Teaching appliance for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fracture

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical teaching aids, and discloses a teaching aid for simulating distal radius fracture manual reduction, which comprises a first fixing block, a second fixing block, a fixing rod and a simulated radius, an adjusting assembly and a moving rod are arranged in the fixing rod in a penetrating manner and are connected through an extension spring, and a connecting rod at the tail end of the moving rod is hinged to a rotating rod. The rotating rod is arranged in the first fixing block in a penetrating mode, the elasticity adjusting set of the rotating rod comprises an adjusting rod, an elastic rope and a U-shaped block, the tail end of the adjusting rod is connected with the elastic rope, and the elastic rope penetrates out of the rotating rod and then is connected with the connecting rod; an unlocking assembly is arranged in the first fixing block in a penetrating mode, and the simulated broken bone is arranged on the first fixing block. By rotating the rotating rod and the connecting rod, the position of the simulated broken bone relative to the simulated radius is changed, and different clinical fracture conditions are reproduced; by pulling the adjusting rod, pulling force provided by the elastic rope is changed, different force feedbacks are provided, more real conditions are simulated, and the training effect is better.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical teaching aids technology, and in particular to a teaching device for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures. Background Technology

[0002] Distal radius fractures are very common clinically, accounting for about 1 / 10 of all fractures. They are more common in older individuals, and in young adults, they are usually caused by severe trauma. The fracture occurs within 2-3 cm of the distal radius. The resulting arm deformity can be classified according to the direction of bone displacement: the "silver fork" deformity caused by palmar-dorsolateral displacement and the "bayonet" deformity caused by radial displacement. For this type of radial fracture, clinicians mostly use appropriate reduction techniques to reduce the broken bone. Manual reduction treatment of radial fractures requires rich experience and skilled reduction techniques, which are usually accumulated gradually through a large amount of clinical experience. For medical students, accumulating a large amount of clinical experience is difficult, and they usually practice through simulation using teaching aids. However, at present, there are few teaching aids for distal radius fractures. They are usually conventional forearm models, which cannot accurately reproduce the palmar-dorsolateral and radial displacement of the broken bone after a distal radius fracture. At the same time, they cannot provide different reduction resistances, so medical students cannot feel the resistance from bone crepitus and soft tissue tension during the reduction process, resulting in poor practice effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a teaching device for distal radius fractures that can better simulate different fracture conditions and provide different resistances to meet the needs of medical students and achieve better training results. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to provide a teaching device for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures, in order to solve the problems of current teaching devices being unable to reproduce different fracture conditions and unable to provide different force feedback, resulting in poor training effects.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A teaching device simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures includes a first fixation block, a second fixation block, a fixation rod, and a simulated radius. Both the fixation rod and the simulated radius are mounted on the second fixation block. An adjustment assembly and a movable rod are respectively inserted within the fixation rod and connected by a tension spring. The end of the movable rod passes through a connecting rod, which is hinged to a rotating rod. The rotating rod passes through the first fixation block and contains an elastic adjustment assembly. The elastic adjustment assembly includes an adjustment rod, an elastic rope, and a U-shaped block. A compression spring is installed within the cavity of the rotating rod and is connected to the closed portion of the U-shaped block. An oblique toothed block is installed in the open portion of the U-shaped block, engaging within an oblique toothed groove. The oblique tooth groove is opened on the adjusting rod, and the end of the adjusting rod is connected to the elastic rope. The elastic rope passes through the rotating rod and is connected to the connecting rod. The first rack and the second rack are respectively installed in the cavity inside the rotating rod. A return spring is set at one end of the first rack, and an inclined block is set on one side of it. The inclined block is located between two sets of U-shaped blocks. The first rack and the second rack are both meshed with the reversing gear set. The second rack is located in the through groove inside the first rack. The two are perpendicular to each other and on the same cross section. An unlocking component is installed in the first fixing block. One end of the unlocking component is aligned with the first rack, and the other end is inserted into the simulated fracture bone. The simulated fracture bone is set on the first fixing block and is located at one end of the simulated radius.

[0006] Furthermore, the adjustment assembly includes an adjustment block and a lead screw. The end of the lead screw is rotatably fixed. One end of the lead screw is equipped with a wheel, and the other end passes through the adjustment block. The adjustment block is connected to a tension spring.

[0007] Furthermore, a positioning pin and a positioning spring are respectively installed inside the first fixing block. The positioning spring is sleeved on the positioning pin, and the bottom end of the positioning pin passes through the positioning hole on the rotating rod.

