Carbonaceous water composition for hydration of human bodies of sports people, beverage containing carbonaceous water composition and application of carbonaceous water composition

Abstract

The invention relates to a carbon-water composition for hydration of human bodies of sports people, a beverage containing the carbon-water composition and application of the beverage. The composition is prepared from the following active ingredients in parts by weight: 4 to 8 parts of trehalose, 0.1 to 1 part of glucose, 0.1 to 1 part of crystalline fructose, 0.1 to 1 part of maltooligosaccharide, 0.04 to 0.055 part of sodium (in terms of sodium ion content) and 0.015 to 0.025 part of potassium (in terms of potassium ion content). The carbon-water composition is combined with sodium and potassium, so that rapid absorption of water by horse race sports people can be promoted, the carbon-water composition has optimal human hydration, the human dehydration risk of the sports people is reduced to the greatest extent, and the exercise endurance of running people is improved.

Description

[0001] Related applications This application claims priority to the invention patent filed on September 4, 2025 with the Chinese Patent Office, application number 202511260888.7, entitled "Carbohydrate composition for hydration of the human body of athletes, beverage containing the carbohydrate composition and its application", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to carbohydrate compositions for hydration of the human body in athletes, beverages containing such carbohydrate compositions, and their applications. Background Technology

[0003] Advances in modern sports nutrition science have transformed sports drinks from simple hydration products into functional sports supplements. With the expansion of the fitness population and the rise of endurance sports like marathons, the market demand for professional sports drinks has exploded. Studies show that moderate-intensity exercise for one hour can lead to a 2-3% loss of body water, primarily sodium and chloride ions lost through sweat, followed by potassium ions. Other electrolytes important for muscle function, such as calcium (Ca), are also lost. 2+ ) and magnesium (Mg 2+ During exercise and heat exposure, the body retains relatively stable levels of these substances. Traditional sports drinks suffer from problems such as excessive sugar content, electrolyte imbalance, and poor hydration effects. The different needs of professional athletes and fitness enthusiasts have also driven product development towards specialization and segmentation, with the development of customized formulas for different exercise intensities, durations, and environments becoming a new industry trend. Currently, most sports hydration products on the market suffer from three major flaws. First, their carbohydrate content is poorly designed. Traditional products rely solely on glucose, leading to drastic blood sugar fluctuations. Marathon runners, in real-world testing, exhibit a typical "excitement followed by exhaustion" curve. The carbohydrate content is either too high or too low, resulting in beverages with poor hydration effects. Second, electrolyte balance is off. Most products use a simple sodium-potassium combination, failing to reflect the relationship between electrolytes and carbohydrates and hydration. Finally, there's the issue of osmotic pressure. Common supermarket beverages have osmotic pressures as high as 600 mOsm / L, far exceeding human body fluid standards, which can actually cause cellular dehydration.

[0004] Traditional products often contain only single carbohydrates or simple electrolyte combinations, or combinations that are not scientifically designed, resulting in low absorption efficiency and even causing gastrointestinal discomfort. In addition, excessively high or low osmotic pressure can lead to poor hydration of human cells.

[0005] In summary, existing electrolyte drinks suffer from poor hydration and unstable blood sugar levels, necessitating the development of a novel composition that effectively promotes hydration in the human body. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a carbohydrate composition for human hydration in athletes, a beverage containing the carbohydrate composition, and the application thereof.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a composition for promoting human hydration, the composition comprising the following effective ingredients in parts by weight: 4-8 parts trehalose, 0.1-1 part glucose, 0.1-1 part crystalline fructose, 0.1-1 part maltodextrin, 0.04-0.055 parts sodium (based on sodium ion content), and 0.015-0.025 parts potassium (based on potassium ion content).

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises the following effective ingredients in parts by weight: 5-7 parts trehalose, 0.11-0.9 parts glucose, 0.11-0.9 parts crystalline fructose, 0.11-0.9 parts maltodextrin, 0.05-0.054 parts sodium (based on sodium ion content), and 0.016-0.024 parts potassium (based on potassium ion content).

