Preparation method and application of ecological soil conditioner based on sugar refinery filter mud

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and discloses a preparation method and application of an ecological soil conditioner based on sugar refinery filter mud. 5%-10% of chitosan; 10%-15% of diatomite; 5%-10% of wood charcoal powder; 2%-5% of microalgae; 2%-6% of yeast liquid; chitosan is industrial-grade chitosan with the deacetylation degree ranging from 85% to 95%, the chitosan is dissolved in an acetic acid aqueous solution with the mass volume concentration ranging from 1.0% to 1.5% for use, and a good structured layer can be formed in filter mud. By adopting the soil improvement technical scheme of compounding natural components, the technical effects of remarkably improving the organic matter decomposition rate and the microbial activity of the soil are achieved through the synergistic effect of the microalgae, the saccharomycetes liquid and the wood charcoal powder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil improvement technology, specifically to a method for preparing an ecological soil conditioner based on sugar factory filter mud and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Sugar factory filter mud, a byproduct of sugar production, is mainly composed of plant fiber, sugar, minerals, and water. Due to its high organic matter and nutrient content, it has long been considered a potential organic fertilizer. However, the disposal of sugar factory filter mud as waste remains unresolved. Direct discharge of untreated filter mud can cause serious environmental pollution, particularly water pollution and soil acidification. Currently, many regions still rely on stockpiling or simple landfilling of filter mud, which not only wastes its potential resources but also threatens the ecological environment.

[0003] Traditional soil improvement techniques often rely on chemical fertilizers and single physical improvement methods. While these can improve soil conditions in the short term, they fail to effectively promote the sustainable development of the soil ecosystem. Soil conditioners are typically used to improve soil fertility and water retention capacity, but their effects on microbial activity, aeration, and soil structure optimization are limited. Most existing soil conditioners neglect the synergistic effects of microorganisms and the comprehensive benefits of natural components, making it difficult to maintain soil health after long-term use and even disrupting the natural balance of the soil.

[0004] While some existing technologies attempt to introduce microorganisms such as microalgae and yeast, these technologies mostly lack a systematic approach, often relying on single components or exhibiting limited effects. They fail to effectively promote the decomposition of organic matter and the sustained release of nutrients, and are unlikely to improve plant growth while simultaneously improving soil structure. Existing technologies fail to fully utilize the abundant natural components in sugar factory filter mud, nor do they achieve synergistic effects between microorganisms and natural substances. This limits the improvement of soil amendment effects, resulting in the inability to maintain the long-term benefits of soil amendment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for preparing an eco-friendly soil conditioner based on sugar factory filter mud, which solves the deficiencies of existing soil conditioner methods in terms of durability, sustainability, and ecological health.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an ecological soil conditioner based on sugar mill filter mud, comprising the following components by mass percentage:

[0007] Sugar mill filter mud: 40%-50%;

[0008] Chitosan 5%-10%;

[0009] Diatomaceous earth 10%-15%;

[0010] 5%-10% wood charcoal powder;

[0011] Microalgae 2%-5%;

[0012] Yeast culture solution 2%-6%;

[0013] The remainder is moisture.

[0014] Furthermore, the soil conditioner, through an organic composite of sugar factory filter mud, chitosan, diatomaceous earth, lignochar powder, microalgae, and yeast liquid, can improve soil physical properties while promoting soil microbial activity, thereby enhancing soil aeration, water retention, and fertility. Sugar factory filter mud, as the base material, provides abundant organic matter and trace elements, increasing soil fertility and enhancing the biological activity of soil microorganisms. Other components, such as chitosan and microalgae, enhance the overall health of the soil ecological environment through various synergistic effects.

[0015] Preferably, the chitosan is industrial-grade chitosan with a degree of deacetylation between 85% and 95%, which is dissolved in an aqueous solution of acetic acid with a mass-volume concentration of 1.0%-1.5% and can form a well-structured layer in the filter mud.

[0016] Furthermore, as a natural polysaccharide, the degree of deacetylation of chitosan depends on the stability of its molecular structure and its chelating ability. A higher degree of deacetylation (85%-95%) helps improve the water solubility of chitosan and its ability to bind to metal ions (such as lead, cadmium, and arsenic) in the soil. By dissolving in acetic acid solution, chitosan can form a structured layer and effectively chelate heavy metals in the soil, reducing the bioavailability of these harmful elements and thus reducing the toxic effects of heavy metals on plants.

[0017] Preferably, the wood charcoal powder is rice husk charcoal powder with a carbonization temperature between 400℃ and 600℃ and a particle size of 0.5 mm to 1 mm, which effectively promotes soil aeration and moisture retention.

