Underground water level monitoring and sampling device for water conservancy project

Abstract

The invention is applicable to the technical field of underground water level monitoring and sampling, and provides an underground water level monitoring and sampling device for hydraulic engineering, which comprises a base, the base is rotatably connected with a plurality of adjustable supporting assemblies for supporting and limiting, the upper end face of the base is provided with a winding mechanism, and the winding mechanism is wound with a pull rope. A sampling barrel is fixedly arranged at one end of the pull rope, the winding mechanism is connected with a movable limiting assembly, and the movable limiting assembly can limit the pull rope in the horizontal direction; the device further comprises a falling speed optimization system which can regulate and control the falling speed of the sampling barrel. Under the interference of multiple factors such as wind speed sudden change, underground water flow velocity fluctuation and pull rope elasticity mismatching, the rotating speed of the winding mechanism can be dynamically adjusted, sampling barrel swinging and track deviation are restrained, meanwhile, mechanical damage caused by sudden change of the rotating speed is avoided, and the sampling efficiency and data reliability are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of groundwater level monitoring and sampling, and particularly relates to a groundwater level monitoring and sampling device for water conservancy projects. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of water conservancy projects, groundwater level monitoring and water quality sampling are key links for evaluating hydrogeological conditions. Traditional sampling devices usually adopt a manual or motor-driven sampling cylinder winding and unwinding mode, which has the following defects:

[0003] Poor anti-interference capability: the sampling cylinder is easily affected by dynamic factors such as wind speed and water flow during the lowering process, resulting in swing deviation or even impact on the well wall, which destroys the representativeness of the sample;

[0004] Weak parameter adaptability: different specifications of sampling cylinders (weight, volume) and pull ropes (elastic modulus) need to be manually adjusted for winding and unwinding parameters, which is complicated and depends on experience;

[0005] Environmental response lag: parameters such as groundwater depth, flow rate, and air temperature and humidity need to be manually monitored, making it difficult to control the falling speed in real time, which may cause the sampling cylinder to sink too fast or too slow.

[0006] The existing technology attempts to improve stability through mechanical limiting (such as fixed guide wheels) or constant-speed motor, but it does not solve the core problem of multi-factor coupling influence. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the embodiment of the application is to provide a groundwater level monitoring and sampling device for water conservancy projects, which aims to solve the problems of poor anti-interference capability, weak parameter adaptability, and environmental response lag of traditional sampling devices which usually adopt a manual or motor-driven sampling cylinder winding and unwinding mode.

[0008] The application is a groundwater level monitoring and sampling device for water conservancy projects, which comprises a base, a plurality of adjustable support assemblies for supporting and limiting, a winding mechanism arranged on the upper end surface of the base, a pull rope wound on the winding mechanism, a sampling cylinder fixedly arranged at one end of the pull rope, a movement limiting assembly connected to the winding mechanism, the movement limiting assembly being capable of limiting the pull rope in the horizontal direction and changing the limiting distance of the pull rope, and a falling speed optimization system capable of controlling the falling speed of the sampling cylinder, which comprises:

[0009] a data acquisition module capable of acquiring state information of the sampling cylinder, environmental state information, hydrological state information, and rotation speed information of the winding mechanism;

[0010] a sampling cylinder state evaluation module, which is capable of constructing a sampling cylinder state evaluation model according to the weight of the selected sampling cylinder, the volume of the selected sampling cylinder and the elastic modulus of the selected pull rope, and outputting a sampling cylinder state evaluation coefficient;

[0011] a wind speed-limiting distance matching module, which is capable of constructing a wind speed-limiting distance matching model according to the sampling cylinder state evaluation coefficient, the external environment wind speed and the limiting distance of the movement limiting component, and outputting a wind speed-limiting distance matching coefficient;

[0012] an environment state evaluation module, which is capable of constructing an environment state evaluation model according to the air humidity information, the air temperature information and the dust concentration information in the air, and outputting an environment state evaluation coefficient;

[0013] a hydrological state evaluation module, which is capable of constructing a hydrological state evaluation model according to the underground water flow rate information, the underground water depth information and the impurity density information of the position reached by the sampling cylinder, and outputting a hydrological state evaluation coefficient;

[0014] a rotating speed regulation module, which is capable of constructing a rotating speed regulation model according to the initial rotating speed of the winding mechanism, the wind speed-limiting distance matching coefficient, the environment state evaluation coefficient and the hydrological state evaluation coefficient, and outputting the target rotating speed of the winding mechanism, while regulating the rotating speed of the winding mechanism to the target rotating speed.

[0015] In a further technical solution, the winding mechanism comprises a winding frame and a motor, the winding frame is fixedly connected with the base, the winding frame is fixedly connected with the motor, and the output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected with a rotating roller, which is used to wind and unwind the pull rope.

[0016] In a further technical solution, the movement limiting component comprises an electric telescopic rod and a limiting plate, the electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected with the lower end surface of the base, and the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected with the limiting plate.

[0017] In a further technical solution, the weight of the selected sampling cylinder is divided by the weight of the largest specification sampling cylinder to obtain the weight index of the sampling cylinder, the volume of the selected sampling cylinder is divided by the volume of the largest specification sampling cylinder to obtain the volume index of the sampling cylinder, and the elastic modulus of the selected pull rope is divided by the elastic modulus of the largest specification pull rope to obtain the elastic index of the pull rope; the sampling cylinder state evaluation model is:

[0018] ;

[0019] wherein the weight index of the sampling cylinder, , the elastic index of the pull rope; 、 and are weight coefficients, which are dimensionless. and , and are all greater than , is a sampling cylinder state evaluation coefficient.

