Four-direction intelligent directional forward-going multiple perforation auxiliary cutting mechanism and using method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a four-direction intelligent directional forward-going and backward-going perforation auxiliary cutting mechanism which comprises a protection shell, a cutting mechanism, a cutting mechanism, a cutting mechanism, a cutting mechanism, a cutting mechanism and a cutting mechanism, and is characterized in that a mounting cavity is formed in the protection shell, and a rear end cover is arranged at the rear end of the mounting cavity; the driving piece is arranged in the mounting cavity of the protective shell and is mounted on the inner end surface of the rear end cover; the eccentric block is mounted at the output end of the driving part; an inclined inner hole is formed in the end, away from the driving piece, of the eccentric block. An included angle exists between the axis of the inclined inner hole and the axis of the eccentric block. And the oscillating cutting part comprises a connecting shaft and an oscillating cutting head located at the front end of the connecting shaft, the connecting shaft is movably installed in the inclined inner hole, the end, away from the connecting shaft, of the oscillating cutting head extends out of the installation cavity, and a plurality of cutting blades are arranged on the circumference of the outer surface of the oscillating cutting head. Wherein the driving piece rotates to drive the eccentric block to rotate, and the eccentric block rotates to drive the oscillating cutting part to cyclically swing periodically, so that the cutting blade mills coal rocks. The problems that cutting resistance is large, cutting blades are seriously abraded, the dust yield is high, hard rock cutting efficiency is low, and energy consumption is large are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine underground roadway excavation equipment technology, specifically to a four-way intelligent directional advanced forward reciprocating hole auxiliary cutting mechanism and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] In coal mining and tunnel excavation, the cutting mechanism is a core component of the tunneling equipment, and its performance directly affects mining efficiency, equipment lifespan, and energy consumption. Traditional cutting mechanisms mostly employ rotary or vibratory cutting methods, which suffer from problems such as high cutting resistance, severe tool wear, high energy consumption, and low cutting efficiency. Especially in hard rock or complex geological conditions, traditional cutting methods often struggle to achieve efficient, low-consumption continuous operation, seriously impacting tunneling progress and safe production.

[0003] In recent years, with the development of high-pressure water jet technology, its application in assisted cutting has gradually become a research hotspot. High-pressure water jets can pre-break coal and rock masses, reduce cutting resistance, and extend the service life of cutting tools. However, in existing technologies, the combination of water jets and mechanical cutting is mostly limited to simple parallel operations, lacking intelligent collaborative control mechanisms. This leads to problems such as inaccurate jet positioning, significant water waste, and unsatisfactory cutting results. In addition, existing cutting mechanisms still have many shortcomings in vibration transmission, lubrication and sealing, and structural stability, limiting their application in high-intensity, long-cycle tunneling operations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a four-directional intelligent directional forward-looking reciprocating hole-assisted cutting mechanism and its usage method. The four-directional intelligent directional forward-looking reciprocating hole-assisted cutting mechanism includes:

[0005] The protective shell has an internal mounting cavity, and a rear end cover is provided at the rear end of the mounting cavity.

[0006] The drive unit is placed inside the mounting cavity of the protective shell and installed on the inner end face of the rear cover.

[0007] An eccentric block is mounted on the output end of the drive unit. A mounting hole is provided at the end of the block furthest from the drive unit.

[0008] The oscillating cutting part includes a connecting shaft and an oscillating cutting head located at the front end of the connecting shaft. The connecting shaft is movably installed in the inclined inner hole. The end of the oscillating cutting head away from the connecting shaft extends to the outside of the mounting cavity, and the outer surface of the oscillating cutting head is provided with several cutting blades.

[0009] The drive unit rotates, which in turn drives the eccentric block to rotate. The rotation of the eccentric block drives the oscillating cutting part to oscillate periodically, thereby causing the cutting blade to mill the coal and rock.

[0010] In some embodiments of this application, a plurality of first bearings are sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the left region of the eccentric block, the inner rings of two adjacent first bearings are separated by an inner retaining ring fitted on the eccentric block, and the outer rings of two adjacent first bearings are separated by an outer retaining ring fitted on the eccentric block.

[0011] A first limiting step is provided on the inner peripheral wall of the protective shell, and the first bearing located on the far left abuts against the first limiting step. A first shoulder is provided on the eccentric block, and the outer ring of the first bearing located on the far right abuts against the first shoulder.

[0012] A second bearing and a clamp abutting against the right side of the second bearing are fitted onto the outer peripheral wall of the right side of the eccentric block. A second limiting step is provided on the inner peripheral wall of the protective shell, and the eccentric block has a second shoulder. The left sides of the outer and inner rings of the second bearing abut against the second limiting step and the second shoulder, respectively.

[0013] The outer peripheral wall of the eccentric block is provided with a weighted block for increasing the excitation force of the eccentric block on the oscillating cutting part. The weighted block is located between the first bearing and the second bearing.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, a plurality of mounting grooves are provided on the outer peripheral wall of the oscillating cutting head, and the cutting blade is inserted into the mounting groove through a handle provided on its bottom wall, and the handle is connected to the mounting groove by bolts.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, a fixing ring is connected to the left end face of the protective shell, a limiting groove is formed on the inner peripheral wall of the fixing ring, a torsion spring is sleeved on the connecting shaft, and the legs at both ends of the torsion spring are locked in the limiting groove.