[0018] Furthermore, the high-temperature carbonization process of lignocharcoal powder forms highly porous microparticles. These pores effectively adsorb water and nutrients, improving soil aeration and moisture retention. Simultaneously, lignocharcoal powder provides a habitat for beneficial soil microorganisms, promoting their growth and activity and contributing to improved soil fertility. Controlled particle size (0.5 mm to 1 mm) ensures uniformity and optimized soil adaptability, avoiding the negative impact of excessively coarse particles on soil structure.

[0019] A method for preparing an eco-friendly soil conditioner based on sugar factory filter mud includes the following steps:

[0020] The filter mud from the sugar factory is mechanically pressed and sun-dried to reduce its moisture content to 45%-50%, and then microwaved for sterilization at a power of 700-1000 watts for 3-7 minutes.

[0021] Chitosan is dissolved in a 1.0%-1.5% aqueous acetic acid solution at a ratio of 5%-10% of the dry weight of the filter mud to prepare a modified solution, which is then sprayed into the filter mud at a ratio of 1.0-1.5 liters per kilogram of filter mud and stirred for 20-30 minutes.

[0022] Add diatomaceous earth and charcoal powder to the resulting mixture, with the addition amounts being 10%-15% and 5%-10% of the dry weight of the filter mud, respectively, and continue stirring for 15-20 minutes.

[0023] Inoculate the resulting mixture with microalgae solution and yeast solution, with the amount of microalgae added being 2%-5% by volume and the amount of yeast solution being 3%-6%, and stir for 10-15 minutes to form the inoculation system;

[0024] The resulting mixture was placed in a sealed environment at 28℃-32℃ and relative humidity of 60%-70% for anaerobic fermentation for 36-48 hours.

[0025] Granulate the fermented mixture, controlling the particle size to 2-5 mm;

[0026] The granules were dried at 60℃-70℃ for 6-10 hours, and the final moisture content was controlled at 10%.

[0027] Furthermore, the performance of the soil conditioner is ensured through several key steps. First, excess moisture is removed through mechanical filtration and sun drying, and microwave sterilization ensures that harmful pathogens in the filter mud are effectively killed. Second, the use of chitosan, through dissolution and reaction with the filter mud, forms a structured layer, increasing the soil's adsorption capacity for heavy metals. Inoculation with microalgae and yeast liquid adds active microorganisms to the soil, promoting the decomposition of soil organic matter and optimizing soil structure. The anaerobic fermentation step helps improve the conversion efficiency of organic matter and ensures the biological activity and stability of the soil conditioner.

[0028] Preferably, the microalgae is Chlorella vulgaris with a cell concentration of 1×10⁶ to 5×10⁶ cells per milliliter, and the yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a cell concentration of not less than 1×10⁷ cells per milliliter.

[0029] Furthermore, the combined fermentation of microalgae and yeast can enhance the soil's ability to decompose organic matter and promote the interaction of microorganisms. Chlorella fixes carbon through photosynthesis and releases organic acids and other substances to improve soil pH, while Saccharomyces cerevisiae improves the conversion efficiency of organic matter through fermentation. The combined effect of the two can not only increase the content of organic matter in the soil, but also promote the diversity of soil microbial communities, and improve soil fertility and ecological stability.

[0030] Preferably, after microwave sterilization, the filter mud needs to be allowed to cool at room temperature for 30 minutes to ensure that its biological activity is not excessively damaged by high temperature.

[0031] Furthermore, microwave sterilization can effectively kill harmful microorganisms in the filter mud, while the static cooling step helps to retain the beneficial components in the filter mud, especially the organic matter and the activity of microorganisms. This step ensures that the bioactive components in the soil conditioner are not excessively damaged by heat during the treatment process, thereby maintaining their functional effects.

[0032] Preferably, the discharge temperature during the granulation process is controlled between 25°C and 35°C.

[0033] Furthermore, temperature control is crucial during the granulation process. Excessively high temperatures may destroy the activity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil conditioner, while moderate temperatures (25°C to 35°C) ensure the survival and activity of microorganisms, while also ensuring particle uniformity, resulting in better application performance of the soil conditioner.

[0034] Preferably, after chitosan reacts with filter mud, it forms a surface chelating barrier layer that can effectively adsorb heavy metal elements in the soil, including lead, cadmium, and arsenic.

[0035] Furthermore, the high degree of deacetylation of chitosan can form a strong chelating barrier. This chelating structure can firmly fix heavy metal elements (such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, etc.) in the soil, reducing their bioavailability in the soil, thereby reducing the negative impact of heavy metals on plants and soil ecosystems.

[0036] Preferably, the fermentation process is an anaerobic fermentation process, and no turning or ventilation is performed during this process.

[0037] Furthermore, the anaerobic fermentation process, by reducing oxygen intervention, promotes the growth of microorganisms in an anaerobic environment, thereby effectively improving the stability of the soil conditioner and maintaining its biological activity. This process does not involve turning or aeration, avoiding disturbance to the microbial community and ensuring that the beneficial microorganisms in the soil conditioner can function to the maximum extent.

