High-potential aluminum alloy anode material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-potential aluminum alloy anode material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of light metal functional materials. According to the aluminum alloy anode material, aluminum with the purity larger than 99.999% serves as a raw material, alloy elements are added, and the added alloy elements comprise, by mass, 0.3%-0.7% of Mg, 0.1%-0.15% of Ga, 0.05%-0.08% of Sn and 0.03%-0.07% of In; the mass percentage content of impurities is less than 0.01%; alloy elements are added in the form of magnesium-based binary intermediate alloy. According to the invention, modification research on an aluminum alloy anode material is carried out by adopting a microalloying mode, and a high-potential aluminum alloy electrode material is prepared through key processes such as smelting and casting of a microalloyed aluminum alloy electrode, ultra-thin cold pressing processing of the aluminum alloy electrode and multi-stage heat treatment of the aluminum alloy electrode; the prepared high-potential aluminum alloy anode material is high in electrochemical activity; processing is easy, cost is low, and pollution is avoided; the corrosion resistance is good; the hydrogen evolution rate is low, the discharge potential is stable and the electrode utilization rate is high.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of light metal functional materials, in particular to a high-potential aluminum alloy anode material and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Aluminum silver oxide battery is a primary battery with aluminum as anode active material and silver oxide as cathode active material, which generates electric energy through electrochemical reaction. Its working principle is based on the oxidation reaction of aluminum losing electrons in the electrolyte solution and the reduction reaction of silver oxide gaining electrons, thereby converting chemical energy into electric energy. It has the characteristics of high energy density, stable voltage, strong environmental adaptability, good storage performance, etc., and has irreplaceable advantages in harsh power supply requirements, and its application is mainly concentrated in special electronic equipment, high-end instruments and meters, military and aerospace fields.

[0003] The standard electrode potential of aluminum in neutral and acidic medium is-1.66V (vs SCE), and in alkaline medium is-2.31V (vs SCE); the theoretical capacity is 2.98 Ah / g, second only to lithium; and its volume specific capacity is 8.05 Ah / cm 3 , higher than other metals, which is an ideal anode material. However, aluminum is a kind of active metal element, and has strong affinity with oxygen. In the air or aqueous solution, a dense oxide film will be formed on its surface, so that the electrode potential of the electrode in actual work cannot reach the theoretical electrode potential, causing voltage hysteresis during discharge; at the same time, as an amphoteric element, aluminum reacts with hydroxyl in alkaline solution to generate hydrogen and aluminate, causing serious hydrogen evolution self-corrosion of aluminum anode in the reaction, reducing the utilization rate of aluminum alloy, the specific energy and specific power of the battery, affecting the normal use of the battery, and also causing safety hazards of the battery; in addition, in the aluminum anode discharge process, aluminum loses electrons to generate aluminum ions, which combine with hydroxyl in the solution to generate aluminum hydroxide precipitate. With the reaction, the aluminum hydroxide precipitate gradually increases, which will block the internal channels of the battery, affect the circulation of electrolyte and ion transmission, and cause serious polarization during battery operation, thereby leading to the decline of battery performance. It can be seen that there are problems such as surface passivation, corrosion and polarization in the discharge process of aluminum alloy anode material, which directly affects the high-energy characteristics of aluminum alloy anode material. Therefore, based on the above technical defects, it is an urgent technical problem to be solved in the prior art to construct a high-potential, low-hydrogen evolution and high-efficiency anode material with high purity of aluminum ingot raw material, low impurities of prepared alloy material and no toxic elements. SUMMARY

[0004] Based on the above technical problems to be solved by the present application, the present application adopts smelting and casting process technology, ultra-thin cold pressing processing technology, multi-stage heat treatment process technology for aluminum alloy anode material, and based on this, proposes a high potential aluminum alloy anode material and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0005] One of the purposes of the present application is to provide a high potential aluminum alloy anode material, the raw material of the high potential aluminum alloy anode material is aluminum; the additive alloy of the high potential aluminum alloy anode material accounts for 0.3% to 0.7% of magnesium, 0.1% to 0.15% of gallium, 0.05% to 0.08% of tin, and 0.03% to 0.07% of indium in terms of mass percentage of the high potential aluminum alloy anode material; the impurity percentage of the high potential aluminum alloy anode material is not more than 0.01%; and the additive alloy is a magnesium-based binary intermediate alloy.

[0006] Further, the high potential aluminum alloy anode material is assembled into a battery with a high active silver oxide cathode material, under the condition of 79℃ to 83℃, 4mol / L to 4.5mol / L NaOH solution + 20g / L Na2SnO3 solution, the average voltage of the battery is 1.705V at a current density of 600mA / cm 2 , and the average voltage of the battery is 1.771V at a current density of 200mA / cm 2 .

[0007] The second purpose of the present application is to provide a preparation method of a high potential aluminum alloy anode material, comprising: S1, smelting Al ingot and Mg ingot, adding low melting point raw material in the form of intermediate alloy to obtain smelted metal liquid; S2, building a mold, pouring the smelted metal liquid on the mold to obtain aluminum alloy ingot; S3, homogenizing the aluminum alloy ingot to obtain rolling stock; S4, hot rolling, cold rolling and finish rolling the rolling stock to obtain aluminum alloy sheet; S5, solid solution annealing heat treatment and finish aging treatment of the aluminum alloy sheet to obtain the aluminum sheet after finish heat treatment; and S6, grinding the aluminum sheet after finish heat treatment to obtain the high potential aluminum alloy anode material.

[0008] Further, the smelted Al ingot and Mg ingot, adding low melting point raw material in the form of intermediate alloy to obtain smelted metal liquid, comprises:

[0009] S11, baking Al ingot and Mg ingot to obtain moisture-dried Al ingot and Mg ingot;

[0010] S12, preparing and obtaining low melting point raw material Sn, In and Ga in the form of intermediate alloy;

[0011] S13, preheat the furnace temperature to 650-750℃, add 30%-70% of the amount of Al ingot; the furnace temperature reaches 700-800℃, the holding temperature is 710-750℃; the remaining aluminum ingot is pressed into the aluminum liquid to melt, the temperature is controlled at 700-720℃, to obtain the aluminum liquid; the moisture-dried Mg ingot is added to the aluminum liquid, a high-purity graphite rod is used to press the Mg ingot, so that the moisture-dried Mg ingot is fully immersed in the aluminum liquid, and the Al-Mg alloy liquid is obtained by melting;

[0012] S14, control the temperature at 700-720℃, add the low-melting-point raw material Sn, In, Ga in the form of intermediate alloy to the Al-Mg alloy liquid, and fully stir for 10-30 min with a graphite stirring rod; cover the furnace cover, and wait until the temperature is stable at 700-740℃ to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid;

[0013] S15, place the refining agent wrapped with aluminum foil into a high-purity graphite bell, press the high-purity graphite bell into the aluminum alloy liquid at 700-720℃, so that the refining agent fully reacts with the aluminum alloy liquid, and after the refining is completed, the high-purity graphite bell is taken out and left to stand for 5-30 min to obtain the smelted metal liquid.

