System and method for simulating influence of landslide blockage form on river channel

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for simulating the influence of a landslide blockage form on a river channel, aiming at overcoming the defect that the influence of different landslide blockage forms cannot be systematically researched under the condition of reflecting complex natural conditions in the prior art. The system comprises a simulated riverway, an upstream water collecting tank with a water supply system is arranged on the upstream of the simulated riverway, a landslide simulation operation platform and an information collection system are arranged in the midstream, and a downstream water collecting tank with a water circulation system is arranged on the downstream, so that a water flow environment close to nature can be created. According to the method, by filling different landslide materials, stabilizing water flow and then opening a partition door, and recording data in combination with an information collection system, multiple landslide forms can be simulated repeatedly, blockage and water flow changes can be tracked synchronously, systematic research on influences of different forms is achieved, and support is provided for disaster early warning and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of hydrogeology and water conservancy engineering technology, specifically to a simulation system and method for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels. Background Technology

[0002] Landslides blocking river channels are a common geological hazard, typically triggered by earthquakes, heavy rainfall, or human activities. Once a landslide enters a river channel, it forms a natural dam, blocking the channel and creating a barrier lake. This significantly alters the river's flood characteristics, including water level, flow velocity, flood propagation time, and peak flow. If the barrier dam suddenly collapses, it can trigger catastrophic floods, posing a serious threat to downstream areas. Therefore, studying the impact of landslide blockage morphology on river flood characteristics is of great significance for disaster early warning and flood control and mitigation.

[0003] Currently, research on landslide-blocked river channels and their impact on flood characteristics mainly relies on two methods: numerical simulation and field observation. Numerical simulation uses mathematical models to simulate the formation process of landslide-blocked river channels and their impact on floods. It has the advantages of low cost and high flexibility, but the accuracy of its results is highly dependent on the setting of model parameters and boundary conditions, making it difficult to fully reflect complex natural conditions. Field observation obtains data by monitoring actual landslide-blocking events, providing realistic results. However, its limitations lie in the unpredictability and non-repeatability of landslide events, and the fact that observation conditions are subject to environmental constraints, making it difficult to systematically study the impact of different landslide-blocking morphologies.

[0004] Due to the limitations of the methods described above, there is currently a lack of experimental means to systematically study the impact of landslide blockage morphology on river flood characteristics. In particular, there are research gaps in areas such as the influence of different landslide morphologies on the degree of river blockage, the impact of different blockage degrees on flood levels, flow velocities, and propagation time, and the dynamic changes in flood characteristics during dam failure. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an experimental system capable of simulating different landslide blockage morphologies and studying their impact on river flood characteristics. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a simulation system and method for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels, so as to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies that cannot systematically study the impact of different landslide blockage patterns under complex natural conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a simulation system for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels, including a simulated river channel, an upstream water collection pool set up upstream of the simulated river channel, and a water supply system connected to the upstream water collection pool. The simulated river midstream is equipped with a landslide simulation operation platform and a landslide blockage information collection system; The landslide simulation operation platform is set on the side of the simulated river channel, including a landslide simulation tank connected to the simulated river channel. A landslide material filling tank is set at the end of the landslide simulation tank away from the simulated river channel. A partition door is set between the landslide simulation tank and the landslide material filling tank. The landslide simulation tank is also connected to an angle adjustment device. The simulated river channel has a downstream collection pool, which is connected to a water supply and circulation system, which is connected to the water supply system.

[0007] An experimental platform base is set below the simulated river channel. The base has a hollow structure and serves as a circulating water storage structure in the water supply circulation system.

[0008] The water supply system includes a water storage tank, which is connected to an upstream collection pool via a first water supply pipe. The water storage tank is connected to a water pump via a second water supply pipe, and the water pump is connected to the experimental platform base via a third water supply pipe. The water pump pumps the circulating water in the experimental platform base into the water storage tank.

