A hydrogen fuel cell system

Abstract

The application relates to a hydrogen fuel cell system, which comprises a water bath assembly, a hydrogen storage module and a cell stack module. The water bath assembly contains cooling liquid and the hydrogen storage module is arranged in the water bath assembly and has a solid hydrogen storage unit. The cell stack module comprises a plurality of cell sheets and radiating fins, and the cell sheets are connected with the hydrogen storage module through a hydrogen supply pipeline. The hydrogen storage module supplies hydrogen fuel for the cell sheets. The heat exchange module is arranged between the water bath assembly and the radiating fins, and the cooling liquid circulates among the water bath assembly, the heat exchange module and the radiating fins. The hydrogen storage module cools the high-temperature cooling liquid brought out from the cell stack module. The high-temperature cooling liquid brought out from the cell stack module heats the hydrogen storage module, so that the hydrogen supply pressure and the hydrogen supply flow of the hydrogen storage module are not affected by the excessively low temperature of the hydrogen storage module. The electric energy required for the self-radiation of the cell stack module and the heating of the hydrogen storage module is saved, and the power supply efficiency of the cell stack module to the motor is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cells, and in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell system. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy is an abundant, green, low-carbon, and widely applicable secondary energy source. With technological advancements, more and more hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are emerging. However, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles require at least a hydrogen storage device, a battery stack, and an electric motor. These components are collectively referred to as a hydrogen power system. To accommodate these components and balance range and power, the hydrogen storage device and battery stack need to be larger, resulting in a larger overall space required for the hydrogen power system. Otherwise, miniaturizing the hydrogen power system would make it difficult to meet the range and power requirements of conventional vehicles. Therefore, it is mainly used in large buses (which have more space to accommodate a large hydrogen power system) and industrial vehicles (such as forklifts, which have fewer passengers and lower speed requirements, allowing for the use of smaller hydrogen power systems).

[0003] Fuel cells generate a significant amount of heat during the power generation process. To ensure safety, cooling is necessary, requiring a corresponding cooling system. This reduces the space required for hydrogen storage devices and the fuel cell stack. Furthermore, to improve the cooling system's heat dissipation efficiency, active cooling can be employed. Active cooling requires electricity, meaning a portion of the electricity generated by the fuel cell stack must be supplied to the cooling system. This reduces the fuel cell stack's power supply efficiency to the engine, consequently decreasing the engine's operating efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to address the issue of needing to supply a portion of the electrical energy generated by the battery stack to the cooling system for heat dissipation.

[0005] This application provides a hydrogen fuel cell system, including:

[0006] The water bath assembly contains coolant and has a built-in hydrogen storage module with a solid hydrogen storage unit.

[0007] The battery stack module includes multiple battery cells and heat sinks. The battery cells are connected to the hydrogen storage module through hydrogen supply pipelines. The hydrogen storage module is used to supply hydrogen fuel to the battery cells.

[0008] The heat exchange module is located between the water bath assembly and the heat sink, and the coolant circulates between the water bath assembly, the heat exchange module, and the heat sink.

[0009] In one embodiment, the water bath assembly is further provided with a lifting platform, on which the hydrogen storage module is placed; the lifting platform causes the hydrogen storage module to sink into the coolant or rise from the coolant.

[0010] In one embodiment, the lifting platform includes a telescopic module, a platform, and a power source. The platform is mounted on the telescopic module, and the power source works in conjunction with the telescopic module to drive the platform to move back and forth.

[0011] In one embodiment, the power source is hydraulic or pneumatic.

[0012] In one embodiment, at least two hydrogen storage tanks are stacked inside the hydrogen storage module, and cooling channels are arranged around the hydrogen storage tanks. The cooling channels form liquid inlets and liquid outlets on the sides of the hydrogen storage module.

[0013] In one embodiment, a water pump is installed on the side of the hydrogen storage module and is connected to the liquid outlet.

[0014] When the hydrogen storage module is submerged in the coolant, the outlet is set to correspond to the water outlet pipe on the water bath assembly, and the water pump is located between the outlet and the water outlet pipe.

