Wormwood planting fertilizer and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a wormwood planting fertilizer and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The wormwood planting fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 10 to 15 parts of humic acid, 5 to 8 parts of amino acid, 2 to 3 parts of wormwood extract A, 3 to 5 parts of wormwood extract B, 15 to 20 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.01 to 0.03 part of sodium selenite, 0.02 to 0.05 part of zinc sulfate, 0.3 to 0.5 part of cellulose nanocrystal, 0.01 to 0.03 part of malic acid and 0.1 to 0.2 part of sodium alginate. By means of the two-dimensional design that components synergistically enhance absorption and the planting process is matched with the growth rhythm, the problems that in traditional fertilization, nutrients are unbalanced, the selenium and zinc utilization rate is low, and pest and disease damage prevention and control are difficult are solved, efficient absorption of wormwood on microelements, accurate supply of nutrients and reduction of the pesticide use amount are achieved, and the yield of the wormwood is increased. The yield and the medicinal quality are synergistically improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, and in particular relates to a fertilizer for planting Artemisia argyi and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Artemisia, also known as mugwort, is a perennial herb belonging to the Artemisia genus of the Asteraceae family. Its dried leaves are used medicinally. Artemisia leaves are warm in nature, pungent and bitter in taste, and slightly toxic. They enter the liver, spleen, and kidney meridians. The whole plant is used medicinally, possessing properties such as warming the meridians, dispelling dampness, dispersing cold, stopping bleeding, reducing inflammation, relieving asthma, stopping coughs, calming the fetus, and anti-allergy effects. Dried and crushed Artemisia leaves yield "Artemisia floss," used to make moxa sticks for moxibustion, and can also be used as a raw material for "ink paste." Furthermore, the whole plant is used as an insecticide or for fumigation as a room disinfectant and insecticide. Young shoots and seedlings can be used as vegetables. Dried and pulverized Artemisia powder can also be used as a natural plant dye. With the increasingly widespread use of Artemisia, the amount of Artemisia available under natural conditions can no longer meet the demand. Current technologies for cultivating Artemisia still present the following technical problems:

[0003] Low efficiency of micronutrient absorption: Functional elements such as selenium and zinc in existing mugwort fertilizers are difficult for mugwort to absorb efficiently, with a utilization rate of less than 15%, which cannot meet the medicinal and edible standards of selenium- and zinc-rich mugwort, and lacks a targeted synergistic absorption mechanism.

[0004] Nutrient ratio mismatch with growth stage: Traditional fertilizers use a fixed nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio (such as 15:15:15), which fails to meet the balanced nutrition needs of Artemisia seedlings and the high nitrogen demand in the middle and late stages of growth. This results in insufficient biomass accumulation of Artemisia and a reduction of more than 30% in the content of effective components such as essential oils and total flavonoids.

[0005] Poor slow-release properties of fertilizers and nutrient loss: Ordinary fertilizers are easily decomposed and lost after application, with a nutrient utilization rate of less than 60%. Furthermore, active ingredients such as Artemisia argyi essential oil are easily volatilized and cannot continuously exert their growth-promoting and antibacterial effects, requiring frequent topdressing, which increases labor costs.

[0006] Insufficient uniformity and precision in fertilization: The manual application of solid fertilizers leads to uneven distribution of nutrients in the soil, resulting in significant differences in the absorption of nutrients by Artemisia argyi plants. Yield fluctuations can reach 20% per mu, and there is a lack of optimized application plans for different stages of base fertilizer and topdressing.

[0007] Chemical pesticide dependence and quality and safety risks: Existing planting methods rely too heavily on chemical pesticides for pest and disease control, leading to an increased risk of pesticide residues in Artemisia argyi, while there is a lack of technical means to achieve green control by utilizing Artemisia argyi's own extracts.

[0008] Challenges in synergistically improving yield and quality: Traditional planting management methods are extensive and the supply of regenerated nutrients after pruning is insufficient, which leads to a decrease in the content of medicinal components (such as eucalyptol content below 0.05%) when increasing the yield per mu of Artemisia argyi, making it difficult to balance yield and quality.