[0014] Further, the construction mold is used to cast the smelted metal liquid on the mold to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, comprising:

[0015] S21, constructing a mold, weighing the smelted metal liquid, and pouring it into the mold by using a low-casting method to obtain a mold poured with the smelted metal liquid;

[0016] S22, cooling and demolding the mold poured with the smelted metal liquid to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot. Further, the aluminum alloy ingot is homogenized to obtain a rolling stock, comprising:

[0017] S31, homogenizing the aluminum alloy ingot by using an annealing furnace, the annealing temperature is 450-550℃, and the heating rate of the annealing furnace is 2-4℃ / min; after being stabilized at 450-550℃, the aluminum alloy ingot is loaded into the furnace without being in contact with a stainless steel sleeve to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot to be homogenized;

[0018] S32, stabilizing the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot to be homogenized and starting timing, the holding time is 2-6h; the furnace is discharged, and the rolling stock is obtained by water quenching for 2-5 min.

[0019] Further, the rolling stock is hot-rolled, cold-rolled and finish-rolled to obtain an aluminum alloy sheet, comprising:

[0020] S41, the rolling stock is hot-rolled, comprising:

[0021] S411, using a resistance furnace with a stainless steel inner sleeve, the empty furnace is heated to 350-450℃, the rolling blank is loaded into the resistance furnace, and after the temperature is stable, the heat preservation is started for 0.5-2h, and the rolling blank after heat preservation is obtained;

[0022] S412, the rolling thickness is determined, and the heating is recorded as one rolling cycle, and the rolling blank after heat preservation is at least hot rolled for one cycle; the deformation amount of the hot rolling pass is not higher than 25%, and the total deformation amount is not higher than 70%; annealing, the annealing temperature is 350-450℃, and the blank after hot rolling treatment is obtained;

[0023] S42, the blank after hot rolling treatment is cold rolled, comprising:

[0024] The rolling thickness is determined, and the blank after hot rolling treatment is cold rolled, the deformation amount of the cold rolling pass is 25%-35%, and the total deformation amount is not higher than 90%; the blank after cold rolling treatment is obtained;

[0025] S43, the blank after cold rolling treatment is finish rolled, comprising:

[0026] The rolling thickness is determined, and the blank after cold rolling treatment is finish rolled, the deformation amount of the finish rolling pass is 25%-35%, and the total deformation amount is not higher than 75%, and the aluminum alloy sheet is obtained.

[0027] Further, the aluminum alloy sheet is subjected to solid solution annealing heat treatment and finish aging treatment, and the aluminum sheet after finish heat treatment is obtained, comprising:

[0028] S51, the aluminum alloy sheet is subjected to solid solution annealing heat treatment, comprising:

[0029] S511, the annealing furnace temperature is set to 150-250℃, the temperature is raised at a rate of 3℃ / min, and the annealing furnace temperature is 250-350℃, the aluminum alloy sheet is loaded into the furnace, and after the temperature rises to 250-350℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 2-6h, and the aluminum alloy ingot after solid solution is obtained;

[0030] S512, the aluminum alloy ingot after solid solution is taken out of the furnace, and cold water quenching is carried out for 0.5-3min, and the aluminum alloy sheet after solid solution annealing heat treatment is obtained;

[0031] S52, the aluminum alloy sheet after solid solution annealing heat treatment is subjected to finish aging treatment, comprising:

[0032] S521, set the annealing furnace temperature to 150-250 DEG C, 3 DEG C / min rate of temperature rise, to the annealing furnace temperature is 250-350 DEG C, 20-40 pieces of the solution annealing heat treated aluminum alloy plate is arranged in multiple groups, no overlap, get hot flat arrangement of aluminum alloy plate;

[0033] S522, set the annealing furnace pressure to 25-35kN, the flat finishing of the hot flat arrangement of aluminum alloy plate, placed in the annealing furnace 150-250 DEG C, 5-15min;Pressure relief, get annealed aluminum alloy plate;

[0034] S523, the annealed aluminum alloy plate is placed in the annealing furnace, set the annealing furnace pressure to 25-35kN, finishing flat;When the temperature is 150-250 DEG C, heat preservation 0.5-1.5h;Complete the finishing aging treatment, pressure relief, get the finishing heat treated aluminum plate.

[0035] Further, the finishing heat treated aluminum plate is ground, and the high potential aluminum alloy anode material is obtained, comprising:

[0036] S61, the finishing heat treated aluminum plate is ground on one side to obtain a single-sided ground aluminum plate;S62, the single-sided ground aluminum plate is ground on the other side to obtain a high potential aluminum alloy anode material;S63, the thickness of the high potential aluminum alloy anode material is 0.2-0.3mm.

[0037] The third object of the present application is to provide an application of the high potential aluminum alloy anode material in the preparation of seawater activated battery.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present application provides a high potential aluminum alloy anode material, a preparation method and an application thereof, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0039] The high potential aluminum alloy anode material provided by the present application has a material system of Al-Mg-Ga-Sn-In, and no toxic elements Hg and Pb are added to the alloy elements, so that there is no risk of personal safety and environmental pollution, and no rare earth element is used, so that the production cost is relatively low.

[0040] Further, the preparation method of the high potential aluminum alloy anode material provided by the present application optimizes the alloy smelting process, adopts reasonable smelting temperature, smelting time, feeding sequence, strengthens electromagnetic stirring and adopts appropriate refining agent and other measures, strictly controls the content of impurities, analyzes the alloy composition and content in real time, reduces the composition segregation, and makes the alloy composition uniformly distributed.

[0041] Further, the high-potential aluminum alloy anode material preparation method provided by the present application improves the material forming process, adopts ultra-thin cold pressing technology combined with multi-stage heat treatment technology, reasonably controls the process parameters in the forming process, improves the density and uniformity of the material, and reduces the organizational defects of the material, thereby greatly improving the electrode potential, energy density and power density of the aluminum alloy anode material, and reducing the activation time and self-corrosion hydrogen evolution of the aluminum alloy anode.

[0042] Further, the ultra-thin cold pressing technology provided by the present application adopts a rolling process of hot rolling breakdown + two-roller cold rolling + four-roller finishing rolling, and the porosity of the material is greatly reduced through multiple rolling, so that the material is more dense, the entry of corrosion medium into the internal channel of the material is greatly reduced, and the corrosion resistance is significantly improved; the grain size of the material is obviously reduced through multiple rolling, and the grain boundary area increases after grain refinement, the grain boundary is an irregular region of atomic arrangement, which can hinder the diffusion of corrosion medium and also disperse the corrosion current, thereby improving the corrosion resistance of the material; through multiple rolling, the distribution of alloying elements is more uniform, the local corrosion tendency caused by composition segregation is reduced, and the material has more consistent corrosion resistance as a whole.

