Anti-icing nano modification material and application thereof in anti-icing wire

Abstract

The invention provides an anti-icing nano modification material and application thereof to an anti-icing wire, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of anti-icing wires. The invention relates to a preparation method of an anti-icing nano modification material, which comprises the following steps: respectively preparing super-hydrophobic nano SiO2 powder and super-hydrophobic porous diatomite powder, mixing the super-hydrophobic nano SiO2 powder and the super-hydrophobic porous diatomite powder in absolute ethyl alcohol, washing, and drying to obtain nano SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic powder; carrying out mechanical blending on the nano SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic powder and a nano whisker filler with a high length-diameter ratio to obtain a composite super-hydrophobic blend; and mixing the composite super-hydrophobic blending material with perfluorinated modified polyurethane resin and butyl acetate, and uniformly stirring to obtain the anti-icing nano modification material. The anti-icing nano modification material provided by the invention has excellent anti-icing performance, excellent wear resistance and long-term durability, and is particularly suitable for preparing anti-icing wires.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of anti-icing wire preparation, and particularly relates to an anti-icing nano-modified material and application thereof to anti-icing wires. BACKGROUND

[0002] In winter, outdoor facilities such as high-voltage transmission wires, iron towers, wind turbine blades, aircraft wings and communication base stations are exposed to cold and humid environments, and their surfaces are prone to icing. This icing phenomenon can cause many hazards. For example, icing of wires can increase the load, leading to increased sag, line dancing, and even major accidents such as wire breakage and tower collapse, which seriously threaten the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Icing on the surface of an aircraft can change the aerodynamic shape and affect flight safety. Icing on the blades of a wind turbine can reduce aerodynamic efficiency, resulting in a significant decrease in power generation, and ice shedding can also cause safety accidents.

[0003] Currently, common anti-icing technologies mainly include active deicing technology and passive anti-icing technology. Active deicing technology includes thermal ice melting, mechanical deicing and chemical solvent deicing, and the operating principle is usually to first freeze and then remove the ice, which necessarily requires a large amount of external energy input, resulting in high energy consumption and high operating costs. For example, thermal ice melting requires the addition of complex equipment systems such as large-current ice melting devices, robots and electromagnetic pulse generators, which increases the system complexity and results in high initial investment and maintenance costs. Mechanical deicing breaks the ice layer through physical impact, vibration and other methods, and the acting force may exceed the fatigue limit of the substrate or the original structure, which poses a potential risk of mechanical damage and may shorten the service life of the equipment.

[0004] Passive anti-icing technology mainly reduces the adhesion of ice or delays the icing process by surface treatment (modification) of the material. Currently, superhydrophobic coatings are mainly used, and their anti-icing efficiency depends on the micro-nano structure and extremely low surface energy of the coating surface. For example, CN120464285A discloses a photo-thermal superhydrophobic multifunctional anti-icing coating as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The photo-thermal superhydrophobic multifunctional anti-icing coating comprises a primer and a topcoat, and the primer and the topcoat respectively comprise the following raw materials in parts by weight: primer: bisphenol A type epoxy resin and / or fluorine-modified epoxy resin 20-25 parts, fluorine-modified polyacrylic acid resin and / or polyurethane resin 10-20 parts, curing agent 5-10 parts, solvent 40-55 parts; topcoat: polytetrafluoroethylene 2-5 parts, soluble polytetrafluoroethylene 1-3 parts, polydimethylsiloxane 1-5 parts, fluorinated MOF dispersion liquid 85-90 parts. The anti-icing coating has good hydrophobicity and adhesion, enabling the aluminum wire to have anti-icing function.

[0005] However, the current super-hydrophobic coating generally has the problems of insufficient mechanical damage resistance and environmental durability, and is difficult to meet the service requirements of the ice-prevention conductor. Firstly, the conductor needs to pass through the traction field, tension field and numerous pulleys during erection, and will experience obvious friction. The existing super-hydrophobic coating will fall off due to friction during stringing because of insufficient mechanical damage resistance. Secondly, the design service life of the power transmission line is generally more than 20 years, and the problem of insufficient environmental durability will cause the super-hydrophobic coating to lose the ice-prevention ability during service due to raindrop erosion, ultraviolet aging, thermal cycling and the like.

