchronous logic controller 471. After receiving the instructions, the synchronous logic controller 471 combines the position feedback of the synchronous sensors of each flattening component 475 to parse the specific action logic. This allows the drive guide electric rods 473 of the first and second segments to extend to form strong flattening, and the third to fifth segments to extend to form regular flattening, with the first to fifth segments requiring synchronous action. Alternatively, during strong polishing, a separate action can be formed, while a synchronous action can be formed elsewhere.Secondly, the synchronization logic controller 471 sends an action command to the corresponding drive guide electric rod 473. That is, if it is a synchronized action (such as the first to fifth sections of the sanding belt 430 needing to be flattened as a whole), all drive guide electric rods 473 extend simultaneously by a preset extension amount. The drive guide electric rods 473 push the bottom slide of the adjusting slide shaft 474 to slide downwards along the guide rail. The rubber sleeve of the adjusting shaft contacts the back of the flattening component 475 and applies pressure, pushing the flattening component 475 to slide upwards along the guide groove until the flattening plate of the flattening component 475 is in contact with the inner wall of the sanding belt 430. During the synchronization process, the synchronization sensor provides real-time feedback on the position of each flattening component 475. If the positional deviation of a certain set of leveling components 475 exceeds the threshold, the synchronous logic controller 471 immediately fine-tunes the extension and retraction of the corresponding drive guide electric rod 473 to ensure that all leveling components 475 have the same height. If it is an independent action (such as a section of sanding belt 430 in the first to fifth sections that needs to be replaced due to wear), only the drive guide electric rod 473 corresponding to a section in the first to fifth sections extends, while the other drive guide electric rods 473 remain stationary. The adjusting shaft pushes a section of leveling component 475 in the first to fifth sections to move upwards individually until the abutment plate is in contact with the inner wall of the sanding belt 430, thus avoiding uneven leveling caused by wear of a single section of sanding belt 430. At this point, after the flattening component 475 adheres to the inner wall of the sanding belt 430, the first pressure sensor begins to collect the contact force signal in real time and transmits the signal to the synchronous logic controller 471. The synchronous logic controller 471 compares the actual contact force with the target contact force preset by the external PLC controller. If the actual contact force is insufficient (e.g., only half of the target value), the synchronous logic controller 471 sends a command to the drive guide electric rod 473 to continue extending. The drive guide electric rod 473 extends slightly, increasing the pressure of the adjusting shaft on the flattening component 475. The force is applied until the contact force reaches the target value. If the actual contact force is too large (e.g., more than a multiple of the target value), the synchronous logic controller 471 sends a small retraction command to the drive guide electric rod 473, which retracts to reduce the contact force to the target range. After calibration, the drive guide electric rod 473 maintains the current extension and retraction amount and applies stable pressure to the flat part 475 by adjusting the shaft to ensure that the inner wall of the sanding belt 430 is always flat, thus avoiding grinding deviation caused by local protrusions when the sanding belt 430 rotates.When the sanding belt 430 starts grinding, if the inner wall of the sanding belt 430 fluctuates slightly due to the surface undulations of the sheet metal part (such as local hard burrs), the first pressure sensor of the flattening component 475 will immediately capture the change in the contact force (such as a sudden increase in pressure) and transmit the fluctuation signal to the synchronous logic controller 471. The synchronous logic controller 471 sends a dynamic fine-tuning command to the drive guide electric rod 473 according to the fluctuation amplitude. For example, when the pressure increases, the drive guide electric rod 473 retracts slightly (to release some pressure and avoid excessive compression of the sanding belt 430), and when the pressure decreases, the drive guide electric rod 473 extends slightly (to supplement the pressure and ensure the flattening effect). The entire dynamic adjustment process has a short response time, ensuring that the sanding surface of the sanding belt 430 is always flat and the grinding accuracy is not affected by fluctuations.