[0043] Further, the multi-stage heat treatment technology provided by the present application adopts solid solution annealing + finishing aging annealing process, and the surface oxidation of the aluminum alloy anode material is reduced through the multi-stage heat treatment process, and the microstructure of the material is regulated, thereby stabilizing the performance of the aluminum alloy anode material, maintaining good discharge performance of the aluminum alloy anode material, and significantly improving the corrosion resistance, thereby showing excellent comprehensive performance. The problem that the plate is not flat and has more or less bending after rolling and single heat treatment of the aluminum alloy anode material is solved, and the problem that the second phase is uneven and unstable after single heat treatment is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 An aluminum alloy anode material preparation process diagram of an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0045] Figure 2 An aluminum alloy anode material micro-alloying smelting process flow diagram of an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0046] Figure 3 An aluminum alloy anode material element distribution diagram of an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0047] Figure 4 An aluminum alloy casting process flow diagram of an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0048] Figure 5 An ultra-thin cold pressing process flow diagram of a high-potential aluminum alloy anode material of an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0049] Figure 6 A sample picture of an aluminum alloy anode material after ultra-thin cold pressing processing according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0050] Figure 7 A multi-stage heat treatment regulation technology diagram of a high-potential aluminum alloy anode material according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0051] Figure 8 An SEM picture of an aluminum alloy anode material after multi-stage heat treatment according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0052] Figure 9 A discharge voltage curve diagram of a high-potential aluminum alloy anode material under a current density of 600 mA / cm 2 according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0053] Figure 10 A discharge voltage curve diagram of a high-potential aluminum alloy anode material under a current density of 200 mA / cm 2 according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0054] Figure 11 A morphology picture of an aluminum alloy anode material after corrosion according to an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0055] Figure 12 A comparison diagram of an embodiment of the present application and a comparative example is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] Exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described herein below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present application can be more thoroughly and completely understood, and so that the scope of the present application can be accurately conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0057] In the following examples, if not specifically indicated, the technical means used are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the reagents and materials in the present application are obtained from the market or other public channels.

[0058] A high-potential aluminum alloy anode material, a preparation method and applications thereof according to the present application are described in Figure 1 , and the technical principles mainly include:

[0059] The preparation process of the aluminum alloy anode material adopts micro-alloying to modify the aluminum alloy anode material, and through key process technologies such as micro-alloying aluminum alloy electrode smelting and casting, aluminum alloy electrode ultra-thin cold pressing, and aluminum alloy electrode multi-stage heat treatment, a high-potential aluminum alloy electrode material is prepared, which effectively solves the problems of surface passivation, polarization and corrosion of the aluminum alloy electrode material in the existing technology during the discharge process.

[0060] Firstly, for the aluminum alloy electrode smelting and casting technology:

[0061] The present application comprehensively considers the alloying elements and different proportions of different elements in the aluminum alloy anode material, which greatly affect the alloy structure and electrochemical performance. The addition of a single element cannot guarantee that the electrical performance and hydrogen evolution performance of the aluminum alloy can be improved at the same time, and multiple elements need to be added to balance the polarization and self-corrosion of the aluminum alloy anode under the coordination of multiple elements. The trace elements exist in the aluminum alloy mainly in the form of solid solution and second phase, and the existence form of trace elements in the aluminum alloy is different when the addition amount of trace elements is different. Excessive element addition can easily lead to the precipitation of segregation phase at the grain boundary, causing serious grain boundary corrosion and low utilization rate of aluminum alloy. In order to inhibit the hydrogen evolution of aluminum alloy, some elements with high hydrogen evolution overpotential need to be added, but their solid solubility in aluminum is low, the potential is positive, and they are cathodic phase relative to aluminum, which can easily form a micro-battery with aluminum and aggravate the corrosion of aluminum.

[0062] The high-potential aluminum alloy anode material smelting and casting process is developed around micro-alloying. The mechanism of each element on the material is analyzed, and the elements beneficial to the improvement of battery performance are selected according to the characteristics and requirements of the aluminum alloy negative electrode material. The suitable orthogonal experiment is developed combined with these characteristics, and the micro-alloying design research is carried out. Then, according to the designed orthogonal experiment, the micro-alloying forming technology of the aluminum alloy anode material is researched, and the alloy adding method, adding order, temperature control, casting control, impurity control and other parameters in the micro-alloying forming process are researched. The aluminum alloy anode material formed is analyzed online for full composition to ensure the correct composition and content of alloying.

[0063] Secondly, for the ultra-thin cold pressing technology of the aluminum alloy anode material:

[0064] The defects such as porosity, shrinkage, inclusion and porosity exist in the as-cast aluminum alloy anode material, so that the electrochemical performance of the aluminum alloy is poor, and the influence caused by the alloy defects can be reduced by rolling the alloy structure, so as to improve the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy in the electrolyte. The present application adjusts the material structure by adopting the combination of rough rolling (cold rolling + hot rolling) and finish rolling. The rough rolling is to carry out blooming rolling on the as-cast aluminum alloy material. The surface oxide layer of about 5mm is removed, and the standard impurities and defects are also removed, and then the thick plate is processed to 1.2-1.5mm through multi-pass rolling with large deformation.

[0065] The finish rolling is to control the thickness and shape of the aluminum alloy material, so that the thickness of the aluminum alloy sheet is uniform, and the shape is flat. The aluminum alloy material after rough rolling is subjected to surface treatment, and the surface oxide layer and defect layer of about 0.2-0.5mm are removed, and then finish rolling is carried out on the finish rolling mill. By controlling the roll gap and pass deformation, the aluminum alloy will not appear concave-convex state or wave state during rolling, and the sheet is gradually reduced to about 0.25mm, while ensuring that the size of different parts of the sheet is relatively uniform during rolling.

[0066] Thirdly, for the multi-stage heat treatment of the aluminum alloy anode material:

[0067] The aluminum alloy anode material is required to bear a large current density under certain conditions, and to maintain electrical performance, electrical stability and low self-corrosion performance under a large current density, and the shape and mechanical properties of the material are also required to be controlled. The aluminum alloy after thin plate pressure processing has a large number of point defects, dislocations and other crystal defects due to the change of the structure, and stores a considerable amount of elastic distortion energy, which is easy to produce internal resistance of different degrees at these crystal defects, affecting the potential of the aluminum alloy anode material. At the same time, the shape of the material needs to be controlled during use. Since the material is a thin plate of about 0.25mm, the control of the flatness and mechanical properties of the thin plate during processing is helpful to the subsequent battery structure design, which puts forward certain difficulty requirements for the process control of the anode material heat treatment preparation technology. Therefore, through the research on the heat treatment technology of the anode material, the aluminum alloy anode material with uniform structure and appropriate grain size is obtained.

[0068] The aluminum alloy sheet is relatively thin in thickness, and it is difficult to straighten the sheet to a relatively flat degree by using a traditional straightening device, and if the temperature of general heat treatment is slightly uneven, the sheet will be bent. The multi-stage heat treatment regulation and control technology uses a pressure straightening method to press a certain number of sheets, and multi-stage heat treatment is carried out in a heating furnace, so that the problem that the traditional method is difficult to straighten can be effectively solved. At the same time, the aluminum alloy is pressed tightly, which can avoid the entry of air and cause the oxidation of the surface of the aluminum alloy to be too large, thereby affecting the related performance of the aluminum alloy anode material.

