Liquid treatment agent for harmless treatment of red mud and preparation method of liquid treatment agent

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid treatment agent for red mud harmless treatment and a preparation method thereof.The liquid treatment agent comprises a treatment agent A and a treatment agent B. The treatment agent A is formed by mixing hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, and the treatment agent B is prepared from malic acid, acetic acid, phthalic acid monoester, a solvent and an adsorbent, the mass fraction of the malic acid is 20%-40%, the mass fraction of the acetic acid is 20%-40%, the mass fraction of the phthalic acid monoester is 15%-25%, the mass fraction of the solvent is 5%-15%, and the mass fraction of the adsorbent is 5%-15%. The red mud is subjected to primary treatment by using the liquid treatment agent A, and then the red mud subjected to primary treatment is treated again by using the liquid treatment agent B, so that the alkalinity of the red mud can be effectively reduced, and various heavy metals, fluorides, radioactive elements and trace toxic elements in the red mud can be effectively removed; the environment pollution caused by the loss of the harmful substances is avoided, so that the innocent treatment of the red mud is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of red mud treatment, in particular to a liquid treatment agent for harmless treatment of red mud and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Red mud is a kind of waste residue discharged after extracting alumina from bauxite, which is named because it contains a large amount of ferric oxide and appears red. Red mud is mainly derived from the production process of alumina, especially the process of extracting alumina by Bayer method, sintering method or combined method. Red mud has a significant impact on the environment due to its high alkalinity and harmful substances. The stacking of red mud not only occupies a large amount of land, but also pollutes water systems and affects the quality of groundwater. Dry red mud is easy to be blown away by the wind, causing air pollution. In addition, the alkali and other harmful substances in red mud can also penetrate into the soil, affecting the fertility of the soil and the growth of crops. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out harmless treatment of red mud.

[0003] However, in the process of treating most existing red mud, inorganic acid treatment agent (hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid) is usually used to soak the red mud. Although inorganic acid (hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid) can react with alkaline substances in red mud to reduce the alkalinity of red mud, and react with heavy metal ions in red mud to produce soluble salts, the inorganic acid treatment method alone cannot completely reduce the alkalinity and harmful substances of red mud, which results in poor treatment effect of red mud. Therefore, we propose a liquid treatment agent for harmless treatment of red mud and a preparation method thereof. SUMMARY

[0004] (I) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present application provides a liquid treatment agent for harmless treatment of red mud and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] (II) Technical solutions

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: a liquid treatment agent for harmless treatment of red mud, comprising a treatment agent A and a treatment agent B, the treatment agent A is mixed by hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid;

[0008] The raw materials of the treatment agent B include the following components: malic acid, acetic acid, phthalic acid monoester, solvent and adsorbent, wherein the mass fraction of each component is malic acid (20%-40%), acetic acid (20%-40%), phthalic acid monoester (15%-25%), solvent (5%-15%) and adsorbent (5%-15%), and the total proportion of each component is 100%;

[0009] The processing agent A and the processing agent B need to be used separately.

[0010] Preferably, the hydrochloric acid and the sulfuric acid are both dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid solution, and the volume fraction ratio of the dilute hydrochloric acid and the dilute sulfuric acid is 1:1.

[0011] Preferably, the preparation method of the processing agent A comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step one, an appropriate volume of dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid solution is weighed by a measuring tool, and then the dilute hydrochloric acid and the dilute sulfuric acid solution are poured into a glass container in a certain proportion;

[0013] Step two, during the mixing of the dilute hydrochloric acid and the dilute sulfuric acid, the mixer is used for mixing until all the two solutions are added, so as to obtain the required processing agent A solution.

[0014] Preferably, the ratio of each component of the processing agent B is as follows: malic acid 30%, acetic acid 30%, phthalic acid monoester 20%, solvent 10%, and adsorbent 10%, and the total of the ratio of each component is 100%.