[0037] Further usage plans, based on Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the grinding mechanism 400 also includes a lifting tension adjustment structure 420 and an adjustment support plate frame 450. The lifting tension adjustment structure 420 consists of an electric rod and a fixed frame. The fixed frame is installed on the top surface of the slot frame. The top of the electric rod inside the fixed frame is connected to a top plate. Lifting columns 460 are connected to the left and right ends of the top plate. The lifting columns 460 are slidably connected along the vertical axis of the adjustment support plate frame 450. The adjustment support plate frame 450 is arranged opposite to the central axis of the lifting tension adjustment structure 420 to form a grinding support frame. A photoelectric wear sensor 410 is installed on the side end of the adjustment support plate frame 450 near the back surface of the sanding belt 430 to monitor the wear degree of the sanding belt 430 in real time. A bottom synchronous rotating cylinder 480 is sleeved inside the bottom end of the sanding belt 430. The bottom synchronous rotating cylinder 480 is installed on the inner wall surface of the bottom end of the adjustment support plate frame 450 and rotates synchronously with the rotating cylinder 442. When the area intelligent recognition module completes the sheet metal part scanning (generating a roughness heat map), the external PLC controller sends a control command to the multi-segment sanding belt assembly 440, causing the rotating drum 442 to start rotating. Through friction, the sanding belt 430 rotates circumferentially. At the same time, the sanding belt 430 drives the bottom synchronous rotating drum 480 to rotate synchronously (ensuring consistent speed), providing stable bottom support for the sanding belt 430. At this time, the external PLC controller also sends a tension monitoring control command to the lifting tension adjustment structure 420, using a tension sensor to continuously provide feedback on the tension of the sanding belt 430. If the tension decreases slightly due to the initial stretching of the sanding belt 430, or if the sanding belt 430 changes due to the operation of the aforementioned abutment sanding assembly 490, multi-segment sanding belt assembly 440, and adjusting and leveling assembly 470, the electric rod will automatically extend slightly to compensate for the tension to the initial value. At the same time, the adjusting and leveling assembly 470 starts the leveling action, cooperating with the bottom synchronous rotating drum 480 to ensure that the sanding surface of the sanding belt 430 is flat and without protrusions. After the sheet metal part enters the grinding area, the multi-segment sanding belt 430 begins to perform differentiated grinding on the corresponding areas. During the grinding process, the sanding belt 430 gradually wears down due to friction with the sheet metal part, and its thickness decreases, resulting in a slight increase in the overall length of the sanding belt 430 and a decrease in tension. At this time, the tension sensor immediately captures the tension decrease signal and transmits it to the external PLC controller. The external PLC controller then sends a small extension command to the electric rod of the lifting tension adjustment structure 420 according to the magnitude of the tension decrease. The electric rod pusher extends upward a small distance, further pressing the sanding belt 430 to compensate for the increase in length caused by wear, so that the tension is restored to the preset range. This ensures that the sanding belt 430 always maintains stable tension and avoids grinding slippage or incomplete grinding due to insufficient tension.Meanwhile, the photoelectric wear sensor 410 continuously monitors the thickness of the sanding belt 430. The infrared laser emitted by the photoelectric wear sensor 410 penetrates the sanding belt 430, and the receiving end detects the penetration amount in real time. When the thickness of the sanding belt 430 wears down to the preset replacement threshold, the penetration amount at the receiving end reaches the threshold, and the photoelectric wear sensor 410 sends a sanding belt 430 wear warning signal to the external PLC controller. The external PLC controller immediately displays the warning information on the display screen of the grinding machine and beeps to remind the operator to prepare to replace the sanding belt 430 (but does not stop the machine immediately, ensuring that the current sheet metal part is finished).

