Green electricity driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a green electricity driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system and method, and relates to the technical field of plasma gasification and efficient utilization of renewable energy sources. The system mainly comprises a green power supply unit, a microwave discharge plasma gasification unit, a gasification agent supply unit and a product separation and purification unit, the green power supply unit is used for adjusting unstable power such as wind energy and solar energy into stable electric energy suitable for microwave excitation, and the plasma gasification process is driven; the microwave gasification unit realizes low-temperature efficient reaction of carbon-based fuel and a gasifying agent; the gasifying agent supply unit provides a plurality of optional gasifying agents including CO2 and water vapor; and the product separation and purification unit is used for gas purification and gasification agent recycling. The system realizes cooperative complementation of renewable energy and carbon-based energy, has the advantages of fast response, high energy efficiency, low carbon emission and the like, and is suitable for scenes of clean fuel preparation and carbon resource utilization.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the cross field of plasma gasification and renewable energy power generation, relates to carbon-based fuel efficient conversion and fluctuating power consumption technology, and in particular to a green electricity driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The gasification of carbon-based energy (coal, biomass, petroleum coke, etc.) is a core technology for realizing clean and low-carbon utilization. Through directional reaction with gasifying agents (CO2, O2, H2, H2O, air, etc.) under high temperature and high pressure conditions, it plays a crucial role in realizing efficient conversion and reducing carbon emissions. The gasification of carbon-based energy not only converts solid fuels into clean and low-carbon gaseous products, realizing the effective release and conversion of their chemical energy, but also significantly reduces carbon emissions during the use of high-carbon energy, realizes source carbon capture, reduces resource waste, and improves overall energy utilization efficiency. Therefore, gasification technology is not only an important means of low-carbon utilization of high-carbon energy, but also a key path to realizing sustainable development and green energy transformation.

[0003] Traditional carbon-based fuel gasification processes are mostly based on fixed bed, fluidized bed or molten bed reactors. However, in terms of thermodynamics, gasification reaction, as a typical heterogeneous gas-solid reaction, is a strong endothermic reaction, requiring a high reaction temperature (>850℃), and relying on pure oxygen combustion to provide the heat required for the reaction, with heat consumption accounting for 30% of the chemical energy of carbon-based energy. In terms of reaction kinetics, the gasification reaction of carbon-based fuel has a high activation energy (~200 kJ / mol) and a slow reaction rate. Therefore, improving gasification performance and reducing gasification reaction temperature are urgent technical problems.

[0004] Plasma gasification, as a new type of gasification technology, has received widespread attention in recent years. It activates plasma through high-temperature discharge between electrodes, and uses the reaction between high-temperature plasma generated by gasifying agents (CO2, O2, H2, H2O, air, etc.) and the reaction sites of solid carbon-based energy to achieve efficient and rapid gasification. The main discharge plasma action mode at present is plasma torch. This mode requires a large amount of energy to start and also needs high energy input to maintain the plasma state, which has problems such as high energy consumption and uncontrollable reaction. In addition, the plasma temperature distribution generated by the plasma torch is uneven, which easily causes local overheating, affecting the gasification efficiency and product composition.

[0005] On the other hand, renewable energy power generation technologies such as wind energy, solar energy, etc. have significant volatility and intermittency problems in application. The power generation is difficult to achieve stable output due to natural conditions, especially in the scenario of mismatch between power grid load demand and renewable energy supply. Large-scale energy storage systems or standby power sources are needed for peak shaving and valley filling, resulting in high system construction cost and significant energy conversion efficiency loss. How to effectively utilize fluctuating renewable energy and achieve optimal complementary utilization with traditional energy is an important challenge in the current energy field.

[0006] Existing research attempts to use low-temperature discharge to reduce energy consumption and simplify system structure. For example, Chinese patent CN112430477A discloses a low-temperature plasma coal or biomass gasification system and method, which uses radio frequency or dielectric barrier discharge to generate low-temperature plasma to excite gasification reaction. The plasma generating device has simple structure and low energy consumption. However, this scheme still drives low-temperature plasma generation with constant power, lacks dynamic response mechanism for fluctuating power supply, and its reactor energy input is not adjustable, which is weakly coupled with external power supply system, making it difficult to achieve adaptive adjustment to renewable energy output fluctuation.