[0015] Preferably, the solvent is any one or a mixture of multiple of ethanol, diethyl ether or acetone.

[0016] Preferably, the adsorbent is active alumina.

[0017] Preferably, the preparation method of the processing agent B comprises the following steps:

[0018] S1, an appropriate volume of malic acid and acetic acid solution is weighed by a measuring tool, the malic acid solution is first added to a mixing tank, one-third of the content of the solvent is then added, and the two are preliminarily mixed by using a stirring tool, then the acetic acid solution is slowly added in two times, and the stirring tool is used for timely mixing, so as to obtain the required acid mixture;

[0019] S2, phthalic acid monoester is slowly added to the acid mixture prepared in step S1 in three times, and the stirring tool is used for stirring, and in the process of adding phthalic acid monoester in the first two times, the remaining solvent in step S1 is added subsequently, so as to obtain the required primary processing liquid;

[0020] S3, the adsorbent is slowly added to the primary processing liquid prepared in step S2 in two times, and the stirring tool is used for stirring, and after all the solutions are fully mixed, the required processing agent B solution is obtained.

[0021] Preferably, in step S1, the content ratio of the two times of acetic acid solution added is 2:1, and the interval time of the two times of acetic acid solution added is 0.5h.

[0022] Preferably, in step S2, the content of the phthalic monoester is added three times in equal proportions, i.e. one-third of the content of the phthalic monoester is added each time, and the content of the solvent is added twice in a ratio of 3:2.

[0023] Preferably, in step S3, the content of the adsorbent is added twice in a ratio of 1:1, and the time interval between the two additions of the adsorbent is 0.25 h.

[0024] (III) Beneficial effects

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present application provides a liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud and a preparation method thereof, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud and the preparation method thereof can leach radioactive elements, trace toxic elements and rare earth metals in the red mud and reduce the alkalinity of the red mud by using inorganic acids (hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid), can remove various heavy metals in the red mud and also reduce the alkalinity of the red mud by using organic acids (malic acid and acetic acid), and can adsorb fluoride in the red mud by using active alumina, i.e. the active alumina has a large specific surface area and carries positive charges, which can adsorb fluoride ions, so that the Zeta potential is reduced, thereby making the flocculation unstable and causing sedimentation.

[0027] The liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud and the preparation method thereof can reduce the alkalinity of the red mud by using phthalic monoester, the carboxyl groups in the molecular structure of which can undergo a neutralization reaction with hydroxide ions in the red mud when the phthalic monoester is hydrolyzed into phthalic acid, thereby reducing the alkalinity of the red mud, and the phthalic monoester as an organic acid ester compound can improve the interfacial contact between the red mud particles and the dealkalization medium (such as water or an acid solution), promote the dissolution of alkaline substances, and at the same time, as a dispersant, can reduce the agglomeration of the red mud and improve the reaction efficiency of dealkalization, and the solvent can enable the phthalic monoester to better coexist with the organic acids (malic acid and acetic acid).

[0028] This liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud and its preparation method involve mixing the raw materials of liquid treatment agent A with dilute hydrochloric acid solution and dilute sulfuric acid solution in a 1:1 ratio. The raw materials of treatment agent B, by mass fraction percentage, are as follows: malic acid 30%, acetic acid 30%, phthalic acid monoester 20%, solvent (any one or more mixtures of ethanol, ether, or acetone) 10%, and activated alumina 10%, with the total proportion of all components being 100%. The prepared liquid treatment agent, combined with the method of first using liquid treatment agent A to pre-treat the red mud, and then using liquid treatment agent B to further treat the pre-treated red mud, can effectively reduce the alkalinity of the red mud and effectively remove various heavy metals, fluorides, radioactive elements, and trace toxic elements from the red mud, preventing the loss of these harmful substances and environmental pollution, improving the treatment effect of red mud, and thus achieving the harmless treatment of red mud. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1:

[0031] A liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud includes treatment agent A and treatment agent B. Treatment agent A is made by mixing hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid in a certain volume ratio. The specific mixing steps are as follows: first, weigh an appropriate volume of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid solution using a measuring tool; then, pour the hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid solution into a glass container in a 1:1 ratio; and during the mixing of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, use a stirring device to mix until both solutions are completely added, thereby obtaining the required treatment agent A solution.