[0006] In summary, the active ice-prevention technology generally has the problems of high energy consumption, complex system and large interference to the equipment operation, and the passive ice-prevention super-hydrophobic coating has the problems of insufficient mechanical damage resistance and durability, and needs to be improved. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide an ice-prevention nano-modified material which has excellent ice-prevention performance, strong mechanical damage resistance and long-term durability, and is particularly suitable for the preparation of ice-prevention conductors.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: a preparation method of an ice-prevention nano-modified material, comprising the following steps: S1, respectively preparing super-hydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder and super-hydrophobic porous diatomite powder, mixing, washing and drying the super-hydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder and the super-hydrophobic porous diatomite powder in anhydrous ethanol to obtain nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic powder; S2, mechanically blending the nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic powder with high-aspect-ratio nanowhisker fillers to obtain a composite super-hydrophobic blend; S3, mixing the composite super-hydrophobic blend with perfluorinated modified polyurethane resin and butyl acetate, and stirring uniformly to obtain the ice-prevention nano-modified material.

[0009] Optionally, the mass ratio of the super-hydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder to the super-hydrophobic porous diatomite powder is (10-12):1. This ratio ensures that the diatomite has enough pores and surface to adsorb and carry the nano-SiO2, which can provide effective repair material during wear and avoid affecting the mechanical strength of the modified layer due to excessive diatomite. The mass ratio of the nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic powder to the nanowhisker filler is (2.5-3):1. Under this ratio, a stable and dense three-dimensional network whisker structure is formed, which can fully wrap and protect the composite super-hydrophobic particles. A ratio that is too high or too low is not conducive to the super-hydrophobic performance or the formation of an effective reinforcing structure.

[0010] The mass ratio of the composite super-hydrophobic blend, the perfluorinated modified polyurethane resin and butyl acetate is 1:(1-5):10.

[0011] Optionally, the preparation method of the super-hydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder comprises: dispersing nano-SiO2 powder in anhydrous ethanol, adding tridecafluoro octyl triethoxysilane, water bath reaction, centrifugation, cleaning, drying, and obtaining the super-hydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder.

[0012] Optionally, the mass ratio of the nano-SiO2 powder and the tridecafluoro octyl triethoxysilane is 10:(1-2).

[0013] Optionally, the preparation method of the super-hydrophobic porous diatomite powder comprises: dispersing diatomite powder in anhydrous ethanol, adding tridecafluoro octyl triethoxysilane, water bath reaction, centrifugation, cleaning, drying, and obtaining the super-hydrophobic porous diatomite powder.

[0014] Optionally, the mass ratio of the diatomite powder and the tridecafluoro octyl triethoxysilane is 10:(0.3-0.6).

[0015] Optionally, the nano-whisker filler is at least one of four needle-shaped zinc oxide whiskers, attapulgite, aluminum oxide whiskers and silicon carbide whiskers, and the nano-whisker filler is used to improve the wear resistance, scratch resistance and overall toughness of the coating.

[0016] The application further provides an anti-icing nano-modified material prepared by the above preparation method, which has the functions of strong mechanical damage resistance, good durability, super-hydrophobicity and anti-icing.

[0017] An anti-icing nano-modified material is coated on the surface of a substrate and solidified to form.

[0018] Optionally, the anti-icing nano-modified material comprises a three-dimensional network structure formed by the mutual interweaving of nano-whisker fillers, and nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic particles wrapped in the three-dimensional network structure.

[0019] The application further provides application of the above anti-icing nano-modified material in preparation of an anti-icing modified layer on the surface of a wire with a gradient micro-nano structure.

[0020] The anti-icing conductor wire comprises a conductor wire base body, gradient micro-nano structures arranged on the surface of the conductor wire base body, and an anti-icing modification layer coated on the surface of the gradient micro-nano structures, wherein the thickness of the anti-icing modification layer is 60-70 microns.

