Compound feed for increasing gallbladder weight of agkistrodon acutus and optimizing bile acid composition

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicinal snake breeding feeds, and particularly relates to a compound feed for increasing the gallbladder weight of agkistrodon acutus and optimizing bile acid composition. The compound feed for increasing the gallbladder weight of the agkistrodon acutus and optimizing the composition of the bile acid comprises the following raw materials: chick powder, yolk powder, fish oil, taurine, a compound vitamin premix and calcium carbonate, and dual optimization of gallbladder weight increase of the agkistrodon acutus and the composition of the bile acid is realized by optimizing a fat source and adding a bile acid precursor and an emulsifying system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of medicinal snake breeding feed technology, and more specifically relates to a compound feed that increases the weight of the gallbladder of the sharp-nosed viper and optimizes the composition of bile acids. Background Technology

[0002] The gallbladder of the sharp-nosed viper is a traditional Chinese medicine, rich in bile acids (such as taurocholic acid and cholic acid), and has the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying. Early snake farming mainly relied on live prey (such as frogs, rodents, and fish), which was nutritionally limited and costly, hindering large-scale development. In recent years, researchers and companies have been committed to developing artificial compound feeds for snakes to replace natural live prey. Currently, various compound feed formulas for snakes have emerged. For example, one uses fishmeal, beef bone meal, blood meal, and corn ethanol residue as main ingredients, with added vitamins and minerals, processed into a palatable compound feed for the rat snake. Another example is a fermented compound feed for cobras, using corn gluten meal, soybean meal, fish meat, and eggs as raw materials, fermented and with added compound enzymes, offering advantages such as easy digestibility, high meat gain rate, and growth promotion. These formulas improve the nutritional value and utilization rate of the feed, meeting the protein and energy needs of snake growth while reducing feed costs.

[0003] Currently, some snake farms use single-feed systems, such as large-scale snake farms that use frozen chicks as their basic feed. There are no dedicated compound or mixed feeds available, and even fewer dedicated feeds that can improve the yield and quality of snake bile. Single-feed systems have the following problems: unbalanced nutrition in conventional feeds, resulting in insufficient growth in wet weight of snake bile and slow development; and imbalance in bile acid composition (such as a low proportion of taurocholic acid), which affects the stability of drug efficacy.

[0004] Current feeds lack targeted regulation of bile acid synthesis, have low lipid utilization, weak antioxidant systems, and are prone to bile acid oxidation and degradation. Therefore, developing a compound feed that can specifically increase bile weight and optimize bile acid composition in *Viper spathula* has become a pressing challenge for those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a compound feed that increases the gallbladder weight of the pit viper and optimizes the bile acid composition. By optimizing the fat source, adding bile acid precursors and emulsification system, the invention solves the problems existing in the prior art and achieves dual optimization of gallbladder weight increase and bile acid composition in the pit viper.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] One of the technical solutions of this invention is to provide a compound feed that increases the weight of the gallbladder of the pit viper and optimizes the composition of bile acids. Each 1 kg of the compound feed comprises:

[0008] 550-650g of chick meal, 130-170g of egg yolk powder, 35-45g of fish oil, 4-6g of taurine, 14-16g of compound vitamin premix, 18-22g of calcium carbonate, and 150-190g of water.

[0009] Furthermore, each 1 kg of compound feed components includes:

[0010] Ingredients: 600g chick meal, 150g egg yolk powder, 40g fish oil, 5g taurine, 15g multivitamin premix, 20g calcium carbonate, and 170g water.

[0011] Furthermore, each 1 kg of the multivitamin premix contains 73.88 g of pantothenic acid, 17.64 g of vitamin B1 (calculated as thiamine), 47.14 mg of vitamin B12, 18.16 g of vitamin B2, 17.86 g of vitamin B6 (calculated as pyridoxine), 219.30 g of niacin, and 5910.28 mg of folic acid.