[0032] The raw materials of treatment agent B include the following components: malic acid, acetic acid, phthalic acid monoester, solvent and activated alumina. The proportions of each component by mass fraction are as follows: malic acid 30%, acetic acid 30%, phthalic acid monoester 25%, solvent 5% and activated alumina 10%, and the total proportion of each component is 100%. The solvent is any one or more mixtures of ethanol, diethyl ether or acetone.

[0033] The preparation method of treatment agent B includes the following steps:

[0034] S1. Weigh out an appropriate volume of malic acid and acetic acid solution using a measuring tool. First, add the malic acid solution to a mixing tank, then add one-third of the solvent content, and use a stirring tool to pre-mix the two. Then, slowly add the acetic acid solution in two batches at a volume ratio of 2:1, with an interval of 0.5 hours between the two additions of acetic acid solution, and use a stirring tool to mix them in time to obtain the required acid mixture.

[0035] S2. Phthalic acid monoester is added slowly in three equal parts to the acid mixture prepared in step S1, and stirred with a stirring tool. During the first two additions of phthalic acid monoester, the remaining solvent in step S1 is added afterward. At this time, the ratio of the two solvent additions is 3:2, thereby obtaining the required primary treatment solution.

[0036] S3. Add activated alumina in equal proportions to the primary treatment solution prepared in step S2 in two slow additions, with an interval of 0.25 hours between the two additions. Stir the solution with a stirring tool until all solutions are fully mixed to obtain the desired treatment agent B solution.

[0037] In the above scheme, it should be noted that in the process of treating red mud with liquid treatment agent A and liquid treatment agent B, liquid treatment agent A and liquid treatment agent B need to be used separately. That is, after treating the red mud with liquid treatment agent A (or liquid treatment agent B), liquid treatment agent B (or liquid treatment agent A) is used to treat the red mud again.

[0038] Example 2:

[0039] A liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud includes treatment agent A and treatment agent B. Treatment agent A is made by mixing hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid in a certain volume ratio. The specific mixing steps are as follows: first, weigh an appropriate volume of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid solution using a measuring tool; then, pour the hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid solution into a glass container in a 1:1 ratio; and during the mixing of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, use a stirring device to mix until both solutions are completely added, thereby obtaining the required treatment agent A solution.

[0040] The raw materials of treatment agent B include the following components: malic acid, acetic acid, phthalic acid monoester, solvent and activated alumina. The proportions of each component by mass fraction are as follows: malic acid 30%, acetic acid 30%, phthalic acid monoester 20%, solvent 10% and activated alumina 10%, and the total proportion of each component is 100%. The solvent is any one or more mixtures of ethanol, diethyl ether or acetone.

[0041] The preparation method of treatment agent B includes the following steps:

[0042] S1. Weigh out an appropriate volume of malic acid and acetic acid solution using a measuring tool. First, add the malic acid solution to a mixing tank, then add one-third of the solvent content, and use a stirring tool to pre-mix the two. Then, slowly add the acetic acid solution in two batches at a volume ratio of 2:1, with an interval of 0.5 hours between the two additions of acetic acid solution, and use a stirring tool to mix them in time to obtain the required acid mixture.

[0043] S2. Phthalic acid monoester is added slowly in three equal parts to the acid mixture prepared in step S1, and stirred with a stirring tool. During the first two additions of phthalic acid monoester, the remaining solvent in step S1 is added afterward. At this time, the ratio of the two solvent additions is 3:2, thereby obtaining the required primary treatment solution.