[0020] Further technical solutions, the real-time limiting distance of the moving limiting component is divided by the maximum limiting distance of the moving limiting component to obtain the limiting distance index of the moving limiting component; the real-time wind speed of the external environment is divided by the best wind speed of the external environment to obtain the wind speed index, and the wind speed-limiting distance matching model is:

[0021] ;

[0022] wherein is the limiting distance index of the moving limiting component, is the wind speed index, is an extremely small constant, dimensionless, is a wind speed-limiting distance matching coefficient.

[0023] Further technical solutions, the real-time air humidity is divided by the highest air humidity in the detection period to obtain an air humidity index, the real-time air temperature is divided by the highest air temperature in the detection period to obtain an air temperature index, and the real-time air dust concentration is divided by the highest dust concentration in the detection period to obtain an air dust concentration index; the environment state evaluation model is:

[0024] ;

[0025] wherein , and are all weight coefficients, dimensionless, , and , and are all greater than ; is the air humidity index, is the air temperature index, is the air dust concentration index, is an environment state evaluation coefficient.

[0026] Further technical solutions, the groundwater flow rate of the position where the sampling cylinder is located is divided by the maximum monitored groundwater flow rate to obtain a flow rate index, the groundwater depth of the position where the sampling cylinder is located is divided by the maximum monitored groundwater depth to obtain a water depth index, and the impurity density of the position where the sampling cylinder is located is divided by the maximum monitored groundwater impurity density to obtain an impurity density index, and the hydrological state evaluation model is:

[0027] ;

[0028] wherein , and are weight coefficients, , and , and are greater than ; is a flow rate index, is a water depth index, is a impurity density index, is a hydrological state evaluation coefficient.

[0029] Further technical solutions, the rotating speed regulation model is:

[0030] ;

[0031] wherein is an initial rotating speed of the winding mechanism, , and are gain coefficients, dimensionless, and , and are greater than .

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0033] The application effectively suppresses the swing deviation of the sampling cylinder during falling, improves the accuracy of sample collection. By dynamically adjusting the limiting distance and winding speed, the stability problem caused by sudden change of wind speed and hydrological parameters is solved. Through multi-source data fusion and modeling evaluation, automatic adaptation of different specifications of equipment parameters is realized, reducing the operation complexity. By real-time monitoring of air temperature and humidity and dust concentration, the interference of environmental factors on the tension of the pull rope is reduced, prolonging the service life of the equipment.

[0034] The application solves the problem of inaccurate dynamic evaluation caused by the difference between different specifications of sampling cylinders and pull rope parameters, and realizes the quantitative evaluation of multi-parameter coupling through normalization index and weighted model. The introduction of weight index accurately represents the influence of self-weight on falling acceleration, the volume compensation term effectively offsets the change of fluid resistance, and the elastic compensation term suppresses the vibration interference caused by the deformation of the pull rope. The output of the evaluation coefficient provides a standardized input for the subsequent wind speed matching and environment regulation module, so that the falling speed regulation can dynamically adapt to the coordinated changes of sampling cylinder specifications, pull rope performance and environmental conditions, ultimately improving the stability of sampling trajectory and data accuracy.

[0035] The application can dynamically adjust the limiting distance according to the real-time wind speed, increase the limiting constraint to suppress the swing of the sampling cylinder in a strong wind environment, and reduce the limiting distance to reduce the friction of the pull rope in a weak wind environment, so as to maintain the vertical falling trajectory of the sampling cylinder in complex environmental conditions, and improve the sampling precision and equipment durability.

[0036] The application can dynamically adjust the winding mechanism speed under the interference of multiple factors such as sudden change of wind speed, fluctuation of underground water flow rate and mismatch of pull rope elasticity, suppress the swing and trajectory deviation of the sampling cylinder, and avoid mechanical damage caused by sudden change of speed, so as to improve the sampling efficiency and data reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the application;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the winding mechanism in the application;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the movable limiting assembly in the application;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a principle schematic diagram of the falling speed optimization system in the application.

[0041] In the drawings: 1, base; 2, adjustable support assembly; 3, winding mechanism; 31, winding frame; 32, motor; 4, fixed limiting hole; 5, movable limiting assembly; 51, electric telescopic rod; 52, limiting plate; 6, sampling cylinder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the application clearer and more apparent, the application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the application, and are not used to limit the application.

[0043] The specific implementation of the application will be described in detail below in combination with specific examples.

[0044] As Figures 1-4As shown, a groundwater level monitoring and sampling device for water conservancy projects provided by an embodiment of the application, including a base 1, the base 1 is rotatably connected with a plurality of adjustable support assemblies 2 for supporting and limiting, the base 1 is provided with a fixed limiting hole 4, the fixed limiting hole 4 is used for guiding the pull rope, the upper end surface of the base 1 is provided with a winding mechanism 3, the winding mechanism 3 is wound with a pull rope, one end of the pull rope is fixedly provided with a sampling cylinder 6, the winding mechanism 3 is connected with a moving limiting assembly 5, the moving limiting assembly 5 can limit the pull rope in the horizontal direction, and the moving limiting assembly 5 can change the limiting distance of the pull rope; It also includes a falling speed optimization system which can control the falling speed of the sampling cylinder 6, which includes:

[0045] The data acquisition module can acquire the state information of the sampling cylinder 6, the environmental state information, the hydrological state information and the rotating speed information of the winding mechanism 3;

[0046] The sampling cylinder 6 state evaluation module can construct a sampling cylinder 6 state evaluation model according to the weight of the selected sampling cylinder 6, the volume of the selected sampling cylinder 6 and the elastic modulus of the selected pull rope, and output a sampling cylinder 6 state evaluation coefficient;