[0009] Therefore, this invention proposes a fertilizer for Artemisia argyi cultivation and its application. Summary of the Invention

[0010] This invention proposes a fertilizer for Artemisia argyi cultivation and its application. By innovating fertilizer formula design and optimizing planting methods, this invention specifically solves the above-mentioned technical problems, achieving efficient absorption of trace elements, precise nutrient supply, reduced pesticide use, and synergistic improvement in yield and medicinal quality of Artemisia argyi.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0012] This invention proposes a fertilizer for planting Artemisia argyi, which is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts humic acid, 5-8 parts amino acids, 2-3 parts Artemisia argyi extract A, 3-5 parts Artemisia argyi extract B, 15-20 parts NPK compound fertilizer, 0.01-0.03 parts sodium selenite, 0.02-0.05 parts zinc sulfate, 0.3-0.5 parts cellulose nanocrystals, 0.01-0.03 parts malic acid, and 0.1-0.2 parts sodium alginate;

[0013] The Artemisia argyi extract A is Artemisia argyi essential oil, and the Artemisia argyi extract B is Artemisia argyi protein degradation product treated with cellulase and protease.

[0014] Beneficial Effects: In the raw materials used in this invention, humic acid and amino acids form a basic synergistic carrier. Humic acid can improve soil aggregate structure and enhance water and fertilizer retention capacity. Simultaneously, through complexation, it activates selenium and zinc ions in sodium selenite and zinc sulfate, increasing their absorption rate. Amino acids, as small-molecule organic nitrogen sources, can be directly absorbed by the roots of Artemisia argyi, overcoming the deficiency of traditional chemical fertilizers requiring conversion before utilization and reducing nutrient deficiency during the seedling stage. The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer ensures nutrient supply synchronized with the growth rhythm of Artemisia argyi. Artemisia argyi extract A, prepared by steam distillation, contains active ingredients such as eucalyptol and caryophyllene. On the one hand, it can inhibit the reproduction of pests such as aphids and spider mites, reducing the incidence of diseases and pests; on the other hand, its volatile components can stimulate the Artemisia argyi's own defense system, enhancing its resistance. Artemisia argyi extract B, after treatment with cellulase and protease, converts the proteins in Artemisia argyi residues into small-molecule peptides and amino acids, achieving resource recycling through "using grass to nourish grass" and providing a slow-release organic nitrogen source for Artemisia argyi, synergistically extending the nutrient supply cycle with humic acid. Cellulose nanocrystals and sodium alginate form a nanoscale slow-release network. The porous structure of the cellulose nanocrystals adsorbs nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ions, while the gel properties of sodium alginate control the slow release of nutrients, solving the problem of nutrient loss caused by the "burst release" of traditional fertilizers. Malic acid can lower the soil pH to the suitable range for Artemisia argyi, promoting the absorption of nutrients by Artemisia argyi.

[0015] Furthermore, the Artemisia argyi extract A is prepared by steam distillation.

[0016] Furthermore, in the preparation process of Artemisia argyi extract B, the amount of protease added is 0.5-1% of the weight of Artemisia argyi raw material, and the amount of cellulase added is 0.3-0.5% of the weight of Artemisia argyi raw material.

[0017] Furthermore, the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is (1-2):1:1.

[0018] Preferably, the Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 13 parts humic acid, 6 parts amino acids, 2 parts Artemisia argyi extract A, 4 parts Artemisia argyi extract B, 18 parts nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.02 parts sodium selenite, 0.04 parts zinc sulfate, 0.4 parts cellulose nanocrystals, 0.01 parts malic acid, and 0.2 parts sodium alginate.

[0019] Furthermore, the Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer is obtained by mixing all components evenly.

[0020] This invention also proposes a method for planting Artemisia argyi using the above-mentioned Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0021] (1) Select healthy mugwort seeds for seedling cultivation, and transplant the seedlings when they grow to 5-8cm.

[0022] (2) Planting should be carried out with a plant spacing of 20-30cm and a row spacing of 40-50cm. Before planting, apply the Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer to the soil as base fertilizer, with an application rate of 100-150kg / mu.

[0023] (3) Apply top dressing during the seedling stage, branching stage and 15-20 days before harvest of Artemisia argyi;

[0024] (4) Regular irrigation, weeding and pest and disease control.

[0025] Further, in step (3), the fertilizer used for topdressing is the Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer. When applying topdressing, the Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer is diluted 200-300 times and then applied. The amount of topdressing during the seedling stage is 30-50 kg / mu, the amount of topdressing during the branching stage is 50-80 kg / mu, and the amount of topdressing before harvest is 40-60 kg / mu.

[0026] Furthermore, in step (2), the base fertilizer is mixed with well-rotted organic fertilizer during application.

[0027] Furthermore, the amount of the decomposed organic fertilizer used is 1000-2000 kg / mu.