[0015] In one embodiment, a handle is installed on the top of the hydrogen storage module, so that when the hydrogen storage module is raised from the coolant, the top of the hydrogen storage module is above the coolant surface.

[0016] In one embodiment, battery cells and heat sinks are stacked alternately.

[0017] In one embodiment, the heat sink includes at least two liquid pipes through which coolant passes, and multiple liquid pipes are arranged on the same plane to form the heat sink.

[0018] In one embodiment, the battery stack module includes spacers mounted at both ends of the battery cells, and a heat sink is displaced between the spacers at both ends of the battery cells.

[0019] In the aforementioned hydrogen fuel cell system, the solid-state hydrogen storage unit within the hydrogen storage module absorbs heat during hydrogen release, causing the module's temperature to drop. The hydrogen storage module is placed within a water bath assembly, where it exchanges heat with the heat sinks within the fuel cell stack module via coolant. This utilizes the hydrogen storage module to cool the high-temperature coolant carried out from the fuel cell stack module. Simultaneously, the high-temperature coolant carried out from the fuel cell stack module heats the hydrogen storage module, preventing excessively low module temperature from affecting the hydrogen supply pressure and flow rate. This saves the electrical energy required for both heat dissipation within the fuel cell stack module and heating of the hydrogen storage module, thereby improving the power supply efficiency of the fuel cell stack module to the electric motor. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a simplified schematic diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell system provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a simplified schematic diagram of a hydrogen storage module submerged in coolant, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 3 A simplified schematic diagram of a hydrogen storage module rising from coolant, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a hydrogen storage module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a simplified schematic diagram of a battery stack module provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure label:

[0026] 1. Water bath assembly; 11. Water bath tub; 12. Telescopic module; 13. Platform; 14. Power source; 15. Liquid inlet pipe; 16. Water outlet pipe;

[0027] 21. Hydrogen storage module; 211. Main body; 212. Handle; 2111. Hydrogen storage tank; 2112. Cooling channel; 2113. Water pump; 2114. Liquid inlet; 2115. Liquid outlet;

[0028] 22. Heat exchange module;

[0029] 23. Battery stack module; 231. Battery cell; 232. Heat sink; 233. Gasket;

[0030] 24. Hydrogen supply pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0032] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0033] Furthermore, where the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first," "second," "third," or "fourth" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the terms "multiple" or "several" appear, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., and "several" means one or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0034] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0036] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0037] See Figure 1 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of this application provides a hydrogen fuel cell system, including: a water bath assembly 1, a hydrogen storage module 21, a heat exchange module 22, and a fuel cell stack module 23. The water bath assembly 1 contains coolant and houses the hydrogen storage module 21, immersing it in the coolant for heat exchange. The hydrogen storage module 21 contains solid hydrogen storage units, which absorb heat during hydrogen release, causing the temperature of the hydrogen storage module 21 to drop. During hydrogen release, as the release time increases, the temperature of the hydrogen storage module 21 continues to decrease, leading to frost formation. If the temperature of the hydrogen storage module 21 becomes too low, it will reduce the hydrogen supply pressure, affecting the hydrogen supply flow rate and ultimately impacting the electricity generated by the hydrogen fuel cell system.

[0038] In addition, the battery stack module 23 generates a large amount of heat while producing electricity through the hydrogen-oxygen reaction. To prevent the battery stack module 23 from overheating and burning out its internal components, it is necessary to cool it down. Specifically, the battery stack module 23 includes multiple battery cells 231 and heat sinks 232, providing hydrogen and oxygen to the battery cells 231 to react. The battery cells 231 are connected to a hydrogen storage module 21 via a hydrogen supply pipeline 24, which supplies hydrogen fuel to the battery cells 231. The battery cells 231 can directly convert the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy. The principle is the reverse reaction of water electrolysis. Hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the anode and cathode, respectively. After hydrogen diffuses outward through the anode and reacts with the electrolyte, it releases electrons and reaches the cathode through an external load. In this process, hydrogen and oxygen react to produce water and generate electricity, which is mainly supplied to the electric motor. At the same time, because the output voltage of a single battery cell 231 is relatively low, the current density is also relatively low. In this scheme, in order to obtain high voltage and power, multiple battery cells 231 are connected in series to form a battery stack to match the rated power of the subsequent motor.