[0012] The second technical solution of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound feed that increases the weight of the gallbladder of the pit viper and optimizes the bile acid composition, the steps of which include:

[0013] Fish oil and egg yolk powder are emulsified with water, then chick meal is added, and finally taurine, compound vitamin premix and calcium carbonate are added and mixed thoroughly until a paste is formed to obtain the compound feed that increases the weight of the gallbladder of the sharp-nosed viper and optimizes the bile acid composition.

[0014] Furthermore, the temperature of the mixing and emulsification is 40-50°C.

[0015] Optionally, the temperature of the mixing and emulsification is 40°C.

[0016] The third technical solution of the present invention is to provide an application of the above-mentioned compound feed that increases the gallbladder weight and optimizes the bile acid composition of the sharp-nosed viper in the breeding of sharp-nosed vipers.

[0017] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0018] The egg yolk powder of this invention is rich in lecithin, emulsified fish oil improves the bioavailability of Omega-3, promotes the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids, taurine combines with bile acids to form taurocholic acid, the crude fat in it activates liver bile secretion, increases the wet weight of the gallbladder of the sharp-nosed viper, and the final paste can protect the heat-sensitive components from being destroyed.

[0019] The compound feed prepared by this invention can significantly increase the dry / wet weight of the gallbladder and the proportion of the dry and wet weight of the gallbladder to the total weight of the snake when used for breeding of pit vipers, as well as increase the proportion of taurine and the total amount of bile acids. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram for preparing compound feed according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 The difference in effectiveness between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 for breeding sharp-nosed vipers.

[0023] Figure 3 The total chromatogram of bile acid components in the feed-raised pit viper of Example 1 is shown.

[0024] Figure 4 The chromatogram of taurine from the feed-raised pit viper in Example 1 is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0027] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0028] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0029] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials and reagents involved in the specific embodiments of the present invention are all commercially available products. Among them, the chick powder is obtained by crushing commercially available frozen chicks into powder.

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, room temperature and normal temperature in the specific embodiments of this invention refer to 20-30℃.

[0032] It should be noted that any aspects not described in detail in this invention are conventional practices in the field and are not the focus of this invention.

[0033] In some specific embodiments, the present invention provides a compound feed for increasing the gallbladder weight and optimizing the bile acid composition of the pit viper, wherein each 1 kg of compound feed comprises:

[0034] Chick meal 550-650g, egg yolk powder 130-170g, fish oil 35-45g, taurine 4-6g, compound vitamin premix 14-16g, calcium carbonate 18-22g and water 150-190g;

[0035] Each 1 kg of the compound vitamin premix contains 73.88 g of pantothenic acid, 17.64 g of vitamin B1 (calculated as thiamine), 47.14 mg of vitamin B12, 18.16 g of vitamin B2, 17.86 g of vitamin B6 (calculated as pyridoxine), 219.30 g of niacin, and 5910.28 mg of folic acid.

[0036] The vitamin E content in multivitamin premixes is higher than that in conventional premixes, which can significantly prevent lipid peroxidation; calcium carbonate can balance the problem of high phosphorus; taurine can promote bile salt synthesis; the main component of fish oil is Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, of which the content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is ≥30%; egg yolk powder is rich in lecithin, which can promote lipid emulsification.

[0037] In some specific embodiments, the present invention provides a method for preparing a compound feed that increases the weight of the gallbladder of the pit viper and optimizes the bile acid composition, the steps of which include:

[0038] Fish oil and egg yolk powder are emulsified with warm water at 40-50℃, then chick powder is added, and finally taurine, compound vitamin premix and calcium carbonate are added and mixed thoroughly until a paste is formed to obtain the compound feed that increases the weight of the gallbladder of the sharp-nosed viper and optimizes the bile acid composition.

[0039] The moisture content of the paste-like compound feed is about 35%, which can protect the heat-sensitive components from being destroyed.

[0040] The compound feed prepared by the above proportions and methods has the following nutritional composition: crude protein ≥ 48%, crude fat approximately 16%, ash ≤ 9%, and moisture approximately 35%.