[0007] In summary, existing carbon-based fuel gasification technology is limited by high energy consumption and slow dynamic characteristics, and direct utilization of renewable energy is difficult to match with high inertia thermochemical process due to volatility. Therefore, how to develop a high-efficiency carbon-based fuel gasification technology that can achieve high reaction rate under low-temperature conditions, has rapid response characteristics, and can be directly coupled with fluctuating power input, has become a technical problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0008] (I) Invention purpose

[0009] In view of the above defects and deficiencies of the prior art, the present application aims to provide a green electricity (renewable energy generation) driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system and method. Through the unique "start-stop" rapid response characteristics of microwave technology, the microwave emission power can be adjusted in real time to achieve millisecond-level dynamic energy matching. Renewable energy is converted into high-value gasification products, realizing the complementary utilization of renewable energy and carbon-based energy at the source. The microwave-induced discharge plasma gasification technology can excite continuous and stable plasma at low power input, thereby realizing efficient and rapid gasification, and has the potential for complementary efficiency, energy saving and carbon reduction.

[0010] (II) Technical solutions

[0011] To achieve the purpose of the application and solve its technical problems, the application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0012] The first invention of the present application aims to provide a green electricity (renewable energy power generation) driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system, which is used for deeply coupling renewable energy power generation with carbon-based fuel gasification reaction, realizing the collaborative optimization of renewable energy fluctuation accommodation and low-temperature and high-efficiency gasification of carbon-based fuel, and the system mainly comprises a green electricity power supply unit, a microwave discharge plasma gasification unit, a gasification agent supply unit, and a product separation and purification unit, wherein:

[0013] The green electricity power supply unit is used for the access of renewable energy power, and converts unstable renewable energy power into stable electric energy suitable for microwave discharge plasma excitation;

[0014] The microwave discharge plasma gasification unit is electrically connected with the upstream green electricity power supply unit, and mainly involves microwave discharge plasma excitation and gasification reaction of carbon-based energy and gasification agent;

[0015] The gasification agent supply unit is fluidly connected with the output end of the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit, and is used for providing gasification agent according to the gasification reaction demand of carbon-based energy;

[0016] The product separation and purification unit is fluidly connected with the output end of the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit, and is used for separating and purifying product gas generated by the gasification reaction, and recycling the gasification agent which is not fully reacted to the gasification agent supply unit.

[0017] The second invention of the present application aims to provide a green electricity driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction method, which is based on the above-mentioned green electricity driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system of the present application, and at least comprises the following steps:

[0018] SS1. Green electricity power supply unit implementation process:

[0019] The renewable energy power generation equipment (such as a photovoltaic power generation system or a wind turbine) is used to convert solar energy, wind energy and other renewable energy into electric energy, the electric energy is converted into stable input electric energy suitable for microwave discharge plasma excitation through a power regulation and stabilization device, and then is delivered to the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit, so as to ensure the stability of electric energy output;

[0020] SS2. Gasification agent supply unit implementation process:

[0021] When CO2, H2, O2, air is used as the gasifying agent, the gasifying agent is compressed and delivered to the reaction cavity of the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit by the gas compression and delivery device, and the flow of the gas is regulated by the gas flow regulating device; when water vapor is used as the gasifying agent, water is first converted into water vapor by the water vapor generator, and then the water vapor is delivered to the reaction cavity of the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit by the compression and delivery device and the gas flow regulating device;

[0022] SS3. Microwave power dynamic matching adjustment:

[0023] According to the real-time fluctuation of the power generated by the renewable energy source, the millisecond-level microwave emission power dynamic adjustment is realized through the instant-on and instant-off fast response characteristics of the microwave generator, the microwave power is instantaneously increased when the output of the renewable energy source suddenly increases, and the microwave power is immediately reduced or turned off when the power generation capacity suddenly decreases, so as to ensure that the total power consumption is real-time matched with the fluctuation curve of the power generation capacity;