[0039] A heat exchange module 22 is located between the water bath assembly 1 and the heat sink 232, and the coolant circulates between the water bath assembly 1, the heat exchange module 22, and the heat sink 232. The heat exchange module 22 is used to transfer heat from the heat sink 232 to the water bath assembly 1. Since the solid hydrogen storage unit contained in the hydrogen storage module 21 absorbs heat when releasing hydrogen, the temperature of the hydrogen storage module 21 drops when releasing hydrogen. The hydrogen storage module 21 is placed in the water bath assembly 1 and exchanges heat with the heat sink 232 in the battery stack module 23 through the coolant. The hydrogen storage module 21 is used to cool the high-temperature coolant carried out from the battery stack module 23. At the same time, the high-temperature coolant carried out from the battery stack module 23 heats the hydrogen storage module 21, avoiding the hydrogen supply pressure and flow rate of the hydrogen storage module 21 being affected by the low temperature of the hydrogen storage module 21. This saves the electrical energy required for the battery stack module 23 to dissipate heat and heat the hydrogen storage module, thereby improving the power supply efficiency of the battery stack module 23 to the motor. Improving the power supply efficiency of the battery stack module 23 to the electric motor specifically involves ensuring that the electrical energy generated by the battery stack module 23 is primarily supplied to the electric motor. The higher the proportion of electrical energy allocated to the electric motor from the battery stack module 23, the higher the power supply efficiency of the battery stack module 23 to the electric motor. Furthermore, since no additional heating or cooling equipment is required, the number of components within the hydrogen fuel cell system is reduced. This allows the hydrogen fuel cell system to occupy less space, or to allocate more space to the hydrogen storage module 21 and / or the battery stack module 23, thereby increasing the amount of electrical energy and current density that the hydrogen fuel cell system can generate.

[0040] Solid-state hydrogen storage units refer to storing hydrogen in solid materials using the physical and chemical adsorption of hydrogen. Based on different adsorption principles, solid-state hydrogen storage materials are generally divided into physical adsorption hydrogen storage materials and chemical adsorption hydrogen storage materials. Physical adsorption hydrogen storage materials include carbon-based materials, inorganic porous materials, and metal-organic framework compounds. Chemical adsorption hydrogen storage materials include metal hydrides, coordination hydrides, and chemical hydrides. Compared to gaseous hydrogen storage, firstly, solid-state hydrogen storage can store a larger amount of hydrogen, increasing the electrical energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell system. Secondly, gaseous hydrogen storage often uses high pressure, and the high internal pressure of gaseous hydrogen storage tanks poses safety hazards. In contrast, the internal pressure of the solid-state hydrogen storage module 21 remains low during the filling and releasing of hydrogen, ensuring high safety. Finally, the transportation and storage costs of gaseous hydrogen are high; the manufacturing cost of a skid-mounted hydrogen refueling station can reach several million, resulting in high refueling costs. Solid-state hydrogen storage systems are mobile, readily available, and easy to install and disassemble, effectively reducing refueling costs.