[0038] Meanwhile, during the aforementioned grinding component operation, another solution is provided, in which the grinding machine operates synchronously, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the grinding machine includes a first lifting limit structure 300, a second lifting limit structure 600, and a lifting mechanism 100. The first lifting limit structure 300 and the second lifting limit structure 600 are respectively installed at the inlet end and the outlet end of the conveyor belt mechanism 200. The first lifting limit structure 300 is configured in two sets, which are arranged opposite to each other along the central axis of the sanding belt 430. Two sets of 3D structured light cameras are installed opposite to each other on both sides of the inlet end of the conveyor belt mechanism 200 along the central axis of the conveyor belt mechanism 200. These cameras are used to actively scan the surface of the sheet metal parts when they enter, and identify the key grinding areas, regular grinding areas, and no-grinding areas, and feed the results back to the external PLC controller. The external PLC controller is connected to the synchronous logic controller 471 through lines or signals. A lifting mechanism 100 is installed at the bottom of the conveyor belt mechanism 200. When the sheet metal part enters the conveyor belt mechanism 200, the lifting mechanism 100 can be adjusted to a height suitable for the thickness of the sheet metal part. An alternating sandpaper wheel grinding mechanism 500 is installed on the surface of the conveyor belt mechanism 200, away from the grinding mechanism 400. The alternating sandpaper wheel grinding mechanism 500 is used to grind the edges and irregular areas of the sheet metal part. After adjusting the lifting mechanism 100 to a height suitable for the sheet metal thickness, the sheet metal part is fed in from the inlet end of the conveyor belt mechanism 200, moving it towards the grinding mechanism 400. When the sheet metal part moves to the infrared sensor of the first lifting limit structure 300, the infrared sensor detects the sheet metal part, sends a signal to the external PLC controller, and simultaneously sends a signal to the lifting electric push rod (e.g., the first lifting limit structure 300) of the first lifting limit structure 300. Figure 2 The command is sent to cause the two sets of electric push rods to extend downwards synchronously, thereby driving the limit rollers (such as...) Figure 2The sheet metal part descends to its limit height (flush with the top surface of the sheet metal part) to achieve centering. After positioning, the external PLC controller controls the 3D structured light camera to start scanning, causing the sheet metal part to move with the conveyor belt mechanism 200 to the sanding belt 430 of the grinding mechanism 400 for the aforementioned grinding operation. After grinding, the conveyor belt mechanism 200 transports the sheet metal part again, causing the first lifting limit structure 300 on the other side to re-center the ground sheet metal part as described above, and continue to transport it into the working area of ​​the sandpaper wheel grinding mechanism 500. The external PLC controller sends instructions to the corresponding sandpaper wheel grinding mechanism 500 based on the position of the irregular area of ​​the edge marked by the 3D scan, causing the micro servo motor in the sandpaper wheel grinding mechanism 500 to start, driving the elastic sandpaper wheel to rotate (the sandpaper wheel at the edge corner is tilted at a preset angle). During the movement of the sheet metal part, the staggered sandpaper wheels respectively grind the left edge, right edge, bending dead corner, etc. For additional grinding, the rubber base of the elastic sandpaper wheel conforms to the irregular contours, ensuring no blind spots during grinding. After the grinding is completed, the sheet metal parts move to the discharge end with the conveyor belt mechanism 200, where they are leveled by the second lifting and limiting structure 600 to complete the grinding operation.

[0039] The wiring diagrams of the synchronous logic controller 471, the second pressure sensor, the electromagnetic blocker 448, the photoelectric wear sensor 410, the first pressure sensor, and the synchronous sensor in this invention are common knowledge in the field. Their working principles are known technologies, and the appropriate models are selected according to actual use. Therefore, the control methods and wiring arrangements of the synchronous logic controller 471, the second pressure sensor, the electromagnetic blocker 448, the photoelectric wear sensor 410, the first pressure sensor, and the synchronous sensor will not be explained in detail.

[0040] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grinding component for a grinding machine, characterized in that, include: The conveyor belt mechanism (200) has dust suction holes opened on the surface of the conveyor belt for adsorbing and conveying grinding dust to an external receiving box for collection. A grinding mechanism (400) is installed at the feed end of the conveyor belt mechanism (200) to make sandpaper roll to grind sheet metal parts. The grinding mechanism (400) includes a multi-segment sanding belt assembly (440), a sanding belt (430), an adjusting and leveling assembly (470), and an abutting grinding assembly (490). The multi-segment sanding assembly (440) includes several sets of driving components (441). The several sets of driving components (441) are arranged at intervals along a first direction perpendicular to the sanding surface of the sanding belt (430), and each set of driving components (441) drives an independent sanding belt (430). Each sanding belt (430) corresponds to a different sanding area of ​​the sheet metal part. The adjusting and leveling assembly (470) is installed inside the slot frame in the grinding mechanism (400) and is equidistantly distributed along the axial direction of the sanding belt (430). The adjusting and leveling assembly (470) includes a synchronous logic controller (471) and a leveling component (475). The synchronous logic controller (471) is used to control the driving structure of the leveling component (475) to perform synchronous or single operation. The side end surface of the leveling component (475) is provided with a leveling plate for abutting against the inner wall surface of the sanding belt (430). The bottom end of the sanding belt (430) is fitted with a bottom synchronous rotating cylinder (480). The bottom synchronous rotating cylinder (480) is installed on the inner wall surface of the bottom end of the adjusting support plate frame (450) and rotates synchronously with the rotating cylinder (442). The adjusting and leveling assembly (470) also includes a drive guide electric rod (473) and a control frame (472). The drive guide electric rod (473) is connected to the synchronous logic controller (471) through the connected control frame (472). The end of the drive guide electric rod (473) is connected to an adjusting slide shaft (474). The adjusting slide shaft (474) is composed of a bottom slide seat and two adjusting shafts. The side end of the adjusting slide shaft (474) is in contact with the leveling component (475). The leveling component (475) is equipped with a first pressure sensor and a synchronous sensor respectively. The abutment grinding assembly (490) is installed at the bottom of the slot frame. It has a reciprocating screw guide rail (491) and an abutment member (498). The reciprocating screw guide rail (491) can drive the abutment member (498) connected to its end to form a reciprocating sliding adjustment inside the sanding belt (430). A second pressure sensor is installed inside the abutment member (498).