[0038] Application of an eco-friendly soil conditioner based on sugar factory filter mud in the improvement of acidic or saline-alkali soils.

[0039] Furthermore, soil conditioners can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of acidic and saline-alkali soils by regulating soil structure and increasing organic matter content. Chitosan can alleviate heavy metal pollution in soil, while lignochar powder can improve soil aeration and water retention. The combined action of microalgae and yeast promotes the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling in the soil, thereby achieving effective soil improvement.

[0040] This invention provides a method for preparing an eco-friendly soil conditioner based on sugar factory filter mud and its application.

[0041] It has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] 1. This invention employs a soil amendment technology solution based on composite natural ingredients, including the synergistic effect of microalgae, yeast liquid, and lignochar powder, achieving a significant improvement in the decomposition rate of soil organic matter and microbial activity. Compared to existing single-component soil amendments, this invention overcomes their limitations in enhancing soil ecological function, accelerating organic matter decomposition, and increasing microbial activity.

[0043] 2. This invention employs a soil improvement technology combining lignocharcoal powder with microalgae and yeast liquid, significantly improving soil aeration and moisture retention capacity. Compared with traditional soil improvement methods, this invention effectively overcomes the shortcomings of traditional soil conditioners in improving soil structure, especially showing more prominent effects in arid or saline-alkali areas.

[0044] 3. This invention introduces the combined application of microalgae and yeast liquid, which enhances the release rate of nutrients in the soil and significantly promotes plant growth. Compared with traditional soil conditioners, this invention promotes the rapid conversion of organic matter, which not only improves root development and leaf growth but also effectively increases crop yield, solving the problem of slow response in nutrient supply of traditional conditioners.

[0045] 4. This invention employs a formula combining composite microorganisms and natural organic materials, optimizing the soil environment and significantly improving plant health and yield. Unlike existing soil conditioners that primarily rely on chemical components, this invention successfully addresses the shortcomings of traditional soil conditioners in improving long-term soil sustainability and enhancing plant resistance through the synergistic effect of natural ingredients. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Please see the appendix Figure 1 :

[0049] Example 1:

[0050] Raw material ratio:

[0051] Sugar mill filter mud: 45%

[0052] Chitosan: 7%

[0053] Diatomaceous earth: 12%

[0054] Wood charcoal powder: 6%

[0055] Microalgae: 3%

[0056] Yeast culture: 4%

[0057] The remainder is moisture.

[0058] Preparation steps:

[0059] Sugar mill filter mud treatment:

[0060] First, the sugar factory filter mud is mechanically pressed to reduce the moisture content to 45% to 50%.

[0061] The filtered sugar mill mud was then exposed to sunlight for 24 hours to further reduce moisture.

[0062] Next, the dried sugar factory filter mud was subjected to microwave sterilization. The microwave power was 900 watts and the sterilization time was set to 5 minutes to ensure the effective killing of pathogens and miscellaneous bacteria in the filter mud.

[0063] Chitosan dissolution:

[0064] Chitosan with a degree of deacetylation between 90% and 95% was dissolved in a 1.2% aqueous acetic acid solution, and the volume of the solution was 200 ml.

[0065] Spray the dissolved chitosan liquid onto the filter mud at a ratio of 1.2 liters per kilogram of sugar mill filter mud, and stir for 20 minutes until fully mixed.

[0066] Add other ingredients:

[0067] Add diatomaceous earth and charcoal powder to the mixture at 12% and 6% of the dry weight of the filter mud, respectively, and continue stirring for 15 minutes.

[0068] Add the microalgae solution and yeast solution at a volume ratio of 3% and 4% respectively, stir well, and ensure that all components are fully mixed.

[0069] Fermentation process:

[0070] The mixture was placed in a sealed environment at 28°C to 30°C and relative humidity of 65% to 75% for anaerobic fermentation for 36 hours.

[0071] No turning or ventilation is performed during fermentation to maintain an anaerobic environment and promote the growth and activity of microorganisms.

[0072] Particle preparation:

[0073] The fermented mixture is granulated using a granulator, with the diameter of the granules controlled to be around 3 millimeters.

[0074] The granules were dried at 60°C to 65°C for 6 hours to ensure a final moisture content of less than 10%.

[0075] Example 2:

[0076] Raw material ratio:

[0077] Sugar factory filter mud: 50%

[0078] Chitosan: 5%

[0079] Diatomaceous earth: 10%

[0080] Wood charcoal powder: 8%

[0081] Microalgae: 2%

[0082] Yeast culture: 3%

[0083] The remainder is moisture.

[0084] Preparation steps:

[0085] Sugar mill filter mud treatment:

[0086] The sugar mill filter mud is dewatered by mechanical pressure filtration, with a target moisture content of 50%.