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises the following effective ingredients in parts by weight: 6 parts trehalose, 0.56 parts glucose, 0.56 parts crystalline fructose, 0.56 parts maltodextrin, 0.052 parts sodium salt (based on sodium ion content), and 0.02 parts potassium salt (based on potassium ion content).

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the sodium salt is one or more of sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and sodium gluconate; The potassium salt is one or more of potassium chloride, potassium citrate, potassium acetate, potassium gluconate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.

[0011] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a sports nutrition product containing any of the compositions described above, the sports nutrition product further comprising the following active ingredients in parts by weight: 0.0001-0.005 parts of vitamin B1, 0.0001-0.001 parts of vitamin B6, and 0.01-0.1 parts of vitamin C.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the sports nutrition product further includes flavorings, sweeteners, and colorings, wherein the flavorings are selected from one or more of lemon, lime, orange, grapefruit, berry, mango, pineapple, passion fruit, guava, watermelon, cantaloupe, herbs, green tea, mint, ginger, peach, apple, and coconut. The sweetener is selected from one or more of sucralose, acesulfame potassium, aspartame, and steviol glycosides; The preservative is selected from one or more of potassium sorbate and its potassium salt, benzoic acid and its sodium salt, nisin and carbon dioxide; The pigment is selected from one or more of Sunset Yellow, Tartrazine, Anthocyanin, Red Yeast Rice Red, Gardenia Yellow, Capsicum Red, Carmine, and Allura Red.

[0013] The present invention also provides a sports nutrition beverage, which is made of 12-4 parts by weight of any of the above-described compositions and 88-96 parts by weight of water.

[0014] The present invention also provides the use of the aforementioned sports nutrition beverage in promoting human hydration.

[0015] The present invention also provides the use of any of the above-described compositions in any of the following a)-c) to prepare products that improve the body's hydration capacity; b) to prepare products that maintain stable blood sugar levels; c) to prepare products that improve the gastrointestinal tract; d) to prepare products that promote the absorption of sodium and / or potassium ions.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the product is a powder, tablet, capsule, liquid, spray, ointment, or sustained-release agent.

[0017] In this invention, trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked by an α,α-1,1-glycosidic bond. As a stabilizer and humectant, trehalose is not only an energy source and osmotic regulator, but also an effective protectant for proteins and cell membranes. Trehalose exerts its bioprotective effects through multiple mechanisms: stabilizing biomolecules and membrane structures; exhibiting a significant ability to stabilize membranes and proteins in a dry state; and preventing protein aggregation and denaturation under stress conditions (such as dehydration and extreme temperatures). The interaction between trehalose and proteins and carbohydrates in a glassy matrix can regulate their rapid dynamics, thereby maintaining the stability of biomolecules. Trehalose can reduce the rate of bulk water recombination by approximately 2.3-2.5 times. As a sugar with a high glass transition temperature, trehalose may help maintain an amorphous state in mixtures, thereby inhibiting the crystallization of other easily crystallizing sugars. As a hydrophilic substance, trehalose can also reduce Ostwald ripening of emulsions, improving emulsion stability. This mechanism involves the formation of a hydration layer by sugars in the aqueous phase, which inhibits the growth of small droplets into larger droplets. Trehalose, as an osmotic agent, can alter the osmotic pressure of the system, thus affecting transmembrane transport of water molecules. Trehalose can more strongly bind water molecules, reducing their degrees of freedom. When trehalose and glucose coexist in an aqueous solution, trehalose confines water within its hydration shell, while glucose can enter this shell, facilitating water replenishment.

[0018] Oligomaltose is an oligosaccharide of maltose, a low-molecular-weight carbohydrate that falls between monosaccharides and polysaccharides. It contains 2–10 glucose molecules and is gradually digested and absorbed in the small intestine. The osmotic pressure of oligomaltose is about one-quarter that of glucose, and its sweetness is about 40% that of sucrose. Physiologically, it is absorbed and utilized more slowly than monosaccharides and disaccharides, providing a longer-lasting energy boost after a single intake. Simultaneously, it balances insulin response, overcoming the rebound hypoglycemia caused by consuming monosaccharides and disaccharides during exercise.

