River and lake fixed-point hourly water body sampling device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water environment monitoring, and discloses a river and lake fixed-point hourly water body sampling device and method.The river and lake fixed-point hourly water body sampling device comprises a fixing assembly which is used for anchoring a mounting carrier and can adapt to the spatial position for height adjustment, and a rotating sampling unit which comprises a plurality of sampling boxes distributed in the circumferential direction and a rotating sampling piece capable of driving the sampling boxes to rotate; the posture of the sampling box is changed through rotation, so that the sampling box forms a forward water taking state and a reverse water storage state, and the rotary sampling piece drives the sampling box to rotate according to a preset time interval so as to be in contact with a water body to complete sampling; the driving mechanism is connected with the rotating sampling part and used for executing timing driving, the control system is in signal connection with the driving mechanism and the rotating sampling module, a control module is arranged in the control system, and the control system can set and send a timing rotating instruction.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water environment monitoring, in particular to a river and lake fixed-point hourly water body sampling device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of water environment monitoring, isotopic detection of blue algae, monitoring of water quality parameters (such as dissolved oxygen, pH value), and analysis of chemical components (such as algal toxins, polysaccharides) are of great significance to reveal the growth pattern of blue algae and assess the ecological risk of water. However, the growth and reproduction of blue algae and the release of metabolic products have significant hourly dynamic characteristics (midday photosynthesis enhancement leading to a sudden increase in algal cell density, and night respiration causing a decrease in water pH). Existing sampling techniques cannot meet the monitoring needs.

[0003] The existing sampling technology lacks timeliness when monitoring river and lake blue algae, and cannot capture the dynamic changes of blue algae. Traditional sampling relies on manual timed collection once or multiple times a day, with long time intervals, making it difficult to record short-term fluctuations in blue algae biomass and algal toxin concentration. Within 1-2 hours of the initial outbreak of blue-green algae bloom, the algal cell density may increase by more than 50%, and sampling at too long intervals will miss the critical change nodes, leading to misjudgment of the proliferation trend of blue algae.

[0004] Existing automatic sampling devices mostly use a single sample storage cavity, and water samples collected at different times are easily mixed, making it difficult to distinguish the isotopic composition (metabolic differences of carbon-13 and nitrogen-15) and chemical component changes of blue algae at different times of day and night. It is difficult to achieve continuous operation of "collection-retention-replacement"; and lacks operation state recording, making it difficult to trace the time and environmental conditions of each sampling, leading to a disconnection between blue algae detection data and sampling background information, affecting the scientificity of result analysis.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an automated device that can achieve hourly continuous sampling, independent sample storage, and adaptation to blue algae growth environment to support high-precision monitoring needs related to blue algae. SUMMARY

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned problem of insufficient continuity and timeliness of blue algae sampling, the present application provides a river and lake fixed-point hourly water body sampling device and method.

[0007] The river and lake fixed-point hourly water body sampling device and method provided by the present application adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, a river and lake fixed-point hourly water body sampling device is provided, which comprises a fixing assembly for anchoring and installing a carrier and being capable of adapting to a spatial position for height adjustment, a plurality of sampling boxes distributed circumferentially, a rotating sampling unit capable of driving the sampling boxes to rotate, the posture of the sampling boxes is changed by rotation, so that the sampling boxes form a forward water sampling state and a reverse water storage state, and the rotating sampling unit drives the sampling boxes to rotate at a preset time interval to contact the water body to complete sampling; a driving mechanism connected with the rotating sampling unit for performing timing driving, a control system with a built-in control module is signal connected with the driving mechanism and the rotating sampling module respectively, and the control system can set and send timing rotation instructions.

[0008] Preferably, the fixing assembly comprises a connecting piece for connecting and fixing with the carrier, and a telescopic piece connected with one end of the connecting piece and having a length adjustable to adapt to different installation scenarios.

