Method for interplanting gastrodia elata under tea trees

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of gastrodia elata planting, in particular to a method for interplanting gastrodia elata under tea trees. The method for interplanting gastrodia elata under tea trees comprises the following steps that gastrodia elata interplanting grooves are dug between every two rows of tea trees; non-woven fabric layers cover the side walls, close to the tea trees, of the two sides of the gastrodia elata Humus soil, fungus materials, humus soil, seed gastrodia elata, humus soil and a mixture of straw and pine needles are sequentially laid in the gastrodia elata interplanting grooves from bottom to top. Coco coir layers are arranged between the side walls, close to the tea trees, of the two sides of the gastrodia elata interplanting groove and the non-woven fabric A mixed cushion layer is further arranged below the humus soil at the bottommost layer in the gastrodia elata interplanting groove; and the quality of the fungus material is improved through the armillaria mellea nutrient solution. For interplanting gastrodia elata under tea trees, an efficient interplanting system is constructed through a multi-dimensional technology, the yield of gastrodia elata is increased, and the quality of gastrodia elata is improved. According to the technical scheme, the technical problem that the yield and quality of gastrodia elata products obtained through an existing gastrodia elata interplanting technology under tea trees cannot meet the requirements can be solved, and the method has ideal application and popularization value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Gastrodia elata cultivation technology, specifically to a method for intercropping Gastrodia elata under tea trees. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of three-dimensional agriculture, the intercropping of tea trees with Gastrodia elata has become an important direction for agricultural development in mountainous areas due to its efficient use of land resources and increased economic returns per unit area. As a crop with both medicinal and edible uses, the market value of Gastrodia elata depends not only on the yield of fresh or dried products, but also on the content of active ingredients such as gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol in its tubers, and must meet relevant quality standards. However, current practices of intercropping tea trees with Gastrodia elata generally suffer from unstable yields and substandard quality. Many batches have yields far below ideal levels, and the content of active ingredients in some batches even fails to meet the demands of the medicinal or high-end consumer markets, severely hindering the industrialization and sustainable development of this intercropping model.

[0003] The core reason for the low yield and quality of Gastrodia elata lies in the fact that existing intercropping techniques have failed to effectively coordinate the growth conflict between tea trees and Gastrodia elata, and lack key regulatory means for the growth and accumulation of functional substances in Gastrodia elata. In intercropping models, tea trees and Gastrodia elata have a natural competitive relationship in the utilization of resources such as soil nutrients, light, and water, and existing technologies lack scientific competitive control measures. As a perennial woody crop, tea trees have a strong root absorption capacity and easily compete with Gastrodia elata for nutrients in the soil, affecting the growth of Gastrodia elata tubers. If the shading effect of the tea tree canopy is not properly controlled, excessive shading will hinder the metabolic process of Gastrodia elata, while insufficient shading will easily cause the tubers of Gastrodia elata to age due to strong light. Existing technologies are insufficient in regulating the soil microenvironment required for the growth of Gastrodia elata, making it difficult to support the stable symbiosis between Gastrodia elata and symbiotic fungi. The growth of Gastrodia elata depends entirely on the symbiotic relationship with Armillaria mellea, but in existing intercropping models, most growers directly use the original soil of the tea garden without optimizing soil conditions for the symbiotic system. The unreasonable soil structure easily leads to the obstruction of Armillaria mellea mycelial extension, making it impossible to form a complete nutrient supply network. Meanwhile, existing technologies for managing the Gastrodia elata symbiotic system are relatively extensive, further exacerbating yield and quality issues. Gastrodia elata growth involves multiple stages, each relying on the synergistic action of different microorganisms. Current technologies fail to effectively coordinate the growth rhythms of germinating fungi and Armillaria mellea, resulting in low seed germination rates and insufficient initial seedling numbers. The quality of symbiotic fungal strains is not guaranteed; some strains have weak activity and poor infectivity, easily causing uneven tuber growth. Regarding environmental stress response, if scientific control measures are not implemented for high summer temperatures and low winter temperatures, it can lead to metabolic disorders and tuber damage, affecting not only current yield and quality but also reducing the germination rate of subsequent plantings, creating a vicious cycle.