[0009] The downstream collection pool has an outlet at its end, which serves as the outlet for the river water flow. The experimental platform base has a circulating water inlet, and the downstream collection pool outlet is connected to the circulating water inlet.

[0010] The landslide blockage information collection system includes cameras that monitor the area around the landslide simulation trench in real time, as well as probes placed at the bottom of the simulated river channel to collect water flow information.

[0011] The landslide blockage information collection system also includes water gauges, which are positioned on the sidewalls of the simulated river channel.

[0012] A weir is installed at the outlet of the upstream collection pool, and a filter screen is installed between the weir and the simulated river channel.

[0013] The angle adjustment device includes sleepers, which are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the landslide simulation trough and connected together by hinges. The sleepers above the landslide simulation trough are also connected to the support frame of the landslide simulation operation platform by hinges.

[0014] The simulated river channel also includes a sedimentation basin downstream, with sand-trapping barriers at both ends.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for simulating the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels, comprising: The landslide material is filled into the landslide material filling trough. After adjusting the inclination angle of the landslide simulation trough according to the experimental requirements, the water supply system is started. Once the water flow in the simulated river channel has stabilized, open the partition gate; By recording the morphological characteristics of landslide blockage and the changes in water flow in the simulated river channel before and after blockage through a landslide blockage information collection system, the impact of landslide blockage on the river channel can be simulated.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: Firstly, this invention provides a simulation system for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels. By simulating the river channel in conjunction with an upstream collection tank and water supply system to form a stable water flow, it simulates the basic water flow environment of a natural river channel. The downstream collection tank is connected to the water circulation system to form a water cycle, ensuring continuous and stable water flow while reproducing the natural characteristics of water resource circulation. The overall system constructs a simulation scenario that closely resembles complex natural conditions, overcoming the limitations of numerical simulation in fully reflecting natural conditions. The landslide simulation platform in the middle reaches of the river channel, through the filling of different materials in the landslide material filling tank and the adjustment of the landslide simulation tank's shape, and the control of landslide occurrence using partition gates, can accurately simulate various landslide blockage patterns and is repeatable, solving the problems of unpredictable and non-repeatable landslide events in on-site observation. The landslide blockage information collection system simultaneously collects relevant data under different blockage patterns, providing comprehensive information for system research and filling the gap in existing technologies lacking systematic research methods. This system, while reflecting complex natural conditions, enables systematic research on the impact of different landslide blockage patterns, effectively overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies.

[0017] Secondly, this invention provides a method for simulating the impact of landslide blockage morphology on river channels. By filling different landslide materials into the landslide material filling tank, it can simulate various landslide material compositions. Combined with the natural-looking water flow environment created by the simulation system, it can reflect the characteristics of different landslide bodies under complex natural conditions. After starting the water supply system, the partition gate is opened only after the water flow stabilizes, ensuring the consistency of the initial water flow state in each experiment. This provides a stable benchmark for studying the impact of different blockage morphologies and avoids the problem of uncontrollable initial conditions in natural landslide events. By recording relevant information through the landslide blockage information collection system, the correlation between blockage morphology and water flow changes can be captured simultaneously, enabling systematic tracking of different landslide blockage processes. This repeatable and controllable experimental procedure not only reflects complex natural conditions through the system but also allows for targeted study of the impact of different landslide blockage morphologies, making up for the deficiencies of existing technologies in systematic research. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a simulation system for the impact of a landslide blockage pattern on a river channel, as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a left view of the water supply system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a rear view of the water supply system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a top view of the simulated upstream section of a river in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a top view of the simulated middle reaches of the river and the landslide simulation operation platform in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a rear view of the simulated middle reaches of a river in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a front view of the simulated middle reaches of a river in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a top view of the simulated downstream section of a river in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a simulation method for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Water storage tank; 2. Water pump; 3. First water supply pipeline; 4. Second water supply pipeline; 5. Third water supply pipeline; 6. Upstream collection pool; 7. Experimental platform base; 8. Weir; 9. Pipe column; 10. Filter screen; 11. Probe; 12. Water gauge; 13. Landslide material filling trough; 14. Separation door; 15. Landslide simulation trough; 16. Landslide simulation operation platform support; 17. Pulley; 18. Sleeper; 19. Hinge; 20. Canopy; 21. Truss; 22. Distribution box; 23. Camera; 24. Sedimentation tank; 25. Downstream collection pool; 26. Circulating water inlet; 27. Sand retaining wall; 28. Downstream collection pool outlet; 29. ​​Simulated river channel; 30. Water supply system. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Landslides blocking river channels are mostly triggered by earthquakes, heavy rainfall, or human activities, forming barrier dams and barrier lakes, altering flood characteristics, and their breaches can threaten downstream areas. Related research is of great significance for disaster early warning and flood control and mitigation. Current research mainly relies on numerical simulation and field observation. While the former is low-cost and flexible, its results depend on parameters and are difficult to reflect complex natural conditions; while the latter provides accurate data, the unpredictability and reproducibility of landslide events, as well as environmental limitations, make it difficult to systematically study the impact of different blocking patterns.