[0009] Preferably, the rotating sampling piece adopts a disc-shaped body structure, a plurality of sampling boxes are evenly and equally distributed circumferentially along the outer periphery of the disc-shaped body, forming a symmetrical sampling layout, and the sampling boxes are detachably connected with the disc-shaped rotating sampling piece.

[0010] Preferably, in the forward water sampling state, one end of the sampling box in the water sampling direction faces the water body to allow the water body to enter, and in the reverse non-water sampling state, the end deviates from the water body to retain the collected water sample; one end of the sampling box in the water sampling direction is tapered inwardly, and a filter screen is arranged at the tapered starting point of the sampling box.

[0011] Preferably, the power source of the driving mechanism adopts a battery or an external power source, and the control system regulates the power supply mode and power output of the driving mechanism.

[0012] Preferably, the driving mechanism comprises a stabilizing frame fixed to one end of the fixing assembly away from the installation carrier, a driving motor located on one side of the stabilizing frame and having an output end extending into the stabilizing frame, a driving shaft connected with one end of the driving motor and with the other end connected with the rotating sampling piece, and a positioning sensor located at one end of the rotating sampling piece away from the driving shaft.

[0013] Preferably, it further comprises a waterproof module, which adopts a combination of a sealed cabin, a waterproof coating and a sealing piece to protect the driving mechanism and the control system.

[0014] In a second aspect, a river and lake fixed-point hourly water body sampling device is provided, which comprises a fixing assembly for anchoring and installing a carrier and being capable of adapting to a spatial position for height adjustment, a plurality of sampling boxes distributed circumferentially, a rotating sampling unit capable of driving the sampling boxes to rotate, the posture of the sampling boxes is changed by rotation, so that the sampling boxes form a forward water sampling state and a reverse water storage state, and the rotating sampling unit drives the sampling boxes to rotate at a preset time interval to contact the water body to complete sampling; a driving mechanism connected with the rotating sampling unit for performing timing driving, a control system with a built-in control module is signal connected with the driving mechanism and the rotating sampling module respectively, and the control system can set and send timing rotation instructions. S1, fix the device at a preset sampling position and complete spatial posture adjustment, set sampling period parameters through the control system, including time interval, sampling execution trigger condition and running parameter threshold, establish linkage logic of control instruction and execution mechanism; S2, the control system generates a periodic pulse signal through the PLC control module in the control system based on a preset hourly collection period, after the driving mechanism receives the pulse signal, the driving mechanism drives the rotating sampling member to rotate intermittently according to the coded angle, the rotating angle matches the circumferential distribution angle of the sampling box, and the target sampling box is switched from the reverse water storage posture to the forward water taking posture; S3, when the rotating sampling member drives the sampling box to be in the forward water taking posture, the sampling box contacts the water body to complete sampling, the contact time is controlled by the control system according to a preset program, the duration T seconds, T matches the water sample collection requirement, after sampling is completed, the driving mechanism receives the instruction of the PLC module, drives the rotating sampling member to continue to move to the next point, and after moving to the next point, the sampling box is in the water storage state; S4, after sampling for a set period of time, the retained water sample in the sampling box in the reverse water storage posture is obtained; the sampling box is disassembled and replaced based on the running log stored by the control system.

[0015] Preferably, when the number of sampling boxes N≥2, in S2-S4, the control system adjusts the positions of the sampling boxes in turn according to the PLC time sequence logic, N1 is in the reverse water storage state, at this time, the large end of the tapered port retains the water sample with the large end downward, N2 is in the forward water taking state, the large end of the tapered port collects the water sample with the large end upward, when the water is taken forward, the large end of the tapered port of the sampling box gradually shrinks inward and faces upward to receive the water body, and N3 is in the standby trigger state; after each sampling period is completed, the rotating sampling member rotates by a set angle, and the sampling boxes are switched in turn.

[0016] In summary, the present application has the following beneficial technical effects: The PLC control system is used to drive the rotating sampling member to run periodically, and the circumferentially distributed sampling boxes are used to realize 24-hour continuous sampling, thereby directly solving the problem of dynamic omission of blue-green algae caused by long sampling interval of traditional manual sampling.