[0004] In summary, the existing intercropping technology of Gastrodia elata in tea gardens has many shortcomings, and targeted technical solutions are urgently needed to achieve simultaneous improvement in the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a method for intercropping Gastrodia elata under tea trees, in order to solve the technical problem that the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata products obtained by existing intercropping techniques under tea trees cannot meet the demand.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this technical solution proposes a method for intercropping Gastrodia elata under tea trees. The method involves digging intercropping trenches between each row of tea trees; covering the side walls of the trenches near the tea trees with a layer of non-woven fabric; and laying humus, fungal material, humus, Gastrodia elata seed, humus, and a mixture of rice straw and pine needles in the intercropping trenches from bottom to top.

[0007] Furthermore, the fungal material is prepared by the following method: Fresh branches of the oak tree are selected as the raw material for the fungal material. Branches with a diameter of 4-6 cm are selected and cut into small sections. Fish scale-like cuts are made on the surface of the branches every 2-3 cm along the length direction. Then, the branches are soaked in boiling water and air-dried naturally. Then, Armillaria mellea nutrient solution is injected into the fish scale cuts. After drying, each fish scale cut is pried open, Armillaria mellea inoculum is filled in, and the inoculum is pressed to ensure close contact between the Armillaria mellea inoculum and the wood to obtain the fungal material.

[0008] Furthermore, the Armillaria mellea nutrient solution contains 10% sucrose, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1% vitamin B1.

[0009] Furthermore, the Armillaria mellea strain is obtained by the following method: Armillaria mellea A9 is cultured in PDA medium to obtain Armillaria mellea liquid culture; the Armillaria mellea liquid culture is inoculated into a cultivation substrate and cultured to obtain Armillaria mellea strain; The cultivation substrate is obtained by the following method: cottonseed hulls and corn cobs are crushed and dried separately, and then sawdust is added; after soaking in water and filtering, potato juice and glucose are added to obtain a planting mixture; the planting mixture is added to a culture container and water is added to obtain the cultivation substrate; potato juice is obtained by the following method: fresh potatoes are cut into pieces, boiled in water and then filtered to obtain juice.

[0010] Furthermore, the seed hemp is obtained by the following method: a 4-6 cm thick layer of soil is laid, and then the mycelium is laid flat on it with adjacent mycelium pieces spaced 1-2 cm apart; the Gastrodia elata seeds that have been soaked for 8 hours are evenly sown; chopped Osmanthus fragrans spawn is added; a 2 cm thick layer of fine soil is covered; and the seed hemp is obtained through cultivation.

[0011] Furthermore, a layer of coconut coir is provided between the side walls of the intercropping trench near the tea tree and the non-woven fabric layer.

[0012] Furthermore, a mixed cushion layer is set below the bottom layer of humus soil in the intercropping trench of Gastrodia elata; the mixed cushion layer is made of wood chips, biochar and volcanic rock in a mass ratio of 3:2:1; the biochar is activated by soaking in 0.5% phosphoric acid solution for 24 hours before use.

[0013] Furthermore, the row spacing between each tea tree is 1.8 meters, and the plant spacing between tea trees is 0.5 meters; the depth of the planting trench for Gastrodia elata is 30-35 centimeters, the width is 30-40 centimeters, and the length is consistent with the length of each row of tea trees.

[0014] Furthermore, the thickness of the coconut coir layer in the Gastrodia elata planting trench is 5 cm; the thickness of the mixed bedding layer laid at the bottom of the Gastrodia elata planting trench is 5 cm; and in the mixture of rice straw and pine needles, the mass ratio of rice straw to pine needles is 7:3, and the thickness is 5 cm.

[0015] Furthermore, in the planting trench of Gastrodia elata, the method of laying the fungal material is as follows: first, lay 30 cm long fungal material horizontally, maintaining a spacing of 1-2 cm; then lay 100 cm long fungal material vertically on top, maintaining a spacing of 1-2 cm.