[0024] SS4. Low-temperature plasma gasification reaction:

[0025] The discharge plasma reactor excites plasma by microwaves to form a high-energy discharge condition to drive the gasification reaction of the carbon-based energy source, and the solid carbon-based energy source supply device delivers the solid carbon-based energy source to the reaction cavity and mixes it with the gasifying agent, so as to ensure the continuity and high efficiency of the gasification reaction;

[0026] SS5. Product separation and purification unit implementation process:

[0027] The gasification product gas and the unreacted gasifying agent are separated by the separation device (such as a molecular sieve or a membrane separation device), and then the product gas is further purified by the purification device (such as a chemical adsorption device or a refrigeration separation device), so as to ensure that it meets the high-purity requirement, and the unreacted gasifying agent is recycled and re-enters the gasifying agent supply unit to participate in the subsequent gasification reaction, realizing the efficient utilization and circulation of resources.

[0028] (Three) Technical effects

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the green electricity-driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system and method has the following beneficial and significant technical effects:

[0030] 1. The renewable energy power generation driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system can form a highly complementary coupling mechanism between microwave discharge plasma gasification and renewable energy power generation system. The "instant on and off" fast response characteristics of microwave technology can realize millisecond-level dynamic energy matching by real-time adjustment of microwave emission power. When the output of renewable energy increases suddenly, the microwave device can be started instantly to drive the gasification reaction, and the renewable energy can be converted into chemical energy in the clean gaseous product through the gasification reaction. When the power generation capacity decreases suddenly, the microwave device can be turned off or the power can be reduced immediately, so that the total power consumption can match the power generation capacity fluctuation curve in real time. This coupling mechanism not only avoids the risk of harmonic pollution caused by reverse transmission of electric energy to the power grid, but also replaces the power balance function of the energy storage system through adaptive adjustment at the load end.

[0031] 2. The renewable energy power generation driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system can improve the energy utilization efficiency. Through selective heating of the reaction materials by microwaves, the heat loss of space heating can be significantly reduced, and the reaction activity environment constructed by the discharge plasma can make the bed temperature of the system only need to be maintained at 500-800 DEG C to realize more than 85% gasification reaction conversion rate. In the same temperature range, the traditional direct heating system basically does not react. This low-temperature and high-efficiency reaction characteristic not only significantly reduces the reaction energy consumption, but also improves the energy utilization efficiency of the system.

[0032] 3. The renewable energy power generation driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system realizes the complementary utilization of renewable energy and carbon-based energy at the source. Compared with the traditional heating gasification system, the system proposed by the present application uses renewable energy power generation as the driving force of microwave discharge plasma, and then drives the gasification reaction to occur, without the need to provide heat for the gasification reaction by burning, thereby reducing the energy loss and CO2 emission caused by direct combustion, and realizing the complementary utilization of renewable energy and carbon-based energy.

[0033] 4. The renewable energy power generation driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system significantly reduces the complexity of the system and realizes the preparation of near-zero-emission high-value chemical products and energy conversion. Compared with the traditional direct heating gasification system, the system does not need to prepare pure oxygen, thereby reducing the complexity of the system. More importantly, the system has no carbon dioxide emission in the whole process, and has excellent environmental friendliness. When carbon dioxide is used as a gasification agent, the system can realize CO2 enrichment and resource utilization, and further realize the near-zero-emission efficient gasification process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the green electricity driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system of the present application;

[0035] Figure 2 is a flow chart of the green electricity driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction method of the present application.

