Nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathode catalysts, and discloses a nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst, a nitrogen-doped porous carbon material derived from zeolite imidazole skeleton-8 is taken as a carrier, and the metal elements of a high-entropy intermetallic compound comprise platinum, copper, cobalt, nickel and iron or platinum, ruthenium, copper, cobalt, nickel and iron. The preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing a zeolite imidazole framework 8; 2, preparing and purifying a nitrogen-doped porous carbon material carrier; step 3, loading a metal precursor; and 4, preparing the nano-scale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst. Nanoscale, high dispersity and structure ordering of the high-entropy intermetallic compound are achieved, the high-entropy intermetallic compound serves as a PEMFC cathode catalyst, the ORR quality activity and durability can be remarkably improved, and Pt loading capacity and cost are effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of proton exchange membrane fuel cell cathode catalyst technology, specifically relating to a nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered the most promising hydrogen fuel cell technology due to their advantages such as high efficiency, low-temperature operation, and zero carbon emissions. However, Pt-based catalysts are still the mainstream choice for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the PEMFC cathode. Their high cost, scarcity, and insufficient durability due to the dissolution and agglomeration of Pt particles severely restrict the large-scale commercial application of PEMFCs.

[0003] High-entropy intermetallic compounds (HEIs) combine the compositional flexibility of high-entropy alloys with the structural orderliness of intermetallic compounds, exhibiting unique advantages in ORR catalysis. HEI preparation typically relies on high-temperature annealing to promote the ordered arrangement of metal atoms and orbital interactions; however, this process easily induces sintering of active particles, resulting in excessively large particle sizes and uneven distribution. This severely weakens the intrinsic high activity of the catalyst and hinders its efficient utilization in PEMFCs. Therefore, achieving nanoscale formation and high dispersion of HEIs while maintaining their high orderliness has become a key challenge in overcoming current technological bottlenecks and promoting the development of high-performance ORR catalysts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst, its preparation method, and its application. By utilizing the spatial confinement effect of nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials derived from ZIF-8, the thermodynamic limitations of sintering coarsening of active components are overcome, simultaneously achieving nanoscale scaling, high dispersion, and structural ordering of high-entropy intermetallic compounds. This significantly improves the quality activity and durability of ORR (Organic Reactive Metal), and effectively reduces the cathode Pt loading and cost.

[0005] To achieve the aforementioned objectives of reducing cathode Pt loading and cost, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst, characterized in that: the catalyst uses a nitrogen-doped porous carbon material derived from ZIF-8 as a support, and the nanoparticle size of the high-entropy intermetallic compound is 1-5 nm.

[0007] Furthermore, the high-entropy intermetallic compound metal elements include: platinum, copper, cobalt, nickel and iron or platinum, ruthenium, copper, cobalt, nickel and iron, wherein the total molar ratio of platinum to non-precious metal elements is 1 to 2:4, and the total molar ratio of ruthenium to non-precious metal elements is 1:4.

[0008] Furthermore, the non-precious metal elements include copper, cobalt, nickel, and iron, and the molar ratio of copper, cobalt, nickel, and iron is 1:1:1:1.

[0009] A method for preparing a nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst, the catalyst preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Preparation of zeolite imidazole skeleton-8;

[0011] Step 2: Preparation and purification of nitrogen-doped porous carbon material support;

[0012] Step 3: Loading the metal precursor;

[0013] Step 4: Preparation of nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalysts.

[0014] Furthermore, the preparation method of the zeolite imidazole skeleton-8 described in step one is as follows:

[0015] 0.550 g of zinc acetate dihydrate was dissolved in 40 mL of methanol solution as solution A; 0.985 g of 2-methylimidazole was dissolved in 40 mL of methanol solution as solution B; solution B was added to solution A under magnetic stirring and the mixture was stirred continuously at room temperature for 24 h; after the reaction was completed, the white precipitate was collected by centrifugation and washed three times with methanol solution; the washed white solid was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60 °C for 10 h to obtain zeolite imidazole framework-8 powder.

[0016] Furthermore, the preparation and purification method of the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material support in step two is as follows:

[0017] The zeolite imidazole framework-8 powder obtained in step one was placed in a tube furnace and heated to 950°C at a rate of 10°C / min under an Ar atmosphere and held for 2 hours. After the holding period, the Ar gas flow was maintained and the furnace was allowed to cool naturally to room temperature to obtain a black powder of nitrogen-doped porous carbon material containing residual ZnO.