[0021] Optionally, the gradient micro-nano structures are formed by a femtosecond laser etching method, a mold imprinting method, a sandblasting treatment method, an anodic oxidation method or a chemical etching method, and the average pore diameter of the micropores is between 5-800 microns.

[0022] The nano modification material is used for the conductor wire with gradient micro-nano structures, so that the gradient micro-nano structures on the surface of the conductor wire provide a basis for the super-hydrophobic modification layer, and the two exhibit extremely strong adhesion and excellent wear resistance and wind and rain erosion resistance. By coating the nano modification material on the surface of the conductor wire, the super-hydrophobicity and self-cleaning property of the modification layer endow the conductor wire surface with the functions of delayed icing, reduced icing amount and easy ice removal, thereby improving the anti-icing capability of the power grid line equipment / facility, reducing the operation safety hazards of the equipment / facility during the icing period, reducing the operation burden of the equipment / facility, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the equipment / facility.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: The anti-icing nano modification material provided by the present application has excellent anti-icing performance, strong mechanical damage resistance and good durability, and is particularly suitable for the surface of the conductor wire with gradient micro-nano structures to prepare an anti-icing conductor wire.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the anti-icing nano modification material of the present application realizes the mutual adsorption and combination of specific components through physical adsorption and mechanical blending, has a simple process flow, low requirements for equipment and strong practicability. The present application uses a specific low-surface-energy substance, tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane, to modify the nanoparticles to reduce the interfacial bonding force between ice and the coating, and the reaction conditions are mild and compatible with subsequent steps.

[0025] The coating formed by the anti-icing nano modification material has super-hydrophobicity, and can assist in achieving the effects of delayed icing, reduced icing amount and reduced icing adhesion.

[0026] The existing super-hydrophobic coating usually simply disperses the nano material in resin, and when the coating starts to wear, the nano material is easily directly worn off, resulting in a sharp drop in hydrophobicity. The present application uses porous diatomite as a skeleton to adsorb super-hydrophobic nano SiO2. When the surface of the modification layer is mechanically damaged, the super-hydrophobic porous diatomite is first damaged and broken to release the super-hydrophobic nano SiO2 particles adsorbed therein to repair the damaged coating area, thereby realizing excellent mechanical damage resistance and long-term durability of the super-hydrophobic anti-icing nano modification layer and delaying the phenomenon of sharp drop in hydrophobicity caused by wear.

[0027] In addition, wind and rain erosion, ultraviolet aging and the like not only destroy the structure, but also degrade the low surface energy substance. The application introduces nanowhisker fillers with high aspect ratio, the nanowhisker fillers are intertwined with each other in the coating to form a three-dimensional network structure, the nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic particle is filled in the three-dimensional network structure and is protected; the nanowhisker fillers have another big effect of playing a role of fiber reinforcement, when an external sharp object meets the fiber structure, the nanowhisker fillers are blocked and energy is consumed, so that the mechanical properties of the super-hydrophobic anti-icing coating are improved.

[0028] Furthermore, the conventional super-hydrophobic anti-icing coating usually only considers the optimization of the performance of the coating itself, the application technology matches the gradient micro-nano structure on the wire substrate by regulating the size of various nano particles in the coating, the embedding and anchoring effect of the coating nano particles and the gradient micro-nano structure on the wire surface is formed, and the adhesion and wear resistance of the super-hydrophobic anti-icing coating to the wire are greatly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor.

[0030] Figure 1 : The synthesis principle diagram of the nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic powder of the present application; Figure 2 : The scanning electron microscope test result of the anti-icing modification layer of the present application; Figure 3 : The cross-sectional schematic diagram of the anti-icing nano modification material of the present application coated on the surface of the wire with micro-nano structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to better understand the present application, the following will further clarify the content of the present application combined with the embodiments, but the protection content of the present application is not limited to the following embodiments. In the following description, a large number of specific details are given in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present application. However, it is obvious for those skilled in the art that the present application can be implemented without one or more of these details.

[0032] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials are derived from commercially available products, and unless otherwise specified, do not contain other unspecified components other than unavoidable impurities.

[0033] In the following, the perfluorinated modified polyurethane resin is purchased from Shanghai Yituo Industrial Co., Ltd., and the model is CF-803 solvent type two-component fluorocarbon resin.

