Abalone feed with gulfweed powder partially replacing kelp powder and preparation method of abalone feed

Abstract

The invention discloses abalone feed with gulfweed powder partially replacing kelp powder and a preparation method of the abalone feed, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation. The abalone feed is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight based on the total weight of the feed: 10% of gulfweed powder, 20% of kelp powder, 20% of high gluten flour, 20% of soybean meal, 20% of shell powder, 20% of fish meal, 10% of soybean protein concentrate, 10% of flour, 10% of monocalcium phosphate, 20% of choline chloride, 10% of fish oil, 10% of soybean oil, 10% of vitamin premix and 10% of mineral premix. By reasonably designing the proportion of the gulfweed powder and the kelp powder in the abalone feed formula, the feed preparation cost and abalone feeding cost can be effectively saved, meanwhile, the abalone feed has no significant influence on abalone growth, and healthy and sustainable development of marine fishery resources is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aquaculture technology, specifically relating to an abalone feed in which Sargassum powder partially replaces kelp powder and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Abalone belongs to the phylum Mollusca, class Gastropoda, family Haliotidae, and genus Haliotidae. Haliotis Abalone, hailed as the crown jewel of seafood delicacies, is a high-protein, low-fat seafood that meets modern consumers' demands. China's abalone farming industry began to emerge in the 1970s and has since developed into one of the most important abalone-producing countries. The scale of abalone farming in my country has experienced explosive growth, mainly concentrated in Fujian, Shandong, and Guangdong provinces. In 2024, the national abalone production reached 251,900 tons, of which Fujian Province accounted for 202,000 tons, approximately 80% of the total national production, with a value exceeding 20 billion yuan. The expansion of the abalone farming industry has spurred the rapid development of related sectors, including abalone farming equipment research and development, operation and maintenance, marine aquaculture, feed supply, cold chain logistics, and seafood sales and processing, forming a complete industrial chain and creating significant economic, social, and ecological benefits.

[0003] kelp( Laminaria japonica Kelp (Phaeophyta) is a large edible algae belonging to the Phaeophyta phylum. It is widely cultivated in my country and is the most commonly used feed algae in abalone farming. However, the large-scale use of fresh seaweed in abalone farming also has some drawbacks, such as seasonal supply limitations and the ease with which pathogens can be introduced. In the event of a large-scale outbreak of kelp diseases, the supply of fresh kelp feed for abalone will be severely affected. The large-scale use of kelp powder in abalone feed poses a challenge to reducing abalone farming costs and improving the stability of the industry.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop abalone feed formulas that combine low cost and high quality to effectively replace kelp powder in traditional formulas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the problems existing in the background art, the purpose of this invention is to provide an abalone feed in which Sargassum powder can partially replace kelp powder and a method for preparing the same.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical approach: A type of abalone feed in which Sargassum powder partially replaces kelp powder, the abalone feed comprising the following raw materials as a percentage of total feed weight: Sargassum powder, kelp powder, high-gluten flour, soybean meal, shell powder, fish meal, soy protein concentrate, flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, fish oil, soybean oil, vitamin premix, and mineral premix, wherein Sargassum powder accounts for 10% and kelp powder accounts for 20%.

[0007] Furthermore, the other raw materials of the abalone feed are: 23% high gluten flour, 18% soybean meal, 8% shell powder, 7% fish meal, 5% soybean protein concentrate, 4% wheat flour, 2% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% choline chloride, 0.6% fish oil, 0.3% soybean oil, 1% vitamin premix, and 1% mineral premix.

[0008] Furthermore, the vitamin premix is ​​composed of 3 g vitamin A, 12 g vitamin B1, 10 g vitamin B2, 80 g vitamin B3, 20 g vitamin B5, 4 g vitamin B6, 400 g vitamin B8, 3 g vitamin B9, 18 mg vitamin B12, 100 g vitamin C, 5 mg vitamin D3, 45 g vitamin E, 1.2 g vitamin H, 8 g vitamin K3, and cellulose filler per 1000 g of vitamin premix.

[0009] Furthermore, the mineral premix is ​​composed of 13 g sodium chloride, 200 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 333 g sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, 426 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100 g ferric citrate, 4.71 g zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 13 mg cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 400 mg potassium iodate, 2.16 g manganese sulfate dihydrate, 0.4 g copper sulfate pentahydrate, 20 mg sodium selenite pentahydrate, and zeolite powder as filler per 1000 g.