[0087] Then, sun-dry for 12 hours to reduce excess moisture.

[0088] Then use a microwave sterilization device, set the microwave power to 750 watts and the sterilization time to 6 minutes to ensure the removal of harmful pathogens.

[0089] Chitosan dissolution:

[0090] Chitosan with a degree of deacetylation between 85% and 90% was dissolved in a 1.0% acetic acid solution.

[0091] The volume of the dissolving solution is 150 ml. The ratio of the dissolving solution to the sugar mill filter mud is 1:1.5. Spray the solution into the filter mud and stir for 30 minutes.

[0092] Other ingredients added:

[0093] Add diatomaceous earth and charcoal powder to the mixture at a ratio of 10% and 8% respectively, and stir well.

[0094] Add the microalgae and yeast solution at a ratio of 2% and 3% respectively, and continue stirring for 15 minutes until fully mixed.

[0095] Anaerobic fermentation:

[0096] The mixture was placed in an environment of 30°C and 70% relative humidity for anaerobic fermentation for 48 hours.

[0097] During this process, no turning or ventilation is performed to ensure the stability of the anaerobic environment and promote efficient metabolism of microorganisms.

[0098] Particle preparation and drying:

[0099] The fermented mixture is processed by a pellet mill, and the particle size is controlled between 2 mm and 4 mm.

[0100] Finally, the granules are dried at 65°C for 8 hours to ensure that the final product has a moisture content of less than 10%.

[0101] Example 3:

[0102] Raw material ratio:

[0103] Sugar mill filter mud: 47%

[0104] Chitosan: 6%

[0105] Diatomaceous earth: 11%

[0106] Wood charcoal powder: 7%

[0107] Microalgae: 4%

[0108] Yeast culture: 5%

[0109] The remainder is moisture.

[0110] Preparation steps:

[0111] Sugar mill filter mud pretreatment:

[0112] The filter mud from the sugar mill is first subjected to mechanical pressure filtration to reduce its moisture content to 48%.

[0113] Then sun-dry for 24 hours to further remove excess moisture.

[0114] Use microwave sterilization equipment with a power setting of 1000 watts and a processing time of 4 minutes to ensure effective sterilization.

[0115] Chitosan dissolution:

[0116] Take chitosan with a degree of deacetylation of about 90% and dissolve it in a 1.3% aqueous acetic acid solution.

[0117] Spray the chitosan solution into the sugar factory filter mud at a ratio of 1:1.3, stir thoroughly, and ensure uniform coverage.

[0118] Ingredient Mixing:

[0119] Add diatomaceous earth and wood charcoal powder to the mixture at a ratio of 11% and 7% respectively, and stir.

[0120] Add microalgae and yeast culture at a ratio of 4% and 5% respectively, and continue stirring for 20 minutes.

[0121] Anaerobic fermentation:

[0122] The treated mixture was placed in a sealed environment and anaerobic fermentation was carried out at a temperature of 30°C and a relative humidity of 70% for 48 hours.

[0123] This process does not involve any turning or ventilation, ensuring the biological activity of the soil conditioner.

[0124] Particle formation and drying:

[0125] The fermented mixture is granulated into particles with a diameter of 2 to 3 millimeters using a granulator.

[0126] The granules were dried at 60°C for 6 hours to ensure that their moisture content was below 10%.

[0127] Summarize:

[0128] These three embodiments provide different raw material formulation schemes and process steps by adjusting the proportions and treatment parameters of sugar factory filter mud, chitosan, lignocarbon powder, diatomaceous earth, microalgae, and yeast liquid. Each embodiment supports the claims of the invention and optimizes the performance of the soil conditioner by adjusting the proportions of each component and process conditions, while ensuring stability and effectiveness under different conditions. These embodiments demonstrate the applicability and flexibility of the invention.

[0129] Comparative Example 1:

[0130] The difference from Example 1 is that chitosan was removed; otherwise, they are the same.

[0131] Mechanism explanation:

[0132] With the removal of chitosan's crucial role as a heavy metal chelating agent, soil conditioners are unable to effectively reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals (such as lead, cadmium, and arsenic) in the soil, thus affecting soil safety and the crop growth environment. The lack of chitosan's chelating function also means that the toxicity of harmful heavy metals in the soil cannot be effectively controlled, potentially exacerbating soil pollution.

[0133] Comparative Example 2:

[0134] Compared to Example 2, the difference is that the microalgae and yeast liquid were omitted, but everything else is the same.

[0135] Mechanism explanation:

[0136] The addition of microalgae and yeast solution is intended to enhance the soil's ability to decompose organic matter and promote the diversity of the microbial community. If microalgae and yeast solution are removed, the rate of organic matter decomposition in the soil may slow down, and the lack of diversity in the soil's microbial community may lead to a decline in soil ecological function and a less significant improvement in fertility. Furthermore, microalgae fix carbon dioxide through photosynthesis; without microalgae, the soil's ability to regulate pH and release nutrients will be affected.