[0028] Beneficial effects: Applying a mixture of base fertilizer and well-rotted organic fertilizer before transplanting provides long-lasting organic matter, while the artificial fertilizer supplements readily available nutrients and selenium and zinc, forming a "long-lasting + readily available" nutrient pool to meet the rapid recovery needs of seedlings after transplanting. A phased fertilization approach is adopted: focusing on root promotion during the seedling stage, stem and leaf growth during the branching stage, and accumulation of effective components before harvest, achieving "on-demand supply." Pruning is done when the mugwort reaches 100-120cm, combined with fertilization within 24 hours. Pruning breaks apical dominance and promotes lateral bud sprouting; at this time, the mugwort extract B (peptides) in the fertilizer can stimulate cytokinin synthesis, accelerate new shoot growth, and increase the yield of the second crop.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0030] This invention, through a two-dimensional design of "synergistic absorption enhancement of components and matching the growth rhythm of the planting process," not only solves the problems of nutrient imbalance, low utilization rate of selenium and zinc, and difficulty in pest and disease control in traditional fertilization, but also achieves simultaneous improvement in the yield (dry leaf yield per mu increased to more than 255 kg) and quality (selenium content ≥ 0.07 mg / kg, zinc content ≥ 2.4 mg / kg) of Artemisia argyi. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0033] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0034] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0035] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0036] This invention provides a fertilizer for planting Artemisia argyi, which is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts humic acid, 5-8 parts amino acids, 2-3 parts Artemisia argyi extract A, 3-5 parts Artemisia argyi extract B, 15-20 parts NPK compound fertilizer, 0.01-0.03 parts sodium selenite, 0.02-0.05 parts zinc sulfate, 0.3-0.5 parts cellulose nanocrystals, 0.01-0.03 parts malic acid, and 0.1-0.2 parts sodium alginate;

[0037] Artemisia extract A is Artemisia essential oil, and Artemisia extract B is Artemisia protein degradation product treated with cellulase and protease.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Artemisia argyi extract A is prepared by steam distillation; specifically, Artemisia argyi extract A used in the embodiments of the present invention is prepared according to the following method:

[0039] (1) Take the above-ground parts (stems and leaves) of fresh mugwort, remove impurities, wash them, cut them into 2-3cm sections, dry them at 60℃ until the moisture content is ≤10%, and crush them through a 40-mesh sieve.

[0040] (2) Mix the crushed Artemisia argyi raw material with deionized water at a weight ratio of 1:8-10, add it to a distillation flask, and use a steam distillation apparatus to distill at 90°C for 3 hours, and collect the distillate.

[0041] (3) Transfer the distillate into a separatory funnel, let it stand to separate the layers, separate the upper essential oil phase, add anhydrous sodium sulfate to dehydrate for 24 hours, filter to remove the desiccant, and obtain crude Artemisia argyi essential oil.

[0042] (4) Vacuum freeze-drying is used to process crude essential oil: first, it is pre-frozen at -40℃ for 2 hours, and then sublimated and dried at a vacuum of 15Pa and a temperature of -20℃ for 8 hours to obtain Artemisia argyi extract A.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amount of protease added during the preparation of Artemisia argyi extract B is 0.5-1% of the weight of the Artemisia argyi raw material, and the amount of cellulase added is 0.3-0.5% of the weight of the Artemisia argyi raw material; specifically, the Artemisia argyi extract B used in the embodiments of the present invention is prepared according to the following method:

[0044] (1) Take the residue (or fresh mugwort stems) after extracting mugwort extract A, crush it through a 60-mesh sieve, add citrate buffer solution with pH=5.4-6.2 at a weight ratio of 1:15, and stir to make a homogenate.

[0045] (2) Add cellulase (enzyme activity ≥5000U / g) to the homogenate, the amount added is 0.3-0.5% of the weight of Artemisia argyi residue, and enzymatically hydrolyze in a constant temperature water bath at 55℃ for 2 hours;

[0046] (3) Adjust the pH of the system to 5.8-7.0, add neutral protease (enzyme activity ≥10000U / g), the amount added is 0.5-1% of the weight of Artemisia argyi residue, and continue enzymatic hydrolysis at 35℃ for 2 hours;

[0047] (4) After the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, heat the system to 80°C and keep it warm for 15 minutes to inactivate the enzyme. After cooling, centrifuge (3000 r / min, 15 minutes) and take the supernatant.