[0034] Example 1: Preparation of super-hydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder Take 10 g of nano-SiO2 powder and add it to 200 g of anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonic dispersion for 30 minutes to obtain a SiO2 suspension; mix 1.5 g of PFOTES with 5 g of deionized water and add it to the above suspension, stir and react in a 60°C water bath for 7 hours, centrifugal washing with anhydrous ethanol until the supernatant is clear and transparent, vacuum drying of the solid product at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain super-hydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder.

[0035] Example 2: Preparation of super-hydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder Take 10 g of nano-SiO2 powder and add it to 200 g of anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonic dispersion for 30 minutes to obtain a SiO2 suspension; mix 1 g of PFOTES with 5 g of deionized water and add it to the above suspension, stir and react in a 60°C water bath for 6 hours, centrifugal washing with anhydrous ethanol until the supernatant is clear and transparent, vacuum drying of the solid product at 60°C for 7 hours to obtain super-hydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder.

[0036] Example 3: Preparation of super-hydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder Take 10 g of nano-SiO2 powder and add it to 200 g of anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonic dispersion for 30 minutes to obtain a SiO2 suspension; mix 2 g of PFOTES with 5 g of deionized water and add it to the above suspension, stir and react in a 60°C water bath for 8 hours, centrifugal washing with anhydrous ethanol until the supernatant is clear and transparent, vacuum drying of the solid product at 60°C for 8 hours to obtain super-hydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder.

[0037] Example 4: Preparation of super-hydrophobic porous diatomite powder Take 10 g of micron-sized diatomite powder and add it to 200 g of anhydrous ethanol, high-speed (2000 rpm) stirring and dispersion for 30 minutes; mix 0.45 g of PFOTES with 5 g of deionized water and add it dropwise to the suspension, stir and react in a 60°C water bath for 7 hours; centrifugal washing with anhydrous ethanol until the supernatant is clear and transparent, vacuum drying of the solid product at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain super-hydrophobic porous diatomite powder.

[0038] Example 5: Preparation of super-hydrophobic porous diatomite powder Take 10 g of micron-sized diatomite powder and add it to 200 g of anhydrous ethanol, stirring at high speed (2000 rpm) for 30 minutes; mix 0.3 g of PFOTES with 5 g of deionized water and then add it dropwise to the suspension, stirring in a 60°C water bath for 6 hours; centrifugally wash with anhydrous ethanol until the supernatant is clear and transparent, and then vacuum dry the solid product at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain the super-hydrophobic porous diatomite powder.

[0039] Example 6: Preparation of super-hydrophobic porous diatomite powder Take 10 g of micron-sized diatomite powder and add it to 200 g of anhydrous ethanol, stirring at high speed (2000 rpm) for 30 minutes; mix 0.3 g of PFOTES with 5 g of deionized water and then add it dropwise to the suspension, stirring in a 60°C water bath for 6 hours; centrifugally wash with anhydrous ethanol until the supernatant is clear and transparent, and then vacuum dry the solid product at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain the super-hydrophobic porous diatomite powder.

[0040] The super-hydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder prepared in Examples 1-3 and the super-hydrophobic porous diatomite powder prepared in Examples 4-6 are used to prepare an anti-icing nano-modified material, and the specific implementation is as follows.

[0041] Example 7: Preparation of an anti-icing nano-modified material Take 12 g of super-hydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder (Example 1) and 1 g of super-hydrophobic porous diatomite powder (Example 4), add them to 200 g of anhydrous ethanol, and slowly stir at 40°C and 200 r / min for 6 hours, centrifugally wash, and vacuum dry at 60°C for 6 hours to obtain nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic powder; Take 2.5 g of nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic powder and 1 g of alumina nanowhisker filler (length 500 nm, diameter 30 nm), mix for 60 minutes to obtain a blended material; Take 1 g of the blended material, 3 g of a perfluorinated modified polyurethane resin, and 10 g of butyl acetate, mix them, and then strongly stir for 30 minutes to obtain an anti-icing nano-modified material, which is denoted as A.