[0041] The heat exchange module 22 can be a direct contact heat exchanger, a storage heat exchanger, or a partition heat exchanger. The heat exchange module 22 is used to transfer heat from a hot fluid to a cold fluid. In this embodiment, the heat exchange module 22 makes the coolant entering the hydrogen storage module 21 hotter, and correspondingly, the coolant entering the battery stack module 23 hotter. That is, the heat exchange module 22 increases the temperature difference between the coolant at its inlet and outlet, thus more effectively heating the hydrogen storage module 21 and cooling the battery stack module 23. In a specific embodiment, the heat exchange module 22 is a plate heat exchanger, which consists of multiple stamped, embossed stainless steel plates. The convex and concave patterns between adjacent plates are arranged in a 180-degree alignment, forming staggered contact points. These contact points are then joined by vacuum welding, creating a high-pressure, staggered flow structure for the plate heat exchanger. This staggered flow structure generates strong turbulence in the hot and cold fluids within the plate heat exchanger, achieving a high heat exchange efficiency. The plate heat exchanger consists of a set of corrugated metal plates with four corner holes for the two heat transfer fluids to pass through. The metal plates are mounted within a frame with fixed plates and movable clamping plates on one side, and are clamped together with bolts. Sealing gaskets on the plates seal the fluid channels and guide the fluids to flow alternately into their respective channels, forming heat exchange. The fluid flow rate, physical properties, pressure drop, and temperature difference determine the number and size of the plates. The corrugated plates not only enhance turbulence but also create numerous support points sufficient to withstand the pressure difference between the media. The coolant at a lower temperature and the coolant at a higher temperature pass through corresponding corner holes on the plate heat exchanger. Plate heat exchangers are characterized by high moisture permeability, good airtightness, tear resistance, aging resistance, and good temperature conductivity.

[0042] Furthermore, combined Figure 4As shown, at least two hydrogen storage tanks 2111 are stacked within the hydrogen storage module 21. Cooling channels 2112 surround each hydrogen storage tank 2111, forming inlets 2114 and outlets 2115 on the sides of the hydrogen storage module 21. For example, the hydrogen supply flow rate of a single hydrogen storage tank 2111 is 2-5 liters / minute, with an initial pressure of approximately 1 MPa. Even if a single hydrogen storage tank 2111 malfunctions or poses a danger during use, the resulting losses are limited. However, a single hydrogen storage tank 2111, limited by its own hydrogen supply flow rate, cannot effectively power a high-power battery stack module 23. Therefore, to adapt to the high-power battery stack module 23, multiple hydrogen storage tanks 2111 are connected in parallel to increase the overall hydrogen supply flow rate of the hydrogen storage module 21. The hydrogen storage module 21, formed by multiple hydrogen storage tanks 2111 connected in parallel, effectively improves the safety of its use while maintaining a large hydrogen supply capacity. Depending on the number of parallel hydrogen storage tanks 2111, a corresponding amount of hydrogen can be stored, and a corresponding hydrogen supply flow rate can be provided. The hydrogen supply flow rate is specifically the amount of hydrogen provided by the hydrogen storage tank 2111 per unit time. Due to the structure of the hydrogen storage tank 2111, the hydrogen supply flow rate of the hydrogen storage tank 2111 is fixed.

[0043] In this design, the hydrogen storage module 21 includes a main body 211 with a sealed cavity inside. Hydrogen storage tanks 2111 are stacked within the cavity of the main body 211. A cooling channel 2112 is disposed around the hydrogen storage tanks 2111, forming two openings on the side of the hydrogen storage module 21 for coolant to pass through: an inlet 2114 and an outlet 2115. Coolant from the water bath assembly 1 enters the main body 211 through the cooling channel 2112. The coolant in the cooling channel 2112 heats the hydrogen storage tanks 2111, increasing their temperature.

[0044] Specifically, a water pump 2113 is installed on the side of the hydrogen storage module 21. The water pump 2113 is connected to the liquid outlet 2115 and is located between the liquid outlet 2115 and the water outlet pipe 16. The liquid outlet 2115 is connected to the inlet of the water pump 2113, and the outlet of the water pump 2113 is set to correspond to the water outlet pipe 16. The high-pressure coolant in the water pump 2113 enters the water outlet pipe 16 from the outlet of the water pump 2113. The water pump 2113 can increase the flow rate of the coolant in the cooling channel 2112. At the same time, after the high-pressure coolant enters the water outlet pipe 16, it can accelerate the flow rate of the coolant in the heat sink 232, thereby increasing the heat on the heat sink 232.

[0045] More specifically, a sealing ring is provided on the outlet of the water pump 2113. When the outlet of the water pump 2113 is set to correspond to the water outlet pipe 16, the sealing ring is arranged around the water outlet pipe 16, so that a sealed passage is formed between the water pump 2113 and the water outlet pipe 16, thereby increasing the flow rate of the coolant entering the water outlet pipe 16.