[0019] The oligomaltose used in this invention comprises the following: oligomaltose with a degree of polymerization (DP) < 12 has a mass percentage of 59%-80%; oligomaltose with a degree of polymerization (DP) 13-24 has a mass percentage of 16-26%; oligomaltose with a degree of polymerization (DP) 25-36 has a mass percentage of 2-10%; and oligomaltose with a degree of polymerization (DP) > 36 has a mass percentage of 0.6-6%.

[0020] In this invention, the carbohydrate combination comprises a certain mass percentage of trehalose, edible glucose, maltodextrin, and crystalline fructose. The number-average molecular weight of the resulting carbohydrate composition ranges from 266 g / mol to 353 g / mol. The beverage of this invention also contains 0.046%-0.052% sodium and 0.018%-0.024% potassium by mass. In this invention, the composition promoting human hydration contains a suitable mass percentage of carbohydrates, including trehalose, edible glucose, maltodextrin, and crystalline fructose. This carbohydrate composition, due to the different properties of its components, has a synergistic effect, enhancing the body's hydration capacity. Combined with its optimal molecular weight range, this results in a liquid that promotes hydration and the absorption of potassium and sodium ions. Trehalose enhances enzyme activity, promoting glucose digestion and absorption, and increases the activity of sodium and potassium ions in the solution, thus promoting their absorption and enhancing human hydration.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention relates to a carbohydrate composition consisting of trehalose, glucose, crystalline fructose, and oligomaltose, with a number-average molecular weight ranging from 266 g / mol to 353 g / mol, combined with sodium at a mass percentage of 0.046%-0.052% and potassium at a mass percentage of 0.018%-0.024%, forming a solution. The synergistic effect of this carbohydrate composition with sodium and potassium promotes rapid water absorption in runners, providing optimal hydration, minimizing the risk of dehydration, and improving athletic endurance. The carbohydrate composition of the present invention can promote the absorption of sodium ions and / or potassium ions. The combination of the carbohydrate composition with sodium ions and potassium ions can improve the transmembrane transport capacity of water molecules, thereby improving hydration capacity. The present invention provides a solution formed by a combination of carbohydrates and sodium and potassium salts, which can maintain an osmotic pressure between 250 and 340 mOsm / L. This osmotic pressure is conducive to gastric emptying of the liquid, thereby allowing it to enter the small intestine for absorption more quickly. The composition of the present invention helps prevent problems such as muscle spasms and fatigue caused by electrolyte imbalance by replenishing key electrolytes such as sodium and potassium lost in sweat, and maintains normal neuromuscular function. The carbohydrates in the beverage of this invention provide energy, delay fatigue, provide extra fuel for the body during exercise, help conserve muscle glycogen, thereby prolonging endurance exercise time and improving athletic performance. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 The graphs show the changes in blood glucose concentration during exercise for each group; Note: a, GE vs N, p<0.05; b, CE vs N, p<0.05; c, CE vs GE, p<0.05. Figure 2 The graph shows the changes in gastrointestinal comfort during each group of exercises. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Before description, it should be understood that the terminology used in the specification and appended claims should not be construed as limited to its general and dictionary meaning, but rather should be interpreted based on the principle of allowing the inventors to appropriately define the terminology for the best interpretation, and based on its meaning and concept corresponding to the technical level of the invention. Therefore, the description herein is merely a preferred example for illustrative purposes and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention; thus, it should be understood that other equivalent implementations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0025] Example 1: A composition that promotes hydration in the human body The composition for promoting human hydration in this embodiment comprises the following active ingredients in parts by weight: trehalose 4g, glucose 0.1g, crystalline fructose 0.1g, maltodextrin 0.1g, sodium (based on sodium ion content) 0.04g, and potassium (based on potassium ion content) 0.015g. Sodium is provided by table salt and sodium citrate, and potassium is provided by potassium chloride and potassium citrate.

[0026] Example 2: Compositions that promote human hydration The composition for promoting human hydration in this embodiment consists of the following active ingredients in parts by weight: trehalose 8 g, glucose 1 g, crystalline fructose 1 g, maltodextrose 1 g, sodium (based on sodium ion content) 0.055 g, and potassium (based on potassium ion content) 0.025 g. Sodium is provided by table salt and sodium citrate, and potassium is provided by potassium chloride and potassium citrate.