[0029] Existing technologies lack experimental means for systematic research on this type of problem, leaving many gaps. Therefore, this invention aims to provide a simulation system and method for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels. By setting up a simulated river channel 29, in conjunction with an upstream collection pool 6 and water supply system, a midstream landslide simulation operation platform and landslide blockage information collection system including a landslide simulation tank 15 and a landslide material filling tank 13, and a downstream collection pool 25 and water circulation system, different landslide blockage patterns are simulated and relevant information is collected. This overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies in systematically studying the impact of different landslide blockage patterns under complex natural conditions.

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0032] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "sleeved / connected," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0033] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a number" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 As shown, this is a specific implementation of the simulation system for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels provided by the present invention, which includes a simulated river channel 29, an upstream water collection pool 6 is provided upstream of the simulated river channel 29, and a water supply system is connected to the upstream water collection pool 6. The middle reaches of simulated river channel 29 are equipped with a landslide simulation operation platform and a landslide blockage information collection system. The landslide simulation operation platform is set on the side of the simulated river channel 29, including a landslide simulation trough 15 connected to the simulated river channel 29. A landslide material filling trough 13 is set at the end of the landslide simulation trough 15 away from the simulated river channel 29. A partition door 14 is set between the landslide simulation trough 15 and the landslide material filling trough 13. The landslide simulation trough 15 is also connected to an angle adjustment device. Downstream of the simulated river channel 29, there is a downstream water collection pool 25, which is connected to a water supply and circulation system, which is connected to the water supply system.

[0035] The simulated river channel 29 provides a practical operating space for simulating the process of a landslide blocking the river channel. An upstream collection pool 6 is set up upstream of the simulated river channel 29. The upstream collection pool 6 is connected to the water supply system, which can provide a stable water source for the simulated river channel 29 and ensure a continuous supply of water flow during the experiment, thereby simulating the water flow state of a natural river channel.

[0036] A landslide simulation platform is located on the midstream side of the simulated river channel 29. A landslide simulation trough 15 is connected to the simulated river channel 29 and is also equipped with an angle adjustment device. This device allows for the simulation of landslides with different slopes by adjusting the trough's tilt angle. A landslide material filling trough 13 is used to hold the simulated landslide material. A partition gate 14 between the landslide simulation trough 15 and the landslide material filling trough 13 controls the timing of the landslide material sliding into the simulated river channel 29. This structure simulates the process of a landslide entering the river channel, providing a basis for studying different landslide blockage patterns. The midstream of the simulated river channel 29 is also equipped with a landslide blockage information collection system, which collects relevant data during the simulation to help analyze the impact of landslide blockage on the river channel.

[0037] Downstream of the simulated river channel 29, there is a downstream collection pool 25, which is connected to a water supply and circulation system. This system is in turn connected to the water supply system, forming a complete water cycle. This design enables the reuse of water resources, conserving water while ensuring the stability and continuity of water supply during the experiment, thus guaranteeing the consistency of experimental conditions.