[0017] Each sampling box retains the water sample of the corresponding period of time through the "forward water taking-reverse water storage" structure, and the leakage is prevented by the tapered design combined with the gravity effect, so that the mixing of samples of different periods of time is avoided, and the problem of interference in detection of blue-green algae isotopes and chemical components (algal toxins, polysaccharides) caused by a single sample storage cavity is perfectly solved.

[0018] The sampling box and the rotating sampling member are detachably connected, and the sample of the corresponding period of time can be obtained by being disassembled alone, without the need to disassemble the whole device, so that the continuous operation requirements of "collection-analysis-replacement" in blue-green algae monitoring are met. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the river and lake fixed-point hourly water body sampling device.

[0020] Figure 2 is a structural schematic view of the river and lake fixed-point hourly water body sampling device.

[0021] Figure 3 is a structural schematic view of the embodiment 1.

[0022] Figure 4 is a structural schematic view of the sampling box. Figure 5 is a principle schematic view of the embodiment 2.

[0023] Explanation of reference signs: telescopic part 1, rotating sampling part 2, connecting part 3, sampling box 4, driving mechanism 5, rotating disc holder 21, sampling box positioning shaft 22, fixed cavity 31, box body 41, water inlet guide pipe 42, filter screen 43, water storage cavity 44, stabilizing frame 51, driving motor 52, driving shaft 53, positioning sensor 54. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the accompanying Figures 1-4 The application is further described in detail.

[0025] Embodiment 1 The embodiment of the application discloses a river and lake fixed-point hourly water body sampling device. Figure 1 , comprising a fixed component, a rotating sampling unit, a driving mechanism 5 and a control system, the fixed component is used for anchoring the device on an installation carrier bridge, a shore support, and adjusting the sampling height. The fixed component comprises a connecting part 3 and a telescopic part 1, a plurality of fixed cavities 31 are formed in the connecting part 3, and the fixed cavities 31 are fixed with the bridge guardrail or support by penetrating the fixed cavities 31 with bolts or screws; the telescopic part 1 adopts a hydraulic telescopic rod, an electric telescopic rod, a pneumatic telescopic rod or a sliding rail telescopic rod, which is selected according to actual telescopic requirements, one end of the telescopic part 1 is connected with the connecting part 3, and the other end is connected with the rotating sampling unit, and the length is adjusted to adapt to the river surface height of different installation scenes.

[0026] The rotating sampling unit realizes the collection and retention of water samples, and comprises a rotating sampling part 2 and a sampling box 4. The rotating sampling part 2 adopts a disc-shaped body as an installation base body of the sampling box 4. The sampling box 4 is evenly and equally divided along the outer periphery of the rotating sampling part 2, and when six sampling boxes 4 are arranged, one sampling box 4 is arranged at every 60°, and the rotating sampling part 2 is detachably connected with the sampling box 4. The sampling box positioning shaft 22 is arranged in a buckle or threaded connection mode with the rotating sampling part 2 and the sampling box 4, so that the sampling box 4 can be disassembled.

[0027] The sampling boxes 4 are evenly and symmetrically distributed along the outer periphery of the disc, forming a symmetric layout. The symmetric layout can ensure the uniformity and consistency of sampling, so that water samples at different positions can be collected, avoiding sampling deviation caused by uneven layout. The circumferential distribution helps to reduce the influence of one-sided water flow in different water flow or water body environments. The sampling boxes 4 are designed to be detachably connected with the disc-shaped rotating sampling member 2. The detachable connection allows the sampling boxes 4 to be individually detached, cleaned or replaced when needed, reducing the maintenance workload and allowing different types of sampling boxes 4 to be replaced as needed. The rotation of the disc-shaped structure can make the sampling boxes 4 more evenly distributed in the water body, especially in strong water flow or complex environment. Compared with linear or other geometric designs, the rotation of the disc shape can ensure that each sampling box 4 can enter different water layers or areas more uniformly, avoiding the influence of local water flow on the sampling results. In strong water flow environment, the rotation of the disc reduces the bias of sampling on one side or in one direction, thereby ensuring the reliability of the sampling data; the disc-shaped design allows the sampling boxes to contact the water surface in a stable manner, avoiding excessive local friction or uneven contact caused by other shapes (strip-shaped or square), thereby reducing errors when contacting water. This not only improves the accuracy of sampling, but also reduces the error of sampling time or position caused by uneven contact.