[0016] In some embodiments of this application, the interior of the oscillating cutting section is provided with four sets of branched high-pressure jet channels along the circumferential direction. The inlet of the high-pressure jet channel is opened on the outer peripheral wall of the connecting shaft, and the high-pressure jet channel is connected to the water pump through the water inlet pipe that penetrates the protective shell, and its outlet is located on the cutting blade.

[0017] The tunneling equipment is equipped with four drain valves to control the start and stop of the water pumps, and a pressure sensor is installed in the vibrating cutting section to monitor the contact position between the cutting blade and the coal and rock. The pressure sensor and the four drain valves are electrically connected. The four drain valves control the start and stop of the water pumps, and each branch of the four drain valves controls a set of high-pressure jet channels.

[0018] Each high-pressure jet channel includes a main flow channel located within the connecting shaft, multiple first branch channels located within the oscillating cutting head, and multiple second branch channels connected to the first branch channels.

[0019] Each cutting blade is embedded with multiple high-pressure nozzles for jetting coal and rock in the cutting direction. The second diversion channel is connected to the high-pressure nozzles, and the connection area between the second diversion channel and the high-pressure nozzles is fitted with a sealing sleeve.

[0020] In some embodiments of this application, a first ball bearing is provided inside the mounting cavity, and a connecting shaft is sleeved in the inner ring of the first ball bearing. The inner ring of the first ball bearing rotates in the direction of movement of the oscillating cutting part. The connecting shaft is provided with a third shoulder that abuts against the left side of the inner ring of the first ball bearing, and a limiting bolt that abuts against the right side of the inner ring of the first ball bearing.

[0021] The mounting cavity is fixedly connected to a left annular baffle and a right annular baffle, which respectively abut against both sides of the outer ring of the first ball bearing.

[0022] The cutting mechanism also includes a lubrication system, which includes an oil tank and a hydraulic pump. The input end of the hydraulic pump is connected to the oil tank, and the output end of the hydraulic pump is provided with a second oil passage. The output end of the second oil passage is connected to the oil injection hole opened on the outer ring of the first ball bearing.

[0023] In some embodiments of this application, the mounting hole is an inclined inner hole, and the axis of the inclined inner hole forms an angle with the axis of the eccentric block. The right side of the connecting shaft extends into the inclined inner hole and is clearance-fitted with it. Multiple annular oil reservoirs are formed on the outer peripheral wall of the right side of the connecting shaft. An oil flow channel is provided inside the connecting shaft, and the output end of the hydraulic pump is also provided with a first oil passage. The output end of the first oil passage is connected to the inlet of the oil flow channel, and the outlet of the oil flow channel is connected to the annular oil reservoir. The hydraulic pump pumps lubricating oil into the oil flow channel through the first oil passage, causing the lubricating oil to flow onto the right side of the connecting shaft.

[0024] An annular groove is also provided on the outer peripheral wall of the right side of the connecting shaft. The annular groove is located on the left side of multiple annular oil reservoirs, and a sealing ring for blocking lubricating oil is installed in the annular groove.

[0025] In some embodiments of this application, the mounting hole is a straight inner hole, and the axis of the straight inner hole is eccentric to the axis of the eccentric block. A second ball bearing is fixedly connected to the straight inner hole, and the connecting shaft is sleeved in the inner ring of the second ball bearing. The rotation of the driving component drives the rotation of the eccentric block, and the rotation of the eccentric block drives the second ball bearing to rotate eccentrically, thereby causing the oscillating cutting part to perform periodic cyclic oscillation.

[0026] This application also provides a method for using a four-way intelligent directional forward-facing repeating hole-assisted cutting mechanism, including the following steps:

[0027] Step S1: Start the tunneling equipment. The drive component starts to rotate as the tunneling equipment starts. The rotation of the drive component drives the rotation of the eccentric block. The rotation of the eccentric block drives the oscillating cutting part to perform periodic cyclic swinging.

[0028] Step S2: After the drive unit is started, the pressure sensor monitors the contact position between the cutting blade and the coal and rock and transmits the position signal to the four-way water discharge valve. The four-way water discharge valve controls the high-pressure jet channel near the coal and rock to spray high-pressure water. The high-pressure water flows into the main flow channel, the first branch channel, and the second branch channel in sequence, and finally forms an edge jet through the high-pressure nozzle to jet the coal and rock to form a jet hole.

[0029] Step S3: After the tunneling equipment is started, the thin oil lubrication system pumps lubricating oil from the oil tank through the hydraulic pump driven by the motor. The lubricating oil flows into the first ball bearing through the second oil passage and into the annular oil storage tank through the first oil passage, respectively lubricating the first ball bearing and the contact area between the connecting shaft and the inclined inner hole.