[0047] The wind speed-limiting distance matching module can construct a wind speed-limiting distance matching model according to the sampling cylinder 6 state evaluation coefficient, the external environment wind speed and the limiting distance of the moving limiting assembly 5, and output a wind speed-limiting distance matching coefficient;

[0048] The environmental state evaluation module can construct an environmental state evaluation model according to the air humidity information, the air temperature information and the dust concentration information in the air, and output an environmental state evaluation coefficient;

[0049] The hydrological state evaluation module can construct a hydrological state evaluation model according to the groundwater flow rate information, the groundwater depth information and the impurity density information of the position reached by the sampling cylinder 6, and output a hydrological state evaluation coefficient;

[0050] The rotating speed control module can construct a rotating speed control model according to the initial rotating speed of the winding mechanism 3, the wind speed-limiting distance matching coefficient, the environmental state evaluation coefficient and the hydrological state evaluation coefficient, and output the target rotating speed of the winding mechanism 3, while controlling the rotating speed of the winding mechanism 3 to the target rotating speed.

[0051] The adjustable support assembly 2 refers to a support structure that realizes horizontal adjustment of the base 1 through rotary connection, which can be realized by a hydraulic support leg or a threaded adjusting rod, and is used to adapt to different terrain conditions and ensure the stability of the device. The winding mechanism 3 refers to a device that winds and controls the winding and unwinding of the pull rope, which can be realized by a structure that drives the rotating roller with a motor 32, and the falling speed of the sampling cylinder 6 is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed. The moving limiting assembly 5 refers to a limiting device that can move horizontally, which can be realized by a combination structure of an electric telescopic rod 51 and a limiting plate 52, and the swing of the pull rope is suppressed by changing the limiting distance. The falling speed optimization system refers to a calculation system based on a multi-source data evaluation model, which can be realized by an embedded controller and a sensor network, and is used to real-time regulate the rotating speed of the winding mechanism 3. The sampling cylinder 6 state evaluation module normalizes the weight, volume and elastic modulus of the sampling cylinder 6 to quantify the matching state of the equipment parameters. The wind speed-limiting distance matching module dynamically corrects the ratio relationship between the limiting distance and the wind speed to balance the wind resistance and the friction resistance. The environmental state evaluation module combines the weighted calculation of humidity, temperature and dust concentration to reflect the influence of air density on the tension of the pull rope. The rotating speed control module fuses the initial rotating speed and the evaluation coefficients with an exponential function to realize dynamic optimization of the winding speed.

[0052] Specifically, when the device is working, the adjustable support assembly 2 automatically adjusts the horizontal level of the base 1 according to the ground flatness to ensure that the winding mechanism 3 vertically winds and unwinds the pull rope. The data acquisition module real-time collects parameters such as the weight of the sampling cylinder 6, the elastic modulus of the pull rope, the environmental wind speed, the air temperature and humidity, and the groundwater flow rate. The sampling cylinder 6 state evaluation module calculates the weight index, volume index and elastic index, and outputs the state evaluation coefficient by weighted summation to reflect the influence of the equipment parameters on the falling stability. The wind speed-limiting distance matching module outputs the matching coefficient according to the ratio relationship between the wind speed index and the limiting distance index in combination with the state evaluation coefficient to drive the electric telescopic rod 51 to adjust the position of the limiting plate 52 and suppress the swing caused by wind load. The environmental state evaluation module calculates the normalized index of humidity, temperature and dust concentration, and outputs the environmental evaluation coefficient by weighted summation, which triggers the rotating speed adjustment when the air density changes cause the tension of the pull rope to be abnormal. The hydrological state evaluation module calculates the normalized index of water flow rate, water depth and impurity density, and outputs the hydrological evaluation coefficient by weighted summation to predict the influence of groundwater resistance on the trajectory of the sampling cylinder 6. The rotating speed control module substitutes the initial rotating speed, the matching coefficient, the environmental coefficient and the hydrological coefficient into an exponential function to dynamically calculate the target rotating speed and adjust the output of the motor 32, so that the sampling cylinder 6 can fall stably under complex working conditions.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the traditional device adopts a fixed limiting distance and a constant speed winding and unwinding strategy, which cannot cope with sudden changes in wind speed or groundwater flow rate. The application realizes dynamic matching of the limiting distance and the winding speed through the cooperation of the mobile limiting component 5 and the multi-module control. For example, when the wind speed increases, the system automatically increases the limiting distance and reduces the winding speed, which not only suppresses the swing but also avoids excessive friction of the pull rope; when the hydrological parameters deteriorate, the system compensates for the change in groundwater resistance by reducing the speed to prevent the sampling cylinder 6 from tilting. In addition, the application eliminates the adaptation differences of different specifications of the sampling cylinder 6 and the pull rope by normalizing the equipment parameters and environmental parameters, and reduces manual intervention.

[0054] Through the above technical solutions, the application effectively suppresses the swing deviation of the sampling cylinder 6 during the falling process, improves the accuracy of sample collection. By dynamically adjusting the limiting distance and the winding speed, the stability problem caused by sudden changes in wind speed and hydrological parameters is solved. Through multi-source data fusion and modeling evaluation, automatic adaptation of equipment parameters of different specifications is realized, and the operation complexity is reduced. By real-time monitoring of air temperature and humidity and dust concentration, the interference of environmental factors on the tension of the pull rope is reduced, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged.

[0055] As shown in Figure 2 As a preferred embodiment of the application, the winding mechanism 3 includes a winding frame 31 and a motor 32, the winding frame 31 is fixedly connected with the base 1, the winding frame 31 is fixedly connected with the motor 32, and the output shaft of the motor 32 is fixedly connected with a rotating roller, which winds and unwinds the pull rope.