[0036] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Green electricity power supply unit 10, renewable energy power generation equipment 11, power regulation and stabilization device 12, microwave discharge plasma gasification unit 20, storage bin 21, dryer 22, gasification agent supply unit 30, gas flow control device 31, water vapor generator 32, product separation and purification unit 40, separation device 41, purification device 42. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The present application aims to provide a green electricity driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system and method for deeply coupling renewable energy power generation with carbon-based fuel gasification reaction, realizing the collaborative optimization of renewable energy fluctuation accommodation and low-temperature high-efficiency carbon-based fuel gasification. In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments, and the described embodiments are exemplary, intended to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0039] Embodiment 1: Gasification reaction system

[0040] As a specific example, as shown in Figure 1 The green electricity (renewable energy power generation) driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system provided by the embodiments of the present application mainly includes a green electricity power supply unit 10, a microwave discharge plasma gasification unit 20, a gasification agent supply unit 30, and a product separation and purification unit 40. Among them, the green electricity power supply unit 10 is used for the access of renewable energy power, and converts the renewable energy power into stable electric energy suitable for microwave discharge plasma excitation; the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit 20 is electrically connected with the upstream green electricity power supply unit 10, mainly involving microwave discharge plasma excitation and gasification reaction of carbon-based energy and gasification agent; the gasification agent supply unit 30 is fluidly connected with the output end of the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit 20, used for providing gasification agent according to the gasification reaction demand of carbon-based energy; the product separation and purification unit 40 is fluidly connected with the output end of the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit 20, used for separating and purifying the product gas generated by the gasification reaction, and recycling the gasification agent that has not been fully reacted to the gasification agent supply unit 30.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present application, the green electricity power supply unit 10 is the energy input end of the system, which is used to convert renewable energy (such as wind energy, solar energy, etc.) into stable electric energy, and provide efficient and reliable power support for microwave discharge plasma excitation. The unit includes a renewable energy power generation device 11 and a power regulation and stabilization device 12. The renewable energy power generation device 11 such as a photovoltaic power generation system or a wind turbine converts renewable energy into electric energy. The power regulation and stabilization device 12 is electrically connected with the renewable energy power generation device 11, which is used to convert the electric energy generated by the renewable energy into electric energy suitable for microwave discharge plasma excitation, and ensure the stability of the electric energy output.

[0042] As a preferred, the power regulation and stabilization device 12 at least includes a rectification and filtering module, an inverter module and a frequency control module, wherein the rectification and filtering module is used to filter the direct current output by the renewable energy power generation device 11, the inverter module is used to convert the direct current into alternating current, and the frequency control module is used to control the frequency of the alternating current, and ensure that the frequency of the output electric energy matches the microwave generator in the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit 20.

[0043] In the embodiment of the present application, the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit 20 includes a microwave generator, a discharge plasma reactor and a carbon-based energy supply device. The microwave generator is electrically connected with the output end of the green electricity power supply unit 10, which is used to convert the electric energy delivered by the green electricity power supply unit 10 into microwave energy, and its emission power is rapidly responded and dynamically matched and adjusted in milliseconds according to the real-time change of the output power of the green electricity power supply unit 10; the discharge plasma reactor is provided with a reaction cavity and is coupled to the microwave generator, the reaction cavity is used to accommodate carbon-based energy and gasification agent, and is mainly used to generate low-temperature discharge plasma under microwave excitation, form high-energy discharge conditions, and drive the gasification reaction of carbon-based energy and gasification agent; the carbon-based energy supply device continuously delivers coal coke, biomass and other solid reactants to the reaction cavity, and ensures the continuity of the gasification reaction.