[0028] The sampling box 4 gradually shrinks inward at one end along the water sampling direction to form a funnel shape, and the large end is provided as a water inlet, and the small end forms a water outlet for later sampling. A filter screen 43 is arranged at the large end, which can further prevent clogging and is more convenient to clean. During sampling, the filter screen 43 intercepts sediment, water plants and other debris. By rotating the rotating sampling member 2 to switch the posture, a forward water sampling state and a reverse water storage state are mainly formed. In the forward water sampling state, the conical large end faces upward and toward the water body, facilitating water sample reception. In the reverse water storage state, the conical large end faces downward and away from the water body, preventing water sample loss by utilizing the conical structure and gravity to achieve retention.

[0029] In actual use, as the rotating sampling member 2 rotates, the sample enters the box body 41 inside through the funnel-shaped water inlet flow guide pipe 42. At this time, it is in the forward water sampling state. When it is in the reverse water storage state, the sample enters the water storage cavity 44 for storage.

[0030] The driving mechanism 5 provides power for the sampling unit to realize timed rotation. The driving mechanism 5 uses a battery or an external power source as a power source, so as to work in remote areas or mobile environments without relying on fixed power supply. At this time, the battery power supply makes the device more autonomous and portable. The external power supply uses the power grid or a mobile power supply to provide more stable and powerful power support, which is suitable for long-term stable operation scenarios. If conditions permit, power supply can be carried out at the same time. When the external power supply is available, the control system can preferentially select the external power supply for power supply; when the external power supply is unavailable or battery energy needs to be saved, the control system can switch to battery power supply.

[0031] The driving mechanism 5 includes a stabilizing frame 51, a driving motor 52, a driving shaft 53, and a positioning sensor 54. The stabilizing frame 51 is fixed to the end of the fixed assembly away from the mounting carrier and serves as a support to ensure the stability of the driving mechanism 5 and prevent the overall structure from being affected by vibration or movement during operation. The driving motor 52 is installed on one side of the stabilizing frame 51, and the output end of the driving motor 52 extends into the stabilizing frame 51. The driving motor 52 provides a power source and is driven by electricity. The output end of the driving motor 52 is connected to the driving shaft 53 through a transmission connection 3, so as to transmit the power of the motor to the subsequent motion assembly. The driving shaft 53 transmits power, with one end connected to the output end of the driving motor 52 and the other end connected to the rotating sampling piece 2. The driving shaft 53 transmits the rotational motion of the motor to the sampling unit. When the shaft rotates, the rotating sampling piece 2 also rotates, completing the predetermined sampling operation. The positioning sensor 54 is located at the end of the rotating sampling piece 2 away from the driving shaft 53. Its function is to ensure the accurate positioning of the rotating sampling piece 2 during rotation, avoiding the influence of sampling accuracy due to movement deviation or instability. The positioning sensor 54 is connected to the rotating sampling piece 2 and the driving shaft 53 to maintain the stability and accuracy of the sampling mechanism.

[0032] The control system is the core control unit, which adopts a PLC control module of Siemens S7-1200 series and is connected to the positioning sensor 54 signal of the driving mechanism 5. The control system sets the sampling period (1 hour / hours), rotation angle, sampling contact time, etc. through an external terminal (touch screen). Pulse signals are generated according to the preset period to control the start and stop of the driving motor 52 and the rotation angle. The current of the driving motor 52 (to judge whether it is overloaded) and the signal of the positioning sensor 54 (to judge whether the rotation is in place) are collected, and the running log is recorded.