[0056] Among them, the winding frame 31 refers to a rigid support structure for bearing the motor 32 and the rotating roller, which can be realized by a welded steel frame or a bolted frame, and the fixed connection with the base 1 can eliminate the mechanical vibration deviation during winding. The motor 32 refers to a power source for driving the rotating roller to rotate, which can be realized by a servo motor 32 or a stepping motor 32, and the rigid connection of the output shaft with the rotating roller can avoid power loss caused by transmission gap. The rotating roller refers to a cylindrical component for winding the pull rope, which can be realized by a metal roller body with anti-slip pattern on the surface, and the coaxial design with the motor 32 can reduce the speed fluctuation caused by the difference in moment of inertia.

[0057] Specifically, the winding frame 31 forms an integral support structure with the base 1 through a rigid connection mode, ensuring that the winding mechanism 3 does not displace or deform during dynamic operation. The motor 32 is fixed to a predetermined mounting position of the winding frame 31, and its output shaft is connected to the rotating roller through a keyway or flange without clearance, so that the torque of the motor 32 can be directly transmitted to the rotating roller. The rotating roller surface is uniformly wound with the pull rope, and the pull rope performs precise winding and unwinding motion under the drive of the motor 32. Since there is no intermediate transmission component between the motor 32 and the rotating roller, the power transmission path is shortened, and energy loss is reduced. The moment of inertia of the rotating roller is optimized by matching the output characteristics of the motor 32, so that the tension of the pull rope remains stable during the acceleration or deceleration stage, avoiding the deviation of the winding and unwinding speed caused by the inertia difference.

[0058] Through the above technical solution, the application solves the problem of trajectory deviation caused by loose structure of the traditional device, and improves the positioning accuracy of the pull rope winding and unwinding. The direct drive mode of the motor 32 avoids energy loss caused by multi-stage transmission, and improves the power output efficiency. The coaxial design of the rotating roller and the motor 32 reduces the moment of inertia difference, ensures the speed stability of the pull rope during start and stop, and thus realizes accurate control of the falling trajectory of the sampling cylinder 6.

[0059] As shown in Figure 3 As a preferred embodiment of the application, the movement limiting assembly 5 includes an electric telescopic rod 51 and a limiting plate 52, the electric telescopic rod 51 is fixedly connected with the lower end surface of the base 1, and the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 51 is fixedly connected with the limiting plate 52.

[0060] The electric telescopic rod 51 is a linear actuator that realizes telescopic motion through electric drive, which can be realized by a combination of a servo motor and a ball screw, and its telescopic stroke can be accurately controlled to adjust the position of the limiting plate 52. This feature dynamically balances the restraining force and external environmental disturbance force on the pull rope in the horizontal direction by changing the limiting distance. The limiting plate 52 is a rigid plate structure with a flat contact surface, which can be realized by an aluminum alloy plate with a wear-resistant coating on the surface, and its flat structure can uniformly disperse the contact pressure with the pull rope. This feature reduces local friction loss by increasing the contact area, avoiding wear of the pull rope due to stress concentration.

[0061] Specifically, the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 51 drives the limiting plate 52 to move in the vertical direction, and by changing the vertical distance between the limiting plate 52 and the winding mechanism 3, the dynamic adjustment of the limiting distance of the pull rope is realized. When the external wind speed increases, the electric telescopic rod 51 drives the limiting plate 52 to move to the downside, increases the limiting distance to enhance the horizontal restraint of the pull rope, and suppresses the swing amplitude of the sampling cylinder 6 caused by wind force; when the wind speed decreases, the electric telescopic rod 51 shortens the limiting distance, reducing the frictional resistance between the pull rope and the limiting plate 52.

[0062] Compared with the prior art, the traditional device adopts a fixed guide wheel or a static limiting block, and cannot adjust the limiting distance in real time according to the change of the wind speed, resulting in intensified swinging at high wind speed or increased friction loss at low wind speed. The scheme realizes dynamic adjustment of the limiting distance through the cooperative action of the electric telescopic rod 51 and the limiting plate 52, can enhance the constraint stability at high wind speed, and can reduce the running resistance at low wind speed, thereby breaking through the technical bottleneck that the fixed limiting device cannot balance the swing suppression and the friction loss.

[0063] Through the above technical scheme, the limiting distance can be actively adjusted according to the real-time change of the wind speed, the swing amplitude of the sampling cylinder 6 in the dynamic environment is effectively suppressed, the friction loss of the pull rope caused by excessive limiting is avoided, and the stability of the sampling process and the service life of the equipment are improved.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment of the application, the weight of the selected sampling cylinder 6 is divided by the weight of the largest specification sampling cylinder 6 to obtain the weight index of the sampling cylinder 6; the volume of the selected sampling cylinder 6 is divided by the volume of the largest specification sampling cylinder 6 to obtain the volume index of the sampling cylinder 6; the elastic modulus of the selected pull rope is divided by the elastic modulus of the largest specification pull rope to obtain the elasticity index of the pull rope; and the sampling cylinder state evaluation model is:

[0065] ;

[0066] Among them, is the weight index of the sampling cylinder 6, , is the elasticity index of the pull rope; , and are weight coefficients, dimensionless, , and , and are all greater than , is the sampling cylinder state evaluation coefficient.

[0067] Among them, the weight index refers to the ratio of the actual weight of the sampling cylinder 6 to the weight of the largest specification sampling cylinder 6, which can be calculated by measuring the weight of the sampling cylinder 6 by a weighing sensor and combining a preset maximum specification weight parameter, and is used to quantify the influence of the self-weight of the sampling cylinder 6 on the falling inertia; the volume index refers to the ratio of the actual volume of the sampling cylinder 6 to the volume of the largest specification sampling cylinder 6, which can be obtained by three-dimensional scanning or a preset specification parameter, and reflects the degree of resistance of the cylinder to underground water in the form of ; the elasticity index refers to the ratio of the actual elastic modulus of the pull rope to the elastic modulus of the largest specification pull rope, which can be obtained by a material parameter database or dynamic measurement by a tension sensor, and reflects the degree of resistance of the pull rope to the underground water in the form of The form represents the interference of the rope deformation on the motion stability; the weight coefficients a, b and g are dimensionless parameters, which can be calibrated by experiments or adjusted by adaptive algorithm according to different working conditions, and are used to balance the contribution of weight, volume and elasticity to the evaluation results.