[0044] As preferred, the carbon-based fuel supply device in the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit 20 is connected with the discharge plasma reactor, and comprises a storage bin 21, a dryer 22, a conveying device and a conveying amount control device, etc., wherein the storage bin 21 is used for storing a carbon-based energy source selected from coal, biomass, petroleum coke or a mixture thereof. The dryer 22 is arranged between the storage bin 21 and the conveying device, and is used for pre-treating and dehumidifying the carbon-based energy source, so as to ensure that the material entering the reaction cavity has a lower water content, thereby improving the microwave plasma action efficiency and the gasification reaction rate. The dryer 22 can be in the form of a hot air dryer, an infrared dryer or an electric heating dryer, etc., and the water vapor generated in the drying process of the dryer 22 is introduced into the gasification agent supply unit 30 through a special gas guide channel, as part of the water vapor type gasification agent to participate in the subsequent gasification reaction, thereby improving the energy utilization rate and the water resource recycling efficiency of the system. The conveying device adopts a screw conveyor or a belt conveyor, and is used for continuously and stably conveying the dried carbon-based energy source from the dryer 22 to the reaction cavity of the discharge plasma reactor, and the conveying amount control device is used for accurately controlling the conveying rate of the carbon-based energy source, so as to ensure that the carbon-based energy source concentration in the reaction cavity is maintained within the optimal reaction range.

[0045] The microwave discharge plasma gasification unit 20 of the present application can realize real-time tracking and on-site consumption of the renewable energy power generation power curve by means of real-time dynamic adjustment of the microwave generator emission power, and instant conversion of the excess power of the renewable energy into chemical energy in the gasification product, or reduction of the power consumption of the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit when the power is insufficient.

[0046] In the embodiment of the present application, the gasification agent supply unit 30 is fluidly connected to the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit 20, and is configured to provide the required gasification agent for the gasification reaction of the carbon-based energy source. The gasification agent is selected from CO2, H2, O2, air, water vapor or a mixture thereof, and at least includes a gas storage device, a gas compression and delivery device, and a gas flow control device 31. The gas compression and delivery device is connected to the gas storage device, and is configured to compress and deliver the gasification agent into the reaction chamber of the discharge plasma reactor. The gas flow control device 31 includes a flow sensor and a regulating valve arranged on the gas delivery pipeline, and is configured to monitor and accurately control the flow of the gasification agent delivered into the reaction chamber in real time. Further, when CO2, H2, O2 or air is used as the gasification agent, the gasification agent supply unit 30 should include the gas compression and delivery device and the gas flow control device 31. The compression and delivery device is responsible for compressing and delivering the gasification agent into the gasification reactor, and the gas flow control device 31 is configured to accurately control the flow of the gas. When water vapor is used as the gasification agent, the gasification agent supply unit should include a water vapor generator 32 in addition to the gas compression and delivery device and the gas flow control device, to continuously provide water vapor input. In addition, the gas delivery device should be equipped with a heat preservation or auxiliary heating device to ensure that the gasification agent maintains the required phase and temperature during delivery, so as to prevent the water vapor from being liquefied due to temperature drop in the pipeline.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present application, the product separation and purification unit 40 is fluidly connected to the output end of the discharge plasma reactor, and at least includes a separation device 41, a purification device 42, and a gasification agent circulation pipeline. The separation device 41 is configured to separate the reaction product gas from the unreacted gasification agent, the purification device 42 is configured to purify the product gas, and the gasification agent circulation pipeline is configured to deliver the separated unreacted gasification agent back to the gasification agent supply unit for further participation in the gasification reaction, thereby realizing the recycling of the gasification agent.

[0048] As a preferred embodiment, the separation device is selected from a molecular sieve separator, a membrane separator or a condensation separator. The molecular sieve separator separates the gas by utilizing the adsorption characteristics difference of different gas molecules on the molecular sieve. The membrane separator separates the gas by utilizing the permeation rate difference of different gas molecules on the membrane. The condensation separator separates the gas by controlling the temperature to condense different gas components. The purification device is selected from a chemical absorber, a pressure swing adsorber or a refrigeration separator. The chemical absorber removes the impurity gas by chemical reaction between the chemical absorbent and the target gas. The pressure swing adsorber separates the gas by utilizing the adsorption ability difference of different gas molecules on the adsorbent under different pressures. The refrigeration separator separates the gas by controlling the temperature to condense different gas components. The gasification agent circulation pipeline is configured to deliver the separated unreacted gasification agent back to the gasification agent supply unit 20 for recycling of the gasification agent. The gasification agent circulation pipeline is provided with a one-way valve to prevent the gaseous product from flowing back to the gasification agent supply unit 20.