[0010] Furthermore, by weight percentage, the nutritional composition of the aforementioned low-cost abalone feed includes: crude protein 29.42%, fat 3.63%, ash 16.9%, and moisture 5.34%.

[0011] A method for preparing the above-mentioned abalone feed includes the following specific steps: S1. Crush the solid raw materials in the formula through an 80-mesh sieve beforehand, and mix the fish oil and soybean oil thoroughly according to the formula ratio; S2. Accurately weigh the solid raw materials according to the formula, mix the various feed ingredients in order of increasing specific gravity, add the mixture of fish oil and soybean oil, mix thoroughly and sieve, then add 40% water and mix thoroughly to make a soft dough. S3. Use a tablet press to flatten the dough to a thickness of 1-3 mm, and then cut it into square feed pieces; S4. The above-mentioned feed blocks are cooked and dried to obtain abalone feed.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S3, the side length of the square is 3~5cm.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S4, the aging temperature is 80~100 ℃, the aging time is 20~40 min, and the drying temperature is 55 ℃, drying until the moisture content is ≤10%.

[0014] The abalone feed prepared in the above manner can be used in abalone farming.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) The growth cycle of natural large Sargassum is relatively short, only 20-30 days. Therefore, Sargassum powder can be used as a high-quality abalone feed ingredient with sufficient and stable supply and low price to partially replace kelp powder, so as to achieve large-scale production.

[0016] 2) The feed formula of this invention is nutritionally balanced. By partially replacing kelp powder with Sargassum powder, the amount of kelp powder used in the feed is reduced, which can reduce the cost of abalone feed preparation and abalone farming. At the same time, the feed has no significant adverse effects on abalone survival rate, growth, nutritional components and intestinal tissue, which can promote the healthy development of abalone farming. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 The effects of abalone feed prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 on the morphology of abalone intestinal tissue. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained below through embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited in any way by the embodiments.

[0019] All the nutrients in the abalone formula of this invention are commercially available. This invention provides a detailed description of each nutrient, which can be considered as a preferred technical solution, a further preferred technical solution, or the most preferred technical solution of this invention.

[0020] Sargassum powder (crude protein 20%-24%, crude fat 0.8%-1.2%), kelp powder (crude protein 12%-14%, crude fat 0.6%-0.8%), high-gluten flour (crude protein 12%-14%, crude fat 0.7%-1.5%), soybean meal (crude protein 43%-47%, crude fat 1.1%-1.5%), shell powder (calcium carbonate content over 95%), fish meal (crude protein 63%-68%, crude fat 7%-8%), soybean protein concentrate (crude protein 68%-73%, crude fat 0.4%-0.6%), flour (food grade), calcium dihydrogen phosphate (feed grade), choline chloride (feed grade), fish oil (food grade), and soybean oil (food grade) were all purchased from Fuzhou Haima Feed Co., Ltd.

[0021] Each 1000 g of the vitamin premix is ​​composed of 3 g vitamin A, 12 g vitamin B1, 10 g vitamin B2, 80 g vitamin B3, 20 g vitamin B5, 4 g vitamin B6, 400 g vitamin B8, 3 g vitamin B9, 18 mg vitamin B12, 100 g vitamin C, 5 mg vitamin D3, 45 g vitamin E, 1.2 g vitamin H, 8 g vitamin K3, and cellulose filler.

[0022] Each 1000g of the mineral premix is ​​composed of 13g sodium chloride, 200g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 333g sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, 426g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100g ferric citrate, 4.71g zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 13mg cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 400mg potassium iodate, 2.16g manganese sulfate dihydrate, 0.4g copper sulfate pentahydrate, 20mg sodium selenite pentahydrate, and zeolite powder as filler.

[0023] Comparative Example 1 This embodiment prepares abalone feed with a traditional high kelp powder content (without using other protein sources to replace kelp powder). The formula of the abalone feed is as follows, based on the weight percentage of the total feed: 30% kelp powder, 23% high-gluten flour, 18% soybean meal, 8% shell powder, 7% fish meal, 5% soybean protein concentrate, 4% flour, 2% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% choline chloride, 0.6% fish oil, 0.3% soybean oil, 1% vitamin premix, and 1% mineral premix.