[0069] The heat treatment regulation and control technology of the present application mainly combines pressure leveling with heat treatment, and first performs low-temperature pressure leveling annealing. This is mainly because there is a large amount of processing internal stress in the aluminum alloy after pressure processing, so timely pressure leveling treatment is needed to make the sheet flat. Then, the temperature is gradually increased to the required temperature, and the aluminum alloy anode material is annealed and heat treated at the same time. Finally, the pressure is removed after cooling. The technology has high overall integration, and the aluminum alloy sheet after heat treatment is relatively flat, which meets the requirements of seawater activated batteries for aluminum alloy anode materials.

[0070] Based on the above principle, the present application provides a preparation method of a high-potential aluminum alloy anode material, comprising: S1, melting Al ingot and Mg ingot, adding low-melting-point raw materials in the form of intermediate alloy to obtain a molten metal liquid; S2, constructing a mold, pouring the molten metal liquid on the mold to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot; S3, homogenizing the aluminum alloy ingot to obtain a rolling blank; S4, hot rolling, cold rolling and finish rolling the rolling blank to obtain an aluminum alloy sheet; S5, solid solution annealing heat treatment and finish aging treatment of the aluminum alloy sheet to obtain an aluminum sheet after finish heat treatment; S6, grinding the aluminum sheet after finish heat treatment to obtain the high-potential aluminum alloy anode material.

[0071] The high-potential aluminum alloy anode material provided by the present application can be applied to improve the discharge performance of seawater activated batteries.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] The present application provides a raw material melting test.

[0074] Mainly includes:

[0075] (1) The raw materials Al ingot and Mg ingot need to be baked at 120℃ for 1h before being put into the furnace to fully dry the internal moisture of the raw materials and ensure the safety of the smelting process. The purity of the raw materials: high-purity aluminum ingot Al≥99.999%, high-purity magnesium ingot≥99.99%, Sn≥99.99%, Ga≥99.999%, and In≥99.995%. The composition of the high-potential aluminum alloy sample material: Mg 0.3-0.7, Ga 0.1-0.15, Sn 0.05-0.08, and In 0.03-0.07.

[0076] (2) The low-melting-point raw materials Sn, In, and Ga are added in the form of intermediate alloy.

[0077] (3) The crucible is placed in the smelting furnace and heated with the furnace. When the furnace temperature reaches 700℃, the aluminum ingot (about half of the furnace charge) is added. When the furnace temperature rises to 750℃, start the heat preservation, and control the temperature between 750-770℃, and the solution temperature is 710-750℃.

[0078] (4) The remaining aluminum ingot is pressed into the aluminum liquid one by one for melting. After all the aluminum blocks are melted, measure the solution temperature and control it at 700-720℃.

[0079] (5) The baked metal Mg raw material is added to the aluminum liquid, and a high-purity graphite rod is used to press the Mg to make it fully immersed in the aluminum liquid to prevent it from burning.

[0080] (6) After the metal Mg is melted, the raw materials such as Sn, In, and Ga are added in turn. Pay attention to control the solution temperature at 700-720℃ during the addition of alloying elements.

[0081] (7) Use a graphite stirring rod to fully stir the solution for 20min. Pay attention to change the direction during stirring to make the stirring as uniform as possible.

[0082] (8) After stirring, cover the furnace cover and wait for the temperature to stabilize to 720℃ again.

[0083] (9) Take samples within the smelting temperature range, stir thoroughly before sampling, and use online composition detection equipment to detect the composition of the aluminum alloy.

[0084] (10) Place the aluminum foil packaged refining agent (chloride salt and fluoride salt) in a high-purity graphite bell, slowly press the bell into the melt, and the temperature is 700-720℃, until the bottom of the melt, and constantly shake the bell up and down, so that the refining agent fully mixes with the melt. Take out the bell after refining is completed.

[0085] (11) Then let the solution stand for 10min, so that the flux slag floats to the surface, and then use a graphite slag spoon to remove the slag on the surface.

[0086] Results:

[0087] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the present application proposes a detailed process route for smelting high-potential aluminum alloy, by controlling raw materials, temperature, time, impurities, and process parameters, ensuring the purity and uniformity of the aluminum liquid, reducing defects such as pores and slag, and obtaining an alloy melt with stable performance. Further, the raw materials are pretreated before smelting to ensure safety during the smelting process. Further, electromagnetic stirring is used during smelting, with key points such as stirring time, stirring temperature, and stirring direction being defined, making the alloy smelting more complete. Further, alloy composition online detection and analysis technology is used during alloy smelting, which can ensure that the content of added alloy elements remains within the set range, preventing insufficient or excessive addition of alloy elements, and improving the quality and efficiency of alloy smelting.

[0088] Example 2

[0089] The present application proposes a casting test.

[0090] Mainly includes:

[0091] (1) Two L-shaped half-molds are assembled and clamped at both ends of the mold with a bow-shaped clamp to ensure that the connection does not expand during casting, causing the solution to leak out.

[0092] (2) The pouring temperature is 680-700℃, and the roasted ladle is weighed with metal liquid, paying attention to not stirring the metal liquid as much as possible.

[0093] (3) Align the ladle with the pouring hole of the mold and use the runner low casting method to pour.

[0094] (4) The pouring speed must be fast at the beginning to fill the mold with metal liquid as soon as possible; then gradually reduce the pouring speed, and when the metal liquid reaches the uppermost edge of the mold, control the pouring speed to the minimum to start the feeding process, and try to reduce the internal defects of the metal ingot.

[0095] (5) Scrape out all the residues in the ladle for the next pouring.

[0096] (6) After pouring is completed, the mold is removed after the ingot cools for a period of time, and the ingot is taken out.

[0097] (7) After all the molten metal in the crucible is poured, the remaining material and residue in the crucible are cleaned.

[0098] Results:

[0099] Referring to Figure 4The application provides a specific casting step for high-potential aluminum alloy melt pouring, and comprises a pouring mold, a pouring temperature, a pouring speed, a pouring method and the like, and through optimization of a pouring system, control of metal liquid quality, stabilization of a mold filling process and cooperation of a reasonable mold process, generation of defects such as porosity, shrinkage cavity and gas hole in a traditional aluminum alloy melt pouring can be effectively reduced, and the forming effect and internal quality of the casting are ensured.Further, the application adopts a runner bottom casting method for pouring, and compared with a traditional top pouring method, has the advantages of stable mold filling, reduced slag inclusion and reasonable temperature distribution.The metal liquid slowly flows into the mold from the bottom, splashing and impact phenomena caused by the metal liquid falling from a high place in the top pouring method are avoided, the possibility of metal liquid oxidation and gas entrainment is reduced, and the quality of the casting is improved.The stable mold filling process makes impurities such as slag more easily float to the surface of the metal liquid, facilitates removal in the pouring process, and reduces the probability of casting slag inclusion defects.When the bottom pouring is performed, the metal liquid fills from the bottom to the top, is beneficial to reasonable control of a temperature field in the mold, promotes sequential solidification of the casting from the bottom to the top, facilitates setting of a riser for feeding, and improves densification of the casting.