[0049] The above system of the present application can realize rapid and high-conversion-rate gasification reaction of carbon-based fuel in a range lower than the conventional gasification temperature (500-800°C) through the plasma environment formed by microwave discharge excitation. The microwave technology has the fast response ability of on-off, enabling the gasification process to adapt to the power fluctuation of renewable energy in real time without relying on energy storage systems, realizing the source coordination and complementary utilization of carbon-based energy and renewable energy, and effectively reducing the total energy consumption and carbon emission level of the system.

[0050] Example 2: Gasification reaction method

[0051] Based on the green electricity-driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system provided in Example 1, to realize the coordinated coupling of renewable energy fluctuation accommodation and carbon-based fuel gasification reaction, Example 2 further provides a gasification reaction method based on the above system, as shown in Figure 2 The implementation process of the method at least includes the following steps:

[0052] SS1. Green electricity power supply unit implementation process:

[0053] Through the renewable energy power generation equipment 11 (such as a photovoltaic power generation system or a wind turbine), solar energy, wind energy and other renewable energy is converted into electric energy. After filtering, inverting and frequency adjusting of direct current by the power regulation and stabilization device 12, the electric energy is converted into stable input electric energy suitable for microwave discharge plasma excitation, and is delivered to the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit 20, ensuring the stability of electric energy output and providing stable electric energy support for subsequent microwave excitation.

[0054] SS2. Gasification agent supply unit implementation process:

[0055] According to the set gasification conditions, CO2, H2, O2, air, steam or their mixture is selected as the gasification agent. When CO2, H2, O2, air is used as the gasification agent, the gasification agent is compressed and delivered to the reaction chamber of the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit 20 by the gas compression and delivery device, and the flow of the gas is dynamically regulated by the flow sensor and the regulating valve in the gas flow regulation device 31. When steam is used as the gasification agent, water is first converted into steam by the steam generator 32, and then the steam is delivered to the reaction chamber of the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit 20 by the compression and delivery device and the gas flow regulation device 31. At the same time, in order to prevent the condensation of steam due to temperature reduction during transportation, the gas delivery pipeline needs to be equipped with heat preservation or auxiliary heating device.

[0056] SS3. Microwave power dynamic matching regulation:

[0057] Upon receiving electrical energy from the green power supply unit 10, the microwave generator activates an "instant on / off" rapid response mechanism based on real-time fluctuations in renewable energy power generation, achieving millisecond-level dynamic adjustment of microwave transmission power. When green power generation surges, the microwave power is rapidly increased to absorb excess power and drive enhanced gasification reactions; when power generation drops sharply, the microwave output is quickly reduced or shut down to minimize energy consumption and maintain dynamic power balance in the system, achieving efficient electrochemical energy conversion and matching. In this way, the total power consumption is ensured to match the power generation fluctuation curve in real time, thereby enabling real-time tracking and local absorption of renewable energy power generation.

[0058] SS4. Low-temperature plasma vaporization reaction:

[0059] The discharge plasma reactor uses microwave-excited plasma to create high-energy discharge conditions, forming a low-temperature, highly reactive reaction environment to drive the gasification reaction of carbon-based energy. Simultaneously, a carbon-based energy supply device continuously and quantitatively delivers solid carbon-based energy from storage silo 21, after pretreatment (e.g., drying, pulverizing), to the reaction chamber via a screw or belt conveyor, where it mixes with the gasifying agent gas. The gasification reaction occurs rapidly at 500–800°C, generating syngas mainly composed of H2 and CO. The key to this invention lies in utilizing the high reactivity of plasma, enabling the gasification reaction to proceed at a lower temperature, thereby reducing energy consumption and improving energy conversion efficiency.