[0046] Furthermore, the hydrogen storage tank 2111 is cylindrical, and multiple hydrogen storage tanks 2111 are stacked so that they are tangentially arranged, with gaps between them when they are stacked together. The cooling channel 2112 has multiple branches that pass through the gaps between the hydrogen storage tanks 2111 to increase the contact area between the cooling channel 2112 and the hydrogen storage tanks 2111, so as to facilitate sufficient heating of the hydrogen storage tanks 2111.

[0047] This hydrogen fuel cell system is used in large buses and industrial vehicles. For example, it is used in an industrial forklift with a 200kW hydrogen fuel cell system. The hydrogen storage module 21 inside the industrial forklift has a hydrogen storage capacity of more than 1.8 kg.

[0048] In some embodiments of this application, see Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the water bath assembly 1 is also equipped with a lifting platform. The hydrogen storage module 21 is placed on the lifting platform, which causes the hydrogen storage module 21 to sink into or rise from the coolant. In this solution, the hydrogen storage module 21 can be moved out of the coolant by the lifting platform, facilitating rapid replacement. Compared to direct charging of the hydrogen storage module 21, replacement is more efficient and safer. Direct charging of the hydrogen storage module 21 can be understood as directly injecting hydrogen into the vehicle. Replacement of the hydrogen storage module 21 specifically involves removing the empty hydrogen storage module 21 (0% hydrogen storage) from the vehicle or two-wheeled vehicle and replacing it with a fully loaded (100% hydrogen storage) hydrogen storage module 21.

[0049] Solid-state hydrogen storage units are in an endothermic state when releasing hydrogen, and conversely, they are in an exothermic state when recharging. This makes solid-state hydrogen storage units more prone to safety hazards during the recharging process. To prevent the solid-state hydrogen storage unit from overheating during recharging, heat dissipation is required, i.e., a heat dissipation device needs to be configured for it. If the hydrogen fuel cell system directly recharges the hydrogen storage module 21, then the system also needs to be equipped with a chiller to remove the heat generated by the hydrogen storage module 21 during the recharging process. However, configuring a chiller for this hydrogen fuel cell system requires a larger footprint. Firstly, the hydrogen fuel cell system in this solution replenishes hydrogen energy by replacing the hydrogen storage module 21, which avoids the need for an additional chiller to cool the hydrogen storage module 21, simplifying the structure of the hydrogen fuel cell system and reducing its footprint.

[0050] Secondly, refueling stations for hydrogen storage modules 21 will be located in densely populated areas with convenient transportation to improve the convenience of hydrogen refueling. At the same time, there will inevitably be other customers needing hydrogen refueling at these stations, resulting in a large number of people present. Therefore, the safety requirements for the hydrogen refueling process are higher. Directly refueling the hydrogen storage module 21 is highly dangerous; a hydrogen explosion could easily endanger other personnel at the refueling station or ignite other equipment, causing greater losses. In contrast, replacing the hydrogen storage module 21 is far less dangerous than directly refueling it. Furthermore, hydrogen refueling the module 21 can be carried out in areas with higher safety standards or in areas far from densely populated areas with convenient transportation, thus minimizing losses even if a dangerous situation occurs.

[0051] Finally, the hydrogen charging rate of the hydrogen storage module 21 is related to the material of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, and also to the saturation level of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit. Usage has shown that the closer the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is to saturation, the lower its hydrogen adsorption efficiency. That is, during the charging process, the charging efficiency gradually decreases. Understandably, the charging time is related to the saturation level of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit; reaching saturation takes longer. Assuming the same material for the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and the same amount of remaining hydrogen in the hydrogen storage module 21, the amount of hydrogen added to the module increases proportionally with the time taken. For customers with different charging habits, the charging time varies significantly. Correspondingly, assuming the structure of the hydrogen storage module 21 is the same, the time required to replace it is generally consistent. Replacing the hydrogen storage module 21 can improve the charging station's capacity.