[0048] (5) The supernatant was purified by adsorption of HPD722 macroporous resin (sample loading flow rate 2.0 mL / min, elution with 60% ethanol), the eluent was collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to a solid content of 30%, and spray dried (inlet air temperature 180℃, outlet air temperature 80℃) to obtain Artemisia argyi extract B.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is (1-2):1:1.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer is obtained by mixing the various components evenly.

[0051] Omitting any key component in the Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer of this invention will break the closed loop of "nutrient activation - slow-release supply - functional enhancement - disease prevention and control synergy," making it impossible to simultaneously solve the technical problems of traditional fertilization, and even more difficult to achieve simultaneous improvement in yield and quality. For example:

[0052] Omitting humic acid disrupts nutrient activation and soil compatibility. Humic acid's core function is to activate selenium and zinc ions in sodium selenite and zinc sulfate through a complexation effect, while simultaneously improving soil aggregate structure to enhance water and fertilizer retention. Omitting it reduces soil fertilizer retention capacity, leading to easy loss of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, resulting in nutrient deficiency during the seedling stage, decreased dry leaf yield per acre, and failing to address the "nutrient imbalance" problem.

[0053] Omitting Artemisia argyi extract B disrupts the slow-release nutrient chain and resource recycling. Artemisia argyi extract B (treated with cellulase and protease) can provide Artemisia argyi with small molecule peptides and amino acids for 6-8 weeks, and also enables the resource utilization of Artemisia argyi residues. Omitting it creates a nutrient supply gap from the branching stage to harvest, resulting in weak stem and leaf growth and a decrease in the fresh weight of individual plants. Simultaneously, it loses its synergistic slow-release effect with humic acid, increasing nitrogen loss. This fails to address the "nutrient imbalance" and makes it difficult to achieve the goal of high yield per acre.

[0054] Omitting cellulose nanocrystals and sodium alginate will disrupt the slow-release system, leading to a burst of nutrient release. The nano-network formed by cellulose nanocrystals and sodium alginate can control the release rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Without these components, the nutrient release rate is too high within 7 days of fertilizer application, resulting in early root burn and later nutrient deficiency, leading to decreased root vitality. Simultaneously, selenium and zinc ions are lost with excess water, reducing their utilization rate. This not only fails to address the "nutrient imbalance" but also reduces yield.

[0055] Omitting malic acid blocks the pH-adaptive pathway for selenium and zinc absorption. Malic acid stabilizes soil pH at 6.0-6.5 (the optimal range for selenium and zinc absorption by Artemisia argyi), promoting the conversion of selenium and zinc from their complexed state to their absorbable state. Without malic acid, soil pH fluctuates above 7.0, reducing fertilizer utilization and thus yield.

[0056] This invention also proposes a method for planting Artemisia argyi using the above-mentioned Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0057] (1) Select healthy mugwort seeds for seedling cultivation, and transplant the seedlings when they grow to 5-8cm.

[0058] (2) Planting should be carried out with a plant spacing of 20-30cm and a row spacing of 40-50cm. Before planting, apply Artemisia argyi fertilizer to the soil as base fertilizer, with an application rate of 100-150kg / mu.

[0059] (3) Apply top dressing during the seedling stage, branching stage and 15-20 days before harvest of Artemisia argyi;

[0060] (4) Regular irrigation, weeding and pest and disease control.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (3), the fertilizer used for topdressing is Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer. When applying topdressing, the Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer is diluted 200-300 times and then applied. The amount of topdressing during the seedling stage is 30-50 kg / mu, the amount of topdressing during the branching stage is 50-80 kg / mu, and the amount of topdressing before harvest is 40-60 kg / mu.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), the base fertilizer is mixed with well-rotted organic fertilizer during application.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amount of well-rotted organic fertilizer used is 1000-2000 kg / mu, and the well-rotted organic fertilizer is prepared according to the following method:

[0064] (1) Collect 50 portions of the remaining branches and leaves after the harvest of Artemisia argyi, 20 portions of corn stalks, 18 portions of rice husk powder, 18 portions of livestock and poultry manure (chicken manure), and 1 portion of composting inoculant (containing Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger, with an effective live bacteria count ≥200 million / g).

[0065] (2) Crush the remaining branches and leaves of Artemisia argyi and corn stalks into small pieces of 2-5cm, mix them with rice husk powder, and adjust the moisture content to 60% (it should be able to form a ball when squeezed in the hand without dripping water, and crumble when released); livestock and poultry manure should be dried until the moisture content is ≤30% before crushing to avoid introducing pathogens;

[0066] (3) Adopt windrow composting, with a pile height of 1.5m and a width of 3m, and a 10cm thick layer of rice husk powder at the bottom for ventilation;

[0067] (4) According to the proportion of step (1), lay each raw material and composting agent in layers. Sprinkle a layer of agent evenly on every 30cm thick layer of raw material, mix and compact.