[0027] Example 3: Sports nutrition beverage that promotes hydration in the human body The sports nutrition beverage of this embodiment is composed of the following components in parts by weight: trehalose 20 g, glucose 0.5 g, crystalline fructose 0.5 g, maltodextrin 0.5 g, sodium 0.2 g, potassium 0.075 g, and water 477.725 g. Sodium is provided by table salt and sodium citrate, and potassium is provided by potassium chloride and potassium citrate.

[0028] The method for preparing the sports nutrition beverage in this embodiment involves first mixing trehalose, glucose, crystalline fructose, and oligomaltose evenly according to the mass of each component to obtain a first mixture, then mixing salt, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, and potassium citrate evenly to obtain a second mixture, and then adding the first mixture and the second mixture to water in sequence to form a sports nutrition beverage.

[0029] Example 4: Sports nutrition drink that promotes hydration The sports nutrition beverage of this embodiment is composed of the following components in parts by weight: trehalose 40 g, glucose 5 g, crystalline fructose 5 g, maltodextrin 5 g, sodium 0.275 g, potassium 0.125 g, and water 444.6 g. In this embodiment, sodium ions are provided by table salt and sodium citrate, and potassium ions are provided by potassium chloride and potassium citrate.

[0030] The method for preparing the sports nutrition beverage in this embodiment involves first mixing trehalose, glucose, crystalline fructose, and oligomaltose evenly according to the mass of each component to obtain a first mixture, then mixing salt, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, and potassium citrate evenly to obtain a second mixture, and then adding the first mixture and the second mixture to water in sequence to form a sports nutrition beverage.

[0031] Example 5: Sports nutrition drink that promotes hydration The sports nutrition beverage of this embodiment is composed of the following components in parts by weight: trehalose 30 g, glucose 2.75 g, crystalline fructose 2.75 g, maltodextrin 2.75 g, sodium 0.238 g, potassium 0.1 g, and water 461.61 g.

[0032] The average molecular weight of the carbohydrate composition (trehalose, glucose, crystalline fructose and oligomaltose) is approximately 312 g / mol.

[0033] In this embodiment, sodium ions are provided by table salt and sodium citrate, wherein sodium comes from 0.1845 g of table salt and 0.0535 g of sodium citrate, and potassium ions are provided by potassium chloride and potassium citrate, wherein the mass of potassium chloride is 0.1528 g and the mass of potassium citrate is 0.0523 g.

[0034] The preparation method of the sports nutrition beverage in this embodiment involves mixing trehalose, glucose, crystalline fructose, and oligomaltose evenly according to the mass of each component to obtain a first mixture. Then, salt, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, and potassium citrate are mixed evenly to obtain a second mixture. The first and second mixtures are added to water in sequence to form a sports nutrition beverage. The osmotic pressure of the sports nutrition beverage is measured to be 317 mOsm / L.

[0035] Example 6: A hydration-promoting nutritional beverage for athletes The sports nutrition beverage of this embodiment is composed of the following components in parts by weight: trehalose 20 g, glucose 5 g, crystalline fructose 5 g, maltodextrin 0.5 g, sodium 0.275 g, potassium 0.075 g, vitamin B1 0.0005 g, vitamin B6 0.0005 g, vitamin C 0.05 g, and water 469.1 g.

[0036] The average molecular weight of the carbohydrate composition (trehalose, glucose, crystalline fructose and oligomaltose) is approximately 265.6 g / mol.

[0037] In this embodiment, sodium ions are provided by table salt and sodium citrate, wherein 0.350 g of table salt and 0.515 g of sodium citrate are provided; potassium ions are provided by potassium chloride and potassium citrate, wherein 0.0716 g of potassium chloride and 0.0981 g of potassium citrate are provided.