[0100] Example 3

[0101] The application provides a homogenization treatment test.

[0102] The application mainly comprises the following steps:

[0103] (1) a box-type annealing furnace is used for homogenization treatment of the aluminum alloy cast ingot, the annealing temperature is 500 DEG C, and the annealing furnace is heated at a heating rate of 3 DEG C / min.

[0104] (2) after the temperature of the annealing furnace reaches and stabilizes at 500 DEG C, the furnace is loaded, small steel bars are placed on the bottom of the furnace, the cast ingot is placed horizontally, and the cast ingot is ensured not to be in direct contact with the stainless steel sleeve in the up-down, left-right and front-back directions, so as to prevent local overheating of the cast ingot during heating.

[0105] (3) after the furnace is loaded, the temperature is increased to 500 DEG C, and the holding time is calculated, the homogenization treatment holding time of the aluminum alloy is 4h.

[0106] (5) after the holding time reaches 4h, the furnace door is opened, the aluminum alloy cast ingot is taken out and quenched by cold water, stays in the water for about 2-3min, and after being taken out, the surface water of the cast ingot is dried by preheating.

[0107] Results:

[0108] Since the solidification of the molten aluminum starts from the inner wall of the crystallizer and spreads to the interior of the molten aluminum in the direction perpendicular to the cooling surface, the casting structure has obvious directionality; as the solidification layer of the molten aluminum thickens, the heat transfer coefficient decreases, the formation and growth of the inner and outer crystal nuclei are inconsistent, the shape, orientation and size of the grains change, the segregation phenomenon caused by the metal composition during solidification expands the recrystallization temperature interval, reduces the nucleation rate, and thus produces coarse grains. Through the homogenization treatment process, the uneven state of the casting crystalline structure is improved to different degrees, the second phase is uniformly precipitated, the intracrystalline segregation is reduced or eliminated, the composition of the aluminum alloy anode material is more uniform, and thus the performance of the aluminum alloy anode material is optimized, the potential is more stable during work, the corrosion is uniform, the interdendritic preferential corrosion or grain boundary corrosion is reduced, the anode efficiency is improved, and the service life is prolonged.

[0109] Example 4

[0110] The application provides a super-thin cold pressing test (hot rolling + cold rolling + finish rolling).

[0111] The application mainly comprises the following steps.

[0112] Firstly, hot rolling is carried out.

[0113] (1) The box-type resistance furnace with a stainless steel inner sleeve is used for heating, and the empty furnace is heated to 400 DEG C.

[0114] (2) After the temperature of the box-type furnace is stable, the rolling blank is loaded into the furnace in an orderly manner, and when the temperature is returned to and stabilized at 400 DEG C, the timing is started, and the holding time is 1 h.

[0115] (3) The equipment is started, and several pieces of material are taken out for rolling first, and the screw rod is adjusted to the appropriate position.

[0116] (4) After the rolling thickness of the pass is determined, batch hot rolling is started, and during rolling, each heating is a cycle, two passes are rolled, that is, after passing in the positive direction, the blank is turned over by 180 DEG, and the blank is passed again without adjusting the reduction amount, so that the reduction amount of the two ends is balanced, and the thickness of the two ends of the blank is kept consistent.

[0117] (5) After all the blanks are hot rolled for one cycle, the blanks are heated in the box-type resistance furnace again, and when the temperature is returned to and stabilized at 400 DEG C, the timing is started, and the holding time is 1 h, and then the next pass is continuously rolled.

[0118] (6) The deformation amount of the hot rolling pass is less than or equal to 25 %, and the total deformation amount is less than or equal to 70 %.

[0119] (7) After the last pass of hot rolling is completed, the blank is placed in the box-type resistance furnace for annealing treatment, the temperature is 400 DEG C, the holding time is 1 h, and after the annealing is completed, the blank is taken out and air-cooled.

[0120] The second step, cold rolling:

[0121] (1) After hot rolling is completed, cold rolling begins. First, take a few pieces of material for pre-rolling and adjust the screw to the appropriate position.

[0122] (2) After the rolling thickness of the pass is determined, batch cold rolling is started under room temperature conditions. During rolling, two passes are rolled, that is, after passing through in the forward direction, the plate is rotated 180° and passed through again without adjusting the reduction amount, so as to balance the reduction amount at both ends and keep the thickness of the plate consistent at both ends.

[0123] (3) The deformation of each cold rolling pass is between 25% and 35%, and the total deformation is controlled within 90%.

[0124] Finishing rolling:

[0125] (1) First, take a few pieces of material for pre-rolling, adjust the screw to a suitable position, and after determining the rolling thickness of the pass, start batch hot rolling. During rolling, each heating is one cycle, and two passes are rolled. That is, after passing through in the forward direction, rotate 180° and pass through again without adjusting the reduction amount to balance the reduction amount at both ends and keep the thickness of the plate consistent at both ends.

[0126] (2) The deformation of each cold finishing rolling pass is between 25% and 35%, the total deformation is controlled within 75%, and the final thickness is controlled within 0.25mm ± 0.1mm.

[0127] result:

[0128] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 6 Through ultra-thin cold pressing, aluminum alloy materials undergo plastic deformation, which breaks down coarse grains in the microstructure, resulting in finer and more uniform grains in the matrix. This increases the material's density, reduces internal defects and porosity, and decreases the channels through which corrosive media enter the material, thereby improving the aluminum alloy's corrosion resistance. Aluminum alloy anode materials prepared using ultra-thin cold pressing technology have a thickness of only 0.25 mm, increasing the material's specific energy.

[0129] Example 5

[0130] This invention proposes a multi-stage heat treatment test.

[0131] Mainly includes:

[0132] First, solution annealing heat treatment:

[0133] (1) The solid solution annealing heat treatment of the aluminum alloy sheet is carried out by using a box-type annealing furnace. First, the furnace temperature is set to 200°C, and the temperature is raised at a rate of 3°C / min. After the temperature of the annealing furnace reaches 300°C, the furnace is loaded. When loading, small bars are placed on the bottom of the furnace, and the ingot is placed horizontally to ensure that the ingot is not in direct contact with the stainless steel sleeve in the up-down, left-right, and front-back directions to prevent local overheating of the ingot during heating.

[0134] (2) After loading, the temperature is raised to 300°C, and the holding time is calculated. The homogenization treatment of the aluminum alloy lasts for 4h.

[0135] (3) After the holding time reaches 4h, the furnace door is opened, and the aluminum alloy ingot is taken out and quenched in cold water. The ingot stays in the water for about 1min, and then the surface water is wiped off. It is important to quickly put the ingot into the cold water to avoid deformation of the sheet.

[0136] Second, finishing aging treatment:

[0137] (1) The finishing aging heat treatment of the aluminum alloy material is carried out by using a hot flat annealing furnace. First, the furnace temperature is set to 200°C, and the temperature is raised at a rate of 3°C / min. After the temperature of the annealing furnace reaches and stabilizes at 200°C, 30 sheets are arranged in a group on the hot flat area, and the sheets are arranged regularly in the hot flat to ensure that the sheets do not overlap each other.