[0024] The preparation method of the abalone feed is as follows: S1. Crush the solid raw materials in the formula through an 80-mesh sieve beforehand, and mix the fish oil and soybean oil thoroughly according to the formula ratio; S2. Accurately weigh the solid raw materials according to the formula, mix the various feed ingredients in order of increasing specific gravity, add the mixture of fish oil and soybean oil, mix thoroughly and sieve, then add water (converted to volume at a density of 1 kg / L) equal to about 40% of the weight of the mixture and mix thoroughly to make a soft dough. S3. Use a tablet press to flatten the dough to about 2 mm thick, then cut it into square feed pieces of about 4 cm x 4 cm.

[0025] S4. Cook the feed blocks at 90 ℃ for 30 min, and then dry them at 55 ℃ until the moisture content is ≤10% to obtain abalone feed.

[0026] Example 1 In this embodiment, 10% of Sargassum powder is used to replace part of the kelp powder in the preparation of abalone feed. The formula of the abalone feed is as follows, based on the weight percentage of the total feed: 20% kelp powder, 10% Sargassum powder, 23% high-gluten flour, 18% soybean meal, 8% shell powder, 7% fish meal, 5% soybean protein concentrate, 4% flour, 2% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% choline chloride, 0.6% fish oil, 0.3% soybean oil, 1% vitamin premix, and 1% mineral premix.

[0027] The preparation method of the abalone feed is as follows: S1. Crush the solid raw materials in the formula through an 80-mesh sieve beforehand, and mix the fish oil and soybean oil thoroughly according to the formula ratio; S2. Accurately weigh the solid raw materials according to the formula, mix the various feed ingredients in order of increasing specific gravity, add the mixture of fish oil and soybean oil, mix thoroughly and sieve, then add water (converted to volume at a density of 1 kg / L) equal to about 40% of the weight of the mixture and mix thoroughly to make a soft dough. S3. Use a tablet press to flatten the dough to about 2 mm thick, then cut it into square feed pieces of about 4 cm x 4 cm.

[0028] S4. Cook the feed blocks at 90 ℃ for 30 min, and then dry them at 55 ℃ until the moisture content is ≤10% to obtain abalone feed.

[0029] Example 2 In this embodiment, 20% of the seaweed powder is replaced with Sargassum powder to prepare abalone feed. The abalone feed formula is as follows, based on the weight percentage of the total feed: 10% seaweed powder, 20% Sargassum powder, 23% high-gluten flour, 18% soybean meal, 8% shell powder, 7% fish meal, 5% soybean protein concentrate, 4% flour, 2% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% choline chloride, 0.6% fish oil, 0.3% soybean oil, 1% vitamin premix, and 1% mineral premix.

[0030] The preparation method of the abalone feed is the same as that in Example 1.

[0031] Example 3 In this embodiment, Sargassum powder completely replaces kelp powder in the preparation of abalone feed. The abalone feed formula, based on the weight percentage of the total feed, is as follows: Sargassum powder 30%, high-gluten flour 23%, soybean meal 18%, shell powder 8%, fish meal 7%, soybean protein concentrate 5%, flour 4%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, choline chloride 0.1%, fish oil 0.6%, soybean oil 0.3%, vitamin premix 1%, and mineral premix 1%.

[0032] The preparation method of the abalone feed is the same as that in Example 1.

[0033] The feed formulations and their nutritional composition described in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1.

[0034] Table 1. Raw material ratios for abalone feed prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 Example 4: Verification of the feeding effect of abalone feed 168 abalone with an initial weight of 34.48 ± 1.98 g were randomly assigned to hexagonal abalone cages (580 × 120 cm) in a seawater net cage. 3 Each replicate consisted of 14 abalone, with 3 replicates forming a treatment group. Abalone were randomly assigned to be fed the abalone diets from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1. The culture experiment lasted for 8 weeks, with feeding every two days at 6:30 AM. Feeding and growth status of abalone in each cage were recorded. After the experiment, survival rate was calculated, body weight of each abalone was measured, and weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency were calculated. Muscle samples were collected to determine nutrient composition; hepatopancreatic tissue was collected to determine digestive enzyme activity; intestinal tissue sections were prepared and observed under an optical microscope.