[0068] (5) In the early stage of fermentation (0-7 days), the temperature of the pile naturally rises to 65℃ and is maintained for 5 days to kill bacteria and insect eggs;

[0069] (6) Turn the pile over once on the 15th day and once on the 30th day, and add water to 50% to ensure uniform fermentation and avoid local anaerobic conditions;

[0070] (7) After 60 days of fermentation, the temperature of the pile drops to the ambient temperature, the material turns dark brown, has no odor and has a muddy smell, and the pH value is 6.5-7.5, which means the fermentation is complete.

[0071] (8) Pass the decomposed material through a 20-mesh sieve to remove impurities that have not been completely decomposed, and it becomes decomposed organic fertilizer.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (4), regular irrigation, weeding and pest control are all conventional technical means in the field.

[0073] All components used in the embodiments of this invention were commercially available.

[0074] Unless otherwise specified, "parts" in the embodiments of this invention refers to "number of parts by weight".

[0075] The embodiments and comparative examples of this invention were all carried out at a licorice planting base in Shandong Province, with a planting area of ​​2 mu for each embodiment and comparative example.

[0076] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0077] Example 1

[0078] A method for cultivating artemisia using artemisia planting fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0079] (1) Select healthy mugwort seeds for seedling cultivation, and transplant the seedlings when they grow to 6cm.

[0080] (2) Planting should be carried out at a plant spacing of 25cm and a row spacing of 45cm. Before planting, apply Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer to the soil as base fertilizer at a rate of 130kg / mu. When applying the base fertilizer, mix it with well-rotted organic fertilizer at a rate of 1500kg / mu.

[0081] (3) Topdressing should be applied during the seedling stage, branching stage and 18 days before harvest. When applying topdressing, the seed fertilizer for Artemisia argyi should be diluted 300 times and then applied. The amount of topdressing during the seedling stage is 40 kg / mu, the amount of topdressing during the branching stage is 60 kg / mu, and the amount of topdressing before harvest is 50 kg / mu.

[0082] (4) Regular irrigation, weeding and pest and disease control.

[0083] The Artemisia argyi fertilizer used in this embodiment consists of the following components in parts by weight: 13 parts humic acid, 6 parts amino acids, 2 parts Artemisia argyi extract A, 4 parts Artemisia argyi extract B, 18 parts nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in a weight ratio of 1:1:1), 0.02 parts sodium selenite, 0.04 parts zinc sulfate, 0.4 parts cellulose nanocrystals, 0.01 parts malic acid, and 0.2 parts sodium alginate.

[0084] Example 2

[0085] A method for cultivating artemisia using artemisia planting fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0086] (1) Select healthy mugwort seeds for seedling cultivation, and transplant the seedlings when they grow to 5cm.

[0087] (2) Planting should be carried out at a plant spacing of 30cm and a row spacing of 40cm. Before planting, apply Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer to the soil as base fertilizer at a rate of 150kg / mu. When applying the base fertilizer, mix it with well-rotted organic fertilizer at a rate of 2000kg / mu.

[0088] (3) Topdressing should be applied during the seedling stage, branching stage and 20 days before harvest. When applying topdressing, the seed fertilizer for Artemisia argyi should be diluted 300 times and then applied. The amount of topdressing during the seedling stage is 50 kg / mu, the amount of topdressing during the branching stage is 50 kg / mu, and the amount of topdressing before harvest is 60 kg / mu.

[0089] (4) Regular irrigation, weeding and pest and disease control.

[0090] The Artemisia argyi fertilizer used in this embodiment consists of the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts humic acid, 8 parts amino acids, 2 parts Artemisia argyi extract A, 3 parts Artemisia argyi extract B, 20 parts nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in a weight ratio of 1:1:1), 0.03 parts sodium selenite, 0.02 parts zinc sulfate, 0.5 parts cellulose nanocrystals, 0.03 parts malic acid, and 0.2 parts sodium alginate.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] A method for cultivating artemisia using artemisia planting fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0093] (1) Select healthy mugwort seeds for seedling cultivation, and transplant the seedlings when they grow to 8cm.