[0138] (2) The hot flat annealing furnace is controlled to be tightly pressed, and the pressure is set to 30kN. The sheets are finished and flattened under a certain pressure. The furnace door is closed, and the temperature is held at 200°C for 10min. Then the furnace door is opened, and the pressure is released to take out the sheets.

[0139] (3) The finished aluminum alloy sheets are re-arranged and aligned, and placed in the hot flat. The hot flat annealing furnace is controlled to be tightly pressed, and the pressure is set to 30kN. The sheets are finished and flattened under a certain pressure. The furnace door is closed, and the temperature is held at 200°C for 1h. After the aging treatment is completed, the furnace door is opened, and the pressure is released to take out the sheets.

[0140] Results:

[0141] Please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 , the multi-stage heat treatment process of aluminum alloy is an important step to adjust the microstructure and properties of aluminum alloy sheet. This process also determines the comprehensive electrical properties of aluminum alloy material. The microstructure of the rolled aluminum alloy sheet is small, but it is accompanied by obvious dislocation defects and a large amount of processing internal stress, which seriously affects the electrical properties of the aluminum alloy material. Therefore, a multi-stage heat treatment method combining high-temperature solid solution annealing and low-temperature finishing aging is used for heat treatment of the aluminum alloy sheet.

[0142] Further, the aluminum alloy anode material used in high-power seawater activated batteries is usually thin plate-shaped electrodes, that is, the aluminum alloy anode finally uses deformed material. After rolling deformation, a large number of crystal defects are generated due to the change of the structure, so that the strength and hardness of the material are improved, and the plasticity is reduced. At the same time, there is a considerable amount of elastic distortion energy in the deformed metal, so the structure and properties of the deformed metal are in a metastable state, and there is a tendency to change to a stable state. Therefore, the purpose of solid solution annealing heat treatment is to restore and improve the plasticity of the anode material, partially eliminate the crystal defects and elastic distortion energy in the alloy, and promote the transition from the metastable state to the stable state.

[0143] Further, the aluminum alloy plate after rolling and solid solution annealing is not flat, and there is more or less bending, and the second phase after solid solution treatment is not uniform and stable. By stacking and pressing a certain number of aluminum alloy thin plates, and performing finishing aging heat treatment in a heating furnace, the problem of difficult flattening in the traditional way can be effectively solved. At the same time, the aluminum alloy thin plates are pressed tightly, which helps to avoid the entry of air and cause excessive oxidation of the aluminum alloy surface, thereby affecting the related properties of the aluminum alloy anode material.

[0144] Example 6

[0145] The present application provides a surface treatment test.

[0146] Mainly includes:

[0147] (1) The aluminum plate after finishing heat treatment is subjected to single-sided grinding treatment on a polishing and grinding machine, and the thickness of the plate is measured.

[0148] (2) The other side is ground.

[0149] (3) The thickness is measured again after double-sided grinding. The thickness size is 0.25mm±0.01mm.

[0150] Results:

[0151] Remove small scratches, oxidation spots, burrs and other defects on the surface of the plate; reduce the surface roughness to make the surface smoother; homogenize the waviness, which can be micro-cut and trimmed through grinding processing to make the waviness more uniform and improve the flatness of the aluminum alloy anode material; enhance the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy anode material; the flat, smooth and defect-free surface can reduce the adhesion and invasion channels of corrosive media, and the small holes, gaps and other defects on the surface can be removed through this step of grinding to improve the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy anode material in harsh environments.

[0152] Example 7

[0153] The application provides a performance test experiment for the Al-Mg-Sn-Ga-In alloy negative electrode material prepared by the application.

[0154] Mainly include:

[0155] The Al-Mg-Sn-Ga-In alloy negative electrode material prepared by the application is assembled into an Al-AgO battery with a silver oxide electrode to perform corresponding performance test, and the performance test results are as follows:

[0156] (1) temperature during the test: 81.5℃±1.5℃;

[0157] (2) electrolyte condition: 4.5mol / L NaOH+20g / L Na2SnO3 solution;

[0158] (3) constant current discharge current density: 600mA / cm 2 ; 200mA / cm 2 .

[0159] Results:

[0160] Please refer to Figures 9 to 11 It can be seen that (1) under the condition of 81℃±2℃, 4-4.5mol / L strong alkaline electrolyte+20g / L corrosion inhibitor solution, when the current density is 600mA / cm 2 , the average voltage of the battery is maintained at 1.705V (the positive electrode material is "high-activity silver oxide positive electrode") within 6.5min, and the hydrogen evolution rate is 0.126ml / min·cm 2 ; (2) under the condition of 61℃±2℃, 4-4.5mol / L strong alkaline electrolyte+20g / L corrosion inhibitor solution, when the current density is 200mA / cm 2 , the average voltage of the battery is maintained at 1.771V (the positive electrode material is "high-activity silver oxide positive electrode") within 15min, and the hydrogen evolution rate is 0.096ml / min·cm 2 .

[0161] Further, the influence of Mg, Sn, Ga, In on the performance of the Al-Mg-X alloy material can be seen. The aluminum alloy negative electrode is in a 81.5℃±1.5℃, 4.5mol / L NaOH+20g / L Na2SnO3 solution, and the appropriate amount of Mg element can improve the electrochemical activity and the self-corrosion reaction rate of the aluminum alloy. Sn can form a second phase with Mg in the aluminum negative electrode to become a pitting corrosion active point. The addition of In element has a great influence on the discharge performance and corrosion performance of the aluminum alloy negative electrode material. Ga obviously makes the stable potential negative, and reduces the corrosion current. Further, rolling refines the alloy grain, promotes the precipitation and uniform distribution of more fine Mg5Ga2 phase, promotes the rapid and uniform activation dissolution of the alloy, makes the corrosion potential of the alloy negative shift, increases the corrosion current density, makes the average discharge potential negative shift, and enhances the electrochemical corrosion activity and discharge activity of the alloy.

[0162] Further, homogenization annealing can obviously improve the electrochemical comprehensive performance of the aluminum negative electrode, so that the stable potential and the corrosion potential are positively shifted, but the hydrogen evolution rate and the corrosion current density are greatly reduced. After the 500℃ homogenization, the second phase is uniformly dispersed, so that the aluminum negative electrode has excellent electrochemical comprehensive performance. Further, annealing heat treatment can eliminate the defects after rolling, reduce the activation points for corrosion initiation, and thus improve the corrosion resistance of the aluminum negative electrode.

[0163] Further, after the aging heat treatment, fine and uniform strengthening phases are precipitated in the aluminum alloy, which hinders the dislocation movement, so that the dislocation slip of the aluminum alloy is difficult, thereby improving the strength of the material; the aging heat treatment makes the aluminum alloy structure more uniform, reduces the difference in local corrosion sensitivity caused by composition segregation, and reduces the tendency of local corrosion such as pitting corrosion and intergranular corrosion; the aging treatment can make the potential of the aluminum alloy anode material more stable, reduce the potential fluctuation, improve the stability and reliability of the battery performance, and is conducive to maintaining the stable output voltage and current of the battery in different environments.