[0052] Furthermore, the lifting platform includes a telescopic module 12, a platform 13, and a power source 14. The platform 13 is mounted on the telescopic module 12, and the power source 14 cooperates with the telescopic module 12 to drive the platform 13 to reciprocate. The power source 14 drives the telescopic module 12 to extend and retract, thereby driving the platform 13 to reciprocate. Specifically, the power source 14 provides hydraulic or pneumatic pressure, and the telescopic module 12 is a hydraulic or pneumatic rod adapted to the power source. The telescopic module 12 generates mechanical force through the pressure of liquid or gas to extend and retract. The power source 14 can be a hydraulic pump or a pneumatic pump, which can provide pressure to the telescopic module 12 by manually pressing the hydraulic or pneumatic pump, thereby converting it into mechanical force to lift the platform 13.

[0053] For example, manually pressing the pneumatic pump provides pressure to the telescopic module 12, which is then converted into mechanical force to lift the platform 13. Specifically, the hydraulic pump includes a pump body and a handle (lever). The pump body has a sealed cavity with a sliding piston that divides the cavity into a high-pressure chamber and a low-pressure chamber. The handle (lever) is connected to the piston. When the operator applies force to the handle (lever), the piston moves, and the gas in the high-pressure chamber is sent into the telescopic module 12 through a one-way valve, causing the telescopic module 12 to extend. A release valve is also installed on the pump body, located between the one-way valve and the telescopic module 12. When the release valve opens, it releases the high-pressure gas inside the telescopic module 12, causing the telescopic module 12 to retract.

[0054] It should be noted that the telescopic module 12 can be a lead screw mechanism, and the power source 14 can also be a motor. The motor drives the lead screw mechanism to move linearly, thereby realizing the automatic lifting and lowering of the platform 13. The power source 14 can also be a high-pressure generation equipment.

[0055] In this design, a handle 212 is installed on the top of the hydrogen storage module 21. The handle 212 is pivotally connected to the main body 211, allowing the handle 212 to rotate relative to the main body 211. The handle 212 can be attached to the main body 211, or the handle 212 can be rotated so that the handle 212 is perpendicular to the main body 211.

[0056] The lifting and lowering of the platform 13 is specifically as follows: When the hydrogen storage module 21 is submerged in the coolant, the outlet 2115 is positioned corresponding to the water outlet pipe 16 on the water bath assembly 1, and the water pump 2113 is located between the outlet 2115 and the water outlet pipe 16. When the hydrogen storage module 21 is raised from the coolant, the top of the hydrogen storage module 21 is higher than the coolant surface, making it convenient for operators or operating equipment to grab the handle 212 and remove the hydrogen storage module 21 from the water bath assembly 1, thereby achieving the disassembly of the hydrogen storage module 21.

[0057] Although not shown in the figure, it can be understood that, in order to improve the stability between the hydrogen storage module 21 and the platform 13, and also to prevent displacement of the hydrogen storage module 21 during the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell system, thus affecting its normal hydrogen supply, a limiting structure or locking structure is configured between the hydrogen storage module 21 and the platform 13. This restricts the relative position of the hydrogen storage module 21 and the platform 13, and also ensures that the hydrogen storage module 21 remains stationary during the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell system, that is, its position relative to other components within the hydrogen fuel cell system remains unchanged. Preferably, the locking structure restricts the relative position of the hydrogen storage module 21 and the platform 13 to prevent the theft of the hydrogen storage module 21. The locking structure works in conjunction with the lifting and lowering of the platform 13. Specifically, when the hydrogen storage module 21 is submerged in the coolant, the locking structure is in a locked state, and the hydrogen storage module 21 is connected to the platform 13; when the hydrogen storage module 21 rises from the coolant, the locking structure is in an unlocked state, and the hydrogen storage module 21 can be separated from the platform 13.