[0033] In the above embodiment, further, the waterproof module adopts a sealed cabin (stainless steel material), a waterproof coating (polytetrafluoroethylene), and a sealing element (silicone sealing ring) to protect the driving motor 52, the PLC module, and other electrical components, achieving an IP67 or above waterproof level, and adapting to humid or short-term water immersion environments.

[0034] Example 2 On the basis of example 1, in order to meet the needs of river and lake hourly water body sampling, a kind of river and lake fixed-point hourly water body sampling device is proposed to realize the hourly sampling method, including the following steps: S1, device deployment and parameter configuration, the connecting piece 3 of the fixed component is fixed with the bridge guardrail or other carrier, the length is adjusted through the telescopic piece 1, the sampling unit is suspended above the water surface to avoid wave impact; The sampling box positioning shaft 22 set between the sampling box 4 and the rotating sampling piece 2 can be set according to the suspension height requirement.

[0035] Check the installation state of the sampling box 4, input parameters through the terminal connected to the control system: sampling period T0=1 hour, adjust to 2-24 hours according to the requirement, rotation angle α=360° / N, N is the number of sampling boxes 4; Sampling contact time: T=10 seconds, compatible with the water capacity of the sampling box 4; Abnormal threshold alarm: when the overload current of the driving motor 52 is greater than or equal to 5A and the rotation timeout is greater than or equal to 10 seconds, the alarm is triggered.

[0036] S2, PLC timing drive and posture switching, the control system enters standby state, the internal timer of PLC starts countdown (sampling is triggered once every T0=1 hour); When the sampling time is reached, PLC generates pulse signal, driving motor 52 of driving mechanism 5 starts, rotating sampling piece 2 is driven by driving shaft 53 to rotate α angle; The angle signal is fed back in real time by positioning sensor 54, and when it is confirmed that the rotation is in place, PLC sends stop command, and the target sampling box 4 is switched from reverse water storage state (large end of cone downward) to forward water sampling state (large end of cone upward).

[0037] S3, water sample collection and storage, in forward water sampling state, the large end of the sampling box 4 is upward and contacts with the water body, the water body flows into the box after being filtered by the large end filter screen 43, the contact time T=10 seconds; After the time is up, PLC sends driving command again, driving rotating sampling piece 2 continues to rotate α angle in the same direction, sampling box 4 switches to reverse water storage state (large end of cone downward), water sample leakage is prevented by using gravity and cone structure, and storage is completed; PLC records the sampling time and sampling box 4 number to the operation log.

[0038] S4, water sample collection and device maintenance, after completing the sampling in the set period (24 hours), the water sample is extracted from the sampling box 4 in reverse water storage state, and the detachable sampling box 4 is directly taken off at this time; Based on the control system log, the equipment state is checked, the filter screen 43 debris is cleaned, the battery is replaced (if it is powered by battery), the rotation angle is calibrated, and the next cycle is ensured to run normally.

[0039] In the above embodiment, further, when the number of sampling boxes 4 N=6, PLC controls each sampling box 4 to work in sequence: 1st hour: sampling box 4 N1 forward water sampling → rotate N1 reverse water storage; 2nd hour: sampling box 4 N2 forward water sampling → rotate N2 reverse water storage, N1 remains water storage; In turn, the cycle of "N1 sample storage → N2 sample storage → … → N6 sample storage" is formed, realizing 24-hour continuous sampling, and each sampling box 4 corresponds to a period of water sample, independent of each other.