[0018] Nitrogen-doped porous carbon material containing residual ZnO was dissolved and removed by stirring continuously at 60°C for 3 hours in 0.3M HCl. The black precipitate was collected by centrifugation and washed with deionized water until the pH of the washing solution was neutral. The washed black solid was dried in a vacuum drying oven for 10 hours to obtain nitrogen-doped porous carbon material carrier powder.

[0019] Furthermore, the metal precursor loading method described in step three is as follows:

[0020] Platinum acetylacetonate, copper acetylacetonate, cobalt acetylacetonate, nickel acetylacetonate, and iron acetylacetonate were added to 30 mL of acetone solution to form a homogeneous mixed solution. The molar ratio of Pt:Cu:Co:Ni:Fe was controlled to be 1–2:1:1:1:1, and the amount of platinum acetylacetonate added was 0.01–0.02 mmol.

[0021] Alternatively, platinum acetylacetonate, ruthenium acetylacetonate, copper acetylacetonate, cobalt acetylacetonate, nickel acetylacetonate, and iron acetylacetonate can be added to 30 mL of acetone solution to form a homogeneous mixed solution, with the molar ratio of Pt:Ru:Cu:Co:Ni:Fe controlled at 1:1:1:1:1:1, and the amount of platinum acetylacetonate added being 0.01 mmol.

[0022] 50 mg of nitrogen-doped porous carbon material was dispersed in the prepared homogeneous mixed solution and ultrasonically stirred for 1 h. The solution was heated to 70 °C and stirred to evaporate most of the acetone. Then, it was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 70 °C for 12 h to obtain nitrogen-doped porous carbon material composite powder loaded with metal precursor.

[0023] Further, the platinum acetylacetonate, copper acetylacetonate, cobalt acetylacetonate, nickel acetylacetonate, and iron acetylacetonate are added to 30 mL of acetone solution to form a homogeneous mixed solution, and the molar ratio of Pt:Cu:Co:Ni:Fe is controlled at 1:1:1:1:1, wherein the amount of platinum acetylacetonate added is 0.01 mmol.

[0024] Furthermore, the preparation method of the nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst in step four is as follows:

[0025] Nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite powder loaded with metal precursors was heated to 800℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min in a 10% H2 / Ar mixed atmosphere and held for 4h. After the holding period, the furnace was allowed to cool naturally to room temperature while maintaining a 10% H2 / Ar gas flow to obtain a nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst.

[0026] A method for applying a nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst to a redox reaction is disclosed. The method first activates the catalyst by performing cyclic voltammetry in a nitrogen-saturated 0.1M perchloric acid solution. After activation, the catalyst is subjected to linear sweep voltammetry and accelerated durability tests in an oxygen-saturated 0.1M perchloric acid solution.

[0027] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst, its preparation method, and its application, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0028] By leveraging the spatial confinement effect of nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials derived from the zeolite imidazole framework-8, ultra-small particle size control, single-particle dispersion, and structural ordering of HEI were simultaneously achieved during high-temperature ordered annealing. The resulting Pt-based HEI catalyst exhibited excellent ORR catalytic activity, with both half-wave potential and mass activity superior to commercial 20% Pt / C catalysts. The synergistic effect of the confinement protection provided by nitrogen-doped porous carbon and the inherent high stability of the structurally ordered HEI effectively suppressed the dissolution, migration, and aggregation of active components, resulting in superior long-term operational durability compared to commercial 20% Pt / C catalysts. Furthermore, the nano-sizing of the catalyst improved the utilization rate of precious metals such as Pt and significantly reduced the precious metal content, effectively alleviating the constraint of high catalyst cost on the large-scale application of PEMFCs. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a high-resolution transmission electron microscope image of the nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst obtained in Example 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] This invention provides a method for preparing and applying nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalysts.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst PtCuCoNiFe / NPC, the catalyst preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0034] Step 1: Dissolve 0.550 g of zinc acetate dihydrate in 40 mL of methanol solution, as solution A; dissolve 0.985 g of 2-methylimidazole in 40 mL of methanol solution, as solution B. Add solution B to solution A under magnetic stirring and continue stirring at room temperature for 24 h. After the reaction is complete, collect the white precipitate by centrifugation and wash three times with methanol solution. Dry the washed white solid in a vacuum drying oven at 60 °C for 10 h to obtain zeolite imidazole framework-8 powder.