[0038] In another specific embodiment of the present invention, an experimental platform base 7 is provided below the simulated river channel 29. The experimental platform base 7 has a hollow structure and serves as a circulating water storage structure in the water supply circulation system.

[0039] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, this is the water supply system of the front end of the simulation system provided in this specific embodiment. The water supply system includes a water storage tank 1, specifically a concrete water storage tank. The water storage tank 1 is connected to the upstream collection pool 6 via a first water supply pipe 3 for water supply. The water storage tank 1 is connected to a water pump 2 via a second water supply pipe 4. The water pump 2 is a centrifugal water pump. The water pump 2 is connected to the experimental platform base 7 via a third water supply pipe 5, pumping the circulating water in the experimental platform base 7 into the water storage tank 1. The upstream collection pool 6 is used to temporarily store water. The experimental platform base 7 is also made of concrete, and its interior is hollow, allowing it to serve as a circulating water storage structure to ensure a stable water supply.

[0040] Simulate the upstream section of river channel 29, such as Figure 4 As shown, a weir 8 is installed at the outlet of the upstream collection pool 6, and a filter screen 10 is installed between the weir 8 and the simulated river channel 29. Specifically, the weir 8 is a thin-walled weir with a ratio of weir crest thickness δ to overwater head H of δ / H < 0.67. The thin-walled weir has a sharp edge, and the water flows freely out over the weir crest, exhibiting a stable head-to-flow relationship. The flow rate can be accurately calculated by measuring the upstream water level, resulting in high measurement accuracy. The shape of the water tongue and the flow rate over the weir are not affected by the weir crest thickness. The water flow over the weir undergoes vertical contraction, and the water surface exhibits a single drop curve. The lower edge of the water tongue only forms a line contact with the weir crest, and the outflow velocity is relatively high. Combined with the aeration of the hollow column, this effectively reduces the energy of the water flow and minimizes the impact on the downstream river channel.

[0041] The weir 8 is used to allow water to overflow from the upstream collection pool 6, forming a weir flow and increasing the water head to give it a certain energy. A pipe column 9 is installed between the weir 8 and the upstream collection pool 6. The pipe column 9 is a hollow pipe column, which is used to protect the thin-walled weir 8 from damage and to stabilize the water flow. The filter screen 10 is a thickened porous filter screen, which is used to stabilize the water flow and filter floating objects in the water.

[0042] The landslide blockage information collection system includes cameras 23 that monitor the area around the landslide simulation trench 15 in real time, and probes 11 positioned at the bottom of the simulated river channel 29 to collect flow velocity, water level, and other water flow information. The system also includes water gauges 12 positioned on the sidewalls of the simulated river channel 29. The probes 11 are specifically ultrasonic probes, each connected to a flow meter to record various hydraulic parameters before reaching the landslide simulation platform. The water gauges 12 are used to roughly measure the water depth of the simulated river channel 29. This component ensures a stable water supply and also assists in measuring upstream hydrodynamic parameters under different landslide blockage conditions in the middle reaches.