[0016] The technical principle of this technical solution is as follows: This invention addresses the problems encountered in intercropping Gastrodia elata under tea trees by constructing an efficient intercropping system through multi-dimensional technological collaboration, thereby improving the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata. By setting a non-woven fabric isolation layer or a composite layer of coconut coir and non-woven fabric on the sidewalls of the Gastrodia elata planting trench, the system physically blocks the extension of tea tree roots into the Gastrodia elata planting area, avoiding competition for nutrients and water. Furthermore, the porous structure of coconut coir can absorb and slowly release water and nutrients. Combined with a mixed bedding layer of sawdust, biochar, and volcanic rock at the bottom of the trench, this optimizes the soil pore structure, improves aeration and drainage, and solves the problem of oxygen deficiency in Armillaria mellea mycelium caused by soil compaction in traditional intercropping. This provides a stable temperature, humidity, and aeration environment for the symbiotic relationship between Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea.

[0017] During the substrate preparation stage, the *Armillaria mellea* nutrient solution was injected and the culture medium formula was optimized to provide *Armillaria mellea* with sufficient carbon and nitrogen sources and trace elements, promoting robust mycelial growth. Simultaneously, the substrate was sterilized by boiling water and then air-dried to control moisture content, avoiding contamination by other microorganisms and improving the success rate of *Armillaria mellea* infecting *Gastrodia elata* seed bulbs. Furthermore, the mixing and sowing of *Osmunda japonica* spawn with fine soil during *Gastrodia elata* cultivation coordinated the growth rhythms of germinating fungi and *Armillaria mellea*, solving the problem of low seed germination rates caused by asynchronous activity between the two, thus laying a sufficient seedling foundation for *Gastrodia elata* growth.

[0018] To address the high temperatures in summer, a 50% shade net is used to regulate light intensity and temperature, preventing tuber aging caused by strong sunlight and the inhibition of metabolic enzyme activity by high temperatures. A mixed mulch layer of rice straw and pine needles also provides insulation and moisture retention. Simultaneously, the adsorption properties of biochar in the soil stabilize the soil pH, and the organic matter slowly released from coconut coir provides a suitable metabolic environment for the synthesis of gastrodia elata's active ingredients (gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol), promoting the accumulation of these active ingredients.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this technical solution are as follows: (1) Significantly improves the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata. Compared to traditional intercropping without an isolation layer, this invention achieves an upgrade in Gastrodia elata yield and significantly improves quality stability through the synergistic use of isolation layers, mixed bedding layers, and optimized fungal materials, thus meeting the stringent requirements of the pharmaceutical and high-end health product markets for the efficacy components of Gastrodia elata.

[0020] (2) Realize resource recycling In this invention, the coconut coir layer can be replaced annually and used as organic fertilizer for tea trees. The biochar is made from rice husks, and the covering layer uses rice straw and pine needles, all of which are agricultural waste or renewable resources. This reduces waste emissions while lowering the cost of using chemical fertilizers and new materials.

[0021] (3) The technology is easy to industrialize and promote. The materials used in this invention (non-woven fabric, coconut coir, biochar, etc.) are readily available, and the operational steps (trench excavation, substrate preparation, and environmental control) can be integrated with existing tea garden management processes, requiring no complex equipment investment and are easy for farmers to master. Furthermore, the technical solution can be flexibly adjusted according to different altitudes and soil conditions, exhibiting strong adaptability and facilitating large-scale application in mountainous tea gardens, thereby promoting the economic benefits of three-dimensional agriculture. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following embodiments and experimental examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the materials and reagents used are all commercially available. Unless otherwise specified, percentages in the text refer to mass percentages.

[0023] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method: Example 1 (1) Tea garden management Tea gardens with an average tree age of over 5 years were selected as the experimental base, and the tea cultivar planted was Yunnan Large-Leaf. The row spacing of the tea trees was controlled at approximately 1.8 meters to allow sufficient space for subsequent intercropping. The spacing between tea trees within the same row was approximately 0.5 meters. The tea garden is located at an altitude of approximately 1800 meters, with an average annual rainfall of approximately 1200 mm. The soil type is mainly mountain red soil, with a stable pH value around 5.5.