[0040] In the above embodiment, in the mode of 24 sampling boxes 4 sampling once every hour, the sampling process follows a unified timing logic, as follows: From 0:00, every 1 hour, PLC triggers the corresponding numbered sampling box 4 to perform sampling action according to the preset program. Nn (n is an integer from 1 to 24, corresponding to 0:00-23:00) represents the current sampling box 4, and its action process is: Nn rotates 15° from reverse water storage state to forward water sampling state, contacts with water body for 8 seconds to complete water sample collection, and then rotates 15° into water storage state to store the water sample of the period (n-1:00 to n:00). According to the above rule, 0:00 is performed by N1, 1:00 is performed by N2, and so on. At 23:00, N24 performs sampling. The next day, the water samples stored in N1 to N24 sampling boxes 4 are collected manually, and the water samples of each hour during 0:00-23:00 are obtained, realizing 24-hour continuous monitoring.

[0041] Example 3 On the basis of example 1 and example 2, the specific control method of PLC is proposed, and for 24 sampling boxes 4 sampling every hour, the control logic adopts the following steps: S1, in the control system, the PLC built-in real-time clock module (RTC) is preset to trigger every 1 hour, and the starting time is 0:00. Every time the clock (0:00, 1:00…23:00) is reached, RTC sends an interrupt signal to the PLC main controller to trigger the sampling program. The trigger signal is bound to the number of sampling boxes 4: 0:00 corresponds to N1, 1:00 corresponds to N2…23:00 corresponds to N24, and the number of sampling boxes 4 to be started is automatically matched by array index (n=1→24).

[0042] S2, PLC generates a one-way continuous pulse signal to drive the rotating sampling member 2 to rotate in the same direction all the time, and the pulse number is calculated based on the parameters of the stepping motor (1.8° / step, subdivision 16): 134 pulses are outputted to rotate 15°, and the same rotating direction is kept all the time; 134 pulses are outputted in the first stage to drive Nn to rotate 15° from the initial position (reverse water storage state) to the forward water taking state, and contact with the water body for 8 seconds; 134 pulses are continuously outputted in the second stage to rotate 15° in the same direction, so that Nn leaves the water taking position to enter the water storage state, and Nn+1 rotates to the forward water taking preparation position.

[0043] S3, the positioning sensor 54 forms a feedback loop, and the PLC monitors the rotating angle in real time, 1 count signal is fed back per 1° of rotation, when the cumulative count reaches 15°, it is confirmed that Nn reaches the forward water taking state, and the 8-second contact timing is triggered; when it continues to rotate to 30°, it is confirmed that Nn enters the water storage state, and Nn+1 reaches the forward water taking preparation position, and the PLC records the current position coordinates (cumulative pulse number) to prepare for the next cycle triggering; if the 30° rotation (one-way continuous rotation) is not completed within 10 seconds, the "E02-one-way rotation timeout" fault alarm is triggered immediately, and the abnormal position data is recorded.

[0044] S4, the "continuous queue" algorithm is used to manage the state of the sampling box 4: an array State

[24] is defined to record the state (0=to be rotated, 1=forward water taking, 2=water storage); after each cycle, the State array is automatically updated: Nn is switched from "1" to "2", and Nn+1 is switched from "0" to "1" (the next of N24 is N1, forming a closed loop), so that when rotating in the same direction, the sampling box 4 enters the water taking and water storage states in turn.

[0045] Finally, it should be pointed out that in the description of the present application, it should be pointed out that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection" and "connection" should be understood broadly, which can be mechanical connection or electrical connection, or the communication between two elements, or direct connection, "up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate the relative positional relationship, when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may change; Secondly: in the drawings of the disclosed embodiments of the present application, only the structures related to the disclosed embodiments are involved, other structures can be referred to the usual design, and in the case of no conflict, the same embodiments and different embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other; Finally: the above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not used to limit the present application, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

[0046] The above are preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the protection scope of the present application, so: any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A fixed-point hourly water sampling device for rivers and lakes, characterized in that: include: A fixing component is used to anchor the mounting carrier and can be adjusted in height to suit the spatial position; The rotary sampling unit includes a plurality of sampling boxes distributed circumferentially and a rotary sampling member capable of driving the sampling boxes to rotate. The sampling boxes are rotated to change their posture so that the sampling boxes form a forward water collection state and a reverse water storage state. The rotary sampling member drives the sampling boxes to rotate at preset time intervals to contact the water body and complete sampling. a driving mechanism connected to the rotating sampling member and configured to perform a timed drive; The control system is respectively connected to the driving mechanism and the rotation sampling module signal, and has a built-in control module that can set and send a timing rotation instruction.