[0043] The simulated river channel 29, including the midstream and landslide operation platform section, such as... Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, it includes a landslide material filling trough 13, which is used to fill landslide materials of different specifications and volumes used in the experiment. A partition door 14 can be opened and closed to separate the landslide material filling trough 13 and the landslide simulation trough 15. The landslide simulation trough 15 is used to simulate the landslide process. The landslide simulation trough 15 is connected to an angle adjustment device, which includes sleepers 18. The sleepers 18 are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the landslide simulation trough 15 and connected together by hinges 19. The sleepers 18 above the landslide simulation trough 15 are also connected to a landslide simulation operation platform support 16 by hinges 19. A protractor and metal pointer are installed on the right side of the landslide simulation trough 15 to measure the tilt angle of the landslide simulation trough 15. A landslide simulation operation platform support 16 is also set below the landslide simulation trough 15 to support the entire landslide simulation trough 15. The pulley 17 and the hinge 19 are used to lift the entire landslide simulation trough 15. The sleepers 18 are divided into upper and lower sections to ensure that the landslide simulation trough 15 is evenly stressed during lifting. The hinge 19 is used to connect the sleepers 18 and the pulley 17 on the landslide simulation operation platform support 16. A canopy 20 is also set above the middle reaches of the simulated river channel 29 to provide shelter for the landslide blockage information collection system and ensure the safety of the information collection system. The canopy 20 is specifically constructed using color steel materials. The canopy 20 is supported by a truss 21, which is made of metal and consists of columns and beams. The truss 21 provides installation locations for the cameras 23 and the power distribution box 22. The power distribution box 22 contains dedicated power and communication interfaces to provide power and communication for the information acquisition equipment, including the cameras 23. The cameras 23 are deployed on the upstream left bank, upstream right bank, downstream left bank, and downstream right bank of the landslide simulation trough 15 outlet to monitor the landslide blockage pattern. This section is mainly used for simulating landslide operations and collecting information on the entire landslide blockage process.

[0044] Simulate the downstream section of river channel 29, such as Figure 8 As shown, a probe 11 and a water gauge 12 are installed to measure the water flow velocity and depth. A downstream collection tank 25 has an outlet at its end, serving as the water outlet for the river channel. A circulating water inlet 26 is installed on the experimental platform base 7, and the outlet of the downstream collection tank 25 is connected to the circulating water inlet 26. A sedimentation tank 24 is also installed downstream of the simulated river channel 29, with sand-trapping barriers 27 at both ends. The sedimentation tank 24 is used to deposit landslide material carried by the water flow. The downstream collection tank 25 is used to temporarily store water and further deposit landslide material in the water so that the water can be used for the circulation experiment. The sand-trapping barriers 27 are used to separate and block landslide material in the water. The outlet of the downstream collection tank 25 is connected to the circulating water inlet 26 to facilitate water flow. This part is mainly used to monitor downstream hydrodynamic parameters, sedimentation, and circulating water collection under different landslide blockage conditions in the middle reaches.

[0045] The simulation system for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels provided in this specific embodiment constructs a water flow environment that closely resembles nature in reflecting complex natural conditions. In the water supply system, a thin-walled weir precisely controls the water flow using a stable head and flow relationship. Combined with hollow tubular columns for energy dissipation through air infusion and a thickened porous filter screen for filtering impurities, the system reproduces the energy changes and impurity effects of natural river flow, comprehensively replicating the complex hydrological characteristics of natural rivers. This overcomes the limitations of numerical simulations, which rely on parameter settings and struggle to reflect real natural conditions.

[0046] In systematically studying the impact of different landslide blockage morphologies, the landslide simulation platform can accurately simulate diverse landslide morphologies by adjusting the inclination angle of the landslide simulation tank 15 and filling it with landslide materials of different specifications and volumes. The opening and closing of the partition gate 14 can control the timing of landslide occurrence, enabling repeated experiments under the same conditions and overcoming the problems of unpredictable and non-repeatable landslide events in field observation. Simultaneously, the landslide blockage information collection system monitors the blockage morphology in real time through multiple cameras 23, and combines this with data such as flow velocity and water depth recorded by upstream and downstream probes 11 and water gauges 12, forming a comprehensive capture of river hydrodynamic parameters under different blockage morphologies. This achieves a systematic study of the impact of different landslide blockage morphologies, filling the gap in existing technologies that lack systematic experimental methods.

[0047] A specific embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for simulating the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels, referring to... Figure 9 As shown, it includes: The landslide material is filled into the landslide material filling trough 13. After adjusting the tilt angle of the landslide simulation trough 15 according to the experimental requirements, the water supply system 30 is started. Once the water flow in simulated river channel 29 has stabilized, open the partition gate 14; The landslide blockage information collection system records the morphological characteristics of landslide blockage and the changes in water flow in simulated river channel 29 before and after blockage, thus simulating the impact of landslide blockage morphology on river channel.