[0030] Step S4: The oscillating cutting section begins cutting by periodically rotating and swinging. When the cutting blade contacts the coal and rock, it wedges in along the jet hole formed by the jetting water flow to mill the coal and rock.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are: the cutting mechanism provided in this application solves the problems of high cutting resistance, severe cutting blade wear, high dust generation, low hard rock cutting efficiency, and high energy consumption. Furthermore, the high-pressure jet channel can be combined with the movement trajectory and real-time stress state of the cutting blade, saving water resources. It achieves intelligent coordination between high-pressure water jet and mechanical cutting, possesses efficient lubrication and sealing capabilities, and has a stable and reliable structure, thereby improving coal mine tunneling efficiency and reducing energy consumption and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a four-way intelligent directional forward-facing reciprocating hole-assisted cutting mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 2a This is a schematic diagram of the structure connecting the eccentric block and the oscillating cutting part provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 2b A cross-sectional view of a partial structure of the oscillating cutting section provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the eccentric block provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the oscillating cutting head provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 5 A partial structural schematic diagram of the oscillating cutting head provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 6a This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the high-pressure jet channel for jetting coal and rock according to an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 6b This is a schematic diagram of a second structure for a high-pressure jet channel that jets into coal and rock, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 6c This is a schematic diagram of the high-pressure jet channel for jetting coal and rock provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0042] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a high-pressure nozzle installed inside a cutting blade, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-pressure nozzle provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 9 A cross-sectional view of another four-way intelligent directional forward-facing reciprocating hole-assisted cutting mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the lubrication system provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0046] Figure label:

[0047] 1. Protective shell; 11. First limiting step; 12. Second limiting step; 13. Mounting cavity; 14. Rear end cover;

[0048] 2. Driving component; 21. Driving end;

[0049] 3. Eccentric block; 31. First bearing; 32a. Inner retaining ring; 32b. Outer retaining ring; 33. First shoulder; 34. Second bearing; 35. Clamp; 36. Second shoulder; 37. Offset block; 38. Inclined inner hole; 4. Vibrating cutting section; 41. Connecting shaft; 411. Annular oil reservoir; 42. Vibrating cutting section; 421. Mounting groove; 422a. Cutting blade; 422b. Blade handle; 423. High pressure Nozzle; 424, Pressure sensor; 43, High-pressure jet channel; 431, Main flow channel; 432, First branch channel; 433, Second branch channel; 44, Limiting bolt; 45, Oil flow channel; 461, Retaining ring; 4611, Limiting slot; 462, Torsion spring; 4621, Third limiting step; 48a, First ball bearing; 48b, Second ball bearing; 49a, Left baffle; 49b, Right baffle;

[0050] a. Water inlet pipe; b. First oil circuit; c. Second oil circuit; d. Sealing sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.

[0052] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "left side," "right side," "upper part," "lower part," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. "First," "second," etc., do not indicate the importance of the components, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. The specific dimensions used in this embodiment are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0053] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2a , Figure 2b and Figure 3 , Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a four-way intelligent directional forward-facing reciprocating hole-assisted cutting mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2a This is a schematic diagram of the structure connecting the eccentric block and the oscillating cutting part provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2b This is a cross-sectional view of a partial structure of the oscillation cutting section 4 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the eccentric block 3 provided in an embodiment of this application. This application provides a four-way intelligent directional forward-looking reciprocating hole auxiliary cutting mechanism, which includes a protective shell 1, a driving component 2, an eccentric block 3, and an oscillating cutting section 4.

[0054] The protective shell 1 has ear plates on both sides of its outer peripheral wall. The protective shell 1 is fixedly connected to the telescopic cylinder of the tunneling equipment (e.g., a tunneling machine) through the ear plates, providing installation space and protection for all internal moving parts. The protective shell 1 has an installation cavity 13 inside, and a rear end cover 14 is provided at the rear end of the installation cavity 13. The drive component 2 is placed in the installation cavity 13 of the protective shell 1 and installed on the inner end face of the rear end cover 14.

[0055] The eccentric block 3 is installed at the output end 21 of the drive component 2. The end of the eccentric block 3 away from the drive component 2 is provided with a mounting hole 38.

[0056] In some examples, a fixing groove can be provided on the right end of the eccentric block 3, and an internal spline is provided in the fixing groove. An external spline is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the output end 21 of the drive component 2. The drive end 22 extends into the fixing groove and the connection between the drive component 2 and the eccentric block 3 is achieved through the cooperation of the internal and external splines. The spline connection has the characteristics of easy disassembly and assembly, which saves assembly efficiency.

[0057] The oscillating cutting part 4 includes a connecting shaft 41 and an oscillating cutting head 42 located at the front end of the connecting shaft 41. The connecting shaft 41 is movably installed in the inclined inner hole. The end of the oscillating cutting head 42 away from the connecting shaft 41 extends to the outside of the mounting cavity 13, and a plurality of cutting blades 422a are provided on the circumference of the outer surface of the oscillating cutting head 42.

[0058] Among them, the rotation of the drive component 2 drives the rotation of the eccentric block 3, and the rotation of the eccentric block 3 drives the oscillating cutting part 4 to perform periodic oscillation, thereby causing the cutting blade 422a to mill coal and rock.

[0059] In some embodiments, the mounting hole 38 at the end of the eccentric block 3 furthest from the driving member 2 can be an inclined inner hole, with the axis of the inclined inner hole forming an angle with the axis of the eccentric block 3. The right side of the connecting shaft 41 extends into the inclined inner hole and is clearance-fitted with it. Thus, when the driving member 2 rotates, it drives the eccentric block 3 to rotate. Because the axis of the inclined inner hole forms an angle with the axis of the eccentric block 3, the rotation of the eccentric block 3 generates an excitation force on the connecting shaft 41, causing the connecting shaft 41 to periodically oscillate within the inclined inner hole. The assembly method is simple, easy to operate, and saves assembly time.