[0024] The cleaning work is carried out between the tea tree rows. First, weeds, dead branches and fallen leaves are thoroughly removed, and then planting trenches for Gastrodia elata are dug. During the work, the soil is first turned over to a depth of 50cm, and then planting pits (i.e., Gastrodia elata intercropping trenches) with a depth of about 30cm and a width of about 30cm are dug. The length of the trench is consistent with the length of the tea tree row. Along both sides of the trench, close to the tea trees, a 40cm wide agricultural non-woven fabric is laid as an isolation layer: the bottom of the isolation layer must be completely buried in the soil, and the top is fixed using conventional agricultural methods (such as driving in small wooden stakes to fix the edges of the non-woven fabric to the soil surface). Through double-sided fixing, the non-woven fabric is ensured to completely cover the side walls of the trench, thereby effectively preventing the tea tree roots from extending into the Gastrodia elata cultivation area, reducing resource competition and growth interference between the tea trees and Gastrodia elata (i.e., the side walls of the trench facing the adjacent tea trees are tightly covered with non-woven fabric).

[0025] (2) Preparation of Armillaria mellea strain Small pieces of healthy mycelial cord tissue were selected from commercially available Armillaria mellea A9 original culture plates and inoculated into standard PDA solid medium plates. After routine culture, a mother culture of Armillaria mellea was obtained. The mother culture was then cut into small pieces, and an appropriate amount of sterile water was added. The mixture was manually homogenized to form a uniform paste. Excess liquid was removed by filtration, yielding a mother culture suitable for inoculation. This mother culture was inoculated into PDA liquid medium at a 2% inoculation ratio. After routine culture in the dark, mycelial balls were collected, and the mixture was inoculated again at a 5% inoculation ratio and cultured to obtain a liquid Armillaria mellea culture suitable for cultivation.

[0026] The cultivation substrate formula includes: sawdust, cottonseed hulls, corn cobs, potato juice, and glucose. The sawdust, cottonseed hulls, and corn cobs are mixed in a mass ratio of 4:1:2. The potato juice and glucose are added at 5% and 0.5% of the total dry weight of the three main ingredients, respectively. The cottonseed hulls and corn cobs are separately crushed and dried until the moisture content is below 13%. Then, the two powders are thoroughly mixed with the sawdust, and soaked in twice the weight of sterile water for 12 hours. After filtering out excess water, potato juice (fresh potatoes cut into chunks, added to 10 times their weight of water, boiled for 60 minutes, and then filtered) and glucose are added, and stirred evenly to obtain the planting mixture. This mixture is poured into 1-liter culture bottles, filling them to 80% capacity, and then topped with sterile water equal to half the weight of the filling material (planting mixture). The mixture is then autoclaved at 121°C for 20 minutes and cooled before use.

[0027] Inoculate 100 ml of the prepared Armillaria mellea liquid culture (shake well before inoculation) into a sterilized culture bottle and incubate in a dark indoor environment at a temperature of around 20°C. Continue incubation for about 50 days, until the mycelium completely covers the culture medium, to obtain an Armillaria mellea culture suitable for making fungal materials.

[0028] (3) Cultivation of white hemp Fresh branches of the oak tree are selected as the substrate for mycelium cultivation. Branches with a diameter of 4–6 cm are cut into sections 30 cm and 60 cm long. Fish-scale-like incisions are made every 2–3 cm along the length of the branch surface. The treated wood sections are soaked in boiling water for 5 minutes, then removed, cooled, and air-dried. After sterilization, a *Armillaria mellea* nutrient solution (10% sucrose, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% vitamin B1, prepared with water) is injected into the fish-scale incisions. 1 mL is injected into each incision using a clean syringe. After air-drying for 2 hours, the inoculum is inoculated. Each fish-scale incision is then gently pried open with a knife, and a small amount of *Armillaria mellea* inoculum (*Armillaria mellea* culture) about the size of a little finger is inserted, pressing gently to ensure close contact. The prepared substrate should be used in the next stage as soon as possible.

[0029] Sowing begins in late October. First, lay a 4-6 cm layer of soil at the bottom of the planting box, then spread the mycelium material evenly on top, spacing adjacent pieces 1-2 cm apart. Evenly sow the *Gastrodia elata* seeds that have been soaked for 8 hours, at a rate of approximately 0.6 kg / m² (based on dry seed weight). Simultaneously, add chopped *Osmunda japonica* spawn (the germination fungus of *Gastrodia elata*, chopped and mixed evenly with five times its weight of fine soil before sowing, ensuring even distribution), at a rate of approximately 0.2 kg / m². Then cover with a 2 cm layer of fine soil. Regularly spray water as needed to maintain the substrate moisture content in the planting box at around 60%, and control the ambient temperature at around 25℃. After approximately 6 months of cultivation, the *Gastrodia elata* bulbs (i.e., underground tubers, commonly known as "white tubers") can be harvested.