[0137] Comparative Example 3:

[0138] The difference from Example 3 is that the wood charcoal powder was removed; otherwise, they are the same.

[0139] Mechanism explanation:

[0140] The main function of charcoal powder in soil improvement is to enhance soil aeration and moisture retention, and to adsorb harmful substances through its porous structure. Removing charcoal powder can negatively impact soil structure, particularly in terms of aeration and moisture retention. This can lead to soil drought or excessive moisture, which is detrimental to plant root growth, and may also make it difficult for harmful substances in the soil to be effectively adsorbed, thereby reducing the soil's ecological function and fertility.

[0141] Experiment 1: Comparison of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Control Capacity

[0142] Experimental description:

[0143] Experimental objective:

[0144] This experiment aims to test the effects of different soil amendment formulations on the concentration of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and arsenic) in the soil, with particular attention to the bioavailability of these heavy metals, in order to verify the effectiveness of the amendments.

[0145] Experimental materials:

[0146] Soil samples: Select farmland soils with heavy pollution.

[0147] Soil conditioner: the soil conditioner of Example 1 and the soil conditioner of Comparative Example 1.

[0148] Heavy metal standard solutions: used to simulate lead, cadmium, and arsenic pollution in soil.

[0149] Atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS): used to measure the concentration of heavy metals in soil.

[0150] Experimental steps:

[0151] Soil pretreatment:

[0152] Identical soil samples were divided into two groups: one group used the soil conditioner of Example 1, and the other group used the soil conditioner of Comparative Example 1. Lead, cadmium, and arsenic standard solutions were added to each group of samples to simulate heavy metal pollution. Then, different soil conditioners were applied to the two groups of soil to ensure thorough mixing.

[0153] Apply modifier:

[0154] According to their respective formulations, the soil conditioners of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were added to the soil in the specified proportions. No conditioner was added to the control group soil.

[0155] Heavy metal concentration measurement:

[0156] Soil samples were collected after soil amendments were applied, and the concentrations of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in the soil were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).

[0157] Post-treatment soil analysis:

[0158] Heavy metal concentrations were analyzed in the treated soil samples. Changes in lead, cadmium, and arsenic concentrations before and after treatment were recorded, and the percentage reduction was calculated.

[0159] Experimental period:

[0160] The experiment takes about four weeks and includes the pretreatment of soil samples, the addition of heavy metals, and the application of soil conditioners.

[0161] Experimental data:

[0162] The table below shows the effects of the soil conditioners of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 on the concentration of heavy metals in the soil. All data are concentration measurements obtained during the experiment (unit: mg / kg) to reflect the removal effect of heavy metals.

[0163] Table Title: Comparison Data on Heavy Metal Removal Efficiency in Soil

[0164]

[0165]

[0166] Summary section:

[0167] The results of this experiment show that the soil conditioner of Example 1 significantly reduced the concentrations of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in the soil, with the removal effect on lead and cadmium being particularly significant. In contrast, the soil conditioner of Comparative Example 1 was less effective, with a smaller decrease in the concentration of heavy metals in the soil. This difference can be attributed to the chitosan component included in Example 1, which, as a natural polymer, can effectively chelate with heavy metal ions in the soil. By forming a stable complex, chitosan significantly reduces the bioavailability of harmful metals such as lead, cadmium, and arsenic, thereby reducing the harm of these heavy metals to plants.

[0168] In the absence of chitosan, the soil conditioner in Comparative Example 1 failed to provide an effective heavy metal removal mechanism, resulting in weakened chelation of heavy metals in the soil and a smaller reduction in heavy metal concentration. The mechanism of action of chitosan as a heavy metal chelating agent is particularly crucial; it can reduce the solubility of these harmful elements in the soil, thereby reducing their harmfulness to the environment and organisms, and thus improving soil safety and fertility.

[0169] These experimental results demonstrate that the innovative aspect of this invention—the use of chitosan—plays a significant role in improving soil quality and reducing pollution. Compared to Comparative Example 1, the soil conditioner provided in Example 1 shows clear advantages in improving soil ecological health and reducing the impact of harmful heavy metals on soil and plants. This innovative soil improvement technology not only enhances soil fertility but also provides an effective pathway for the green recycling of agricultural waste.

[0170] Experiment 2: Comparison of Soil Organic Matter Decomposition and Microbial Activity

[0171] Experimental description:

[0172] Experimental objective:

[0173] This experiment aims to compare the effects of different soil amendment formulations on the decomposition rate of soil organic matter and microbial activity, in order to verify the effectiveness of the amendments in enhancing soil fertility and promoting soil ecological health.

[0174] Experimental materials:

[0175] Soil samples: Select farmland soils of the same type.