2. The grinding assembly of the grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The abutment grinding assembly (490) also includes a positioning slide seat (492), which slides back and forth along the axial direction of the reciprocating lead screw guide (491). A first drive electric rod (493) and a second drive electric rod (494) are respectively installed at both ends of the surface of the positioning slide seat (492). A pivot member (495) is fastened to the center surface of the positioning slide seat (492). The ends of the first drive electric rod (493) and the second drive electric rod (494) are respectively located on both sides of the pivot member (495) and connected to each other.

3. The grinding assembly of the grinding machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front end of the pivot member (495) is rotatably connected to an adjusting arm (496) along a second direction perpendicular to the positioning slide seat (492), and the abutment member (498) forms a pitch angle adjustment at the front end of the adjusting arm (496) along the second direction.

4. The grinding assembly of the grinding machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The front end of the adjusting arm (496) is provided with a third drive electric rod (497), and the end of the third drive electric rod (497) is connected to the back of the abutment (498).

5. The grinding assembly of the grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive unit (441) includes a sleeve (443), a worm gear (444) is installed inside the sleeve (443), a worm (445) is installed inside the bottom end of the sleeve (443), the worm (445) and the worm gear (444) are meshed and connected, a first pulley (446) and a second pulley (447) are respectively sleeved on the outer side of the worm (445) along the axial direction of the worm (445), and an electromagnetic blocker (448) is installed at the middle end of the first pulley (446) and the second pulley (447).

6. The grinding assembly of the grinding machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: A rotating cylinder (442) is installed on the side end of the drive unit (441), and the outside of the rotating cylinder (442) is fitted with the sand belt (430).

7. The grinding assembly of the grinding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding mechanism (400) further includes a lifting tension adjustment structure (420) and an adjustment support plate frame (450). The lifting tension adjustment structure (420) consists of an electric rod and a fixed frame. The fixed frame is installed on the top surface of the slot frame. The top of the electric rod inside is connected to a top plate. The left and right ends of the top plate are connected to lifting columns (460). The lifting columns (460) are slidably connected along the vertical axis of the adjustment support plate frame (450). The adjustment support plate frame (450) is arranged opposite to the central axis of the lifting tension adjustment structure (420) and is matched as a grinding support frame. A photoelectric wear sensor (410) is installed on the side end of the adjustment support plate frame (450) near the back surface of the sanding belt (430) for real-time monitoring of the wear degree of the sanding belt (430).

8. A grinding machine, characterized in that, The grinding assembly of the grinding machine according to any one of claims 1-7 includes a first lifting limit structure (300), a second lifting limit structure (600), and a lifting mechanism (100). The first lifting limit structure (300) and the second lifting limit structure (600) are respectively installed at the inlet end and the outlet end of the conveyor belt mechanism (200). The first lifting limit structure (300) is set in two sets and is arranged opposite to each other along the central axis of the sanding belt (430). Two sets of 3D structured light cameras are installed opposite to each other on both sides of the inlet end of the conveyor belt mechanism (200) along the central axis of the conveyor belt mechanism (200) to actively scan the surface of the sheet metal part when it enters, and identify the key grinding area, the regular grinding area and the no-grind area, and feed back to the external PLC controller. The external PLC controller is connected to the synchronous logic controller (471) through lines or signals.

9. The grinding machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism (100) is installed at the bottom of the conveyor belt mechanism (200) and is used to adjust the lifting mechanism (100) to a height suitable for the thickness of the sheet metal part when the sheet metal part enters the conveyor belt mechanism (200). On the surface of the conveyor belt mechanism (200) and away from the grinding mechanism (400), there is a staggered sandpaper wheel grinding mechanism (500) to perform grinding operations on the edges and irregular parts of the sheet metal part.

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