[0008] Furthermore, the unlocking component includes a first ejector pin and a second ejector pin. A limiting spring is fitted on the second ejector pin, and the second ejector pin is aligned with the first rack. The second ejector pin and the first ejector pin are connected by a connecting rod. The first ejector pin is inserted into the simulated fracture bone, and a push rod is inserted into the simulated radius bone. After the simulated fracture bone and the simulated radius bone are fully connected, the push rod is coaxial with the first ejector pin.

[0009] Furthermore, a hand simulation part is provided on the first fixing block, and a forearm simulation sleeve is fitted between the first fixing block and the second fixing block. The forearm simulation sleeve is available in transparent and non-transparent versions.

[0010] The principles and beneficial effects of the technical solution are as follows:

[0011] This invention provides a teaching device for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures. By rotating the rotating rod and connecting rod, the rotation direction of the rotating rod relative to the fixed rod can be changed, thus achieving vertical and horizontal rotation of the first fixation block. This alters the position of the simulated fracture relative to the simulated radius. Vertical rotation simulates the "silver fork" deformity caused by palmar-dorsolateral displacement of the fracture, while horizontal rotation simulates the "bayonet-like" deformity caused by radial displacement, thereby reproducing different fracture conditions in clinical practice. By pulling the adjusting rod, the elastic rope can be extended, and under the action of the compressed spring and U-shaped block, the fracture can be reduced... The adjusting rod is locked in place. Pulling the adjusting rod to different positions changes the tension provided by the elastic rope, thus providing different levels of force feedback. This avoids training with a single intensity. When the elastic rope is stretched, it provides greater tension, causing the rotating rod on the connecting rod to rotate around the hinge towards the side of the elastic rope with greater tension. This simulates and maintains the deformity of the hand after a fracture. Furthermore, when the medical student performs reduction, the tension provided by the elastic rope counteracts the force applied by the medical student, simulating the force feedback provided by muscle and soft tissue tension. This simulates a more realistic situation, resulting in better training effects. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a teaching device for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures according to the present invention (displacement state of the fractured bone on the palmar and dorsal sides).

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of a teaching device for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures according to the present invention.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the rotating rod and the first fixing block of a teaching device for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures according to the present invention.

[0015] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the fixation rod in a teaching device for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures according to the present invention.

[0016] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic adjustment group in a teaching device for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the first fixation block in a teaching device for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the reduction state of a teaching device for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the radial displacement state of the fracture bone in a teaching device for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the overall external structure of a teaching device for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures according to the present invention.

[0021] The corresponding labels in the attached diagram are named as follows: 1. Fixing block No. 1; 101. Positioning pin; 102. Positioning spring; 103. Hand simulation part; 2. Fixing block No. 2; 201. Forearm simulation sleeve; 3. Fixing rod; 301. Moving rod; 302. Tension spring; 303. Adjusting block; 304. Lead screw; 4. Rotating rod; 401. Connecting rod; 5. Simulated radius; 501. Top rod; 6. Simulated fracture; 601. Top pin No. 1; 602. Connecting rod; 603. Top pin No. 2; 604. Limiting spring; 7. Elastic adjustment group; 701. Adjusting rod; 702. Helical tooth groove; 703. Elastic rope; 704. U-shaped block; 705. Compression spring; 706. Inclined block; 707. Rack No. 1; 708. Rack No. 2; 709. Reversing gear group; 710. Helical tooth block; 711. Return spring. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0023] like Figures 1-9As shown, a teaching device simulating manual reduction of distal radius fracture includes a first fixation block 1, a second fixation block 2, a fixation rod 3, and a simulated radius 5. Both the fixation rod 3 and the simulated radius 5 are mounted on the second fixation block 2, and the simulated radius 5 is flexibly connected to the second fixation block 2, allowing it to bend slightly relative to the second fixation block 2. An adjustment component and a movable rod 301 are respectively inserted into the fixation rod 3, and the two are connected by a tension spring 302. The end of the movable rod 301 is inserted into a connecting rod 401, which can rotate around an axis at the end of the movable rod 301. The connecting rod 401 is hinged to a rotating rod 4, which is inserted into the first fixation block 1. Inside, the rotating rod 4 can rotate around its axis within the first fixed block 1. A spring adjustment group 7 is installed inside the rotating rod 4. The spring adjustment group 7 includes an adjustment rod 701, a spring rope 703, and a U-shaped block 704. Two sets of the adjustment rod 701, spring rope 703, and U-shaped block 704 are arranged opposite each other. A compression spring 705 is installed inside the cavity of the rotating rod 4. The compression spring 705 is connected to the closed portion of the U-shaped block 704. A helical tooth block 710 is installed in the open portion of the U-shaped block 704. The helical tooth block 710 engages in the helical tooth groove 702, which is located on the adjustment rod 701. The compression spring 705 ensures that the helical tooth block 710 is always engaged in the helical tooth groove 702. The adjustment rod 701 can slide unidirectionally relative to the inclined tooth groove 702, allowing the user to easily pull the adjustment rod 701. After releasing, the adjustment rod 701 automatically locks and will not spring back. The end of the adjustment rod 701 is connected to the elastic rope 703, which passes through the rotating rod 4 and connects to the connecting rod 401. A first rack 707 and a second rack 708 are slidably inserted into the cavity inside the rotating rod 4. A return spring 711 is provided at one end of the first rack 707. The return spring 711 causes the first rack 707 to automatically return to its original position after being pushed, preventing the inclined block 706 from constantly pressing the two sets of U-shaped blocks 704 and preventing the two sets of racks from moving arbitrarily. An inclined block 706 is provided on one side of the inclined surface. Block 706 is located between two sets of U-shaped blocks 704. Rack 707 and rack 708 are each meshed with a gear on the reversing gear set 709, so that when one rack is pushed, the two move synchronously toward the axis of the rotating rod 4. Rack 708 is located in the through groove of rack 707. The two are perpendicular to each other and on the same cross section, so that after the rotating rod 4 rotates 90°, rack 708 can be aligned with the unlocking component. The unlocking component is installed in the first fixing block 1. One end of the unlocking component is aligned with rack 707, and the other end is installed in the simulated fracture bone 6. The simulated fracture bone 6 is set on the first fixing block 1 and is located at one end of the simulated radius 5.