[0164] Comparative Example

[0165] The present application proposes the difference experiment between the prepared high-potential aluminum alloy anode material and the performance of the existing main other materials.

[0166] Mainly includes:

[0167] The aluminum alloy anode materials prepared by different process routes are respectively taken as Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, and the sample morphology characteristics prepared by the process route of the present application are compared.

[0168] Results:

[0169] Please refer to Figure 12The morphology of aluminum alloy samples prepared by different process routes varies significantly:

[0170] (1) The morphological characteristics of the samples prepared by other process routes used in Comparative Example 1 are as follows: the second phase is needle-like and plate-like, numerous and densely distributed, intertwined, and the matrix is ​​divided into irregular regions. Figure 12 (a light blue dashed box area); there are also a small number of holes ( Figure 12 The area circled in red (a) shows a complex second phase morphology, uneven distribution, and strong surface texture. As an anode material for seawater-activated batteries, the uneven distribution of the second phase and the presence of pores easily lead to localized dissolution hotspots (preferential dissolution in densely populated areas of the second phase) or corrosion points (electrolyte seepage into pores), resulting in uneven anode dissolution / corrosion and shortening the service life of the seawater-activated battery.

[0171] (2) The morphological characteristics of the sample prepared by other process routes in Comparative Example 2 are as follows: the second phase is in the form of fine dots and short rods, and its distribution has a certain directionality. Figure 12 (b) The area within the light blue dashed box contains numerous holes and linear scratches, making surface defects (holes, scratches) more prominent. Figure 12 The area circled in red (b) exhibits poor uniformity in its microstructure. Numerous pores and scratches within the material act as entry points for corrosion (electrolyte penetration, stress concentration), accelerating localized corrosion of the aluminum alloy anode material (forming closed cells at the pores, inducing pitting corrosion, and posing a significant safety hazard to the battery). Uneven distribution of the second phase also leads to uneven dissolution / corrosion, reducing the stability of the electrode material.

[0172] (3) The aluminum alloy anode material prepared by the above-mentioned process route adopted in this invention has the following characteristics: the surface morphology of the material is relatively "clean", with only a small amount of bright white dot-like second phase. Figure 12 The area within the light blue dashed box (c) is sparsely and discretely distributed, with a high proportion of the matrix (dark gray), free from defects such as pores and looseness, and has a relatively pure surface. The anode material prepared by this invention has few defects, a continuous and uniform substrate, a weak "micro-battery effect" during electrochemical dissolution, more uniform anode dissolution, a lower self-corrosion rate, and high current efficiency and strong stable discharge capability of the electrode material.

[0173] In summary, the present application proposes a high potential aluminum alloy anode material and its preparation method and application. The high potential aluminum alloy anode material proposed by the present application has high electrochemical activity, and the microstructure and performance of the aluminum alloy anode material are adjusted by multi-stage heat treatment technology; the aluminum alloy material is heat treated by combining high-temperature solid solution annealing and low-temperature aging in a multi-stage heat treatment mode, defects and processing stress are eliminated by annealing treatment, and the alloy microstructure is stabilized by aging treatment, thereby improving the electrochemical activity of the aluminum alloy electrode material. Further, the high potential aluminum alloy anode material proposed by the present application is easy to process, low in cost, and pollution-free, the material system of the present application is Al-Mg-Ga-Sn-In, the alloy elements do not add toxic elements Hg and Pb, there is no risk of personal safety and environmental pollution, and there is no rare earth element, and the production cost is relatively low. Further, the high potential aluminum alloy anode material proposed by the present application has good corrosion resistance, the present application adopts an ultrathin cold pressing processing technology, which can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy anode in the electrolyte, so that it can still maintain good stability and corrosion resistance in a harsh corrosion environment. Further, the high potential aluminum alloy anode material proposed by the present application has low hydrogen evolution rate, stable discharge potential, and high electrode utilization rate, the Mg element can form a compound with impurity elements such as Si in the aluminum alloy, reducing the area and number of cathode phases, thereby reducing the driving force of the microcorrosion primary cell on the electrode surface, inhibiting the self-corrosion of the anode, improving the current efficiency and service life of the anode material, and the appropriate amount of Mg can improve the discharge potential of the aluminum alloy anode material at low current density, shift the potential to the negative side, which is beneficial to the battery to output higher voltage and current, and improve the discharge performance of the battery; the addition of Sn element can inhibit the parasitic corrosion of the aluminum negative electrode, thereby reducing the hydrogen evolution rate of the aluminum alloy anode material; the addition of Ga element not only reduces the resistance of the aluminum oxide film, but also has good fluidity, can enter the defects or gaps of the oxide film in the form of single atom state to form an alloy with Al, similar to the effect of Hg and metal producing amalgam, thereby separating the oxide film and accelerating the dissolution of aluminum, and improving the active utilization rate of the aluminum alloy anode material; In element has strong activation effect, a large amount of In is distributed in the aluminum matrix / oxide film in the form of a segregated phase, forming an activation point, and under the influence of the shape and size distribution of the In-rich phase, local corrosion occurs around the activation point, so that the aluminum alloy anode material is corroded unevenly in the alkaline medium.

[0174] It is to be understood that the terminology "including", "comprising", "consisting of", and "consisting essentially of" used in the specification is used in the inclusive sense of "including". But not limited to, and the use of "including", "comprising", "consisting of", and "consisting essentially of" the recitation of the elements or components of a process, method, composition, or article of manufacture is not meant to suggest that any or all of the elements or components are essential, indispensable or critical. Except as specifically set forth herein, elements or components are not required to be present unless specifically noted in the specification.

[0175] The above embodiments of the present application are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the field of the present application, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-potential aluminum alloy anode material, characterized in that, The high-potential aluminum alloy anode material is made from aluminum. The high-potential aluminum alloy anode material contains alloys in the following mass percentages: Mg 0.3%–0.7%, Ga 0.1%–0.15%, Sn 0.05%–0.08%, and In 0.03%–0.07%. The impurity percentage of the high-potential aluminum alloy anode material is no greater than 0.01%; The added alloy is a magnesium-based binary master alloy.

2. The high-potential aluminum alloy anode material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-potential aluminum alloy anode material and the highly active silver oxide cathode material are assembled into a battery. Under the conditions of 79℃~83℃ and 4mol / L~4.5mol / L NaOH solution + 20g / L Na2SnO3 solution, the current density is 600mA / cm. 2 At that time, the average battery voltage was 1.705V after 6.5 minutes; the current density was 200mA / cm. 2 At that time, the average battery voltage was 1.771V.