[0044] S3. Add activated alumina in equal proportions to the primary treatment solution prepared in step S2 in two slow additions, with an interval of 0.25 hours between the two additions. Stir the solution with a stirring tool until all solutions are fully mixed to obtain the desired treatment agent B solution.

[0045] In the above scheme, it should be noted that in the process of treating red mud with liquid treatment agent A and liquid treatment agent B, liquid treatment agent A and liquid treatment agent B need to be used separately. That is, after treating the red mud with liquid treatment agent A (or liquid treatment agent B), liquid treatment agent B (or liquid treatment agent A) is used to treat the red mud again.

[0046] Example 3:

[0047] A liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud includes treatment agent A and treatment agent B. Treatment agent A is made by mixing hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid in a certain volume ratio. The specific mixing steps are as follows: first, weigh an appropriate volume of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid solution using a measuring tool; then, pour the hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid solution into a glass container in a 1:1 ratio; and during the mixing of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, use a stirring device to mix until both solutions are completely added, thereby obtaining the required treatment agent A solution.

[0048] The raw materials of treatment agent B include the following components: malic acid, acetic acid, phthalic acid monoester, solvent and activated alumina. The proportions of each component by mass fraction are as follows: malic acid 30%, acetic acid 30%, phthalic acid monoester 15%, solvent 15% and activated alumina 10%, and the total proportion of each component is 100%. The solvent is any one or more mixtures of ethanol, diethyl ether or acetone.

[0049] The preparation method of treatment agent B includes the following steps:

[0050] S1. Weigh out an appropriate volume of malic acid and acetic acid solution using a measuring tool. First, add the malic acid solution to a mixing tank, then add one-third of the solvent content, and use a stirring tool to pre-mix the two. Then, slowly add the acetic acid solution in two batches at a volume ratio of 2:1, with an interval of 0.5 hours between the two additions of acetic acid solution, and use a stirring tool to mix them in time to obtain the required acid mixture.

[0051] S2. Phthalic acid monoester is added slowly in three equal parts to the acid mixture prepared in step S1, and stirred with a stirring tool. During the first two additions of phthalic acid monoester, the remaining solvent in step S1 is added afterward. At this time, the ratio of the two solvent additions is 3:2, thereby obtaining the required primary treatment solution.

[0052] S3. Add activated alumina in equal proportions to the primary treatment solution prepared in step S2 in two slow additions, with an interval of 0.25 hours between the two additions. Stir the solution with a stirring tool until all solutions are fully mixed to obtain the desired treatment agent B solution.

[0053] In the above scheme, it should be noted that in the process of treating red mud with liquid treatment agent A and liquid treatment agent B, liquid treatment agent A and liquid treatment agent B need to be used separately. That is, after treating the red mud with liquid treatment agent A (or liquid treatment agent B), liquid treatment agent B (or liquid treatment agent A) is used to treat the red mud again.

[0054] By comparing the treatment of red mud with the liquid treatment agents prepared using the methods of Examples 1, 2, and 3 above, it can be seen that:

[0055] Because red mud contains a large amount of alkaline chemicals, various heavy metals (such as lead, chromium and cadmium), fluorides, radioactive elements (such as radium, thorium and potassium) and trace toxic elements (such as arsenic and selenium), the inorganic acids (hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid) used in the liquid treatment agents prepared by the methods of Examples 1, 2 and 3 above can leach radioactive elements, trace toxic elements and rare earth metals from red mud and reduce the alkalinity of red mud, while organic acids (malic acid and acetic acid) can remove various heavy metals from red mud and also reduce the alkalinity of red mud;

[0056] Phthalate monoesters can reduce the alkalinity of red mud. As an organic acid ester, phthalate monoesters can improve the interfacial contact between red mud particles and dealkalization media (such as water or acid solution), thereby promoting the dissolution of alkaline substances. At the same time, as a dispersant, it can reduce red mud agglomeration and improve the dealkalization reaction efficiency. When phthalate monoesters are hydrolyzed into phthalic acid, the carboxyl group in its molecular structure can neutralize the hydroxide ions in the red mud, thereby reducing the alkalinity of the red mud.