[0035] Step 2: The zeolite imidazole framework-8 powder obtained in Step 1 was placed in a tube furnace and heated to 950℃ at a rate of 10℃ / min under an Ar atmosphere, and held for 2 hours. During this high-temperature pyrolysis process, the organic ligand (2-methylimidazolium) pyrolyzes and carbonizes to form a nitrogen-doped porous carbon framework; most of the metallic Zn escapes in gaseous form, and the remaining small amount of Zn is oxidized to form ZnO nanoparticles. After the holding period, the Ar gas flow was maintained, and the furnace was allowed to cool naturally to room temperature to obtain a black powder of nitrogen-doped porous carbon material (ZnO-NPC) containing residual ZnO.

[0036] The obtained ZnO-NPC was dissolved and removed from the residual ZnO nanoparticles by stirring continuously in 0.3M HCl at 60°C for 3 hours. The black precipitate was collected by centrifugation and washed with deionized water until the pH of the washing solution was neutral. The washed black solid was dried in a vacuum drying oven for 10 hours to obtain nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NPC) material carrier powder.

[0037] Step 3: Add platinum acetylacetonate, copper acetylacetonate, cobalt acetylacetonate, nickel acetylacetonate, and iron acetylacetonate to 30 mL of acetone solution to form a homogeneous mixed solution. Control the molar ratio of Pt:Cu:Co:Ni:Fe to 2:1:1:1:1, with the amount of platinum acetylacetonate added being 0.02 mmol.

[0038] 50 mg of NPC was dispersed in the prepared homogeneous mixed solution and ultrasonically stirred for 1 h. The solution was heated to 70 °C and stirred to evaporate most of the acetone. Then, it was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 70 °C for 12 h to obtain NPC composite powder loaded with Pt, Cu, Co, Ni and Fe precursors.

[0039] Step 4: The NPC composite powder loaded with Pt, Cu, Co, Ni, and Fe precursors obtained in Step 3 was heated to 800℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min in a 10% H2 / Ar mixed atmosphere and held at this temperature for 4 hours. Under the influence of high temperature and the spatial confinement effect of NPC, Pt, Cu, Co, Ni, and Fe atoms interdiffused, forming a single-phase solid solution and further undergoing an ordered transformation to form nanoscale PtCuCoNiFe HEI with a defined crystal structure. After the holding period, the furnace was allowed to cool naturally to room temperature while maintaining a 10% H2 / Ar gas flow, yielding the nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst PtCuCoNiFe / NPC.

[0040] The microstructure of the nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst PtCuCoNiZn / NPC prepared in Example 1 was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Please refer to the appendix. Figure 1PtCuCoNiFe HEI is uniformly dispersed on nitrogen-doped porous carbon material, exhibiting a highly ordered structure and a particle size ranging from 1 to 2.5 nm. The spatial confinement effect of nitrogen-doped porous carbon effectively suppresses particle growth, significantly improving the utilization rate of the noble metal Pt. Single-particle elemental energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis revealed that all metal atoms are uniformly distributed and well-mixed, with a mixing configuration entropy value of 1.53R.

[0041] A method for applying the nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst PtCuCoNiFe / NPC prepared in Example 1 to a redox reaction, with the following test conditions:

[0042] First, cyclic voltammetry (CV) scans were performed in a nitrogen-saturated 0.1M perchloric acid solution to activate the catalyst. The scan range was 0.05–1.1 V (vs. RHE), the scan rate was 200 mV / s, and the number of scan cycles was 60. After activation, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) was performed on the catalyst in an oxygen-saturated 0.1M perchloric acid solution. The rotating disk electrode speed was 1600 rpm, the potential range was 0–1.2 V (vs. RHE), and the scan rate was 10 mV / s, obtaining the polarization curve of the catalyst. Accelerated durability testing (ADT) was performed in an oxygen-saturated 0.1M perchloric acid solution, with 30,000 CV scans at a scan rate of 200 mV / s, and the potential range was 0.4–1.0 V (vs. RHE). Subsequently, LSV tests were performed on the catalyst after the ADT in an oxygen-saturated 0.1M perchloric acid solution to obtain the polarization curve of the catalyst after the ADT. The test results are listed in Table 1.