[0041] The nutritional composition of feed is one of the key factors affecting the yield and quality of snake bile. The main active component of snake bile is bile acids, which are synthesized from cholesterol and lipids in the feed. If the fat and cholesterol content in the feed is too low, it will limit the synthesis of bile acids, resulting in less bile and insufficient active components. Conversely, if the fat content in the feed is too high, the snake may become obese, potentially leading to fatty liver, which in turn affects the quality of bile. Therefore, this invention adds a certain amount of fat to the feed composition to ensure the supply of bile acid precursors and improves the bioavailability of Omega-3 by emulsifying fish oil with lecithin, thereby achieving the dual effect of increasing the weight of pit viper bile and optimizing the bile acid composition.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] The preparation steps of the compound feed for increasing the gallbladder weight and optimizing the bile acid composition of the pit viper include:

[0044] S1. Prepare the raw materials for 1 kg of compound feed according to the following ratio:

[0045] 600g chick meal, 150g egg yolk powder, 40g fish oil (EPA+DHA=32%), 5g taurine, 15g multivitamin premix, 20g calcium carbonate, and 170g water.

[0046] Each 1 kg of the compound vitamin premix contains 73.88 g of pantothenic acid, 17.64 g of vitamin B1 (calculated as thiamine), 47.14 mg of vitamin B12, 18.16 g of vitamin B2, 17.86 g of vitamin B6 (calculated as pyridoxine), 219.30 g of niacin, and 5910.28 mg of folic acid.

[0047] S2. Mix and emulsify fish oil and egg yolk powder with 40°C water, then add chick powder, and finally add taurine, compound vitamin premix and calcium carbonate. Mix thoroughly until it becomes a paste to obtain a compound feed that increases the weight of the gallbladder of the sharp-nosed viper and optimizes the bile acid composition.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that the raw materials for each kg of compound feed in step S1 include:

[0050] 590g chick meal, 155g egg yolk powder, 43g fish oil, 5g taurine, 15g multivitamin premix, 20g calcium carbonate, and 172g water.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that the raw materials for each kg of compound feed in step S1 include:

[0053] 610g chick meal, 145g egg yolk powder, 37g fish oil, 5g taurine, 15g multivitamin premix, 20g calcium carbonate, and 168g water.

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] The preparation steps for sharp-nosed viper feed include:

[0056] S1. Prepare the raw materials for 1 kg of compound feed according to the following ratio:

[0057] 700g of chick meal, 15g of multivitamin premix, 20g of calcium carbonate, and 265g of water;

[0058] Each 1 kg of the compound vitamin premix contains 73.88 g of pantothenic acid, 17.64 g of vitamin B1 (calculated as thiamine), 47.14 mg of vitamin B12, 18.16 g of vitamin B2, 17.86 g of vitamin B6 (calculated as pyridoxine), 219.30 g of niacin, and 5910.28 mg of folic acid.

[0059] S2. After mixing the chick powder with 40℃ water evenly, add the compound vitamin premix and calcium carbonate, and mix thoroughly until it becomes a paste to obtain the compound feed.

[0060] Test case

[0061] The raw material ratios of the technical solutions shown in Examples 1-3 of this invention are all within the scope defined by this invention, and the technical effects they can achieve are similar. The feeds prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are used as examples for illustration below:

[0062] Select healthy 12-month-old sharp-nosed vipers of similar weight, 10 in each group, and feed them for 2 months. Feed them compound feed (Example 1 and Comparative Example 1) once every 7 days, 50g each time, and fast them for 7 days before collecting the gallbladder.

[0063] At the end of the 2-month experiment, the gallbladder was collected and weighed wet. After being air-dried according to the method in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the dry weight was also collected, and the moisture content and dry weight ratio were calculated. The dried snake gallbladder was pulverized and bile acids were determined. The bile acids were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), and the bile acid concentration and taurocholic acid ratio were calculated. The results of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1.