[0030] (4) Intercropping of Gastrodia elata under forest canopy In late April of the following year, in the prepared trenches for planting Gastrodia elata in the tea garden, a layer of humus soil about 5 cm thick (formed from the long-term natural decomposition of fallen leaves and branches of the topsoil) was first laid. The prepared mycelium was arranged horizontally at the bottom of the trench (30 cm of mycelium, perpendicular to the length of the trench), with a spacing of 1–2 cm. Then, a layer of mycelium soil (100 cm of mycelium, along the length of the trench) was laid vertically on top, also spaced 1–2 cm apart. Next, humus soil was covered, with the soil surface extending about 2 cm above the mycelium soil layer. The Gastrodia elata seeds (white mycelium) were then evenly placed on the surface of the mycelium soil, with adjacent seeds spaced about 8 cm apart. After completion, about 5 cm of humus soil was backfilled, and watered appropriately. Finally, a 5 cm thick mixture of dry straw and pine needles was covered on the soil surface as an insulation and moisture-retaining layer. The ratio of straw to pine needles was 7:3; the straw provided short-term moisture retention, while the pine needles extended the effectiveness of the covering. Before covering, chop the straw into small pieces of 5-10 cm, keeping the pine needles intact, mix them together and spread them evenly.

[0031] During the planting period, routine field management is implemented, including water control, nutrient supplementation, and pest and disease control measures. During the high temperatures of summer (July and August), shade nets are erected above the planting furrows, with a shading rate controlled at 50%, and the net surface approximately 1.5 meters above the ground. After a growth cycle of about 7 months, mature Gastrodia elata tubers can be harvested.

[0032] (5) Detection of Gastrodia elata yield and active ingredients Twenty Gastrodia elata tubers were collected for the determination of the total content of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol. The detection method followed the quality standards section of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for Gastrodia elata. The total content of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol was calculated based on the mass fraction of the two substances on the dried product. The total content of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol was 0.42 ± 0.11% (mean ± standard deviation, n = 20), which is higher than the standard requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

[0033] Using the method described in this embodiment, the yield of fresh Gastrodia elata can reach 10.3 catties / m².

[0034] Example 2 This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that: "(1) Tea garden treatment" step.

[0035] The trench is approximately 40 cm wide, wider than in Example 1. The sidewalls of the trench facing the adjacent tea trees are first covered with a layer of coconut coir (approximately 5 cm thick), followed by a layer of non-woven fabric. The non-woven fabric layer helps to fix the shape of the coconut coir, preventing it from scattering into the Gastrodia elata planting area due to soil pressure or water erosion. The dense fibers of the coconut coir, combined with the non-woven fabric, provide a double barrier against tea tree roots intruding into the Gastrodia elata planting area. The trench used to accommodate the Gastrodia elata remains unchanged from Example 1. Coconut coir is a brownish organic medium produced during the processing of coconut husk fibers. The coconut coir layer both blocks tea tree roots and retains water and fertilizer. The coconut coir can be replaced annually and can be used as organic fertilizer for the tea trees.

[0036] In this embodiment, the total content of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol was 0.81 ± 0.08% (mean ± standard deviation, n = 20), which was significantly different from that in Example 1 (t-test, p < 0.05). The yield of fresh gastrodia elata could reach 12.7 catties / m².

[0037] Example 3 This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 2, except that: "(4) Intercropping under Gastrodia elata forest" step.

[0038] The depth of the trenches used for planting Gastrodia elata was increased to 35 cm. In the prepared trenches in the tea garden, a layer of mixed bedding about 5 cm thick was first laid, followed by a layer of humus about 5 cm thick. The mixed bedding layer consisted of wood chips, biochar, and volcanic rock in a 3:2:1 mass ratio. The biochar was made from rice husks and had a particle size of 2-5 mm. The biochar was soaked in a 0.5% phosphoric acid solution for 24 hours beforehand to activate its pore structure and enhance its nutrient adsorption capacity. The mixed bedding layer was used to improve drainage and aeration.