[0042] Figure 1 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the synthesis mechanism of the nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic powder. The super-hydrophobic porous diatomite and the super-hydrophobic nano-silica particles are combined together by physical adsorption to form the nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic powder particles.

[0043] Example 8: Preparation of an anti-icing nano-modified material Take 12 g of super-hydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder (Example 2) and 1 g of super-hydrophobic porous diatomite powder (Example 5), add to 200 g of anhydrous ethanol, slowly stir at 40 °C and 200 r / min for 6 hours, centrifugal washing, vacuum drying at 60 °C for 6 hours, to obtain nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic powder; Take 2.8 g of nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic powder and 1 g of four-needle zinc oxide whisker (length 600 nm, diameter 40 nm), mix for 60 minutes, to obtain a blended material; Take 1 g of the blended material, 1 g of perfluoro-modified polyurethane resin, and 10 g of butyl acetate, mix, and then strongly stir for 25 minutes, to obtain an anti-icing nano-modified material, marked as B.

[0044] Example 9: Preparation of an anti-icing nano-modified material Take 12 g of super-hydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder (Example 3) and 1 g of super-hydrophobic porous diatomite powder (Example 6), add to 200 g of anhydrous ethanol, slowly stir at 40 °C and 200 r / min for 6 hours, centrifugal washing, vacuum drying at 60 °C for 6 hours, to obtain nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic powder; Take 3 g of nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic powder and 1 g of silicon carbide whisker (length 300 nm, diameter 20 nm), mix for 60 minutes, to obtain a blended material; Take 1 g of the blended material, 5 g of perfluoro-modified polyurethane resin, and 10 g of butyl acetate, mix, and then strongly stir for 30 minutes, to obtain an anti-icing nano-modified material, marked as C.

[0045] Example 10: Different from Example 7, replace the alumina nano-whisker filler with palygorskite, length 700 nm, diameter 50 nm, to obtain an anti-icing nano-modified material, marked as D.

[0046] Comparative Example 1: A method for preparing an anti-icing nano-modified material, different from Example 7 in that: take 2.5 g of super-hydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder (Example 1) and 1 g of alumina nano-whisker filler (length 500 nm, diameter 30 nm), mix for 60 minutes, to obtain a blended material; take 1 g of the blended material, 1.1 g of perfluoro-modified polyurethane resin, and 10 g of butyl acetate, mix, and then strongly stir for 30 minutes, to obtain an anti-icing nano-modified material, marked as E.

[0047] Comparative Example 2: A method for preparing an anti-icing nanomaterial, which differs from Example 7 in that: 2.5g of superhydrophobic porous diatomaceous earth powder (Example 4) and 1g of alumina nanocrystal filler (500nm in length and 30nm in diameter) are weighed and mixed for 60 minutes to obtain a blend; 1g of the blend, 1.1g of perfluorinated modified polyurethane resin, and 10g of butyl acetate are weighed, mixed, and stirred vigorously for 30 minutes to obtain the anti-icing nanomaterial, denoted as F.

[0048] Comparative Example 3: A method for preparing an anti-icing nanomaterial, which differs from Example 7 in that the preparation steps of alumina nanocrystal filler and blend are omitted; Weigh 1g of nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite superhydrophobic powder, 1.1g of perfluorinated modified polyurethane resin, and 10g of butyl acetate. Mix them and stir vigorously for 30 minutes to obtain an anti-icing nano-modified material, denoted as G.

[0049] The anti-icing nanomaterials prepared in Examples 7-10 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were coated on the surface of an aluminum alloy part (1 mm thick) with a micro-nano structure. The micro-nano structure of the part was prepared by femtosecond laser etching, with a surface roughness of 80 nm and a coating thickness of 60 micrometers. The test samples were used as test samples, and the code of the test samples corresponded to the code of the anti-icing nanomaterials.

[0050] Comparative Example 4: Using a smooth aluminum alloy part with a thickness of 1 mm and a surface roughness of 15 nm, the anti-icing nano-modification material prepared in Example 7 was coated on the surface of the part with a coating thickness of 60 micrometers, denoted as H, as a test sample.