[0043] The nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst PtCuCoNiFe / NPC prepared in Example 1 exhibits a maximum half-wave potential of 0.902 V, representing a 37 mV increase compared to the commercial 20% Pt / C catalyst, indicating excellent ORR catalytic performance. At 0.90 V, the catalyst's normalized noble metal mass activity (MA) is 1.26 A / mg noble metal, 9.8 times that of the commercial 20% Pt / C catalyst, demonstrating high noble metal utilization efficiency and excellent ORR performance. After 30,000 cycles of CV testing, the catalyst's half-wave potential only decreased by 9 mV, while the commercial 20% Pt / C catalyst showed a 52 mV decrease after accelerated durability testing, indicating that the prepared catalyst possesses higher stability.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] This embodiment provides a nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst PtCuCoNiFe / NPC with low noble metal content and its preparation method. The catalyst preparation method includes the following steps:

[0046] The other steps in this embodiment are the same as in embodiment 1, except that in step three, the molar ratio of Pt:Cu:Co:Ni:Fe is 1:1:1:1:1, and the amount of platinum acetylacetone added is 0.01 mmol.

[0047] Example 2 prepared a low-noble-metal-content nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst, PtCuCoNiFe / NPC. PtCuCoNiFe HEI was uniformly dispersed on nitrogen-doped porous carbon material, exhibiting a highly ordered structure with a particle size of 2–4 nm. All metal atoms were uniformly distributed and well-mixed, with a mixing configuration entropy of 1.52R. This result indicates that the proportion of constituent elements in the high-entropy intermetallic compound can be controlled by adjusting the amount of metal salt added, thus enabling targeted optimization of catalytic activity.

[0048] The low-noble-metal-content nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst PtCuCoNiFe / NPC prepared in Example 2 was applied to the ORR reaction. The test conditions were the same as in Example 1, and the test results are listed in Table 1.

[0049] Example 2 shows that the half-wave potential of the low-noble-metal-content nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst PtCuCoNiFe / NPC is 0.886 V, representing a 21 mV increase compared to the commercial 20% Pt / C catalyst. At 0.90 V, the normalized noble-metal MA of the catalyst is 0.882 A / mg noble metal, which is 6.8 times that of the commercial 20% Pt / C catalyst. After 30,000 cycles of CV testing, the half-wave potential decayed by 20 mV, demonstrating superior stability compared to the commercial 20% Pt / C catalyst.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] This embodiment provides a nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst PtRuCuCoNiFe / NPC and its preparation method. The catalyst preparation method includes the following steps:

[0052] Similar to Example 1, except that in step three, platinum acetylacetonate, ruthenium acetylacetonate, copper acetylacetonate, cobalt acetylacetonate, nickel acetylacetonate, and iron acetylacetonate are added to 30 mL of acetone solution to form a homogeneous mixed solution. The molar ratio of Pt:Ru:Cu:Co:Ni:Fe is controlled at 1:1:1:1:1:1, and the amount of platinum acetylacetonate added is 0.01 mmol.

[0053] Example 3 prepared a nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst, PtRuCuCoNiFe / NPC, in which PtRuCuCoNiFe HEI is uniformly dispersed on nitrogen-doped porous carbon material. The catalyst exhibits a highly ordered structure with a particle size ranging from 1 to 5 nm. All metal atoms are uniformly distributed and well-mixed, with a mixed configuration entropy value of 1.55R. This result demonstrates the universality of the synthesis method proposed in this patent for various metal elements.

[0054] The nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst PtRuCuCoNiFe / NPC prepared in Example 3 was applied to the ORR reaction. The test conditions were the same as in Example 1, and the test results are listed in Table 1.

[0055] Example 3: The nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst PtRuCuCoNiFe / NPC exhibited a half-wave potential of 0.893 V, representing a 28 mV improvement compared to the commercial 20% Pt / C catalyst. At 0.90 V, the catalyst's normalized noble metal MA was 1.07 A / mg noble metal, 8.3 times that of the commercial Pt / C catalyst. After 30,000 cycles of CV testing, the catalyst showed a half-wave potential decay of 14 mV, demonstrating superior stability compared to the commercial 20% Pt / C catalyst.

[0056] Table 1. ORR performance of nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compounds

[0057] Half-wave potential / V <![CDATA[Mass activity A / mg Pt > Durability Example 1 0.902 1.26 Half-wave potential decay 9mV Example 2 0.886 0.882 Half-wave potential decay 20mV Example 3 0.893 1.07 Half-wave potential decay 14mV Commercial 20% Pt / C catalyst 0.865 0.128 Half-wave potential decay 52mV

[0058] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0059] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst, characterized in that: The catalyst uses nitrogen-doped porous carbon material derived from ZIF-8 as a support, and the nanoparticle size of the high-entropy intermetallic compound is 1-5 nm.