[0176] Soil conditioner: the soil conditioner of Example 2 and the soil conditioner of Comparative Example 2.

[0177] Microbial culture medium: used to cultivate and measure the activity of microorganisms in soil.

[0178] Carbon dioxide measuring equipment: used to test the rate of organic matter decomposition in soil.

[0179] Petri dishes and microscopes: used for colony counting and microbial community analysis.

[0180] Experimental steps:

[0181] Soil pretreatment:

[0182] Soil samples of the same type were divided into two groups, and the soil conditioners of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 were applied to each group, respectively. An appropriate amount of organic waste (such as plant residue) was added to each group of samples to simulate a natural organic matter decomposition environment.

[0183] Apply modifier:

[0184] According to their respective formulations, the soil conditioners of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 were applied evenly to the soil in proportion to ensure that the soil conditioner was evenly distributed in each soil sample and then gently stirred.

[0185] Organic matter decomposition measurement:

[0186] The rate of organic matter decomposition was determined using the carbon dioxide emission method (by sealing soil samples and measuring CO2 concentration). Measurements were taken every other week for four weeks.

[0187] Microbial activity analysis:

[0188] During the experimental period, soil samples were cultured on microbial culture media, and colony forming units (CFU) were counted periodically to assess microbial activity. The microbial community in the soil samples was observed under a microscope, and its species and quantity were recorded.

[0189] Experimental period:

[0190] The experiment lasted for four weeks, including weekly carbon dioxide measurements and microbial activity analysis.

[0191] Experimental data:

[0192] The table below shows comparative data on soil organic matter decomposition and microbial activity of the soil conditioners in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2. All data are organic matter decomposition rates obtained during the experiment (unit: gCO2 / m³). 2 The data were measured in units of soil per day (CFU / g soil) to reflect changes in soil ecological health.

[0193] Table Title: Comparative Data on Soil Organic Matter Decomposition and Microbial Activity

[0194]

[0195] Summary section:

[0196] Experimental results showed that the soil conditioner in Example 2 was significantly superior to that in Comparative Example 2 in promoting the decomposition of soil organic matter and enhancing microbial activity. The microalgae and yeast extract added in Example 2 significantly promoted the transformation of organic matter and the growth of the microbial community in the soil through synergistic effects. Microalgae fix carbon dioxide through photosynthesis and release active substances such as organic acids. These organic acids not only regulate soil pH but also provide more nutrient sources for soil microorganisms, further accelerating the decomposition of organic matter. The yeast extract, through its fermentation, increased the rate of organic matter decomposition in the soil and promoted the diversity of the soil microbial community.

[0197] In Comparative Example 2, due to the lack of microalgae and yeast culture, the rate of organic matter decomposition in the soil was significantly lower than in Example 2, and microbial activity was also significantly lower. The absence of microalgae and yeast culture slowed down the conversion rate of organic matter in the soil, and the microbial community could not be fully activated, resulting in a significant reduction in the effect of improving soil fertility.

[0198] These experimental results fully demonstrate the important role of microalgae and yeast in soil improvement, especially their significant effects in enhancing soil fertility, promoting organic matter decomposition, and strengthening soil microbial activity. This also verifies that the synergistic effect of multiple microorganisms through the combined effects of natural components can continuously enhance soil ecological health while improving the overall benefits of soil improvement.

[0199] Experiment 3: Comparison of soil aeration and water retention capacity

[0200] Experimental description:

[0201] Experimental objective:

[0202] This experiment aims to compare the effects of different soil amendment formulations on soil aeration and water retention capacity, and to evaluate the effectiveness of amendments in improving soil structure and water management.

[0203] Experimental materials:

[0204] Soil samples: Select soils of the same type from arid or saline-alkali regions.

[0205] Soil conditioner: the soil conditioner of Example 3 and the soil conditioner of Comparative Example 3.

[0206] Moisture evaporation test device: used to measure the soil's ability to retain moisture.

[0207] Aeration resistance measuring instrument: used to assess soil aeration.

[0208] Soil samples: Each sample weighs approximately 500 grams.

[0209] Experimental steps:

[0210] Soil pretreatment:

[0211] Soil samples of the same type were divided into two groups, and the soil conditioners of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 were added to each group, respectively. A certain amount of lignochar powder and other necessary ingredients were added to each group of samples to optimize soil moisture retention and aeration performance.

[0212] Apply modifier:

[0213] According to their respective formulations, the soil conditioners of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 were uniformly applied to the soil. After application, they were stirred evenly to ensure that the soil conditioner was evenly distributed in each soil sample group.

[0214] Moisture retention capacity measurement:

[0215] The treated soil samples were placed in a standard evaporation chamber, and the amount of water evaporated every 24 hours was recorded. The water retention capacity was calculated by measuring the change in moisture content after 24 hours. The experiment lasted for 5 days.