[0048] Before the simulation experiment begins, landslide material with different particle sizes and capacities required for this simulation experiment is filled into the landslide material filling tank 13 according to the research needs. Then, the partition door 14 between the landslide material filling tank 13 and the landslide simulation tank 15 is closed to ensure that the landslide material temporarily remains in the landslide material filling tank 13. Next, the angle adjustment device is adjusted, and the hinge 19 is pulled to raise the landslide simulation tank 15 to reach the preset tilt angle of the simulation experiment. This tilt angle can be accurately measured by the protractor fixed on the side of the landslide simulation tank 15 to simulate landslide conditions under different slopes. At the same time, the power supply and communication channel of the power distribution box 22 are turned on, and the angle of the camera 23 is adjusted so that it can clearly and accurately record the subsequent landslide blockage pattern; the probe 11 and flow meter are turned on to ensure that they can accurately record the hydrodynamic parameters of the simulated river channel 29. Next, water pump 2 is turned on to draw water stored inside the experimental platform base 7, which serves as the circulating water storage structure, and fill the water tank 1. When the water flow reaches a certain volume, it flows into the upstream collection pool 6 through the first water delivery pipe. Once the water in the upstream collection pool 6 has accumulated to a certain volume, it will pass through the weir 8 to form the weir flow. The water flow is aerated when passing through the pipe column 9 to protect the weir 8. After being filtered by the filter screen 10, it enters the simulated river channel 29. During this process, the water pump 2 can be switched on and off, and the water level roughly measured by the water gauge 12 and the data measured by the probe 11 and transmitted to the flow meter can be finely adjusted according to the digital display value of the flow meter to make the water level and flow rate in the simulated river channel 29 reach the preset values ​​of the simulation experiment, thus completing the start-up of the water supply system.

[0049] After the water flow in the simulated river channel 29 reaches the preset value, wait 10-15 minutes for the water flow to stabilize, then open the partition gate 14 to allow the landslide material to slide down the landslide simulation trough 15, thereby blocking the simulated river channel 29.

[0050] Throughout the process, relevant information is recorded in real time through the landslide blockage information collection system, the landslide blockage morphology is recorded using camera 23, and the water flow changes upstream and downstream of the simulated river channel 29 before and after the blockage are recorded using probe 11, flow meter and water gauge 12, including hydrodynamic data, the flow pattern of the weir 8 caused by the blockage, etc. After the blockage morphology stabilizes, relevant data are recorded again to complete a simulation experiment of the impact of landslide blockage morphology on the river channel.

[0051] After the simulation experiment is completed, water pump 2 is turned off, and landslide material in simulated river channel 29 and sedimentation tank 24 is removed. After cleaning, the next round of simulation experiment can begin. The influence of landslide blockage morphology on river flood characteristics is studied through multiple sets of simulation experiment systems.

[0052] The simulation method for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels provided in this specific embodiment, at the operational level, selects landslide materials of different particle sizes and capacities to fill the landslide material filling tank 13 according to research needs. Combined with the adjustable inclination angle of the landslide simulation tank 15, it can specifically simulate diverse landslide scenarios. Moreover, the entire process is repeatable, solving the problem of the inability to replicate landslide events in field observations. The operation of opening the partition door 14 after the water flow stabilizes ensures the consistency of the initial conditions for each experiment, providing a reliable basis for comparing and analyzing the impact of different blockage patterns.

[0053] During the experiment, the landslide blockage information collection system synchronously recorded the blockage morphology and water flow changes, enabling dynamic tracking of the entire landslide blockage process. This synchronous monitoring mode can capture subtle changes in water flow parameters before and after blockage. Compared with numerical simulations that rely on parameter derivation, the data is more closely aligned with the actual simulation scenario, providing direct evidence for analyzing complex hydrological changes.