2. The device for sampling water at fixed points and at specific times in rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing assembly includes: a connecting piece for connecting and fixing to a carrier, and a telescopic piece whose one end is connected to the connecting piece and whose length can be adjusted to adapt to different installation scenarios.

3. The device for sampling water at fixed points and at specific times in rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating sampling member adopts a disc-shaped body structure, and a plurality of sampling boxes are evenly distributed along the outer periphery of the disc-shaped body to form a symmetrical sampling layout. The sampling boxes are detachably connected to the disc-shaped rotating sampling member.

4. The device for sampling water at fixed points and at specific times in rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the sampling box is in the forward water-taking state, one end of the sampling box in the water-taking direction faces the water body to allow water to enter, and when it is in the reverse non-water-taking state, the end faces away from the water body to retain the collected water sample; one end of the sampling box in the water-taking direction gradually tapers inward into a cone, and a filter is provided at the starting point of the taper.

5. The device for sampling water at fixed points and at specific times in rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power source of the driving mechanism is a battery or an external power supply, and the control system regulates the power supply mode and power output of the driving mechanism.

6. The device for sampling water at fixed points and at fixed times in rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises: a stabilizing frame, fixed to an end of the fixing assembly away from the mounting carrier; A driving motor is located on one side of the stabilizing frame, with an output end extending into the stabilizing frame; A driving shaft, one end of which is connected to the output end of the driving motor and the other end of which is connected to the rotating sampling member; The positioning sensor is located at an end of the rotating sampling component away from the driving shaft.

7. The device for sampling water at fixed points and at fixed times in rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a waterproof module, which uses a sealed cabin, a waterproof coating and a sealing element to protect the driving mechanism and the control system.

8. The hourly sampling method implemented by the hourly automatic water sampling device for rivers and lakes according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Fix the device at the preset sampling position and complete the spatial posture adjustment. Set the sampling cycle parameters through the control system, including the time interval, sampling execution trigger conditions and operating parameter thresholds, and establish the linkage logic between the control instructions and the actuator; S2. The control system generates a periodic pulse signal through a PLC control module in the control system based on a preset hourly collection period. After receiving the pulse signal, the driving mechanism drives the rotating sampling member to intermittently rotate according to the encoded angle. The rotation angle matches the circumferential distribution angle of the sampling box, and the target sampling box is switched from the reverse water storage posture to the forward water collection posture. S3, when the rotating sampling member drives the sampling box to be in a forward water sampling posture, the sampling box contacts the water body to complete the sampling, and the contact time is controlled by the control system according to a preset program, and the duration is T seconds, where T matches the water sample collection requirement. After the sampling is completed, the driving mechanism receives the instruction of the PLC module and drives the rotating sampling member to continue to move to the next point. After moving to the next point, the sampling box is in a water storage state; S4. After completing the sampling for the set period, obtain the retained water sample from the sampling box in the reverse water storage posture; and disassemble and replace the sampling box based on the operation log stored in the control system.

9. The hourly sampling method implemented by the hourly water sampling device for rivers and lakes according to claim 8 is characterized in that: When the number of sampling boxes N≥2, in S2-S4, the control system adjusts the position of the sampling boxes in sequence according to the PLC timing logic. N1 is in the reverse water storage state, at this time the large end of the cone mouth faces downward to retain water samples, N2 is in the forward water collection state, the large end of the cone mouth faces upward to collect water samples. When taking water in the forward direction, the large end of the cone mouth of the sampling box that gradually shrinks inward faces upward to receive water, and N3 is in the waiting trigger state; after each sampling cycle is completed, the rotating sampling piece rotates according to the set angle, and each sampling box switches states in sequence to achieve hourly continuous sampling.

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