[0060] In some examples, multiple annular oil reservoirs 411 are formed on the outer peripheral wall of the right region of the connecting shaft 41, and an oil flow channel 45 is provided inside the connecting shaft 41. The cutting mechanism includes a lubrication system, which includes an oil tank, a motor, and a hydraulic pump. The motor and the hydraulic pump are electrically connected. The input end of the hydraulic pump is connected to the oil tank, and the output end of the hydraulic pump is also provided with a first oil passage b. The output end of the first oil passage b is connected to the oil inlet of the oil flow channel 45, and the oil outlet of the oil flow channel 45 is connected to the annular oil reservoirs 411. The hydraulic pump pumps lubricating oil into the oil flow channel 45 through the first oil passage b, so that the lubricating oil flows to the right region of the connecting shaft 41. In this way, by forming annular oil reservoirs 411 and an oil flow channel 45 on the connecting shaft 41, continuous and active lubrication of the key friction pair between the connecting shaft 41 and the mounting hole 38 is achieved, effectively reducing wear and heat generation, ensuring efficient and stable transmission of excitation force, maintaining the long-term oscillation performance of the mechanism, and improving service life. Lubricating oil is automatically supplied through the first oil circuit b, eliminating the need to stop the machine for refueling and improving the equipment's continuous operation capability.

[0061] For example, the angle between the axis of the inclined inner hole and the axis of the eccentric block 3 can be 0.5° to 5°.

[0062] In some examples, an annular groove may also be formed on the outer peripheral wall of the right region of the connecting shaft 41. The annular groove is located on the left side of multiple annular oil reservoirs 411, and a sealing ring for blocking lubricating oil is installed in the annular groove. The sealing ring can prevent lubricating oil from flowing along the connecting shaft 41 to other structures of the cutting mechanism, thus avoiding lubricating oil waste.

[0063] In some examples, a wear-resistant coating can be applied to the outer peripheral wall of the right region of the connecting shaft 41 and the inner wall of the inclined inner hole. For example, the material of the wear-resistant coating can be tungsten carbide, chromium oxide, or chromium carbide, which serves to protect the outer peripheral wall of the right region of the connecting shaft 41 and the inner peripheral wall of the inclined inner hole.

[0064] In some embodiments, a plurality of first bearings 31 may be fitted onto the outer peripheral wall of the left region of the eccentric block 3. The inner rings of two adjacent first bearings 31 are separated by an inner retaining ring 32a fitted onto the eccentric block 3, and the outer rings of two adjacent first bearings 31 are separated by an outer retaining ring 32b fitted onto the eccentric block 3. A first limiting step 11 is provided on the inner peripheral wall of the protective shell 1, and the leftmost first bearing 31 abuts against the first limiting step 11. The eccentric block 3 has a first shoulder 33, and the outer ring of the rightmost first bearing 31 abuts against the first shoulder 33. Furthermore, a second bearing 34 is fitted onto the outer peripheral wall of the right region of the eccentric block 3, and a clamp 35 abuts against the right side of the second bearing 34. Furthermore, a second limiting step 12 is provided on the inner peripheral wall of the protective shell 1, and the eccentric block 3 has a second shoulder 36. The left sides of the inner and outer rings of the second bearing 34 abut against the second limiting step 12 and the second shoulder 36, respectively.

[0065] In this way, the eccentric block 3 is supported by the first bearing 31 and the second bearing 34, which improves the smoothness and durability of the eccentric block 3 operation and also serves to limit the eccentric block 3, ensuring the stability of the eccentric block 3 when the drive component 2 drives the eccentric block 3 to rotate eccentrically at high speed, and effectively preventing the radial runout of the oscillating cutting part 4.

[0066] In some embodiments, an eccentric block 37 is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the eccentric block 3, and the eccentric block 37 is located between the first bearing 31 and the second bearing 34. The eccentric block 37 can increase the excitation force of the eccentric block 3 on the oscillating cutting part 4. The eccentric block 3 drives the eccentric block 37 to rotate, which plays the role of counterweight on one side of the eccentric block 3, strengthens the excitation force of the eccentric block 3 on the oscillating cutting part 4, improves the swing amplitude and cutting effect of the oscillating cutting part 4, and enables the cutting mechanism to adapt to coal and rock conditions of different hardness, thus expanding its application range.

[0067] In some embodiments, a first ball bearing 48a may be provided in the mounting cavity 13, and the connecting shaft 41 is sleeved in the inner ring of the first ball bearing 48a. The inner ring of the first ball bearing 48a rotates with the direction of movement of the oscillating cutting part 4. In this way, the first ball bearing 48a provides a stable oscillating fulcrum for the oscillating cutting part 43, ensuring the accuracy and stability of its tilting and gyratory oscillation trajectory, while being able to withstand complex radial and axial combined loads, greatly improving the reliability of the cutting mechanism.