[0058] For example, the locking structure includes a lock body and a latch box. The lock body is mounted on the platform 13, and the latch box is mounted on the hydrogen storage module 21. The movable latch on the lock body cooperates with the latch box to lock the hydrogen storage module 21 to the platform 13. The lock body is connected to the water bath assembly 1 via a traction part. The traction part can pull the latch in the lock body back to unlock the module. Specifically, when the hydrogen storage module 21 is submerged in the coolant, the latch and the latch box cooperate to lock the structure, and the hydrogen storage module 21 is connected to the platform 13. At this time, the traction part is not under force. When the hydrogen storage module 21 rises from the coolant, the platform 13 moves relative to the water bath assembly 1, causing the traction part to be under force to pull the latch back to unlock the structure, and the hydrogen storage module 21 can be separated from the platform 13.

[0059] To prevent theft of the hydrogen storage module 21, an anti-theft module can be configured on the power source 14. This anti-theft module can be understood as an identification module or a locking module. The power source 14 can only provide pressure to the telescopic module 12 when the module is identified as trustworthy or when it is unlocked. The anti-theft module can be a biometric identification module, a password verification module, or a mechanical locking structure. For example, the anti-theft module is a mechanical locking structure, located on the handle (lever). The anti-theft module locks the handle (lever) to the pump body, and a key unit allows unlocking the handle (lever) to apply pressure when pressed. In another specific example, the anti-theft module works with a motor to control the motor's transmission to a lead screw structure.

[0060] In some embodiments of this application, see Figure 5 As shown, battery cells 231 and heat sinks 232 are stacked alternately. Battery cell 231 includes an anode and a cathode, with the cathode sandwiched between the anode and heat sink 232. Hydrogen is supplied to the anode via a hydrogen supply line 24, while the cathode is exposed to air. The cathode discharges by reacting oxygen in the air with the hydrogen on the anode, generating a potential across the electrodes of both the anode and cathode. Battery cell 231 has thermal conductivity; during the reaction between air and hydrogen on the anode and cathode, heat remains on both plates. The heat generated by the reaction is conducted to the heat sink 232, which removes the heat from the battery cell 231.

[0061] The alternating stacking of battery cells 231 and heat sinks 232 can be regarded as setting heat sinks 232 on both sides of battery cells 231, which increases the area of ​​heat sinks 232 on a single battery cell 231, effectively improving the heat dissipation area and heat dissipation capacity of the battery stack module 23, and effectively improving the stability of hydrogen-oxygen reaction on battery cells 231 and the service life of the battery stack module 23.

[0062] Specifically, the heat sink 232 includes at least two liquid pipes through which coolant flows, and multiple liquid pipes are arranged on the same plane to form the heat sink 232. One end of the multiple liquid pipes converges and connects to the inlet pipe 15, and conversely, one end of the liquid pipes converges and connects to the outlet pipe 16, so that a coolant circulation channel is formed between the heat sink 232 and the water bath assembly 1. For example, the extension direction of the battery cell 231 is perpendicular to the water flow direction of the heat sink 232. The liquid pipes are arranged along the extension direction of the battery cell 231 to form the heat sink 232. The heat sink 232 is concentrated at the middle section of the battery cell 231, and uses thermal conductivity to concentrate the heat on the battery cell 231 to the area where the heat sink 232 is provided, thus carrying away the heat on the battery cell 231, so that the two ends of the anode plate are suspended to allow hydrogen gas to pass through. Specifically, the anode plate has inlet holes at both ends in its extension direction to allow hydrogen to pass through and be delivered into the battery cell 231. Two branches of the hydrogen supply line 24 connect to the inlet holes at both ends of the battery cell 231, allowing hydrogen to enter from both ends of the battery cell 231. This increases the amount of hydrogen entering the anode plate, accelerating the hydrogen-oxygen reaction rate on the battery cell 231 and thus increasing the voltage generated on the battery cell 231.