[0216] Ventilation test:

[0217] Aeration was measured in each soil group using an aeration resistance measuring instrument. The measurement method involved introducing air into the soil sample and recording the gas flow rate through the soil. Aeration is closely related to soil porosity and water retention capacity.

[0218] Experimental period:

[0219] This experiment lasted for 5 days and included daily moisture evaporation measurements and ventilation tests.

[0220] Experimental data:

[0221] The table below shows comparative data on soil moisture retention and aeration of the soil conditioners in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3. The data include water evaporation rate (g / day) and aeration resistance (Pa·s / m²) during the experiment. 2 This reflects the soil's moisture management and aeration.

[0222] Table Title: Comparison Data of Soil Moisture Retention and Aeration

[0223]

[0224]

[0225] Summary section:

[0226] Experimental results showed that the soil conditioner of Example 3 significantly improved soil moisture retention and aeration, especially in the tests of water evaporation rate and aeration resistance, where the soil sample of Example 3 exhibited better performance. The addition of lignocharcoal powder played a key role in this process. Lignocharcoal powder, through its highly porous structure, can adsorb water in the soil and release it slowly, reducing water evaporation. Furthermore, lignocharcoal powder provides more micropore spaces in the soil, which improves soil aeration, thereby enhancing soil permeability and moisture retention.

[0227] Compared to Comparative Example 3, the soil sample lacking lignocharcoal powder performed significantly worse in moisture retention, exhibiting a higher rate of water evaporation and poorer aeration. The soil in Comparative Example 3, due to the absence of lignocharcoal powder, suffered from poor moisture retention and high aeration resistance, limiting the activity of beneficial microorganisms and the respiration of plant roots. In contrast, the soil conditioner in Example 3 optimized soil structure, improving the soil's moisture retention capacity while ensuring good aeration, thus providing a more suitable environment for plant growth.

[0228] The results of this experiment demonstrate that lignocharcoal powder, as an important soil amendment, not only improves the physical properties of the soil but also enhances soil microbial activity and the environmental adaptability of plants. By combining lignocharcoal powder with other natural materials, it is possible to effectively improve the ecological function and sustainability of the soil, supporting the long-term health of farmland soils.

[0229] Experiment 4: Comparison of the effects of soil on plant growth

[0230] Experimental description:

[0231] Experimental objective:

[0232] This experiment aims to test the effects of different soil conditioner formulations on plant growth and evaluate their effectiveness in promoting healthy plant growth and increasing crop yield.

[0233] Experimental materials:

[0234] Soil samples: Select farmland soils of the same type with good moisture and fertility.

[0235] Soil conditioner: Soil conditioners of Examples 1-3 and corresponding soil conditioners of Comparative Examples 1-3.

[0236] Plant seeds: Select the same type of plant (such as wheat or corn) to ensure consistent seed quality.

[0237] Measuring tools: for measuring plant height, leaf area, root length, etc.

[0238] Experimental containers: Use flower pots of the same size, each containing 500g of soil.

[0239] Experimental steps:

[0240] Soil pretreatment:

[0241] The soil was divided into 6 groups, and each group was treated with the soil conditioner of Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The amount of soil conditioner applied to each group was kept consistent, and the mixture was thoroughly mixed.

[0242] Seeding and treatment:

[0243] The same number of wheat or corn seeds were planted in each soil sample group, with 5 seeds sown per pot. The soil layer thickness in each pot was kept consistent, approximately 5 cm.

[0244] Plant growth measurement:

[0245] Plant height, leaf area, and root length were measured weekly, and plant growth data were recorded. The plant growth cycle was 8 weeks, during which regular irrigation was carried out, and consistent ambient temperature and light conditions were ensured.

[0246] Data Records:

[0247] Measurement data were recorded weekly, and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the final plant height, leaf area, root length, etc., after the experiment.

[0248] Experimental period:

[0249] The experiment lasted for 8 weeks, during which the growth status of the plants was continuously observed and various measurements were taken regularly.

[0250] Experimental data:

[0251] The table below shows the effects of the soil conditioners used in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 on plant growth. Data include plant height (cm) and leaf area (cm²). 2 ) and root length (unit: cm).

[0252] Table Title: Comparative Data on the Impact of Soil on Plant Growth

[0253] Sample number Modifier type Plant height (cm) Leaf area (cm2) Root length (cm) 1 Example 1 42 250 35 2 Comparative Example 1 38 220 30 3 Example 2 45 270 38 4 Comparative Example 2 36 210 29 5 Example 3 40 255 33 6 Comparative Example 3 37 230 31 7 Example 1 43 260 36 8 Comparative Example 1 39 225 32

[0254] Summary section:

[0255] Experimental results showed that the soil conditioners in Examples 1-3 significantly promoted plant growth, particularly in terms of plant height, leaf area, and root length. Compared with Comparative Examples 1-3, the plants in Examples 1-3 performed better overall, indicating that the soil conditioners have a significant effect on promoting healthy plant growth. In Example 2, the microalgae and yeast solution, through synergistic action, accelerated the decomposition of soil organic matter, releasing more nutrients and directly promoting plant growth. Simultaneously, the addition of lignocharcoal powder improved soil aeration and moisture retention, resulting in more developed plant roots that could effectively absorb more nutrients.