[0064] Table 1

[0065] index Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Statistical significance Gallbladder wet weight (g) 6.77±1.88 1.41±1.28 t=7.43,p<0.001 Gallbladder dry weight (g) 1.09±0.32 0.21±0.19 t=7.31,p<0.001 Dry weight percentage (%) 16.27±3.58 14.92±2.47 t = 0.98, p = 0.34 Moisture content (%) 83.73±3.58 85.08±2.46 t = 0.98, p = 0.34 Snake's weight (kg) at the time of gallbladder extraction 0.98±0.36 0.88±0.23 t = 0.77, p = 0.45 Snake gallbladder wet weight / body weight (%) 0.72±0.14 0.17±0.16 t=7.84,p<0.001 Snake gallbladder dry weight / body weight (%) 0.12±0.04 0.03±0.02 t=6.34,p<0.001 Bile acid concentration (mg / g) 11.89±3.08 7.56±3.17 t = 3.09, p = 0.006 Taurocholic acid concentration (mg / g) 9.97±2.80 4.77±2.98 t = 4.02, p = 0.001 Taurocholic acid percentage (%) 83.54±3.31 58.50±17.31 t = 4.49, p = 0.001

[0066] For the validation data, the initial data are expressed as standard values ​​± standard deviation. The statistical significance test was performed using the independent samples t-test in SPSS software. The significance of the difference was set as p < 0.05, and p < 0.01 was considered to be extremely significant.

[0067] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the wet weight of the gallbladder, the dry weight of the gallbladder, and the ratio of the gallbladder to the snake body weight in Example 1 were all significantly higher than those in Comparative Example 1, indicating that the feed in Example 1 significantly increased the yield of Viper gallbladder. The concentration of bile acids, the concentration of taurocholic acid, and the proportion of taurocholic acid in Example 1 were all significantly higher than those in Comparative Example 1. Since bile acids and taurocholic acid are the core effective components in snake gallbladder, this result indicates that the feed in Example 1 significantly changed the composition of bile acids and improved the quality of Viper gallbladder.

[0068] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram for preparing compound feed according to the present invention.

[0069] Figure 2 The difference in effectiveness between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 for breeding sharp-nosed vipers.

[0070] Figure 3 The total chromatogram of bile acid components in the feed-raised pit viper of Example 1 is shown.

[0071] Figure 4 The chromatogram of taurine from the feed-raised pit viper in Example 1 is shown.

[0072] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0073] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A compound feed for increasing the gallbladder weight and optimizing the bile acid composition of the pit viper, characterized in that, Each 1kg of compound feed contains the following components: 550-650g of chick meal, 130-170g of egg yolk powder, 35-45g of fish oil, 4-6g of taurine, 14-16g of compound vitamin premix, 18-22g of calcium carbonate, and 150-190g of water.

2. The compound feed for increasing the weight of the gallbladder and optimizing the bile acid composition of the pit viper as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each 1kg of compound feed contains the following components: Ingredients: 600g chick meal, 150g egg yolk powder, 40g fish oil, 5g taurine, 15g multivitamin premix, 20g calcium carbonate, and 170g water.

3. The compound feed for increasing the weight of the gallbladder and optimizing the bile acid composition of the pit viper as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Each 1kg of multivitamin premix contains 73.88g pantothenic acid, 17.64g vitamin B1, 47.14mg vitamin B12, 18.16g vitamin B2, 17.86g vitamin B6, 219.30g niacin, and 5910.28mg folic acid.

4. A method for preparing a compound feed for increasing the weight of gallbladder and optimizing the bile acid composition of *Viper terrestris* as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the steps include... include: Fish oil and egg yolk powder are emulsified with water, then chick meal is added, and finally taurine, compound vitamin premix and calcium carbonate are added and mixed thoroughly until a paste is formed to obtain the compound feed that increases the weight of the gallbladder of the sharp-nosed viper and optimizes the bile acid composition.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The temperature for mixing and emulsifying is 40-50℃.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The temperature for mixing and emulsifying is 40°C.

7. The application of the compound feed according to any one of claims 1-3, which increases the gallbladder weight and optimizes the bile acid composition of the sharp-nosed viper, in the breeding of sharp-nosed vipers.

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