[0057] Solvents (any one or more mixtures of ethanol, diethyl ether, or acetone) can enable better coexistence between phthalic acid monoesters and organic acids;

[0058] Activated alumina can adsorb fluorides in red mud. Because activated alumina has a large specific surface area and carries a positive charge, it can adsorb fluoride ions, which reduces the zeta potential, making the flocs unstable and causing them to settle.

[0059] In the above scheme, the coexistence of organic acids (malic acid and acetic acid) and phthalic acid monoesters is a crucial factor in reducing the alkalinity of red mud. Only when the organic acids (malic acid and acetic acid) and phthalic acid monoesters are within a suitable range can the alkalinity of red mud be reduced more effectively. The difference between the liquid treatment agents prepared in Examples 1, 2, and 3 lies in the content of phthalic acid monoesters and solvents. This allows for the simulation of different coexistence situations between organic acids (malic acid and acetic acid) and phthalic acid monoesters, thus revealing different effects on reducing the alkalinity of red mud. The results of the red mud alkalinity reduction in Examples 1, 2, and 3 are analyzed as follows:

[0060] In Example 1, since the content of phthalic acid monoester is relatively high and the content of solvent is relatively low, it is difficult for the solvent to balance the phthalic acid monoester with the malic acid and acetic acid solution. This can easily lead to poor coexistence between phthalic acid monoester and malic acid and acetic acid solution. In other words, phthalic acid monoester is not able to help increase the interfacial contact area between red mud particles and dealkalization medium (malic acid and acetic acid solution), resulting in poor dissolution of alkaline substances inside the red mud.

[0061] In Example 2, since the content of phthalic acid monoester is moderate and the content of solvent is also moderate, phthalic acid monoester can not only help the red mud particles to fully contact the interface with the dealkalization medium (malic acid and acetic acid solution), but also the phthalic acid monoester itself can be better hydrolyzed into phthalic acid, which is convenient for neutralization reaction with hydroxide ions in red mud, thereby improving the alkalinity reduction effect of red mud.

[0062] In Example 3, since the content of phthalic acid monoester is relatively small and the content of solvent is relatively large, the phthalic acid monoester itself is difficult to hydrolyze into phthalic acid, which reduces the number of carboxyl groups in its molecular structure. That is, the number of carboxyl groups that can react with hydroxide ions in red mud is reduced, which leads to poor alkalinity reduction effect of red mud.

[0063] In summary, a comparison of Examples 1, 2, and 3 shows that the liquid treatment agent prepared using the method in Example 2 has the best effect on reducing the alkalinity of red mud. The specific components of treatment agent B are as follows: by mass fraction percentage, the proportions of each component are as follows: malic acid 30%, acetic acid 30%, phthalic acid monoester 20%, solvent (any one or more mixtures of ethanol, ether, or acetone) 10%, and activated alumina 10%, with the total proportion of each component being 100%.

[0064] Example 4:

[0065] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that in the preparation process of treatment agent A in this embodiment, dilute hydrochloric acid solution and dilute sulfuric acid solution are mixed in a 1:1 volume ratio, and then the prepared liquid treatment agent A is used in conjunction with liquid treatment agent B to treat the red mud.

[0066] Example 5:

[0067] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment two is that in the preparation process of treatment agent A in this embodiment, concentrated hydrochloric acid solution and dilute sulfuric acid solution are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1, and then the prepared liquid treatment agent A is used in conjunction with liquid treatment agent B to treat the red mud.

[0068] Example 6:

[0069] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 2 is that in the preparation process of treatment agent A in this embodiment, dilute hydrochloric acid solution and concentrated sulfuric acid solution are mixed in a 1:1 volume ratio, and then the prepared liquid treatment agent A is used in conjunction with liquid treatment agent B to treat the red mud.