[0068] Specifically, the weight, volume and rope elasticity modulus of the sampling cylinder 6 with different dimensions are converted into dimensionless indexes through normalization processing, so as to eliminate the influence of parameter specification difference on the evaluation. The weight index directly reflects the falling acceleration caused by the self-weight of the sampling cylinder 6, the volume index converts the fluid resistance caused by the volume increase into a linear superimposable negative factor, and the elasticity index converts the instability of the high elasticity modulus rope into a linear superimposable negative factor. The form converts the fluid resistance caused by the volume increase into a linear superimposable negative factor, and the elasticity index converts the instability of the high elasticity modulus rope into a linear superimposable negative factor. The weighted summation model is used to convert the nonlinear coupling relationship of the three into a linear calculable form, and the weight coefficients dynamically adjust the priority according to the actual working conditions, for example, the value of b is increased to strengthen the volume resistance compensation when the underground water flow rate is high. The final output of the sampling cylinder 6 state evaluation coefficient provides a unified quantitative benchmark for subsequent wind speed matching and environment regulation, and realizes dynamic and accurate evaluation under the coupling action of multiple parameters.

[0069] Compared with the prior art, the traditional method only judges the state of the sampling cylinder 6 by a fixed threshold, cannot eliminate the dimension difference of different specifications of equipment, and does not consider the synergistic effect of weight, volume and elasticity modulus. The present scheme constructs a multi-dimensional evaluation system through normalization index, combines the compensation form of 、 , effectively solves the problems of non-uniform parameter dimension, resistance and deformation coupling calculation complexity, and makes the evaluation coefficient dynamically adapt to the combination of different sampling cylinder 6 specifications and rope materials.

[0070] Through the above technical scheme, the present application solves the problem of inaccurate dynamic evaluation caused by the parameter difference of different specifications of sampling cylinder 6 and rope, realizes the quantitative evaluation of the coupling action of multiple parameters through normalization index and weighted model. The introduction of the weight index accurately represents the influence of the self-weight on the falling acceleration, the volume compensation term effectively offsets the change of fluid resistance, and the elasticity compensation term suppresses the vibration interference caused by the rope deformation. The output of the evaluation coefficient provides a standardized input for the subsequent wind speed matching and environment regulation module, so that the falling speed regulation can dynamically adapt to the synergistic change of the sampling cylinder 6 specifications, the rope performance and the environmental conditions, and finally improve the sampling trajectory stability and data accuracy.

[0071] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the real-time limiting distance of the moving limiting component 5 is divided by the maximum limiting distance of the moving limiting component 5 to obtain the limiting distance index of the moving limiting component 5; the real-time wind speed of the external environment is divided by the best wind speed of the external environment to obtain the wind speed index, and the wind speed-limiting distance matching model is: ​

[0072] ;

[0073] wherein is a limiting distance index of the mobile limiting assembly 5, is a wind speed index, is a minimum constant, dimensionless, is a wind speed-limiting distance matching coefficient.

[0074] The limiting distance index of the mobile limiting assembly 5 refers to the ratio of the real-time limiting distance to the maximum limiting distance, which can be obtained by measuring the real-time displacement data and calculating the displacement sensor, and is used to quantify the constraint range of the limiting assembly. The wind speed index refers to the ratio of the real-time wind speed to the optimal wind speed, which can be obtained by collecting environmental wind speed data and calculating the anemometer, and is used to represent the interference degree of wind on the sampling cylinder 6. The minimum constant refers to a value approaching zero, which can be set to 0.001 to avoid zero denominator, and is used to ensure the stability of the model calculation.

[0075] Specifically, the limiting distance index of the mobile limiting assembly 5 is converted into a dimensionless parameter by the ratio of the real-time displacement to the maximum displacement, reflecting the horizontal constraint ability of the limiting plate 52 to the pull rope. When the wind speed increases, the wind speed index rises, and if the limiting distance is not adjusted synchronously, the denominator item in the model will increase, which will lead to a decrease in the matching coefficient, triggering the subsequent regulation module to increase the limiting distance or reduce the winding and unwinding speed. Conversely, when the wind speed decreases, the model automatically reduces the demand for limiting distance to reduce friction. At the same time, the state evaluation coefficient of the sampling cylinder 6 is used as the weight factor of the numerator, combined with the weight, volume and elastic parameters of the sampling cylinder 6, to further correct the matching relationship between the limiting distance and the wind speed, for example, when the weight of the sampling cylinder 6 is larger, the state evaluation coefficient increases, the matching coefficient increases accordingly, allowing the limiting distance to be appropriately reduced under the same wind speed to reduce friction loss.

[0076] Compared with the prior art, the traditional device usually adopts a fixed limiting distance or manual experience adjustment method, which cannot respond to the dynamic coupling relationship between wind speed changes and equipment parameters in real time. For example, when the wind speed suddenly increases, fixed limiting may cause the pull rope to swing more, and manual adjustment has hysteresis. The present scheme establishes a quantitative model, and the wind speed, limiting distance and state parameters of the sampling cylinder 6 are included in the unified calculation framework to realize the automatic matching of the limiting distance and the wind speed, which not only avoids the friction resistance caused by excessive limiting, but also eliminates the swing problem caused by wind interference.