[0256] In the comparative groups, plant growth was somewhat limited due to the lack of key amendment components. In particular, the plants in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 had lower plant height, leaf area, and root length than those in the Example Group, indicating that soil conditioners lacking components such as chitosan, microalgae, or yeast extract cannot provide sufficient nutrient support, leading to poor plant growth.

[0257] The experimental results show that the composite natural soil conditioner plays a crucial role in providing richer nutrients, improving soil physical properties, and enhancing plant root vitality. In particular, the combined use of lignocharcoal powder, microalgae, and yeast extract not only improved the soil environment but also enhanced its ecological functions, providing more suitable growing conditions for plants. This discovery provides a new technological means for agricultural production, effectively increasing crop yields and promoting sustainable agricultural development.

[0258] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An eco-friendly soil conditioner based on sugar factory filter mud, characterized in that, It consists of the following components by mass percentage: Sugar mill filter mud: 40%-50%; Chitosan 5%-10%; Diatomaceous earth 10%-15%; 5%-10% wood charcoal powder; Microalgae 2%-5%; Yeast culture solution 2%-6%; The remainder is moisture.

2. The ecological soil conditioner based on sugar factory filter mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chitosan is an industrial-grade chitosan with a degree of deacetylation between 85% and 95%, which is dissolved in an aqueous solution of acetic acid with a mass-volume concentration of 1.0%-1.5% and can form a well-structured layer in filter mud.

3. The ecological soil conditioner based on sugar factory filter mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wood-based charcoal powder is rice husk charcoal powder with a carbonization temperature between 400℃ and 600℃ and a particle size of 0.5 mm to 1 mm, which effectively promotes soil aeration and moisture retention.

4. A method for preparing an ecological soil conditioner based on sugar mill filter mud, as described in claims 1-3, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: The filter mud from the sugar factory is mechanically pressed and sun-dried to reduce its moisture content to 45%-50%, and then microwaved for sterilization at a power of 700-1000 watts for 3-7 minutes. Chitosan is dissolved in a 1.0%-1.5% aqueous acetic acid solution at a ratio of 5%-10% of the dry weight of the filter mud to prepare a modified solution, which is then sprayed into the filter mud at a ratio of 1.0-1.5 liters per kilogram of filter mud and stirred for 20-30 minutes. Add diatomaceous earth and charcoal powder to the resulting mixture, with the addition amounts being 10%-15% and 5%-10% of the dry weight of the filter mud, respectively, and continue stirring for 15-20 minutes. Inoculate the resulting mixture with microalgae solution and yeast solution, with the amount of microalgae added being 2%-5% by volume and the amount of yeast solution being 3%-6%, and stir for 10-15 minutes to form the inoculation system; The resulting mixture was placed in a sealed environment at 28℃-32℃ and relative humidity of 60%-70% for anaerobic fermentation for 36-48 hours. Granulate the fermented mixture, controlling the particle size to 2-5 mm; The granules were dried at 60℃-70℃ for 6-10 hours, and the final moisture content was controlled at 10%.

5. The method for preparing an ecological soil conditioner based on sugar factory filter mud according to claim 4, characterized in that, The microalgae mentioned are Chlorella vulgaris, with a cell concentration of 1×10⁶ to 5×10⁶ per milliliter. 6 The yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the cell concentration is not less than 1×107 cells per milliliter.

6. The method for preparing an ecological soil conditioner based on sugar factory filter mud according to claim 4, characterized in that, After microwave sterilization, the filter mud needs to be left to cool at room temperature for 30 minutes to ensure that its biological activity is not damaged by excessive high temperature.

7. The method for preparing an ecological soil conditioner based on sugar factory filter mud according to claim 4, characterized in that, The discharge temperature during the pelleting process is controlled between 25°C and 35°C.

8. The method for preparing an ecological soil conditioner based on sugar factory filter mud according to claim 4, characterized in that, Chitosan reacts with filter mud to form a surface chelating barrier layer, which can effectively adsorb heavy metal elements in the soil, including lead, cadmium and arsenic.

9. The method for preparing an ecological soil conditioner based on sugar factory filter mud according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fermentation process is an anaerobic fermentation process, and no turning or ventilation is performed during this process.

10. The application of an eco-friendly soil conditioner based on sugar mill filter mud as described in any one of claims 1-4 in the improvement of acidic or saline-alkali soils.

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