[0068] In some embodiments, a fixing ring 461 is connected to the left end face of the protective shell 1. A limiting groove 4611 is formed on the inner peripheral wall of the fixing ring 461. A torsion spring 462 is sleeved on the connecting shaft 41, and the legs at both ends of the torsion spring 462 are engaged in the limiting groove 4611. The oscillating cutting part 4 swings under the drive of the eccentric block 3, and the torsion spring 462 twists accordingly to store energy. During the return stroke, the energy is released to assist in the return. Therefore, the torsion spring 462 provides a reset torque for the oscillating cutting part 4, preventing the oscillating cutting part 4 from rotating under inertia and assisting the oscillating cutting part 4 to return to its original position without external force. The fixing ring 461 and the torsion spring 462 cooperate to form a compact structure, which improves the speed of the return response, improves the rhythm and controllability of the cutting, reduces energy loss, and improves the cutting efficiency.

[0069] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 5 Combined Figure 1 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the oscillating cutting head 42 provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 5 This is a partial structural diagram of the oscillating cutting head 42 provided in the embodiments of this application. In some embodiments, the outer peripheral wall of the oscillating cutting head 42 has multiple mounting grooves 421. The cutting blade 422a is inserted into the mounting groove 421 through a handle 422b provided on its bottom wall, and the handle 422b is connected to the mounting groove 421 by bolts. The detachable design of the cutting blade 422a facilitates replacement and maintenance, reducing maintenance costs.

[0070] For example, a threaded surface may be present on either side of the handle 422b, and the handle 422b is bolted to the mounting groove 421 through the threaded surface on its side.

[0071] For example, when the cutting mechanism is cutting, the angle between the oscillating cutting part 4 and the coal and rock can be 3° to 15°.

[0072] Please see Figure 6a , Figure 6b as well as Figure 6c Combined Figure 4 , Figure 6a This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the high-pressure jet channel 43 for jetting coal and rock according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6b This is a schematic diagram of a second structure for the high-pressure jet channel 43 towards the coal and rock jet provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6b The direction of movement of the oscillating cutting head 42 is marked in the middle; Figure 6c This is a schematic diagram of the high-pressure jet channel 43 providing a jet towards the coal and rock according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 6c The direction of movement of the oscillating cutting head 42 is marked in the middle. The interior of the oscillating cutting section 4 has four sets of branched high-pressure jet channels 43 arranged circumferentially, for example... Figure 4The four independently controllable areas A, B, C and D shown are connected by a high-pressure jet channel 43 with its inlet located on the outer peripheral wall of the connecting shaft 41. The high-pressure jet channel 43 is connected to the high-pressure water pump through the inlet pipe a that penetrates the protective shell 1, and its outlet is located on the cutting blade 422a.

[0073] In some embodiments, the tunneling equipment is equipped with four-way drain valves for controlling the opening and closing of the high-pressure jet channel 43. A pressure sensor 424 is installed inside the vibrating cutting section 4 to monitor the contact position between the cutting blade 422a and the coal / rock. The pressure sensor 424 transmits pressure signals to the host computer, which then controls the four-way drain valves. The four drain valves control the opening and closing of the high-pressure jet channel 43, with each branch corresponding to a set of high-pressure jet channels 43. This provides the basis for "intelligent directional" sensing, enabling status monitoring and fault early warning, and achieving precise, efficient, and energy-saving operation.

[0074] Each high-pressure jet channel 43 includes a main flow channel 431 located within the connecting shaft 41, multiple first branch channels 432 located within the oscillating cutting head 42, and multiple second branch channels 433 connected to the first branch channels 432. This branch channel design ensures uniform water flow distribution and consistent jet effect, significantly improving cutting efficiency and quality, while also reducing water and energy consumption, thus contributing to environmental protection and energy conservation.

[0075] Each cutting blade 421 is embedded with multiple high-pressure nozzles 423 for jetting coal and rock in the cutting direction. The second diversion channel 433 is connected to the high-pressure nozzles 423, and a sealing sleeve d is provided in the connection area between the second diversion channel 433 and the high-pressure nozzles 423.

[0076] During the cutting process, the high-pressure jet channel 43 in the corresponding area is intelligently transformed according to the contact position between the cutting blade 422a and the coal / rock. When the oscillating cutting part 4 swings upward to cut, the drain valve of the high-pressure jet channel 43 in area A or area B opens. When the oscillating cutting part 4 swings downward to cut, the drain valve of the high-pressure jet channel 43 in area C or area D opens.

[0077] Please see Figure 7 and Figure 8 , Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of a high-pressure nozzle 423 installed inside the cutting blade 422a provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the high-pressure nozzle 423 provided in an embodiment of this application. In some examples, each cutting blade 421 is embedded with multiple high-pressure nozzles 423 for jetting coal and rock in the cutting direction. The second diversion channel 433 is connected to the high-pressure nozzles 423, and a sealing sleeve d is provided at the connection area between the second diversion channel 433 and the high-pressure nozzles 423. The sealing sleeve d serves to seal the interface between the second diversion channel 433 and the high-pressure nozzles 423, preventing high-pressure water from flowing out of the gaps in the vibrating cutting section 4, thus saving water resources.

[0078] In this way, the high-pressure jet function is integrated with the mechanical oscillating cutting function. The high-pressure water jet can pre-perforate the coal and rock to form a weak surface, and the cutting blade 422a then weaves in along this weak surface, realizing a collaborative operation mode of "softening first and then crushing". This fundamentally reduces cutting resistance and blade wear, while the high-pressure water curtain can also effectively suppress dust.