[0077] By the technical solution, the limiting distance can be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time wind speed, the limiting constraint is increased to suppress the swing of the sampling cylinder 6 in a strong wind environment, and the limiting distance is reduced to reduce the friction of the pull rope in a weak wind environment, so that the vertical falling trajectory of the sampling cylinder 6 is maintained in complex environmental conditions, and the sampling precision and equipment durability are improved.

[0078] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the real-time air humidity is divided by the maximum air humidity in the detection period to obtain an air humidity index, the real-time air temperature is divided by the maximum air temperature in the detection period to obtain an air temperature index, and the real-time air dust concentration is divided by the maximum dust concentration in the detection period to obtain an air dust concentration index; the environment state evaluation model is:

[0079]

[0080] wherein , and are weight coefficients, dimensionless, , and , and are greater than ; is the air humidity index, is the air temperature index, is the air dust concentration index, is the environment state evaluation coefficient.

[0081] wherein the real-time air humidity refers to the currently detected air humidity value, which can be specifically realized by a humidity sensor and is used to reflect the risk degree of condensation of pollutants on the surface of the sampling cylinder 6. The real-time air temperature refers to the currently detected air temperature value, which can be specifically realized by a temperature sensor and is used to evaluate the influence of high temperature on the chemical stability of the sampling cylinder 6. The real-time air dust concentration refers to the currently detected content of suspended particulate matter in the air, which can be specifically realized by a dust sensor and is used to quantify the pollution risk of dust to the sampling cylinder 6. The air humidity index is obtained by normalizing the real-time humidity with the maximum humidity in the detection period, which is used to eliminate the dimension difference of humidity in different detection periods. The air temperature index is obtained by normalizing the real-time temperature with the maximum temperature in the detection period, which is used to eliminate the influence of temperature fluctuation on the evaluation result. The air dust concentration index is obtained by normalizing the real-time dust concentration with the maximum dust concentration in the detection period, which is used to unify the dust pollution evaluation benchmark under different working conditions. The weight coefficients , and are used to assign priorities according to the contribution of environmental parameters to the pollution risk of the sampling cylinder 6.

[0082] ​Specifically, the air humidity, temperature and dust concentration data are collected in real time by the humidity sensor, temperature sensor and dust sensor, and the maximum values of each parameter in the detection period are calculated by ratio calculation to obtain the corresponding humidity index, temperature index and dust concentration index. After the three indexes are weighted and summed by the weight coefficient, the environmental state evaluation coefficient is generated, which comprehensively reflects the overall influence degree of the current environment on the pollution risk of the sampling cylinder 6. When the environmental state evaluation coefficient increases, at least one parameter of air humidity, temperature or dust concentration approaches the extreme value in the detection period, at which time the falling speed of the sampling cylinder 6 is increased to shorten its exposure time in the polluted environment, thereby reducing the sample pollution risk. For example, in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the increase of the environmental state evaluation coefficient triggers the winding mechanism 3 to accelerate, so that the sampling cylinder 6 quickly reaches the target depth to reduce the attachment of surface condensate; when the dust concentration suddenly increases, by adjusting the proportion of the weight coefficient , the influence of dust pollution on sampling quality is preferentially inhibited.

[0083] Compared with the prior art, the traditional method only judges the environmental state by manual observation or single parameter threshold, and cannot quantify the influence of the coupling of multiple factors on the pollution of the sampling cylinder 6. The constant speed winding and unwinding strategy in the prior art cannot dynamically adjust the speed when the environmental parameters suddenly change, resulting in that the sampling cylinder 6 stays in the harsh environment for too long. The present scheme eliminates the dimensional difference through normalization processing, and dynamically allocates the weight of the environmental parameters by combining the weighted model, so as to realize the quantitative evaluation of the compound environmental conditions, so that the winding mechanism 3 can accurately control the falling speed of the sampling cylinder 6 according to the real-time environmental state.

[0084] Through the above technical scheme, the present application solves the problem that the traditional device cannot dynamically adjust the sampling speed when the air humidity, temperature and dust concentration change. By constructing the environmental state evaluation coefficient, the falling speed of the sampling cylinder 6 is automatically increased in a high-temperature, high-humidity or high-dust-concentration environment to reduce its exposure time in the polluted environment. For example, in a sandstorm weather, the system preferentially responds to the dust pollution risk and accelerates the movement of the sampling cylinder 6 by increasing the dust concentration weight coefficient, thereby effectively avoiding the sample distortion caused by the attachment of particulate matter. At the same time, the normalization processing eliminates the dimensional difference of the parameters in different detection periods, ensuring the applicability of the evaluation model in different working conditions. The dynamic allocation mechanism of the weight coefficient further enhances the adaptability of the system to complex environmental conditions, making the sampling speed control more accurate and reliable.

[0085] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the flow rate index is obtained by dividing the underground water flow rate at the position of the sampling cylinder 6 by the maximum monitored underground water flow rate, the water depth index is obtained by dividing the underground water depth at the position of the sampling cylinder 6 by the maximum monitored underground water depth, and the impurity density index is obtained by dividing the impurity density at the position of the sampling cylinder 6 by the maximum monitored underground water impurity density. The hydrological state evaluation model is:

[0086] ;

[0087] wherein , and are weight coefficients, , and , and are greater than ; is a flow rate index, is a water depth index, is a impurity density index, is a hydrological state evaluation coefficient.