[0054] This method provides a feasible approach for systematically studying the impact of landslide blockage morphology on river channels. By repeatedly changing variables such as landslide material specifications and landslide dip angle, the influence of different factors on the degree of blockage and flow characteristics can be systematically explored, filling the gap in existing technologies for systematic research. This method, in conjunction with the aforementioned simulation system, not only reproduces complex natural conditions through simulation but also ensures the scientific rigor and systematic nature of the research through standardized experimental procedures, providing strong support for in-depth analysis of landslide blockage mechanisms and improving disaster early warning capabilities.

[0055] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A simulation system for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels, characterized in that, It includes a simulated river channel (29), an upstream water collection pool (6) is set up upstream of the simulated river channel (29), and the upstream water collection pool (6) is connected to a water supply system (30); A landslide simulation operation platform and a landslide blockage information collection system are set up in the middle reaches of the simulated river channel (29); The landslide simulation operation platform is set on the side of the simulated river channel (29), including a landslide simulation tank (15) connected to the simulated river channel (29). A landslide material filling tank (13) is set at the end of the landslide simulation tank (15) away from the simulated river channel (29). A partition door (14) is set between the landslide simulation tank (15) and the landslide material filling tank (13). The landslide simulation tank (15) is also connected to an angle adjustment device. Downstream of the simulated river channel (29) is a downstream collection pool (25), which is connected to a water supply circulation system, which is connected to the water supply system (30).

2. The simulation system for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated river channel (29) is provided with an experimental platform base (7) underneath. The experimental platform base (7) has a hollow structure and serves as a circulating water storage structure in the water supply circulation system.

3. The simulation system for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water supply system (30) includes a water storage tank (1), which is connected to an upstream water collection pool (6) via a first water supply pipe (3). The water storage tank (1) is connected to a water pump (2) via a second water supply pipe (4), and the water pump (2) is connected to an experimental platform base (7) via a third water supply pipe (5). The water pump (2) pumps the circulating water in the experimental platform base (7) into the water storage tank (1).

4. The simulation system for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels according to claim 2, characterized in that, The downstream collection pool (25) is provided with a downstream collection pool (25) outlet at the end as the water outlet of the river channel. The experimental platform base (7) is provided with a circulating water inlet (26), and the downstream collection pool (25) outlet is connected to the circulating water inlet (26).

5. The simulation system for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The landslide blockage information collection system includes a camera (23) for real-time monitoring of the area around the landslide simulation trench (15) and a probe (11) placed at the bottom of the simulated river channel (29) to collect water flow information.

6. The simulation system for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels according to claim 5, characterized in that, The landslide blockage information collection system also includes a water gauge (12), which is positioned on the side wall of the simulated river channel (29).

7. The simulation system for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, A weir (8) is provided at the outlet of the upstream collection pool (6), and a filter screen (10) is provided between the weir (8) and the simulated river channel (29).

8. The simulation system for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle adjustment device includes sleepers (18), which are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the landslide simulation trough (15) and connected together by hinges (19). The sleepers (18) above the landslide simulation trough (15) are also connected to the landslide simulation operation platform support (16) by hinges (19).

9. A simulation system for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, Downstream of the simulated river channel (29), a sedimentation basin (24) is also provided, with sand-blocking embankments (27) set at both ends of the sedimentation basin (24).

10. A method for simulating the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels, characterized in that, The method is based on a simulation system for the impact of landslide blockage patterns on river channels as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, and includes: The landslide material is filled into the landslide material filling trough (13), and the tilt angle of the landslide simulation trough (15) is adjusted according to the experimental requirements before the water supply system (30) is started. After the water flow in the simulated river channel (29) stabilizes, open the partition gate (14); The landslide blockage morphology characteristics and the changes in water flow in the simulated river channel (29) before and after blockage are recorded by the landslide blockage information collection system, and the impact of landslide blockage morphology on the river channel is simulated.

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