[0035] Table 2 shows the abalone survival rate, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio of the treatment groups in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1. The results show that there was no significant difference in survival rate among the treatment groups in Comparative Example 1 to Example 3; the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of Comparative Example 1 were significantly higher than those of the treatment group in Example 3. P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences compared to the other two groups ( P >0.05); the feed conversion ratio of the treatment group in Example 3 was significantly higher than that in Examples 1 and 2 ( P <0.05).

[0036] Table 2. Effects of abalone feed prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 on abalone growth performance and feed utilization. Note: Different letters in the same column of the table represent significant differences. P <0.05), the same applies below.

[0037] Table 3 shows the nutrient content of abalone muscle in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1. The results show that there were no significant differences in moisture and ash content among Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1. P >0.05), the crude protein content of Example 2 was significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1 ( P <0.05), but there was no significant difference compared to the other two groups. The crude fat content of Example 1 was not significantly different from that of Comparative Example 1 ( P >0.05), and all were significantly lower than those in the treatment group of Example 3 ( P <0.05).

[0038] Table 3. Effects of abalone feed prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 on the nutritional composition of abalone muscle. Table 4 shows the activities of digestive enzymes in the hepatopancreas of abalone treated in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1. The results showed no significant difference in the activities of trypsin, lipase, and α-amylase between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. P >0.05). The trypsin and lipase activities in the control group 1 were significantly higher than those in the control group 3 (Example 3). P <0.05); The α-amylase activity in the treatment group of Example 1 was significantly higher than that in the treatment group of Example 3 ( P <0.05).

[0039] Table 4. Effects of abalone feed prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 on abalone digestive enzymes. Figure 1 The effects of the abalone feed prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 on the intestinal morphology of abalone were investigated. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the thickness of the intestinal basal layer, the villous intestinal tract, and the width between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1, while the intestinal structure of Examples 2 and 3 was severely damaged.

[0040] The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An abalone feed in which Sargassum powder partially replaces kelp powder, characterized in that: The abalone feed is composed of the following raw materials as a percentage of the total weight of the feed: Sargassum powder, kelp powder, high-gluten flour, soybean meal, shell powder, fish meal, soybean protein concentrate, flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, fish oil, soybean oil, vitamin premix, and mineral premix, wherein Sargassum powder accounts for 10% and kelp powder accounts for 20%.

2. The abalone feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The other ingredients in the abalone feed are as follows: 23% high-gluten flour, 18% soybean meal, 8% shell powder, 7% fish meal, 5% soybean protein concentrate, 4% wheat flour, 2% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% choline chloride, 0.6% fish oil, 0.3% soybean oil, 1% vitamin premix, and 1% mineral premix.

3. The abalone feed according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: The vitamin premix is ​​composed of 3 g vitamin A, 12 g vitamin B1, 10 g vitamin B2, 80 g vitamin B3, 20 g vitamin B5, 4 g vitamin B6, 400 g vitamin B8, 3 g vitamin B9, 18 mg vitamin B12, 100 g vitamin C, 5 mg vitamin D3, 45 g vitamin E, 1.2 g vitamin H, 8 g vitamin K3, and cellulose filler per 1000 g.

4. The abalone feed according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: The mineral premix is ​​composed of 13 g sodium chloride, 200 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 333 g sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, 426 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100 g ferric citrate, 4.71 g zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 13 mg cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 400 mg potassium iodate, 2.16 g manganese sulfate dihydrate, 0.4 g copper sulfate pentahydrate, 20 mg sodium selenite pentahydrate, and zeolite powder as filler per 1000 g.

5. The abalone feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutritional composition of the abalone feed, by weight percentage, includes: 29.42% crude protein, 3.63% fat, 16.9% ash, and 5.34% moisture.

6. A method for preparing abalone feed as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The specific steps include the following: S1. Crush the solid raw materials in the formula through an 80-mesh sieve beforehand, and mix the fish oil and soybean oil evenly according to the formula ratio; S2. Mix the various feed ingredients in order of increasing weight, then add the mixture of fish oil and soybean oil, mix well and sieve, then add 40% water and mix well to form a dough. S3. Use a tablet press to flatten the dough to a thickness of 1-3 mm, then cut it into square feed pieces; S4. The above-mentioned feed blocks are cooked and dried to obtain abalone feed.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, the side length of the square is 3~5cm.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the aging temperature is 80~100 ℃, the aging time is 20~40 min, and the drying temperature is 55 ℃, until the moisture content is ≤10%.

9. The application of the abalone feed as described in claim 1 in abalone farming.

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