[0038] The preparation method of the sports nutrition beverage in this embodiment involves mixing trehalose, glucose, crystalline fructose, and oligomaltose evenly according to the mass of each component to obtain a first mixture. Then, salt, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin, and potassium citrate are mixed evenly to obtain a second mixture. The first and second mixtures are then added to water sequentially to form the sports nutrition beverage of this invention. The osmotic pressure of the sports nutrition beverage is measured to be 291 mOsm / L.

[0039] Example 7: Sports nutrition drink that promotes hydration This embodiment provides a sports nutrition beverage, which is composed of the following components in parts by weight: trehalose 40 g, glucose 0.5 g, crystalline fructose 0.5 g, maltodextrin 5 g, sodium 0.2 g, potassium 0.125 g, vitamin B1 0.0025 g, vitamin B6 0.005 g, vitamin C 0.5 g, and water 453.168 g.

[0040] The average molecular weight of this carbohydrate composition (trehalose, glucose, crystalline fructose and oligomaltose) is approximately 352.8 g / mol.

[0041] In this embodiment, sodium ions are provided by table salt and sodium citrate, wherein the mass of table salt is 0.2543 g and the mass of sodium citrate is 0.3739 g, and potassium ions are provided by potassium chloride and potassium citrate, wherein the mass of potassium chloride is 0.1194 g and the mass of potassium citrate is 0.1635 g.

[0042] The preparation method of the sports nutrition beverage in this embodiment involves mixing trehalose, glucose, crystalline fructose, and oligomaltose evenly according to the mass of each component to obtain a first mixture. Then, salt, sodium citrate, potassium chloride, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin, and potassium citrate are mixed evenly to obtain a second mixture. The first and second mixtures are then added to water sequentially to form the sports nutrition beverage of this invention. The osmotic pressure of the sports nutrition beverage is measured to be 338 mOsm / L.

[0043] As an alternative implementation, the present invention can be based on any of the embodiments in Examples 1 to 7, by adding food additives, flavorings, or other functional nutrients to prepare sports nutrition drinks.

[0044] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative sports nutrition drink and the sports nutrition drink of Example 7 is that high-branched cyclodextrin is used instead of trehalose, crystalline fructose, glucose, and oligomaltose. This comparative sports nutrition drink consists of the following components in parts by weight: 46 g of high-branched cyclodextrin, 0.2 g of sodium, 0.125 g of potassium, 0.0025 g of vitamin B1, 0.005 g of vitamin B6, 0.5 g of vitamin C, and 453.168 g of water. The molecular weight of this high-branched cyclodextrin is 100–500 kDa. Sodium ions are provided by sodium chloride and sodium citrate, wherein the mass of sodium chloride is 0.2543 g and the mass of sodium citrate is 0.3739 g. Potassium ions are provided by potassium chloride and potassium citrate, wherein the mass of potassium chloride is 0.1194 g and the mass of potassium citrate is 0.1635 g. The osmotic pressure of this sports nutrition drink is approximately 49.5 mOsm / L. Everything else remains the same.

[0045] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative sports nutrition drink and the sports nutrition drink of Example 7 is that glucose is used instead of trehalose, crystalline fructose, and oligomaltose. This comparative sports nutrition drink consists of the following components by weight: 46 g glucose, 0.2 g sodium, 0.125 g potassium, 0.0025 g vitamin B1, 0.005 g vitamin B6, 0.5 g vitamin C, and 453.168 g water. Sodium ions are provided by salt and sodium citrate, with salt weighing 0.2543 g and sodium citrate weighing 0.3739 g. Potassium ions are provided by potassium chloride and potassium citrate, with potassium chloride weighing 0.1194 g and potassium citrate weighing 0.1635 g. The total osmotic pressure of this sports nutrition drink is approximately 548.2 mOsm / L. Everything else remains unchanged.

[0046] Example 1: The sports nutrition beverage of this invention promotes hydration in athletes. 1. Experimental Methods 1.1 Experimental Subjects The study recruited 12 young male adults with endurance training experience. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) age 18-25 years; (2) BMI within the normal range (18.5-24.9); (3) endurance training time of more than 8 hours per week; (4) no clinically diagnosed disease; (5) no bad habits such as smoking or drinking; (6) no participation in any clinical or nutritional research trials in the past month; (7) no participation in other sports or nutritional intervention trials during the study period; and (8) voluntary compliance with the experimental procedures.