3. A method for preparing the high-potential aluminum alloy anode material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, include: S1. Melt Al ingots and Mg ingots, add low-melting-point raw materials in the form of intermediate alloys to obtain molten metal; S2. Construct a mold, and pour the molten metal into the mold to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot; S3. The aluminum alloy ingot is homogenized to obtain a rolled billet; S4. The rolled billet is hot-rolled, cold-rolled, and precision-rolled to obtain an aluminum alloy sheet; S5. The aluminum alloy sheet is subjected to solution annealing heat treatment and finishing aging treatment to obtain an aluminum sheet that has undergone finishing heat treatment. S6. Grind the aluminum plate that has undergone fine heat treatment to obtain the high-potential aluminum alloy anode material.

4. The method for preparing the high-potential aluminum alloy anode material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The smelting of Al and Mg ingots, with the addition of low-melting-point raw materials in the form of intermediate alloys, yields a smelted molten metal, comprising: S11. Bake Al ingots and Mg ingots to obtain moisture-dried Al ingots and Mg ingots; S12. Prepare and obtain low-melting-point raw materials Sn, In, and Ga in intermediate alloy form; S13. Preheat the furnace to 650-750℃, add 30%-70% Al ingots; maintain the furnace temperature at 700-800℃, with a melt temperature of 710-750℃; press the remaining aluminum ingots into the molten aluminum to melt, controlling the temperature at 700-720℃ to obtain molten aluminum; add the moisture-dried Mg ingots to the molten aluminum, and use a high-purity graphite rod to press the Mg ingots, ensuring that all the moisture-dried Mg ingots are immersed in the molten aluminum and melted to obtain an Al-Mg alloy liquid; S14. Control the temperature at 700-720℃, add the low-melting-point raw materials Sn, In and Ga in the form of intermediate alloy to the Al-Mg alloy liquid, and stir thoroughly with a graphite stirring rod for 10-30 minutes; cover the furnace lid and wait for the temperature to stabilize at 700-740℃ to obtain the aluminum alloy liquid. S15. Place the refining agent wrapped in aluminum foil inside a high-purity graphite bell jar. At 700-720°C, press the high-purity graphite bell jar into the molten aluminum alloy to allow the refining agent to fully react with the molten aluminum alloy. After refining is completed, remove the high-purity graphite bell jar and let it stand for 5-30 minutes to obtain the molten metal.

5. The method for preparing the high-potential aluminum alloy anode material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The construction mold, into which the molten metal is poured to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot, includes: S21. Construct a mold. Weigh the molten metal at 680-700°C and cast it into the mold using a runner casting method to obtain a mold cast from molten metal. S22. Cool and demold the mold from which the molten metal has been cast to obtain an aluminum alloy ingot.

6. The method for preparing the high-potential aluminum alloy anode material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of homogenizing the aluminum alloy ingot to obtain a rolled billet includes: S31. The aluminum alloy ingot is homogenized using an annealing furnace at a temperature of 450-550°C and a heating rate of 2-4°C / min. Once the temperature stabilizes at 450-550°C, the ingot is loaded into the furnace, ensuring that the aluminum alloy ingot does not come into contact with the stainless steel sleeve, thus obtaining the aluminum alloy ingot to be homogenized. S32. Start timing when the temperature of the aluminum alloy ingot to be homogenized is stable, and keep it warm for 2 to 6 hours; take it out of the furnace and quench it in cold water for 2 to 5 minutes to obtain the rolled billet.

7. The method for preparing the high-potential aluminum alloy anode material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of hot rolling, cold rolling, and finish rolling the rolled billet to obtain aluminum alloy sheet includes: S41. The hot rolling of the rolled billet includes: S411. Using a resistance furnace with a stainless steel inner lining, heat the empty furnace to 350-450°C, load the rolled billet into the resistance furnace, and after the temperature stabilizes, start heat preservation for 0.5-2 hours to obtain heat-preserved rolled billet. S412. Determine the rolling thickness. Each heating cycle is recorded as one rolling cycle. The heat-insulated rolled billet is hot-rolled for at least one cycle. The deformation of each hot rolling pass is not higher than 25%, and the total deformation is not higher than 70%. Annealing is performed at a temperature of 350-450°C to obtain the hot-rolled billet. S42, the step of cold rolling the hot-rolled billet includes: The rolling thickness is determined, and the hot-rolled billet is cold-rolled, wherein the deformation of each cold rolling pass is 25% to 35%, and the total deformation is not higher than 90%; thus, a cold-rolled billet is obtained. S43. The finishing rolling of the cold-rolled billet includes: The rolling thickness is determined, and the cold-rolled billet is precision rolled. The deformation of each precision rolling pass is 25% to 35%, and the total deformation is not higher than 75%, to obtain an aluminum alloy sheet.

8. The method for preparing the high-potential aluminum alloy anode material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The process of subjecting the aluminum alloy sheet to solution annealing heat treatment and finishing aging treatment to obtain a finished heat-treated aluminum sheet includes: S51, The step of performing solution annealing heat treatment on the aluminum alloy sheet includes: S511. Set the annealing furnace temperature to 150-250℃ and raise the temperature at a rate of 3℃ / min until the annealing furnace temperature reaches 250-350℃. Load the aluminum alloy sheet into the furnace and hold it at 250-350℃ for 2-6 hours to obtain a solution-treated aluminum alloy ingot. S512. The solution-treated aluminum alloy ingot is taken out of the furnace and quenched in cold water for 0.5 to 3 minutes to obtain an aluminum alloy sheet that has undergone solution annealing heat treatment. S52, the finishing and aging treatment of the aluminum alloy sheet that has undergone solution annealing heat treatment includes: S521. Set the annealing furnace temperature to 150-250℃ and heat it at a rate of 3℃ / min until the annealing furnace temperature is 250-350℃. Arrange 20-40 aluminum alloy sheets that have undergone solution annealing heat treatment in multiple groups without overlapping to obtain aluminum alloy sheets that have been hot-pressed and flattened. S522. Set the annealing furnace pressure to 25-35kN, and flatten the aluminum alloy sheet that has been hot-pressed and arranged, and place it in the annealing furnace at 150-250℃ for 5-15 minutes; release the pressure and take it out to obtain the annealed aluminum alloy sheet. S523. Place the annealed aluminum alloy sheet in the annealing furnace, set the pressure of the annealing furnace to 25-35kN, and flatten it; wait until the temperature is 150-250℃ and hold for 0.5-1.5h; complete the finishing and aging treatment, release the pressure, and obtain the finished heat-treated aluminum sheet.

9. The method for preparing the high-potential aluminum alloy anode material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of grinding the heat-treated aluminum plate to obtain the high-potential aluminum alloy anode material includes: S61. The aluminum plate that has undergone fine heat treatment is ground on one side to obtain a single-sided ground aluminum plate. S62. Grind the aluminum plate that has been ground on one side on the other side to obtain a high-potential aluminum alloy anode material. S63, the thickness of the high-potential aluminum alloy anode material is 0.2 to 0.3 mm.

10. An application of a high-potential aluminum alloy anode material, characterized in that, The application of the high-potential aluminum alloy anode material according to claim 1 or 2, or the high-potential aluminum alloy anode material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 4 to 9, in the preparation of seawater activated batteries.

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