[0088] wherein, the flow rate index refers to a dimensionless parameter calculated by comparing the real-time groundwater flow rate with the monitored maximum flow rate, which can be realized by real-time data collection of flow rate sensors combined with preset maximum flow rate values, and is used to reflect the impact of current water flow on the sampling cylinder 6. The water depth index refers to a dimensionless parameter calculated by comparing the real-time groundwater depth with the monitored maximum depth, which can be realized by obtaining data from pressure sensors or ultrasonic ranging devices combined with preset maximum depth values, and is used to represent the change of buoyancy and water pressure on the sampling cylinder 6. The impurity density index refers to a dimensionless parameter calculated by comparing the real-time impurity density with the monitored maximum impurity density, which can be realized by collecting data from optical turbidity meters or suspended solids concentration sensors combined with preset maximum impurity density values, and is used to quantify the influence of impurities in water on the movement resistance of the sampling cylinder 6. The weight coefficients , and refer to the distribution ratio of the sensitivity of each parameter to the actual hydrological conditions, which can be determined by experimental calibration or historical data analysis, and is used to adjust the contribution of different hydrological factors to the evaluation results.

[0089] Specifically, during the lowering of the sampling cylinder 6, the flow rate sensor, the pressure sensor, and the turbidity sensor respectively collect the groundwater flow rate, water depth, and impurity density data in real time. Each parameter is normalized by dividing the maximum value in the corresponding monitoring history to generate a flow rate index, a water depth index, and an impurity density index. The weight coefficients are pre-assigned according to the hydrological characteristics of the operation area, for example, the weight of the flow rate index is set to a higher value in the area where turbulent flow is frequent, and the weight of the impurity density index is increased in the area where impurities are rich. The three indices are weighted and summed to obtain a hydrological state evaluation coefficient, which is input into the rotation speed regulation module as the basis for adjusting the rotation speed of the winding mechanism 3. When the hydrological state evaluation coefficient increases, it indicates that the groundwater flow rate increases, the water depth increases, or the impurity density increases, at which time the winding mechanism 3 reduces the rotation speed to slow down the falling speed of the sampling cylinder 6, so as to avoid the inclination of the sampling cylinder 6 caused by water flow impact or sudden resistance; otherwise, the rotation speed is increased to improve the sampling efficiency.

[0090] Compared with the prior art, the traditional method only relies on a single hydrological parameter or manually adjusts the sampling speed according to experience, and cannot quantify the influence of the coupling of multiple factors on the motion of the sampling cylinder 6. For example, the prior art does not consider the implicit interference of impurity density change on the tension of the pull rope, which causes the sampling cylinder 6 to be prone to stagnation in the area rich in impurities. The present scheme solves the problem of mismatch between the sampling speed and the real-time environment under dynamic hydrological conditions by constructing a comprehensive evaluation model to convert the dispersed hydrological parameters into a unified regulation signal.

[0091] Through the above technical scheme, the present application can dynamically adjust the falling speed of the sampling cylinder 6 according to the real-time changes of the groundwater flow rate, water depth, and impurity density, automatically reduce the speed in the area of strong water flow or high impurity density to reduce the sampling disturbance, and increase the speed in the area of smooth water flow and less impurities to shorten the sampling time. Thus, the problems of stagnation, inclination, or uneven mixing of samples of the sampling cylinder 6 caused by sudden changes in hydrological parameters are avoided, and the accuracy and operation efficiency of the sampling data are improved.

[0092] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the rotation speed regulation model is:

[0093] ;

[0094] wherein is the initial rotation speed of the winding mechanism 3, , and are gain coefficients, dimensionless, and , and are all greater than .

[0095] wherein the gain coefficients is a weight parameter for adjusting the influence of the wind speed-limit distance matching coefficient on the target speed, which can be specifically realized by pre-set experimental calibration or dynamic adjustment of adaptive algorithm, and is used to balance the contribution of wind speed change and limit distance adjustment to speed regulation. Gain coefficient is a weight parameter for adjusting the influence of the environmental state evaluation coefficient on the target speed, which can be specifically obtained by fitting the environmental sensor data and historical operation records, and is used to quantify the influence of air temperature, humidity and dust concentration on the running stability of the winding mechanism 3. Gain coefficient is a weight parameter for suppressing the influence of the hydrological state evaluation coefficient on the target speed, which can be specifically realized by real-time feedback of groundwater parameters and dynamic threshold setting, and is used to offset the interference of groundwater flow rate, depth and impurity density on the motion trajectory of the sampling cylinder 6.

[0096] Specifically, the technical scheme couples the initial speed with multi-dimensional dynamic parameters through an exponential function to form a nonlinear regulation mechanism. When the wind speed increases to cause the wind speed-limit distance matching coefficient to decrease, the gain coefficient will suppress the negative influence of the parameter and reduce the target speed to reduce the swing of the sampling cylinder 6; when the environmental state evaluation coefficient increases due to high temperature or high dust concentration, the gain coefficient will enhance the positive regulation of the parameter on the speed and improve the response sensitivity of the winding mechanism 3; when the hydrological state evaluation coefficient increases with the increase of groundwater flow rate or impurity density, the gain coefficient will reduce the target speed through a negative weight to avoid the deviation of the sampling cylinder 6 due to water flow impact. Through exponential operation, small parameter changes are amplified to significant speed adjustment, realizing fast dynamic response while avoiding mechanical impact.

[0097] Compared with the prior art, the traditional method uses a fixed limit distance combined with linear speed regulation, which cannot effectively cope with wind speed mutation and hydrological parameter coupling interference. For example, the constant speed motor 32 is prone to cause the sampling cylinder 6 to be retained when the impurity density suddenly increases, and it is difficult for the fixed gain coefficient to balance the differentiated influence of environmental temperature, humidity and dust concentration. The present scheme dynamically fuses multi-source parameters through a nonlinear model and realizes precise regulation by using differentiated weights of the gain coefficient, solving the problems of poor parameter adaptability and environmental response lag in the prior art.