[0060] SS5. Implementation process of product separation and purification unit:

[0061] The mixed gas generated by the reaction is processed by the product separation and purification unit 40. First, the gasification product gas is separated from the unreacted gasifying agent by a separation device 41 (such as a molecular sieve or membrane separation device). Then, the product gas is further purified by a purification device 42 (such as a chemical adsorption device or a cryogenic separation device) to ensure that it meets the high purity requirements. The unreacted gasifying agent is recovered and reintroduced into the gasifying agent supply unit 30 to participate in subsequent gasification reactions, achieving efficient utilization and recycling of resources.

[0062] The gasification reaction method of this invention, based on highly dynamic responsive microwave excitation technology, constructs a plasma gasification reaction path adapted to the output characteristics of renewable energy. It overcomes the high energy consumption limitations of traditional gasification reactions, which require high temperatures and pure oxygen, achieving high-conversion-rate gasification reactions within the 500–800°C temperature range. Through the selection of gasifying agents and dynamic flow control, adaptive microwave power adjustment, and product recycling, it achieves a series of comprehensive technical advantages, including efficient electrochemical energy conversion, significant reduction in process carbon emissions, and flexible and adjustable system operation.

[0063] The objects of the present application are completely achieved by the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art can understand that the present application includes but is not limited to the content described in the drawings and the above specific embodiments. Although the present application has been described with respect to the presently preferred and most practical embodiments, it will be understood that the present application is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, and any modification not deviating from the functional and structural principles of the present application will be included in the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A green electricity-driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system, characterized in that, It includes a green electricity power supply unit, a microwave discharge plasma gasification unit, a gasification agent supply unit, and a product separation and purification unit, wherein: The green power supply unit is used to connect renewable energy power and convert unstable renewable energy power into stable power suitable for microwave discharge plasma excitation. The microwave discharge plasma gasification unit is electrically connected to the green power supply unit, and mainly involves microwave discharge plasma excitation and the gasification reaction of carbon-based energy and gasification agent. The gasifying agent supply unit has its output end fluidly connected to the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit, and is used to provide gasifying agent according to the gasification reaction requirements of carbon-based energy. The product separation and purification unit is fluidly connected to the output end of the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit. It is used to separate and purify the product gas generated by the gasification reaction and to recycle the unreacted gasifying agent to the gasifying agent supply unit.

2. The green electricity-driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The green power supply unit is configured as the system energy input terminal, including renewable energy power generation equipment and power regulation and stabilization device. The renewable energy power generation equipment is used to convert renewable energy into electrical energy, and the power regulation and stabilization device is electrically connected to the renewable energy power generation equipment to convert renewable energy into electrical energy suitable for microwave discharge plasma excitation.

3. The green electric driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the green power supply unit, the power regulation and stabilization device includes at least a rectifier and filter module, an inverter module, and a frequency control module. The rectifier and filter module is used to filter the DC power output from the renewable energy power generation equipment, the inverter module is used to convert the DC power into AC power, and the frequency control module is used to control the frequency of the AC power to ensure that the frequency of the output power is matched with the microwave generator in the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit.

4. The green electricity-driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microwave discharge plasma vaporization unit includes a microwave generator, a discharge plasma reactor, and a carbon-based energy supply device. The microwave generator is electrically connected to the output of the green electricity power supply unit to convert received electrical energy into microwave energy. Its transmission power is adjusted and dynamically matched in milliseconds according to the real-time changes in the output power of the green electricity power supply unit. The discharge plasma reactor is equipped with a reaction chamber coupled to the microwave generator. The reaction chamber is used to contain carbon-based energy and a vaporizing agent, and generates low-temperature discharge plasma under microwave excitation to form high-energy discharge conditions to drive the vaporization reaction of carbon-based energy and vaporizing agent. The carbon-based energy supply device is used to continuously and controllably deliver solid carbon-based energy to the reaction chamber of the discharge plasma reactor.

5. The green electric driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit, the carbon-based fuel supply device is connected to the discharge plasma reactor and includes a storage bin, a conveying device, and a conveying quantity control device. The storage bin is used to store carbon-based energy. The conveying device adopts a screw conveyor or belt conveyor to transport carbon-based energy from the storage bin to the reaction chamber. The conveying quantity control device is used to control the conveying rate of carbon-based energy to ensure that the concentration of carbon-based energy in the reaction chamber is maintained within the optimal reaction range.