[0094] (2) Planting should be carried out at a plant spacing of 20cm and a row spacing of 50cm. Before planting, apply Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer to the soil as base fertilizer at a rate of 100kg / mu. When applying the base fertilizer, mix it with well-rotted organic fertilizer at a rate of 2000kg / mu.

[0095] (3) Topdressing should be applied during the seedling stage, branching stage and 15 days before harvest. When applying topdressing, the seed fertilizer for Artemisia argyi should be diluted 200 times and then applied. The amount of topdressing during the seedling stage is 30 kg / mu, the amount of topdressing during the branching stage is 80 kg / mu, and the amount of topdressing before harvest is 60 kg / mu.

[0096] (4) Regular irrigation, weeding and pest and disease control.

[0097] The Artemisia argyi fertilizer used in this embodiment consists of the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts humic acid, 5 parts amino acids, 3 parts Artemisia argyi extract A, 5 parts Artemisia argyi extract B, 15 parts nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in a weight ratio of 2:1:1), 0.01 parts sodium selenite, 0.05 parts zinc sulfate, 0.3 parts cellulose nanocrystals, 0.01 parts malic acid, and 0.1 parts sodium alginate.

[0098] Example 4

[0099] A method for cultivating artemisia using artemisia planting fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0100] (1) Select healthy mugwort seeds for seedling cultivation, and transplant the seedlings when they grow to 5cm.

[0101] (2) Planting should be carried out at a plant spacing of 22cm and a row spacing of 48cm. Before planting, apply Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer to the soil as base fertilizer at a rate of 130kg / mu. When applying the base fertilizer, mix it with well-rotted organic fertilizer at a rate of 1000kg / mu.

[0102] (3) Topdressing should be applied during the seedling stage, branching stage and 17 days before harvest. When applying topdressing, the seed fertilizer for Artemisia argyi should be diluted 250 times and then applied. The amount of topdressing during the seedling stage is 36 kg / mu, the amount of topdressing during the branching stage is 60 kg / mu, and the amount of topdressing before harvest is 50 kg / mu.

[0103] (4) Regular irrigation, weeding and pest and disease control.

[0104] The Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer used in this embodiment consists of the following components in parts by weight: 13 parts humic acid, 7 parts amino acids, 2 parts Artemisia argyi extract A, 5 parts Artemisia argyi extract B, 20 parts nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in a weight ratio of 2:1:1), 0.02 parts sodium selenite, 0.04 parts zinc sulfate, 0.4 parts cellulose nanocrystals, 0.02 parts malic acid, and 0.1 parts sodium alginate. Mix all components evenly to obtain the Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer.

[0105] Comparative Example 1

[0106] Same as Example 1, except that the addition of humic acid is omitted in the Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer, while the other steps remain the same.

[0107] Comparative Example 2

[0108] Same as Example 1, except that the addition of Artemisia extract B is omitted in the Artemisia planting fertilizer, while the other steps remain the same.

[0109] Comparative Example 3

[0110] Same as Example 1, except that the addition of cellulose nanocrystals and sodium alginate is omitted in the Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer, while the other steps remain the same.

[0111] Comparative Example 4

[0112] Same as Example 1, except that the addition of malic acid is omitted in the Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer, while the other steps remain the same.

[0113] Comparative Example 5

[0114] Same as Example 1, except that during the planting of Artemisia argyi, the fertilizer for planting Artemisia argyi is replaced with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:1:1).

[0115] Comparative Example 6

[0116] A method for cultivating artemisia using artemisia planting fertilizer, which omits the step of applying artemisia planting fertilizer before transplanting, is as follows:

[0117] (1) Select healthy mugwort seeds for seedling cultivation, and transplant the seedlings when they grow to 6cm.

[0118] (2) Planting should be carried out at a plant spacing of 25cm and a row spacing of 45cm. Before planting, apply well-rotted organic fertilizer to the soil at a rate of 1500kg / mu.

[0119] (3) Topdressing should be applied during the seedling stage, branching stage and 18 days before harvest. When applying topdressing, the seed fertilizer for Artemisia argyi should be diluted 300 times and then applied. The amount of topdressing during the seedling stage is 40 kg / mu, the amount of topdressing during the branching stage is 60 kg / mu, and the amount of topdressing before harvest is 50 kg / mu.

[0120] (4) Regular irrigation, weeding and pest and disease control.

[0121] The composition of the Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer used in this comparative example is consistent with that in Example 1.