[0079] In some examples, the tail of the high-pressure nozzle 423 may be connected to a flange, and a fourth step is provided inside the cutting blade. The flange abuts against the fourth step to limit the high-pressure nozzle 423. Furthermore, the spray tip of the high-pressure nozzle 423 is tapered, with a taper of 20°-40°, preferably 30° in the preferred embodiment. The top of the tapered nozzle is also designed with a spray nozzle with a diameter of 0.5mm-1.5mm, preferably 1mm, to improve the spray force of the high-pressure water.

[0080] For example, the sealing sleeve d can be made of ultra-high molecular weight composite material, which is beneficial to improving sealing performance.

[0081] In some embodiments, the connecting shaft 41 is provided with a third shoulder 412 that abuts against the left side of the inner ring of the first ball bearing 48a, and a limiting bolt 44 that abuts against the right side of the inner ring of the first ball bearing 48a. In this way, the third shoulder 412 and the limiting bolt 44 serve to further limit the first ball bearing 48a in the axial direction, improve the stability of the connection between the oscillating cutting part 4 and the first ball bearing 48a, and ensure the reliability of the oscillating cutting part 4's rotation and oscillation.

[0082] In some examples, a left annular baffle 49a and a right annular baffle 49b are fixedly connected inside the mounting cavity 13, respectively abutting against both sides of the outer ring of the first ball bearing 48a. In this way, the left annular baffle 49a and the right annular baffle 49b serve to limit the first ball bearing 48a in the axial direction, improve the stability of the connection between the oscillating cutting part 4 and the first ball bearing 48a, and ensure the reliability of the oscillating cutting part 4's rotational oscillation.

[0083] In some embodiments, the output end of the hydraulic pump may also be provided with a second oil passage c, the output end of which is connected to the oil injection hole opened on the outer ring of the first ball bearing 481. Lubricating oil flows into the interior of the first ball bearing 48a through the second oil passage c to lubricate the balls inside the first ball bearing 48a, making the inner ring of the first ball bearing 48a rotate more smoothly.

[0084] For example, the connection method between the inner ring of the first ball bearing 48a and the connecting shaft 41 includes, but is not limited to, welding, bonding or snap-fitting.

[0085] Please see Figure 9 , Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of another four-way intelligent directional forward-looking reciprocating hole-assisted cutting mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application. In some embodiments, the mounting hole 38 at the end of the eccentric block 3 furthest from the driving member 2 can be a straight inner hole. The axis of the straight inner hole is eccentrically offset from the axis of the eccentric block 3. A second ball bearing 48b is fixedly connected inside the straight inner hole, and the connecting shaft 41 is sleeved in the inner ring of the second ball bearing 48b. The rotation of the driving member 2 drives the rotation of the eccentric block, which in turn drives the second ball bearing 48b in the straight inner hole to rotate eccentrically.

[0086] In some examples, an oil injection hole may also be provided on the outer ring of the second ball bearing 48b, and the oil injection hole is connected to the third oil passage penetrating the protective shell 1.

[0087] For example, the connection method between the inner ring of the second ball bearing 48b and the connecting shaft 41 includes, but is not limited to, welding, bonding or snap-fitting.

[0088] In this way, the first ball bearing 48a and the second ball bearing 48b cooperate to provide two stable oscillating fulcrums for the oscillating cutting section 4, ensuring the accuracy and stability of its tilting and oscillating trajectory, while also withstanding complex radial and axial combined loads, greatly improving the reliability of the cutting mechanism. Furthermore, lubricating oil flows into the interior of the first ball bearing 48a through the third oil passage, lubricating the balls inside the second ball bearing 48b, making the inner rings of both bearings rotate more smoothly.

[0089] Compared with existing technologies, the four-directional intelligent directional advanced forward-reverse perforation assisted cutting mechanism provided in this application embodiment achieves highly efficient cutting: the synergistic effect of "advanced forward-reverse perforation" and "rotary oscillating milling" greatly reduces mechanical cutting resistance and improves the efficiency and speed of hard rock cutting. Intelligent and precise: Through real-time feedback from pressure sensor 424 and processing by the controller, four-directional intelligent directional opening and closing of the high-pressure water jet is achieved, ensuring accurate target impact and high energy utilization. Reduced wear and tear: The advanced crushing of the water jet reduces the direct impact and wear of the cutting teeth, extending the overall lifespan of the tools and equipment. Dust control and environmental protection: The water curtain formed by the high-pressure water jet effectively suppresses dust generated during tunneling, improving the working environment. Reliable operation: The unique bearing arrangement, limit structure, lubrication system, and torsion spring 462 return design ensure high-strength, high-frequency, and long-term stable operation of the mechanism under complex and harsh working conditions.

[0090] The following is an example illustrating the use of the four-directional intelligent directional forward-facing perforation-assisted cutting mechanism provided in this application embodiment. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 10 , Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the lubrication system provided in an embodiment of this application. The method of using the system includes the following steps:

[0091] Step S1: Start the tunneling equipment. The drive component 2 starts to rotate as the tunneling equipment starts. The rotation of the drive component 2 drives the rotation of the eccentric block 3. The rotation of the eccentric block 3 drives the oscillating cutting part 4 to perform periodic oscillation.