[0051] All coatings used in the above experiments were dried and cured for 48 hours at 25°C and 50% relative humidity after completion.

[0052] The coating prepared for sample A was observed using a scanning electron microscope. For example... Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the white filaments are nano-whisker fillers, which intertwine to form a three-dimensional network structure. The small spheres are nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite superhydrophobic particles, which are evenly distributed in the gaps of the three-dimensional network structure.

[0053] Figure 3The schematic diagram of the cross section of the sample A coated on the surface of the micro-nano structured wire is shown in the figure. The blue part is the wire substrate, the triangular protrusions on the substrate are the micron-level protrusions, and the smaller nano-level protrusions on the micron-level protrusions form a gradient micro-nano rough structure. The red lines are the nanowhisker fillers, which interweave and form a three-dimensional network structure, and the bottom is embedded into the gradient micro-nano rough structure on the surface of the wire substrate. The nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic particles are embedded into the gaps or node areas of the three-dimensional network structure. In addition, the perfluorinated modified polyurethane resin is used as an adhesive in the coating to bond the nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic particles, nanowhisker fillers and the substrate together. Through the anchoring effect of the substrate on the whisker fibers, the fixing effect of the whisker fibers on the nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite super-hydrophobic particles, and the protection effect of the super-hydrophobic porous diatomite on the super-hydrophobic nano-SiO2, the durability of the coating is greatly improved through the triple protection mode, which is the key feature of the present application that distinguishes it from conventional super-hydrophobic anti-icing coatings.

[0054] Next, the content of the evaluation test is described.

[0055] 1. Contact angle test: According to GB / T30447-2013 "Nano film contact angle measurement method", the contact angle of the sample surface to water is measured by a contact angle measuring instrument, and the static contact angle is calculated and recorded.

[0056] 2. Adhesion test: According to GB / T9286-2021 "Color paint and varnish cross test", the cutting tool used is a manual single-edge cutting tool, and the grading results are recorded.

[0057] 3. Abrasion resistance test: A wear tester is used, with a load of 500g, and the number of rubs when the contact angle of the coating decreases to 150° is recorded.

[0058] 4. Ice adhesion strength test: The prepared sample is placed in a low temperature environment of-18℃ to freeze, the thickness of the prepared ice layer is 1cm, and the area is 14.4cm 2 . The ice adhesion strength test device is used to test the adhesion of ice on the test piece.

[0059] 5. Aging resistance test: According to GB / T1865-2009 "Color paint and varnish artificial climate aging and artificial radiation exposure filtered xenon arc radiation", a xenon arc radiation aging test box is used, the irradiation intensity is 0.51 W / m 2 (340 nm), the temperature is 65℃, the humidity is 50%, and the exposure time is 1000h. The result evaluation is carried out according to the method specified in GB / T1766-2008 "Color paint and varnish coating aging rating method".

[0060] The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0061] Table 1 test results of various properties of anti-icing nano-modified materials The results in Table 1 show that the samples A-D prepared by the present application all exhibit very high water contact angle of more than 155° and ice adhesion strength of less than 35 kPa, showing excellent superhydrophobic and anti-icing properties; at the same time, the abrasion resistance is > 130 times, the adhesion is 0 grade, and excellent mechanical durability and adhesion are exhibited.

[0062] The coating of sample E does not use superhydrophobic porous diatomite, and the abrasion resistance decreases sharply, and the ice adhesion strength increases, and the performance decays rapidly, indicating that the superhydrophobic porous diatomite is crucial to the superhydrophobicity and anti-icing performance of the coating. The coating of sample F does not use superhydrophobic nano-SiO2, and the overall performance is worse than that of sample A, indicating that the superhydrophobic nano-SiO2 of the present application plays an important role in the adhesion, abrasion resistance and anti-icing of the coating. The abrasion resistance of sample G (Comparative Example 3) is poor, and the ice adhesion strength increases, indicating that the nanowhisker filler of the present application and the raw materials in the system synergistically play a significant role in increasing adhesion and abrasion resistance. Sample H uses a smooth substrate instead of a gradient micro-nano structure substrate, and the adhesion and abrasion resistance of the coating decrease. The above test results show that the components in the coating of the present application synergize with each other and cooperate with the micro-nano structure of the substrate, achieving the technical effects of anti-icing and long-term durability of the product.