2. The nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-entropy intermetallic compound includes the following metal elements: platinum, copper, cobalt, nickel and iron, or platinum, ruthenium, copper, cobalt, nickel and iron. The total molar ratio of platinum to non-precious metal elements is 1 to 2:4, and the total molar ratio of ruthenium to non-precious metal elements is 1:

4.

3. The nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst according to claim 2, characterized in that: The non-precious metal elements include copper, cobalt, nickel, and iron, and the molar ratio of copper, cobalt, nickel, and iron is 1:1:1:

1.

4. A method for preparing a nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The catalyst preparation method includes the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of zeolite imidazole skeleton-8; Step 2: Preparation and purification of nitrogen-doped porous carbon material support; Step 3: Loading the metal precursor; Step 4: Preparation of nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalysts.

5. The method for preparing the nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation method of the zeolite imidazole skeleton-8 mentioned in step one is as follows: 0.550 g of zinc acetate dihydrate was dissolved in 40 mL of methanol solution as solution A; 0.985 g of 2-methylimidazole was dissolved in 40 mL of methanol solution as solution B; solution B was added to solution A under magnetic stirring and the mixture was stirred continuously at room temperature for 24 h; after the reaction was completed, the white precipitate was collected by centrifugation and washed three times with methanol solution. The washed white solid was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60°C for 10 hours to obtain zeolite imidazole framework-8 powder.

6. The method for preparing the nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation and purification method of the nitrogen-doped porous carbon material support in step two is as follows: The zeolite imidazole framework-8 powder obtained in step one was placed in a tube furnace and heated to 950°C at a rate of 10°C / min under an Ar atmosphere and held for 2 hours. After the holding period, the Ar gas flow was maintained and the furnace was allowed to cool naturally to room temperature to obtain a black powder of nitrogen-doped porous carbon material containing residual ZnO. Nitrogen-doped porous carbon material containing residual ZnO was dissolved and removed by stirring continuously at 60°C for 3 hours in 0.3M HCl. The black precipitate was collected by centrifugation and washed with deionized water until the pH of the washing solution was neutral. The washed black solid was dried in a vacuum drying oven for 10 hours to obtain nitrogen-doped porous carbon material carrier powder.

7. The method for preparing the nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst according to claim 4, characterized in that: The metal precursor loading method described in step three is as follows: Platinum acetylacetonate, copper acetylacetonate, cobalt acetylacetonate, nickel acetylacetonate, and iron acetylacetonate were added to 30 mL of acetone solution to form a homogeneous mixed solution. The molar ratio of Pt:Cu:Co:Ni:Fe was controlled to be 1–2:1:1:1:1, and the amount of platinum acetylacetonate added was 0.01–0.02 mmol. Alternatively, platinum acetylacetonate, ruthenium acetylacetonate, copper acetylacetonate, cobalt acetylacetonate, nickel acetylacetonate, and iron acetylacetonate can be added to 30 mL of acetone solution to form a homogeneous mixed solution, with the molar ratio of Pt:Ru:Cu:Co:Ni:Fe controlled at 1:1:1:1:1:1, and the amount of platinum acetylacetonate added being 0.01 mmol. 50 mg of nitrogen-doped porous carbon material was dispersed in the prepared homogeneous mixed solution and ultrasonically stirred for 1 h. The solution was heated to 70 °C and stirred to evaporate most of the acetone. Then, it was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 70 °C for 12 h to obtain nitrogen-doped porous carbon material composite powder loaded with metal precursor.

8. The method for preparing the nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst according to claim 7, characterized in that: Platinum acetylacetone, copper acetylacetone, cobalt acetylacetone, nickel acetylacetone, and iron acetylacetone were added to 30 mL of acetone solution to form a homogeneous mixed solution. The molar ratio of Pt:Cu:Co:Ni:Fe was controlled to be 1:1:1:1:1, and the amount of platinum acetylacetone added was 0.01 mmol.

9. The method for preparing the nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preparation method of the nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst mentioned in step four is as follows: Nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite powder loaded with metal precursors was heated to 800℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min and held at that temperature for 4h in a 10% H2 / Ar mixed atmosphere. After the heat preservation is completed, maintain a 10% H2 / Ar airflow and allow the furnace to cool naturally to room temperature to obtain a nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst.

10. A method for applying the nanoscale high-entropy intermetallic compound catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 3 to a redox reaction, characterized in that: The catalyst was activated by cyclic voltammetry in a nitrogen-saturated 0.1M perchloric acid solution. After activation, the catalyst was subjected to linear sweep voltammetry and accelerated durability tests in an oxygen-saturated 0.1M perchloric acid solution.

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