[0024] Before using the teaching aid, the doctor can rotate the rotating rod 4 and the connecting rod 401 so that the two sets of adjusting rods 701 and the elastic rope 703 are parallel or perpendicular to the first fixing block 1. Then, pull one of the adjusting rods 701 to extend the elastic rope 703. When the elastic rope 703 is extended, it provides a greater rebound force. Pull the rotating rod 4 to rotate around the hinge of the connecting rod 401 to the side with greater force. After releasing the adjusting rod 701, under the action of the compression spring 705, the helical tooth block 710 on the U-shaped block 704 is always engaged in the helical tooth groove 70. Within 2, the adjusting rod 701 is locked and fixed, so that the two sets of elastic ropes 703 maintain different tensions, thereby causing the rotating rod 4 to drive the first fixing block 1 and the simulated broken bone 6 and simulated radius 5 on it to be in a misaligned state, simulating the deformity of the back of the hand after a distal radius 5 fracture. By changing the direction of the rotating rod 4 and changing the elasticity of the elastic ropes 703 through the adjusting rod 701, different fracture conditions and the resistance brought by different soft tissue and muscle tensions are simulated, which is more in line with the realism of clinical operation and improves the training effect.

[0025] When the two sets of rotating rods 4 rotate to the point where the two sets of adjusting rods 701 and elastic rope 703 are perpendicular to the first fixing block 1, the simulated broken bone 6 on the teaching aid is in a palmar-dorsolateral displacement state, thus simulating the "silver fork" deformity state after a hand fracture. At this time, the first fixing block 1 can rotate vertically. When medical students practice reduction techniques, two assistants first hold the first fixing block 1 and the second fixing block 2 respectively and pull them in opposite directions, causing the moving rod 301 to extend out of the fixing rod 3. The tension spring 302 is stretched, providing elasticity and simulating human soft tissue. With the resistance provided by the muscles, the simulated fracture 6 is pulled until it is completely separated from the simulated radius 5. The surgeon then places the index, middle and ring fingers of both hands on the palmar side of the simulated radius 5 (the side roughly parallel to the patient's palm) and lifts the simulated radius 5 upward. At the same time, the two thumbs are placed side by side against the back of the simulated fracture 6 (the side roughly parallel to the back of the patient's hand) and squeezed towards the palmar side. This causes the rotating rod 4 to rotate vertically around the hinge of the connecting rod 401, thereby causing the first fixing block 1 to move the simulated fracture 6 towards the palmar side, so as to align with the simulated radius 5 and complete the manual reduction.