[0070] By comparing the treatment of red mud with the liquid treatment agents prepared using the methods of Examples 4, 5, and 6 above, it can be seen that:

[0071] Since treatment agent A is prepared by mixing hydrochloric acid solution and sulfuric acid, and the role of inorganic acids (hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid) is to leach radioactive elements, trace toxic elements, and rare earth metals from the red mud, and to neutralize the alkaline substances in the red mud, thereby reducing the alkalinity of the red mud, the difference between Examples 4, 5, and 6 lies in the different concentrations of hydrochloric acid solution and sulfuric acid solution. The results of red mud treatment in Examples 4, 5, and 6 are analyzed as follows:

[0072] In Example 4, since dilute hydrochloric acid solution and dilute sulfuric acid solution are mixed, the dilute hydrochloric acid solution can not only react with rare earth elements in red mud to produce soluble chlorides, but also the reaction temperature and pressure requirements of the dilute hydrochloric acid solution are relatively low. The dilute sulfuric acid solution can not only reduce the colloidal viscosity of red mud and reduce particle agglomeration, but also separate elements such as titanium, aluminum, iron and scandium in red mud.

[0073] In Example 5, since concentrated hydrochloric acid solution and dilute sulfuric acid solution are mixed, heat is generated during the mixing process, which can easily cause liquid splashing. In addition, harmful gases (sulfur dioxide) are also easily generated, which increases the process requirements for mixing the two. At the same time, concentrated hydrochloric acid solution can easily corrode the equipment.

[0074] In Example 6, the mixing of dilute hydrochloric acid solution and concentrated sulfuric acid solution generates heat and can easily cause liquid splashing during the mixing process. It also readily produces irritating gas (hydrogen chloride), increasing the complexity of the mixing process. Furthermore, the concentrated sulfuric acid solution can easily corrode the equipment.

[0075] In summary, a comparison of Examples 4, 5, and 6 shows that the method described in Example 4, which involves mixing dilute hydrochloric acid solution and dilute sulfuric acid solution in a 1:1 volume ratio and then using the prepared liquid treatment agent A, can better leach radioactive elements, trace toxic elements, and rare earth metals from the red mud, and also reduce the alkalinity of the red mud.

[0076] Example 7:

[0077] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment four is that in this embodiment, during the treatment of red mud, liquid treatment agent A is first used to pre-treat the red mud, and then liquid treatment agent B is used to treat the pre-treated red mud again.

[0078] Example 8:

[0079] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment four is that in this embodiment, during the treatment of red mud, liquid treatment agent B is first used to pre-treat the red mud, and then liquid treatment agent A is used to treat the pre-treated red mud again.

[0080] By comparing the separate treatment of red mud using liquid treatment agent A and liquid treatment agent B through the methods described in Examples 7 and 8 above, it can be seen that:

[0081] In Example 7, the red mud is first treated with liquid treatment agent A (a mixture of dilute hydrochloric acid solution and dilute sulfuric acid), which can significantly leach out radioactive elements, trace toxic elements and rare earth metals from the red mud. At the same time, it can also initially reduce the alkalinity of the red mud. Then, liquid treatment agent B can be used to treat the remaining content after the content of radioactive elements, trace toxic elements and rare earth metals has been reduced. At the same time, it can significantly reduce the alkalinity of the red mud.

[0082] In Example 8, since the red mud is treated with liquid treatment agent B first, this can only reduce the alkalinity of the red mud. This plays a key role in reducing the alkalinity of the red mud, but it is difficult to preliminarily treat the radioactive elements, trace toxic elements and rare earth metals in the red mud. When the red mud is treated with liquid treatment agent A later, there may be cases where the radioactive elements, trace toxic elements and rare earth metals are not completely removed, which will result in poor treatment effect of the red mud.