[0098] Through the above technical scheme, the present application can dynamically adjust the speed of the winding mechanism 3 under the interference of wind speed mutation, groundwater flow rate fluctuation and rope elasticity mismatch, suppress the swing and trajectory deviation of the sampling cylinder 6, and avoid mechanical damage caused by sudden speed change, thereby improving sampling efficiency and data reliability.

[0099] The above merely describes preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not used to limit the present application, any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A groundwater level monitoring and sampling device for water conservancy projects, comprising a base (1), wherein the base (1) is rotatably connected to a plurality of adjustable support components (2) for supporting and limiting, a winding mechanism (3) is provided on the upper end face of the base (1), a pull rope is wound around the winding mechanism (3), a sampling tube (6) is fixedly provided at one end of the pull rope, and a moving limiting component (5) is connected to the winding mechanism (3), the moving limiting component (5) can limit the pull rope in the horizontal direction, and the moving limiting component (5) can change the limiting distance of the pull rope; further comprising a falling speed optimization system, which can regulate the falling speed of the sampling tube (6), comprising: The data acquisition module is able to acquire the status information of the sampling tube (6), environmental status information, hydrological status information, and rotation speed information of the winding mechanism (3); The sampling tube (6) state assessment module can construct a sampling tube (6) state assessment model based on the weight of the selected sampling tube (6), the volume of the selected sampling tube (6) and the elastic modulus of the selected pull rope, and output the sampling tube (6) state assessment coefficient. The wind speed-limit distance matching module can construct a wind speed-limit distance matching model based on the sampling tube (6) state evaluation coefficient, the external environment wind speed and the limit distance of the moving limit component (5), and output the wind speed-limit distance matching coefficient. The environmental status assessment module can construct an environmental status assessment model based on air humidity, air temperature, and dust concentration information, and output environmental status assessment coefficients. The hydrological state assessment module can construct a hydrological state assessment model based on the groundwater flow velocity information, groundwater depth information and impurity density information at the location reached by the sampling tube (6), and output the hydrological state assessment coefficient. The speed control module can construct a speed control model based on the initial speed of the winding mechanism (3), the wind speed-limit distance matching coefficient, the environmental state assessment coefficient and the hydrological state assessment coefficient, and output the target speed of the winding mechanism (3), while controlling the speed of the winding mechanism (3) to the target speed.

2. The groundwater level monitoring and sampling device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The winding mechanism (3) includes a winding frame (31) and a motor (32). The winding frame (31) is fixedly connected to the base (1). The winding frame (31) is fixedly connected to the motor (32). The output shaft of the motor (32) is fixedly connected to a rotating roller, which is used to wind and unwind the rope.

3. The groundwater level monitoring and sampling device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable limiting component (5) includes an electric telescopic rod (51) and a limiting plate (52). The electric telescopic rod (51) is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the base (1), and the telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod (51) is fixedly connected to the limiting plate (52).

4. The groundwater level monitoring and sampling device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weight index of the sampling cylinder (6) is obtained by dividing the weight of the selected sampling cylinder (6) by the weight of the largest specification sampling cylinder (6); the volume index of the sampling cylinder (6) is obtained by dividing the volume of the selected sampling cylinder (6) by the volume of the largest specification sampling cylinder (6); the elastic modulus of the selected pull rope is obtained by dividing the elastic modulus of the largest specification pull rope; the sampling cylinder state evaluation model is as follows: ； in The weight index of the sampling cylinder (6) is given. , The elasticity index of the rope; , as well as All are weighting coefficients, dimensionless. ,and , as well as All greater than , This is the sampling cylinder condition evaluation coefficient.

5. The groundwater level monitoring and sampling device for water conservancy projects according to claim 4, characterized in that, The limiting distance index of the moving limiting component (5) is obtained by dividing the real-time limiting distance of the moving limiting component (5) by the maximum limiting distance of the moving limiting component (5); the wind speed index is obtained by dividing the real-time wind speed of the external environment by the optimal wind speed of the external environment. The wind speed-limiting distance matching model is as follows: ； in The limiting distance index of the moving limiting component (5) Wind speed index It is a very small constant, dimensionless. This is the wind speed-limit distance matching coefficient.

6. The groundwater level monitoring and sampling device for water conservancy projects according to claim 5, characterized in that, The air humidity index is obtained by dividing the real-time air humidity by the highest air humidity during the detection period; the air temperature index is obtained by dividing the real-time air temperature by the highest air temperature during the detection period; and the air dust concentration index is obtained by dividing the real-time air dust concentration by the highest dust concentration during the detection period. The environmental status assessment model is as follows: ； in , as well as All are weighting coefficients, dimensionless. ,and , as well as All greater than ; The air humidity index. The air temperature index. This refers to the air dust concentration index. This is the environmental status assessment coefficient.

7. The groundwater level monitoring and sampling device for water conservancy projects according to claim 6, characterized in that, The velocity index is obtained by dividing the groundwater flow velocity at the location of the sampling tube (6) by the maximum monitored groundwater flow velocity; the depth index is obtained by dividing the groundwater depth at the location of the sampling tube (6) by the maximum monitored groundwater depth; and the impurity density index is obtained by dividing the impurity density at the location of the sampling tube (6) by the maximum monitored groundwater impurity density. The hydrological state assessment model is as follows: ； in , as well as All are weighting coefficients. ,and , as well as All greater than ; The velocity index is the flow rate index. The water depth index. The impurity density index, This is the hydrological condition assessment coefficient.

8. The groundwater level monitoring and sampling device for water conservancy projects according to claim 7, characterized in that, The speed control model is as follows: ； in The initial rotational speed of the winding mechanism (3) is... , as well as Both are gain coefficients, and , as well as All greater than .

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