[0026] When the two sets of rotating rods 4 are rotated until the two sets of adjusting rods 701 and elastic ropes 703 are parallel to the first fixing block 1, the simulated broken bone 6 on the teaching aid is in a radial displacement state, thus simulating the "bayonet-like" deformity state after a hand fracture. At this time, the first fixing block 1 can rotate horizontally. When medical students practice the reduction technique, two assistants first hold the first fixing block 1 and the second fixing block 2 respectively and pull them in opposite directions to separate the simulated broken bone 6 from the simulated radius 5. Then the surgeon holds the bone with one hand. Simulate the distal 1 / 3 of the radius 5 and the fixation rod 3. Simulate the actual operation by holding the patient's forearm and pushing it towards the radial side (radial direction, the side closer to the patient's thumb). Simulate the operator's other hand by holding the first fixation block 1 and pushing it towards the ulnar side (ulnar direction, the side closer to the patient's little finger). This causes the rotating rod 4 to rotate horizontally around the hinge of the connecting rod 401, thereby causing the first fixation block 1 to move the simulated fracture bone 6 towards the ulnar side and align with the simulated radius 5 to complete the manual reduction.

[0027] When the manual reduction is completed, the simulated fracture 6 and the simulated radius 5 are properly aligned. Under the action of the tension spring 302, the moving rod 301 maintains its tendency to move inward towards the fixed rod 3, thus ensuring that the simulated fracture 6 is firmly aligned with the simulated radius 5. At this time, pushing the unlocking component will move either the first rack 707 or the second rack 708, causing the inclined block 706 to press against the two sets of U-shaped blocks 704. This causes the inclined tooth block 710 to separate from the inclined tooth groove 702 on the adjusting rod 701, releasing the lock on the adjusting rod 701. The adjusting rod 701 is then reset under the action of the elastic rope 703, allowing the two sets of elastic ropes 703 to return to their original state, maintaining elastic balance, and preventing the rotating rod 4 from rotating around the hinge of the connecting rod 401. This keeps the teaching aid in a normal state, simulating the normal state of a human hand, reminding the practitioner that the manual reduction is in place. If the unlocking component cannot be pushed, it indicates that the simulated fracture 6 and the simulated radius 5 are not fully aligned, and the reduction is not complete. The practitioner is then reminded to continue practicing the manual reduction.

[0028] In this embodiment, the adjustment component includes an adjustment block 303 and a lead screw 304. The lead screw 304 is rotatably mounted at the end of the fixed rod 3, and can only rotate, not move. One end of the lead screw 304 is equipped with a wheel, and the other end passes through the adjustment block 303, which can only move, not rotate. The adjustment block 303 is connected to a tension spring 302. Rotating the lead screw 304, under the action of the thread, drives the adjustment block 303 to move, thereby changing the length of the tension spring 302, stretching or relaxing it. This allows the tension spring 302 to provide different levels of tension, simulating the resistance caused by the muscle tension of different patients, making the teaching aid conform to real-life situations.

[0029] In this embodiment, a positioning pin 101 and a positioning spring 102 are respectively provided in the first fixing block 1. The positioning spring 102 is sleeved on the positioning pin 101, and the bottom end of the positioning pin 101 passes through the positioning hole on the rotating rod 4. Under the action of the positioning spring 102, the positioning pin 101 is always located in the positioning hole on the surface of the rotating rod 4, thereby fixing the rotating rod 4 and preventing it from rotating arbitrarily, which would affect the operator's operation. When it is necessary to rotate the rotating rod 4 to simulate different fracture conditions, it is only necessary to lift the positioning pin 101 to release the locking of the rotating rod 4, so that the operator can easily make adjustments.

[0030] In this embodiment, the unlocking component includes a first ejector pin 601 and a second ejector pin 603. A limiting spring 604 is sleeved on the second ejector pin 603, and the second ejector pin 603 is aligned with the first rack 707. The second ejector pin 603 and the first ejector pin 601 are connected by a connecting rod 602. The first ejector pin 601 is inserted into the simulated fracture bone 6, and a push rod 501 is inserted into the simulated radius bone 5. After the simulated fracture bone 6 and the simulated radius bone 5 are fully connected, the push rod 501 and the first ejector pin 601 are coaxial. Under the action of the limiting spring 604, the second thimble 603 remains within the first fixing block 1, preventing interference with the rotation of the rotating rod 4. After the manual reduction is in place, the surgeon pushes the thimble 501 at the end of the simulated radius 5, which inserts into the simulated fracture 6 and moves the first thimble 601. The first thimble 601, through the connecting rod 602, moves the second thimble 603, causing it to insert into the rotating rod 4 and push the first rack 707 (the teaching aid is located on the palmar and dorsal side of the fracture). When the simulated bone is in a displacement state, the second rack 708 (when the teaching aid is in a radial displacement state of the fracture bone) moves, thereby driving the inclined block 706 to move and squeeze the two sets of U-shaped blocks 704, so that the inclined tooth block 710 separates from the inclined tooth groove 702, releasing the lock on the adjusting rod 701, and allowing the elastic rope 703 to reset; if the manual reset is not completely in place, the simulated fracture bone 6 and the simulated radius 5 are not completely connected, and the top rod 501 is not coaxial with the first top pin 601, then it cannot be pushed and inserted into the simulated fracture bone 6.