[0083] Therefore, the technical solution of this application, in conjunction with Embodiments 2, 4 and 7, shows that when the raw materials of liquid treatment agent A are mixed with dilute hydrochloric acid solution and dilute sulfuric acid solution in a 1:1 ratio, and the raw materials of treatment agent B are proportioned by mass fraction as follows: malic acid 30%, acetic acid 30%, phthalic acid monoester 20%, solvent (any one or more mixtures of ethanol, ether or acetone) 10%, and activated alumina 10%, with the total proportion of each component being 100%, the liquid treatment agent prepared in this way for the harmless treatment of red mud, combined with the method of first using liquid treatment agent A to pre-treat the red mud, and then using liquid treatment agent B to further treat the pre-treated red mud, can effectively reduce the alkalinity of the red mud and effectively remove various heavy metals, fluorides, radioactive elements and trace toxic elements from the red mud, avoiding the loss of these harmful substances and pollution of the environment, improving the treatment effect of red mud, and thus achieving the harmless treatment of red mud.

[0084] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud, characterized in that, It includes treatment agent A and treatment agent B, wherein treatment agent A is a mixture of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid; The raw materials of the treatment agent B include the following components: malic acid, acetic acid, phthalic acid monoester, solvent and adsorbent, wherein the mass fraction of each component is malic acid (20%-40%), acetic acid (20%-40%), phthalic acid monoester (15%-25%), solvent (5%-15%) and adsorbent (5%-15%), and the total proportion of each component is 100%. The treatment agent A and treatment agent B must be used separately.

2. The liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid solutions, and the volume ratio of the dilute hydrochloric acid to the dilute sulfuric acid is 1:

1.

3. The liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preparation method of the treatment agent A includes the following steps: Step 1: Weigh out appropriate volumes of dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid solutions using measuring tools, and then pour the dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid solutions into a glass container in a certain proportion. Step 2: During the mixing of dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulfuric acid, use a stirring device to mix until both solutions are completely added, thereby obtaining the required treatment agent A solution.

4. The liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, The components of the treatment agent B are formulated as follows by mass fraction percentage: malic acid 30%, acetic acid 30%, phthalic acid monoester 20%, solvent 10%, and adsorbent 10%, with the total proportion of each component being 100%.

5. A liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud according to claim 4, characterized in that, The solvent is any one or a mixture of ethanol, diethyl ether, or acetone.

6. The liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud according to claim 4, characterized in that, The adsorbent is activated alumina.

7. A liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preparation method of the treatment agent B includes the following steps: S1. Weigh an appropriate volume of malic acid and acetic acid solution using a measuring tool. First, add the malic acid solution to the mixing tank, then add one-third of the solvent content, and use a stirring tool to pre-mix the two. Then, slowly add the acetic acid solution in two batches, and use a stirring tool to mix them in time to obtain the required acid mixture. S2. Phthalic acid monoester is slowly added to the acid mixture prepared in step S1 in three portions, and stirred with a stirring tool. During the first two additions of phthalic acid monoester, the remaining solvent in step S1 is added afterward to obtain the required primary treatment solution. S3. Add the adsorbent slowly in two batches to the primary treatment solution prepared in step S2, and stir with a stirring tool. After all the solutions are fully mixed, the desired treatment agent B solution is obtained.

8. The liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud and its preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S1, the ratio of the amount of acetic acid solution added twice is 2:1, and the time interval between the two additions of acetic acid solution is 0.5h.

9. The liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud and its preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, the phthalic acid monoester is added in three equal proportions, that is, the amount of phthalic acid monoester added each time is one-third, and the ratio of the amounts of solvent added twice is 3:

2.

10. A liquid treatment agent for the harmless treatment of red mud and its preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, the ratio of the adsorbent added twice is 1:1, and the time interval between the two additions of the adsorbent is 0.25h.