[0122] Planting results

[0123] I. Determination of Dry Leaf Yield per Mu

[0124] Once the mugwort reaches the harvest standard (e.g., when the first crop has upright stems and no lateral branches have sprouted), harvest the entire field and record the total weight of fresh leaves. Randomly select three fresh leaf samples (1 kg each) and dry them in a 60℃ oven until constant weight. Calculate the fresh-to-dry ratio (dry weight / fresh weight). Calculate the total yield of dried leaves in the plot according to "total weight of fresh leaves × fresh-to-dry ratio," and then convert it to the yield of dried leaves per mu (kg / mu). The results of the measured yield of dried leaves per mu in the example and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.

[0125] II. Determination of Selenium and Zinc Content

[0126] Selenium content was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry, and zinc content was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

[0127] The results of selenium and zinc content determination in the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.

[0128] III. Measurement of Pest and Disease Occurrence Rate

[0129] Subjects of the survey: For common pests of Artemisia argyi (aphids, scale insects, spider mites, leaf rollers), a five-point sampling method was used, with five sampling points randomly selected in each experimental plot, and 100 Artemisia argyi plants were investigated at each sampling point.

[0130] Calculation method: Pest and disease incidence rate (%) = (number of diseased / affected plants ÷ total number of plants surveyed) × 100%, record the overall occurrence of various pests and diseases.

[0131] The results of the pest and disease incidence determination for the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.

[0132] Table 1. Results of measurements for examples and comparative examples.

[0133]

[0134]

[0135] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the comparative example, by omitting key components or steps, disrupted the synergistic system of nutrient activation-slow release supply-functional enhancement-stage adaptation of the present invention, resulting in the inability to simultaneously achieve the technical effects of yield increase, selenium and zinc enrichment, and pest and disease control. In contrast, Examples 1-4, through complete component and process design, fully leveraged the synergistic effect of each component and achieved the expected technical objectives.

[0136] Comparative Example 1 omits humic acid. The core function of humic acid is to activate selenium and zinc ions through complexation, while simultaneously improving soil aggregate structure to retain water and fertilizer. Without humic acid, the selenium and zinc ions in sodium selenite and zinc sulfate readily combine with soil calcium ions to form insoluble precipitates, causing the selenium content to decrease from 0.09 mg / kg to 0.05 mg / kg, and the zinc content from 2.6 mg / kg to 1.8 mg / kg. Simultaneously, the soil's fertilizer retention capacity decreases, and nutrient deficiency during the seedling stage leads to a decrease in the yield of dry leaves per acre from 260 kg to 200 kg. The deterioration of soil structure also indirectly reduces the stress resistance of Artemisia argyi, increasing the incidence of pests and diseases from 2.0% to 5.0%.

[0137] Comparative Example 2 omitted Artemisia argyi extract B. Artemisia argyi extract B (a protein degradation product treated with cellulase and protease) can provide small molecule peptides and amino acids for 6-8 weeks, synergistically maintaining nutrient supply from the branching period to harvest with humic acid. After omitting this extract, the Artemisia argyi suffered from nutrient gap after the branching period, resulting in weak stem and leaf growth and a decrease in dry leaf yield per acre from 260 kg to 210 kg. Simultaneously, its synergistic effect with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium disappeared, its auxiliary function in selenium and zinc absorption weakened, and the zinc content decreased.

[0138] Comparative Example 3 omitted the addition of cellulose nanocrystals and sodium alginate. The cellulose nanocrystals and sodium alginate form a nanoscale slow-release network, which can control the release rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, and zinc ions (the release rate decreased from 80% to 30% within 7 days). Without these additions, the "burst release" of nutrients after fertilizer application led to root burn in the early stages, decreased root vitality, and nutrient deficiency in the later stages, reducing the dry leaf yield per acre from 260 kg to 190 kg. Simultaneously, selenium and zinc ions were lost with excess water, reducing their utilization rate; selenium content decreased from 0.09 mg / kg to 0.06 mg / kg, and zinc content decreased from 2.6 mg / kg to 1.7 mg / kg. This nutrient burst also resulted in excessively high local soil salinity, decreased stress resistance, and an increase in the incidence of pests and diseases to 4.8%.

[0139] Comparative Example 4 omitted malic acid. Malic acid can stabilize the soil pH at 6.0-6.5 and promote the conversion of selenium and zinc from their complexed state to their absorbable state. After omitting malic acid, the soil pH fluctuated, and selenium and zinc ions existed in the form of precipitation, resulting in a decrease in absorption rate. The selenium content decreased from 0.09 mg / kg to 0.065 mg / kg, and the zinc content decreased from 2.6 mg / kg to 1.9 mg / kg. Although the supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was basically normal, the lack of selenium and zinc led to a reduction in the accumulation of photosynthetic components, and the yield of dry leaves per mu decreased from 260 kg to 220 kg.