[0031] In this embodiment, a hand simulation part 103 is provided on the first fixing block 1, and a forearm simulation sleeve 201 is fitted between the first fixing block 1 and the second fixing block 2. The forearm simulation sleeve 201 is available in transparent and non-transparent versions. The forearm simulation sleeve 201 is made of soft silicone. The hand simulation part 103 and the forearm simulation sleeve 201 make the entire teaching aid more realistic. In the early stages of practice, the transparent forearm simulation sleeve 201 can be used to allow medical students to observe the relative positions of the simulated fracture bone 6 and the simulated radius 5 inside the teaching aid for visual practice. After gradually becoming proficient, the non-transparent forearm simulation sleeve 201 can be used for blind operation practice to further improve manual reduction techniques.

[0032] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge regarding specific technical solutions or characteristics is not elaborated upon here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A teaching apparatus for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures, characterized in that: The device includes a first fixing block (1), a second fixing block (2), a fixing rod (3), and a simulated radius (5). Both the fixing rod (3) and the simulated radius (5) are mounted on the second fixing block (2). An adjustment assembly and a moving rod (301) are respectively installed inside the fixing rod (3), and the two are connected by a tension spring (302). The end of the moving rod (301) is inserted into a connecting rod (401). The connecting rod (401) is hinged to a rotating rod (4). The rotating rod (4) is inserted into the first fixing block (1). Inside the rotating rod (4), a spring adjustment group (7) is provided. The spring adjustment group (7) includes an adjustment rod (701), an elastic rope (703), and a U-shaped block (704). A compression spring (705) is provided inside the cavity of the rotating rod (4). The compression spring (705) is connected to the closed part of the U-shaped block (704). A helical tooth block (710) is provided in the open part of the U-shaped block (704). The helical tooth block (710) is engaged in the helical tooth groove (702). The helical tooth groove (702) is opened in the adjustment rod (701). On the lever (701), the end of the adjusting lever (701) is connected to the elastic rope (703). The elastic rope (703) passes through the rotating rod (4) and is connected to the connecting rod (401). A first rack (707) and a second rack (708) are respectively installed in the cavity inside the rotating rod (4). A return spring (711) is provided at one end of the first rack (707), and an inclined block (706) is provided on one side of it. The inclined block (706) is located between the two sets of U-shaped blocks (704). The first rack... Both the rack (707) and the second rack (708) mesh with the reversing gear set (709). The second rack (708) is located in the through groove of the first rack (707). The two are perpendicular to each other and on the same cross section. An unlocking component is installed inside the first fixing block (1). One end of the unlocking component is aligned with the first rack (707), and the other end is installed inside the simulated fracture bone (6). The simulated fracture bone (6) is set on the first fixing block (1) and is located at one end of the simulated radius (5).

2. The teaching apparatus for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment assembly includes an adjustment block (303) and a lead screw (304). The lead screw (304) is rotatably mounted at the end of the fixed rod (3). One end of the lead screw (304) is provided with a rotating wheel, and the other end passes through the adjustment block (303). The adjustment block (303) is connected to the tension spring (302).

3. The teaching apparatus for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fixing block (1) is provided with a positioning pin (101) and a positioning spring (102). The positioning spring (102) is sleeved on the positioning pin (101), and the bottom end of the positioning pin (101) passes through the positioning hole on the rotating rod (4).

4. The teaching apparatus for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures according to claim 3, characterized in that: The unlocking assembly includes a first pin (601) and a second pin (603). A limiting spring (604) is fitted on the second pin (603), and the second pin (603) is aligned with the first rack (707). The second pin (603) and the first pin (601) are connected by a connecting rod (602). The first pin (601) passes through the simulated broken bone (6), and a push rod (501) passes through the simulated radius (5). After the simulated broken bone (6) and the simulated radius (5) are fully connected, the push rod (501) and the first pin (601) are coaxial.

5. The teaching apparatus for simulating manual reduction of distal radius fractures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fixing block (1) is provided with a palm simulation part (103), and a forearm simulation sleeve (201) is sleeved between the first fixing block (1) and the second fixing block (2). The forearm simulation sleeve (201) is available in transparent and non-transparent types.

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