[0047] 1.2 Experimental Design This study was a randomized, controlled, crossover design. The timeline and procedure for each test are described in detail below: First, volunteers underwent baseline assessments, including measurements of height, weight, body composition, and a cardiopulmonary exercise test to determine their maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), and based on this, the speed for the 21 km treadmill test was set.

[0048] The 21km treadmill test was conducted in the morning (8:00-10:00). Participants' visits were scheduled for the same time slot (±1 hour) on the same day. Each participant's first urine sample of the day was collected, and urine specific gravity was measured using a portable refractometer; a specific gravity ≤1.025 was considered normal hydration. Participants ate a standardized breakfast and drank 500mL of water approximately 1.5 hours before the experiment. A standardized warm-up and urination were performed 15-30 minutes before running. Pre-exercise tests were then conducted, including blood sampling, nude weight measurement, and lower limb strength assessment. After these tests, participants wore an arm-type continuous glucose monitor to monitor blood glucose levels, followed by the 21km treadmill test: the first 16km were run at a speed equivalent to 65% of their VO2 max, and the last 5km were completed at their fastest speed, with the treadmill speed adjustable as needed. Subsequent tests required participants to wear the same clothing for each run.

[0049] Fluid resuscitation was scheduled at 5 km, 10 km, and 15 km to simulate a half marathon. Participants' perceived physical exhaustion (RPE), thirst, and gastrointestinal comfort were recorded every 15 minutes. Sweat samples were collected using sweat collection patches placed on the forearms during the running test. Heart rate was also recorded in real-time using a heart rate monitor. Immediately after the running test, post-exercise assessments were conducted, including blood biomarker testing, nude weight measurement, perception scale evaluation, and lower limb strength assessment.

[0050] The above protocol was repeated 4 times, and each subject was randomly assigned to receive different random beverages (or no rehydration), with a 1-week washout period between each experiment.

[0051] The experimental procedure was as follows: baseline test → 7-day washout period → test 1 → 7-day washout period → test 2 → 7-day washout period → test 3 → 7-day washout period → test 4. All participants were required to avoid alcoholic or caffeinated beverages and strenuous physical activity for 24 hours prior to the experiment; their diet was to be recorded 24 hours before the first test and the same diet was to be repeated before each subsequent test.

[0052] 1.3 Nutritional Supplementation Plan In four running tests, subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following regimens: pure water (W), a commercially available sugar-electrolyte sports drink (containing 6% carbohydrates (a 1:2 mass ratio of edible glucose and white sugar) with an osmotic pressure of 342.2 mOsm / L) (GE), a sports nutrition drink prepared in Example 5 of this invention (CE0), a sports nutrition drink prepared in Example 6 of this invention (CE1), a sports nutrition drink prepared in Example 7 of this invention (CE), a sports nutrition drink from Comparative Example 1 (D1), a sports nutrition drink from Comparative Example 2 (D2), or no rehydration (N). Rehydration was performed at 5 km, 10 km, and 15 km (simulating an actual half marathon), with 150 mL of the corresponding beverage consumed at each time point. The beverages were dispensed in equal volumes into squeeze-type bottles to prevent liquid loss during consumption.

[0053] Table 1 Types of rehydration drinks

[0054] 1.4 Assessment of Maximum Oxygen Uptake (VO2max) VO2max was evaluated using an incremental load treadmill design, and the corresponding speeds for different VO2max intensities were calculated. The tests were conducted on a treadmill using a gas metabolism analysis system.

[0055] The incremental load treadmill program was as follows: Participants warmed up for 5 minutes at a speed of 8.0 km / h. After the warm-up, the speed was 9.6 km / h for the first minute, then increased by 1.6 km / h per minute until reaching 17.6 km / h. After exceeding 17.6 km / h, the speed was increased by 0.8 km / h per minute until the participant reached their maximum oxygen uptake. The treadmill incline was maintained at 1% throughout.