[0063] The heat sink 232 and the cathode plate are located between the two anode plates. Therefore, there is a gap between the two anode plates. In order to divert hydrogen gas to the multiple anode plates, it is necessary to ensure that the air inlets on the same side of the multiple anode plates are sealed. For example, the connecting pipe passes through the air inlets on the same side of the multiple anode plates in sequence. The air inlets serve to support the connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe has an opening that corresponds to the anode plate. The opening is located inside the air inlet, and hydrogen gas flows through the connecting pipe. The hydrogen gas is diverted from the opening to each anode plate to carry out the hydrogen-oxygen reaction.

[0064] In another specific embodiment, the battery stack module 23 includes a spacer 233, which is installed at both ends of the anode plate, and a heat sink 232 is located between the spacers 233 at both ends of the anode plate. The thickness of the spacer 233 is consistent with the sum of the thicknesses of the heat sink 232 and the cathode plate, that is, the spacer 233 fills the gap between the two battery plates 231. The spacer 233 has a through hole, which corresponds to the air inlet on the battery plate 231. First, a hydrogen channel is formed through the interconnected through hole and air inlet. The air inlet can also divert hydrogen to each anode plate and react with oxygen entering from the cathode plate. Second, if there is a gap between the two ends of the cathode plate, the cathode plate is prone to warping when subjected to force. In order to improve the stability of the battery stack module 23, a spacer 233 is provided in the gap between the two ends of the cathode plate.

[0065] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0066] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell system, characterized in that, include: A water bath assembly (1) is provided, which contains coolant and has a hydrogen storage module (21) inside. The hydrogen storage module (21) has a solid hydrogen storage unit inside. The water bath assembly (1) is also provided with a lifting platform. The hydrogen storage module (21) is placed on the lifting platform. The lifting platform causes the hydrogen storage module (21) to sink into the coolant or rise from the coolant. A locking structure is provided between the hydrogen storage module (21) and the platform (13) inside the lifting platform. The locking structure cooperates with the lifting of the platform (13). When the hydrogen storage module (21) is submerged in the coolant, the locking structure is in a locked state and the hydrogen storage module (21) is connected to the platform (13). When the hydrogen storage module (21) rises from the coolant, the locking structure is in an unlocked state and the hydrogen storage module (21) can be separated from the platform (13). A battery stack module (23) includes multiple battery cells (231) and heat sinks (232). The battery cells (231) are connected to the hydrogen storage module (21) through a hydrogen supply pipeline (24). The hydrogen storage module (21) is used to supply hydrogen fuel to the battery cells (231). A heat exchange module (22) is disposed between the water bath assembly (1) and the heat sink (232), and the coolant circulates between the water bath assembly (1), the heat exchange module (22) and the heat sink (232).

2. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting platform includes a telescopic module (12), a platform (13) and a power source (14). The platform (13) is installed on the telescopic module (12), and the power source (14) cooperates with the telescopic module (12) to drive the platform (13) to move back and forth.

3. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power source (14) is hydraulic or pneumatic.

4. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage module (21) has at least two hydrogen storage tanks (2111) stacked inside. The hydrogen storage tanks (2111) are surrounded by cooling channels (2112). The cooling channels (2112) form an inlet (2114) and an outlet (2115) on the side of the hydrogen storage module (21).

5. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 4, characterized in that, A water pump (2113) is installed on the side of the hydrogen storage module (21), and the water pump (2113) is connected to the liquid outlet (2115). When the hydrogen storage module (21) is submerged in the coolant, the outlet (2115) is set to correspond to the water outlet pipe (16) on the water bath assembly (1), and the water pump (2113) is located between the outlet (2115) and the water outlet pipe (16).

6. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage module (21) is equipped with a handle (212) on top. When the hydrogen storage module (21) is raised from the coolant, the top of the hydrogen storage module (21) is higher than the coolant surface.

7. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The battery cells (231) and the heat sink (232) are stacked alternately.

8. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The heat sink (232) includes at least two liquid pipes through which coolant passes, and multiple liquid pipes are arranged on the same plane to form the heat sink (232).

9. The hydrogen fuel cell system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The battery stack module (23) includes a gasket (233) which is installed at both ends of the battery cell (231), and the heat sink (232) is displaced between the gaskets (233) at both ends of the battery cell (231).

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