6. The green electricity-driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The gasifying agent supply unit is fluidly connected to the microwave discharge plasma gasification unit and is used to provide the required gasifying agent for the gasification reaction of carbon-based energy. It includes a gasifying agent storage device, a gas compression and transportation device, and a gas flow control device. The gas compression and transportation device is connected to the gasifying agent storage device and is used to compress the gasifying agent and transport it into the reaction chamber of the discharge plasma reactor. The gas flow control device includes a flow sensor and a regulating valve installed on the gas transportation pipeline and is used to monitor and precisely control the flow rate of the gasifying agent transported into the reaction chamber in real time.

7. The green electricity-driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the vaporizing agent contains water vapor, the vaporizing agent supply unit is also equipped with a water vapor generator and a heat preservation or auxiliary heating device. The water vapor generator is used to convert liquid water into water vapor and continuously supply water vapor input. The heat preservation or auxiliary heating device is used to ensure that the vaporizing agent maintains the required phase and temperature during transportation and to prevent water vapor from liquefying due to cooling in the pipeline.

8. The green electricity-driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The product separation and purification unit is fluidly connected to the output end of the discharge plasma reactor and includes at least a separation device, a purification device, and a gasifying agent circulation pipeline. The separation device is used to separate the reaction product gas from the unreacted gasifying agent, the purification device is used to purify the product gas, and the gasifying agent circulation pipeline is used to re-transport the separated unreacted gasifying agent to the gasifying agent supply unit.

9. The green electric driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The separation device is selected from molecular sieve separators, membrane separators, or condenser separators, and the purification device is selected from chemical absorbers, pressure swing adsorbers, or refrigeration separators. The gasifying agent circulation pipeline is equipped with a one-way valve to prevent the separated unreacted gasifying agent from flowing back to the separation device.

10. A green electricity-driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction method, based on the green electricity-driven carbon-based energy microwave discharge plasma gasification reaction system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, It should include at least the following steps: SS1. Green Power Supply Unit Implementation Process: Renewable energy is converted into electrical energy through renewable energy power generation equipment, and then the electrical energy is converted into stable input electrical energy suitable for microwave discharge plasma excitation by power regulation and stabilization device, and then delivered to microwave discharge plasma gasification unit; SS2. Implementation process of the vaporizing agent supply unit: When CO2, H2, O2 and / or air are used as vaporizing agents, the vaporizing agent is compressed and transported to the reaction chamber of the microwave discharge plasma vaporization unit through a gas compression and transportation device, and the gas flow rate is regulated by a gas flow control device; when the vaporizing agent contains water vapor, the water is first converted into water vapor by a water vapor generator, and then the water vapor is transported to the microwave discharge plasma vaporization unit through a compression and transportation device and a gas flow control device. SS3. Dynamic Matching and Adjustment of Microwave Power: Based on the real-time fluctuations in renewable energy power generation, the microwave generator achieves millisecond-level dynamic adjustment of microwave transmission power through its instant-on / off rapid response characteristics. When renewable energy output suddenly increases, the microwave power is increased instantaneously; when power generation drops sharply, the microwave power is immediately reduced or turned off, ensuring that the total power consumption matches the power generation fluctuation curve in real time. SS4. Low-temperature plasma gasification reaction: The discharge plasma reactor uses microwave-excited plasma to create high-energy discharge conditions to drive the gasification reaction of carbon-based energy with the gasifying agent. At the same time, the carbon-based energy supply device delivers solid carbon-based energy to the reaction chamber and mixes it with the gasifying agent to ensure the continuity of the gasification reaction. SS5. Product Separation and Purification Unit Implementation Process: The gasification product is separated from the unreacted gasification agent by the separation device, and then the product gas is further purified by the purification device to ensure that it meets the high purity requirements. The unreacted gasification agent is recovered and reintroduced into the gasification agent supply unit.

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