[0063] In summary, the present application uses micron-sized porous diatomite to adsorb superhydrophobic nano-SiO2 to form nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite superhydrophobic particles, and uses nanowhisker fillers with high aspect ratio such as four needle-shaped zinc oxide, attapulgite, alumina whisker, silicon carbide whisker, etc. as reinforcing phase, and the nanowhisker fillers and the nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite superhydrophobic particles are interwoven and embedded together by mechanical blending. The nanowhisker fillers wrap the nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite superhydrophobic particles while anchoring and embedding into the gradient micro-nano structure of the wire at the bottom, giving the coating excellent abrasion resistance, erosion resistance and aging resistance, so that it can maintain stable superhydrophobicity and anti-icing performance in harsh outdoor environments for a long time, with remarkable effects.

[0064] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and not to limit it, and other modifications or equivalent replacements of the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present application as long as they do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an anti-icing nanomaterial, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Superhydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder and superhydrophobic porous diatomite powder are prepared separately. The superhydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder and superhydrophobic porous diatomite powder are mixed, washed and dried in anhydrous ethanol to obtain nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite superhydrophobic powder. S2. The nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite superhydrophobic powder is mechanically blended with high aspect ratio nano-whisker filler to obtain a composite superhydrophobic blend. S3. Mix the composite superhydrophobic blend with perfluorinated modified polyurethane resin and butyl acetate, and stir until uniform to obtain the nano-modified material.

2. The preparation method of the anti-icing nanomaterial as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the superhydrophobic nano-SiO2 powder to the superhydrophobic porous diatomaceous earth powder is (10~12):1; The mass ratio of the nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite superhydrophobic powder to the nano-whisker filler is (2.5~3):1; The mass ratio of the composite superhydrophobic blend, perfluorinated modified polyurethane resin, and butyl acetate is 1:(1~5):

10.

3. The preparation method of the anti-icing nanomaterial as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the superhydrophobic nano SiO2 powder includes: dispersing nano SiO2 powder in anhydrous ethanol, adding tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane, reacting in a water bath, centrifuging, washing, and drying to obtain superhydrophobic nano SiO2 powder. The mass ratio of the nano-SiO2 powder to tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane is 10:(1~2).

4. The preparation method of the anti-icing nanomaterial as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the superhydrophobic porous diatomite powder includes: dispersing diatomite powder in anhydrous ethanol, adding tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane, reacting in a water bath, centrifuging, washing, and drying to obtain superhydrophobic porous diatomite powder. The mass ratio of the diatomaceous earth powder to tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane is 10:(0.3~0.6).

5. The preparation method of the anti-icing nanomaterial as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The nano-whisker filler is at least one of tetraneedle zinc oxide whiskers, attapulgite, alumina whiskers, and silicon carbide whiskers. The length of the nanocrystal filler is 300nm-700nm and the diameter is ≤50nm.

6. The anti-icing nanomaterial prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-5.

7. The anti-icing nanomaterial prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-5, or the anti-icing nanomaterial as described in claim 6, in the preparation of anti-icing wires.

8. The application of the anti-icing nanomaterial as described in claim 7 in the preparation of anti-icing wires, characterized in that: The anti-icing nanomaterial is coated onto the surface of the conductor and cured to form an anti-icing layer, the thickness of which is 60-70 μm.

9. The application of the anti-icing nanomaterial as described in claim 8 in the preparation of anti-icing wires, characterized in that: The anti-icing modification layer includes: a three-dimensional network structure formed by interwoven nano-whisker fillers; and nano-SiO2 / diatomite composite superhydrophobic particles encapsulated in the three-dimensional network structure.

10. The application of the anti-icing nanomaterial as described in claim 9 in the preparation of anti-icing wires, characterized in that: The conductor includes: a conductor substrate, a gradient micro / nano structure disposed on the surface of the conductor substrate, and an anti-icing modification layer coated on the surface of the gradient micro / nano structure.

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