[0039] In this embodiment, the total content of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol was 1.19 ± 0.12% (mean ± standard deviation, n = 20), which was significantly different from that in Example 2 (t-test, p < 0.05). The yield of fresh gastrodia elata could reach 13.3 catties / m².

[0040] Biochar is prepared by the following method: Fresh, mold-free rice husks are selected as raw materials. Impurities such as dust, straw fragments, and stones are removed by manual sorting or by vibrating sieve (1mm mesh) to avoid affecting the purity and pore structure of the biochar. The biochar is then dried until the moisture content is reduced to below 10%.

[0041] The dried rice husks were evenly filled into the reaction chamber of the carbonization furnace, filling it to 70% of its volume. The temperature was increased from room temperature to 250°C at a rate of 5°C / min and held for 30 minutes. The temperature was then increased to 500°C at a rate of 5°C / min and held for 2 hours. During this time, the oxygen content in the furnace was strictly controlled to around 5% to ensure that the rice husks were slowly carbonized in an oxygen-limited environment, forming porous biochar.

[0042] After heating is complete, turn off the heating device of the carbonization furnace and introduce inert gas (nitrogen) at a flow rate of about 0.5 L / min to allow the biochar to cool naturally to room temperature inside the furnace. It is strictly forbidden to directly open the furnace door to allow it to come into contact with air, to prevent the high-temperature biochar from reacting with oxygen and undergoing secondary combustion, which could lead to carbon loss or structural damage. After carbonization, crush and screen the rice husks, controlling the particle size to 2-5 mm (≥90%).

[0043] Example 4 This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that: "(1) Tea garden treatment" step.

[0044] The trenches used for planting Gastrodia elata were not covered with a non-woven fabric layer on the walls near the tea trees; otherwise, they were completely identical to those in Example 1. In this example, the total content of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol was 0.27 ± 0.04% (mean ± standard deviation, n = 20), which was significantly different from that in Example 1 (t-test, p < 0.05). The yield of fresh Gastrodia elata could reach 8.2 catties / m².

[0045] Example 5 This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that: "(3) Cultivation of white hemp" step.

[0046] The processed logs were soaked in boiling water for 5 minutes, then removed, cooled, and air-dried. After sterilization, Armillaria mellea nutrient solution was not injected into the fish-scale openings. Instead, each fish-scale opening was gently pried open with a knife and a piece of Armillaria mellea culture (about the size of a little finger) was inserted. In this example, the total content of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol was 0.31 ± 0.08% (mean ± standard deviation, n = 20), which was significantly different from that in Example 1 (t-test, p < 0.05). The yield of fresh Gastrodia elata could reach 9.2 catties / m².

[0047] Based on the experimental results of the above examples, it can be seen that: Armillaria mellea nutrient solution can effectively improve the cultivation effect of Gastrodia elata (Example 5). Removing the step of injecting nutrient solution into the fish-scale-like structure of the fungal material in the white Gastrodia elata cultivation in Example 1, while keeping everything else unchanged, significantly reduced the yield and content of active ingredients in fresh Gastrodia elata, proving that the nutrient solution is key to improving fungal vigor and promoting symbiosis. The non-woven fabric isolation layer has a significant impact on the cultivation quality of Gastrodia elata (Example 4). Removing the non-woven fabric from the trench sidewalls in Example 1, while keeping everything else unchanged, led to a decrease in the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata, indicating that the non-woven fabric isolation layer is essential for the intercropping effect of Gastrodia elata. The dual barrier technology of setting a coconut coir layer and non-woven fabric on the trench sidewalls (Example 2) is crucial for improving the cultivation effect of Gastrodia elata. Expanding the trench width to 40cm, first laying a 5cm layer of coconut coir on the sidewalls, then covering it with non-woven fabric (to fix the coconut coir and provide barrier function), enhances root barrier, water and fertilizer retention, and the coconut coir can be replaced annually as organic fertilizer for tea trees. The yield and active ingredients of fresh Gastrodia elata in Example 2 were effectively improved. The implementation of trench deepening and mixed bedding layer drainage and aeration technology (Example 3) improved the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata. The trench depth was increased to 35cm, and a 5cm mixed bedding layer (wood chips: biochar: volcanic rock = 3:2:1) was laid at the bottom to enhance drainage and aeration, improve nutrient adsorption, and effectively improve the yield and efficacy of fresh Gastrodia elata in Example 3.