[0140] Comparative Example 5 was replaced with ordinary NPK compound fertilizer. Ordinary NPK compound fertilizer lacks the humic acid, Artemisia argyi extract A / B, selenium and zinc elements and slow-release system of this invention, and cannot achieve nutrient synergy and functional enhancement, resulting in no selenium and zinc supplementation and complete loss of selenium and zinc enrichment function; it also lacks the pest and disease control effect of Artemisia argyi extract A, the incidence of aphids and spider mites increased from 2.0% to 12.0%, the leaves were severely damaged, and the lack of slow-release system led to nutrient loss, and the yield of dry leaves per mu decreased from 260 kg to 170 kg, which is only 65% ​​of that in Example 1.

[0141] In Comparative Example 6, the application of Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer was omitted when applying base fertilizer. Base fertilizer (Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer) is the core nutrient source for seedling establishment and early growth after transplanting, forming a "fast-acting + long-lasting" nutrient pool in synergy with well-rotted organic fertilizer. After omitting it, the seedling establishment period was prolonged by 10 days due to nutrient deficiency after transplanting, root development was poor, and early growth was insufficient. Although topdressing later could partially compensate, overall biomass accumulation was insufficient, and the yield of dry leaves per mu decreased from 260 kg to 205 kg. At the same time, insufficient nutrients in the early stage led to a weak foundation for selenium and zinc absorption, with selenium content decreasing from 0.09 mg / kg to 0.075 mg / kg and zinc content decreasing from 2.6 mg / kg to 2.2 mg / kg.

[0142] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A fertilizer for planting Artemisia argyi, characterized in that, It is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts humic acid, 5-8 parts amino acids, 2-3 parts Artemisia argyi extract A, 3-5 parts Artemisia argyi extract B, 15-20 parts NPK compound fertilizer, 0.01-0.03 parts sodium selenite, 0.02-0.05 parts zinc sulfate, 0.3-0.5 parts cellulose nanocrystals, 0.01-0.03 parts malic acid, and 0.1-0.2 parts sodium alginate; The Artemisia argyi extract A is Artemisia argyi essential oil, and the Artemisia argyi extract B is Artemisia argyi protein degradation product treated with cellulase and protease.

2. The Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Artemisia argyi extract A was prepared by steam distillation.

3. The Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the preparation of Artemisia argyi extract B, the amount of protease added is 0.5-1% of the weight of Artemisia argyi raw material, and the amount of cellulase added is 0.3-0.5% of the weight of Artemisia argyi raw material.

4. The Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is (1-2):1:

1.

5. The Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 13 parts humic acid, 6 parts amino acids, 2 parts Artemisia argyi extract A, 4 parts Artemisia argyi extract B, 18 parts nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.02 parts sodium selenite, 0.04 parts zinc sulfate, 0.4 parts cellulose nanocrystals, 0.01 parts malic acid and 0.2 parts sodium alginate.

6. A method for cultivating Artemisia argyi using the Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Select healthy mugwort seeds for seedling cultivation, and transplant the seedlings when they grow to 5-8cm. (2) Planting should be carried out with a plant spacing of 20-30cm and a row spacing of 40-50cm. Before planting, apply the Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer to the soil as base fertilizer, with an application rate of 100-150kg / mu. (3) Apply top dressing during the seedling stage, branching stage and 15-20 days before harvest of Artemisia argyi; (4) Regular irrigation, weeding and pest and disease control.

7. The method for planting Artemisia argyi using the fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (3), the fertilizer used for topdressing is the Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer. When applying topdressing, the Artemisia argyi planting fertilizer is diluted 200-300 times before application.

8. The method for planting Artemisia argyi using the fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that... The amount of topdressing during the seedling stage is 30-50 kg / mu, the amount of topdressing during the branching stage is 50-80 kg / mu, and the amount of topdressing before harvest is 40-60 kg / mu.

9. The method for planting Artemisia argyi using the fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (2), the base fertilizer is mixed with well-rotted organic fertilizer when it is applied.

10. The method for planting Artemisia argyi using the fertilizer according to claim 9, characterized in that, The amount of well-rotted organic fertilizer used is 1000-2000 kg / mu.

Images