[0092] Step S2: After the drive unit 2 is started, the pressure sensor 424 monitors the contact position between the cutting blade 422a and the coal and rock, and transmits the position signal to the four-way water discharge valve. The four-way water discharge valve controls the high-pressure jet channel 43 near the coal and rock position to spray high-pressure water. The high-pressure water flows into the main flow channel 431, the first branch channel 432, and the second branch channel 433 in sequence, and finally forms an edge jet through the high-pressure nozzle 423 to jet the coal and rock to form a jet hole.

[0093] Step S3: After the tunneling equipment is started, the lubrication system pumps lubricating oil from the oil tank through the hydraulic pump driven by the motor. The lubricating oil flows into the first ball bearing 48a through the second oil passage c and into the annular oil reservoir 411 through the first oil passage b, respectively lubricating the first ball bearing 48a and the contact area between the connecting shaft 41 and the mounting hole 38.

[0094] Step S4: The oscillating cutting section 4 rotates and oscillates to cut the coal and rock. When the cutting blade 422a contacts the coal and rock, it wedges in along the jet hole formed by the jetting water flow to mill the coal and rock.

[0095] This method systematically integrates the hardware functions of the mechanism into a highly efficient and intelligent workflow. It fully realizes a closed-loop intelligent control system encompassing "perception-decision-execution," leveraging the core advantages of the mechanism to significantly improve cutting efficiency and reduce energy consumption and wear. The synergistic operation of lubrication and jetting enhances the overall performance of the cutting mechanism, enabling automated and intelligent cutting operations, reducing operational difficulty, improving operational safety, and achieving efficient, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly tunneling operations.

[0096] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes that can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A four-way intelligent directional forward-facing reciprocating hole-assisted cutting mechanism, characterized in that, include: The protective shell (1) has an internal mounting cavity (13) and a rear end cover (14) at the rear end of the mounting cavity (13). The driving component (2) is placed in the mounting cavity (13) of the protective shell (1) and installed on the inner end face of the rear end cover (14); An eccentric block (3) is installed at the output end (21) of the drive unit (2); a mounting hole (38) is provided at the end away from the drive unit (2); The oscillating cutting part (4) includes a connecting shaft (41) and an oscillating cutting head (42) located at the front end of the connecting shaft (41). The connecting shaft (41) is movably installed in the mounting hole (38). One end of the oscillating cutting head (42) away from the connecting shaft (41) extends to the outside of the mounting cavity (13), and the outer surface of the oscillating cutting head (42) is provided with a plurality of cutting blades (422a). The drive component (2) rotates, causing the eccentric block (3) to rotate. The rotation of the eccentric block (3) causes the oscillating cutting part (4) to oscillate periodically, thereby causing the cutting blade (422a) to mill coal and rock.

2. The four-way intelligent directional forward-facing repeated-thrust auxiliary cutting mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple first bearings (31) are sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the left region of the eccentric block (3). The inner rings of two adjacent first bearings (31) are separated by an inner retaining ring (32a) fitted on the eccentric block (3), and the outer rings of two adjacent first bearings (31) are separated by an outer retaining ring (32b) fitted on the eccentric block (3). The protective shell (1) has a first limiting step (11) on its inner peripheral wall, and the first bearing (31) located on the leftmost side abuts against the first limiting step (11); the eccentric block (3) has a first shoulder (33), and the outer ring of the first bearing (31) located on the rightmost side abuts against the first shoulder (33). The outer peripheral wall of the right region of the eccentric block (3) is fitted with a second bearing (34) and a clamp (35) abutting against the right side of the second bearing (34); the inner peripheral wall of the protective shell (1) is provided with a second limiting step (12); the eccentric block (3) has a second shoulder (36); the left sides of the outer ring and inner ring of the second bearing (34) abut against the second limiting step (12) and the second shoulder (36) respectively; The outer peripheral wall of the eccentric block (3) is provided with a weight block (37) for increasing the excitation force of the eccentric block (3) on the oscillating cutting part (4). The weight block (37) is located between the first bearing (31) and the second bearing (34).

3. The four-way intelligent directional forward-facing repeated-thrust auxiliary cutting mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer peripheral wall of the oscillating cutting head (42) is provided with a plurality of mounting slots (421). The cutting blade (422a) is inserted into the mounting slot (421) through a handle (422b) provided on its bottom wall, and the handle (422b) is connected to the mounting slot (421) by bolts.

4. The four-way intelligent directional forward-facing reciprocating hole-assisted cutting mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, A fixing ring (461) is connected to the left end face of the protective shell (1). A limiting groove (4611) is opened on the inner peripheral wall of the fixing ring (461). A torsion spring (462) is sleeved on the connecting shaft (41). The legs at both ends of the torsion spring (462) are locked in the limiting groove (4611).