[0048] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping Gastrodia elata under tea trees, characterized in that, Dig trenches for intercropping Gastrodia elata between each row of tea trees; cover the side walls of the intercropping trenches near the tea trees with a layer of non-woven fabric; and lay humus, fungal material, humus, seed hemp, humus, and a mixture of rice straw and pine needles in the intercropping trenches from bottom to top.

2. The method for intercropping Gastrodia elata under tea trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fungal material is prepared by the following method: Fresh branches of oak trees are selected as the raw material for the fungal material. Branches with a diameter of 4-6 cm are selected and cut into small sections. Fish scale-like cuts are made on the surface of the branches every 2-3 cm along the length direction. Then, the branches are soaked in boiling water and air-dried naturally. Then, Armillaria mellea nutrient solution is injected into the fish scale cuts. After drying, each fish scale cut is pried open, Armillaria mellea inoculum is filled in, and the inoculum is pressed to ensure close contact between the Armillaria mellea inoculum and the wood to obtain the fungal material.

3. The method for intercropping Gastrodia elata under tea trees according to claim 2, characterized in that, The Armillaria mellea nutrient solution contains 10% sucrose, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.1% vitamin B1.

4. The method for intercropping Gastrodia elata under tea trees according to claim 3, characterized in that, The Armillaria mellea strain was obtained by the following method: Armillaria mellea A9 was cultured on PDA medium to obtain Armillaria mellea liquid culture; the Armillaria mellea liquid culture was inoculated into a cultivation substrate and cultured to obtain Armillaria mellea strain. The cultivation substrate is obtained by the following method: cottonseed hulls and corn cobs are crushed and dried separately, and then sawdust is added; after soaking in water and filtering, potato juice and glucose are added to obtain a planting mixture; the planting mixture is added to a culture container and water is added to obtain the cultivation substrate; potato juice is obtained by the following method: fresh potatoes are cut into pieces, boiled in water and then filtered to obtain juice.

5. The method for intercropping Gastrodia elata under tea trees according to claim 4, characterized in that, The seed hemp is obtained by the following method: lay a 4-6 cm thick layer of soil, then spread the mycelium on it, with adjacent mycelium pieces spaced 1-2 cm apart; evenly sow the Gastrodia elata seeds that have been soaked for 8 hours; add chopped Osmanthus fragrans spawn; cover with a 2 cm thick layer of fine soil; and cultivate to obtain the seed hemp.

6. A method for intercropping Gastrodia elata under tea trees according to claim 5, characterized in that, A layer of coconut coir is placed between the side walls of the Gastrodia elata intercropping trench near the tea tree and the non-woven fabric layer.

7. A method for intercropping Gastrodia elata under tea trees according to claim 6, characterized in that, A mixed bedding layer is set below the bottom layer of humus soil in the intercropping trench of Gastrodia elata; the mixed bedding layer is made of wood chips, biochar and volcanic rock in a mass ratio of 3:2:1; the biochar is activated by soaking in 0.5% phosphoric acid solution for 24 hours before use.

8. A method for intercropping Gastrodia elata under tea trees according to claim 7, characterized in that, The row spacing between each tea tree is 1.8 meters, and the plant spacing between each tea tree is 0.5 meters. The depth of the planting trench for Gastrodia elata is 30-35 centimeters, the width is 30-40 centimeters, and the length is the same as the length of each row of tea trees.

9. A method for intercropping Gastrodia elata under tea trees according to claim 8, characterized in that, The coconut coir layer in the planting trench of Gastrodia elata is 5 cm thick; the mixed bedding layer at the bottom of the planting trench is 5 cm thick; in the mixture of rice straw and pine needles, the mass ratio of rice straw to pine needles is 7:3 and the thickness is 5 cm.

10. A method for intercropping Gastrodia elata under tea trees according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the planting trench of Gastrodia elata, the method of laying the substrate is as follows: first, lay 30 cm long substrate horizontally, keeping a spacing of 1-2 cm; then lay 100 cm long substrate vertically on top, keeping a spacing of 1-2 cm.