5. The four-way intelligent directional forward-facing reciprocating hole-assisted cutting mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The oscillating cutting section (4) has four sets of branched high-pressure jet channels (43) arranged in a circumferential direction inside. The inlet of the high-pressure jet channel (43) is opened on the outer peripheral wall of the connecting shaft (41), and the high-pressure jet channel (43) is connected to the high-pressure water pump through the water inlet pipe (a) that penetrates the protective shell (1), and its outlet is located on the cutting blade (422a). The tunneling equipment is equipped with four-way drain valves for controlling the opening and closing of the high-pressure jet channel (43). The oscillating cutting section (4) is equipped with a pressure sensor (424) for monitoring the contact position between the cutting blade (422a) and the coal and rock. The pressure sensor (424) transmits the pressure signal to the host computer, which controls the four-way drain valves. The four-way drain valves are used to control the opening and closing of the high-pressure jet channel (43). Each branch of the four-way drain valve controls a set of jets from the high-pressure jet channel (43). Each of the high-pressure jet channels (43) includes a main flow channel (431) opened in the connecting shaft (41), a plurality of first branch channels (432) opened in the oscillating cutting head (42), and a plurality of second branch channels (433) connected to the first branch channels (432); Each of the cutting blades (421) is embedded with a plurality of high-pressure nozzles (423) for jetting coal and rock in the cutting direction. The second diversion channel (433) is connected to the high-pressure nozzles (423), and a sealing sleeve (d) is provided in the connection area between the second diversion channel (433) and the high-pressure nozzles (423).

6. The four-way intelligent directional forward-facing reciprocating hole-assisted cutting mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mounting cavity (13) is provided with a first ball bearing (48a), and the connecting shaft (41) is sleeved in the inner ring of the first ball bearing (48a). The inner ring of the first ball bearing (48a) rotates with the movement direction of the oscillating cutting part (4). The connecting shaft (41) is provided with a third shoulder (412) that abuts against the left side of the inner ring of the first ball bearing (48a) and a limiting bolt (44) that abuts against the right side of the inner ring of the first ball bearing (48a). The mounting cavity (13) is fixedly connected to a left annular baffle (49a) and a right annular baffle (49b) that respectively abut against the two sides of the outer ring of the first ball bearing (48a); The cutting mechanism also includes a lubrication system, which includes an oil tank, a motor and a hydraulic pump. The input end of the hydraulic pump is connected to the oil tank, and the output end of the hydraulic pump is provided with a second oil passage (c). The output end of the second oil passage (c) is connected to the oil injection hole opened on the outer ring of the first ball bearing (481).

7. The four-way intelligent directional forward-facing reciprocating hole-assisted cutting mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mounting hole (38) is an inclined inner hole, and the axis of the inclined inner hole has an angle with the axis of the eccentric block (3). The right part of the connecting shaft (41) extends into the inclined inner hole and is clearance-fitted with the inclined inner hole. Multiple annular oil reservoirs (411) are provided on the outer peripheral wall of the right side region of the connecting shaft (41); an oil flow channel (45) is provided inside the connecting shaft (41); a first oil passage (b) is provided at the output end of the hydraulic pump; the output end of the first oil passage (b) is connected to the oil inlet of the oil flow channel (45); the oil outlet of the oil flow channel (45) is connected to the annular oil reservoir (411); the hydraulic pump pumps lubricating oil into the oil flow channel (45) through the first oil passage (b), so that the lubricating oil flows to the right side region of the connecting shaft (41); An annular groove is also provided on the outer peripheral wall of the right region of the connecting shaft (41). The annular groove is located on the left side of the plurality of annular oil storage tanks (411). A sealing ring for blocking lubricating oil is installed in the annular groove.

8. The four-way intelligent directional forward-facing reciprocating hole-assisted cutting mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mounting hole (38) is a straight inner hole, and there is an eccentricity between the axis of the straight inner hole and the axis of the eccentric block (3). A second ball bearing (48b) is fixedly connected inside the straight inner hole, and the connecting shaft (41) is sleeved in the inner ring of the second ball bearing (48b). The drive member (2) rotates to drive the eccentric block (3) to rotate, and the rotation of the eccentric block (3) drives the second ball bearing (48b) to rotate eccentrically, thereby causing the oscillating cutting part (4) to perform periodic cyclic swinging.

9. A method of using the four-way intelligent directional forward-facing reciprocating hole-assisted cutting mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Start the tunneling equipment. The drive component (2) starts to rotate as the tunneling equipment starts. The rotation of the drive component (2) drives the rotation of the eccentric block (3). The rotation of the eccentric block (3) drives the oscillating cutting part (4) to perform periodic oscillation. Step S2: After the drive unit (2) is started, the pressure sensor monitors the contact position between the cutting blade (422a) and the coal and rock, and transmits the position signal to the host computer. The host computer controls the four-way water discharge valve, and the four-way water discharge valve controls the high-pressure jet channel (43) close to the coal and rock position to spray high-pressure water. The high-pressure water flows into the main flow channel (431), the first branch channel (432), and the second branch channel (433) in sequence, and finally forms an edge jet through the high-pressure nozzle (423) to jet the coal and rock to form a jet hole. Step S3: After the tunneling equipment is started, the lubrication system pumps lubricating oil from the oil tank through the hydraulic pump driven by the motor. The lubricating oil flows into the first ball bearing (48a) through the second oil passage (c) and into the annular oil reservoir (411) through the first oil passage (b), respectively lubricating the first ball bearing (48a) and the contact area between the connecting shaft (41) and the inclined inner hole. Step S4: The oscillating cutting section (4) begins cutting by periodically rotating and swinging. When the cutting blade (422a) contacts the coal and rock, it wedges in along the jet hole formed by the jetting water flow to mill the coal and rock.

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