[0056] 1.5 Statistical Analysis All measured data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (X ± SD), and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 software. One-way ANOVA was used for all indicators within and between groups, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

[0057] 1.6 Weight Loss Assessment Subjects were weighed naked before and after exercise (using an electronic scale accurate to 0.001g). Clothing was removed, sweat was wiped off, and the bladder was emptied before weighing. Weight loss during the trial was used to calculate total fluid loss; sweat loss was calculated by subtracting fluid intake from weight loss. Water loss through respiration or carbon dioxide loss was considered negligible and remained consistent across trials.

[0058] 1.7 Hydration State Table 2 shows the participants' hydration status after exercise. The percentage of weight loss in groups D1, D2, CE, CE0, and CE1 was significantly lower than that in group N (p<0.05); the percentage of weight loss in groups CE, CE0, and CE1 was significantly lower than that in group D1 (p<0.05). This indicates that all beverages can improve hydration status, with the CE, CE0, and CE1 groups showing better effects.

[0059] Regarding changes in plasma volume, the CE, CE0, and CE1 groups were significantly lower than the N, D1, and D2 groups (p<0.05), the D2 group was significantly lower than the N group (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the N and D1 groups (p>0.05).

[0060] Regarding changes in plasma osmolality before and after exercise, the CE, CE0, and CE1 groups were significantly lower than the N, D1, and D2 groups (p<0.05), the D2 group was significantly lower than the N group (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the N and D1 groups (p>0.05).

[0061] Table 2 Results of hydration status for each group

[0062] Note: #, vs N, p<0.05, $, vs D1, p<0.05; &, vs D2, p<0.05.

[0063] Example 2: The sports nutrition beverage of this invention promotes the absorption of sodium and potassium ions. 1. Blood index measurement Hemoglobin and hematocrit were measured using a fully automated blood cell analyzer, and the percentage change in plasma volume was calculated accordingly. Collected blood samples were centrifuged at 3500 RPM for 15 minutes at 4°C to obtain plasma and serum samples. Serum sodium, potassium, and chloride levels were measured using an electrolyte analyzer.

[0064] 2. Sweat collection and analysis Hair was shaved from the test area before the run. After completing the 10km run, the subject's forearm skin was cleaned with alcohol and purified water. A sweat collection patch (Tegaderm™ dressing + absorbent pad, 3M, USA) was applied to the back of the left forearm to collect sweat. When moderate absorption of sweat (approximately 0.5 g) was observed but not saturated, the collection patch was removed. The absorbent pad was separated from the Tegaderm™ dressing with clean tweezers and placed in a sealed plastic tube. Sweat was separated from the collection patch by centrifugation, and the sodium content of the sweat was measured using an electrolyte analyzer. + ), potassium (K) + ), chlorine (Cl) -The background concentration of electrolytes in the absorbent pad was corrected using the regression equation established by Baker et al., and the sodium content of whole-body sweat was estimated from forearm sweat using their predictive model. + K + Cl - concentration.

[0065] Electrolyte balance is calculated by subtracting the total amount of electrolytes lost through sweat from the total amount of electrolytes ingested. Negative values ​​for both fluid and electrolyte balance indicate a deficit. The calculation assumes that the sweating rate and sweat electrolyte concentration remain constant throughout the process.

[0066] 3. Electrolyte balance Regarding sodium balance, the CE, D1, and D2 groups were significantly better than the N group (p<0.05), while the CE group was significantly better than the D1 and D2 groups (p<0.05).

[0067] Regarding potassium balance, the CE, D1, and D2 groups were significantly better than the N group (p<0.05), while the CE group was significantly better than the D1 and D2 groups (p<0.05).

[0068] Unlike sodium and potassium, there were no significant differences in chlorine balance among the groups (p>0.05).

[0069] Table 3 Electrolyte balance results for each group

[0070] Note: #, vs N, p<0.05, $, vs D1, p<0.05; &, vs D2, p<0.05.

[0071] Example 3: The sports nutrition beverage of this invention maintains blood glucose balance 1. Continuous glucose monitoring Blood glucose testing is performed using an arm-mounted continuous glucose meter. Before the treadmill test begins, the continuous glucose meter sensor is worn on the arm and connected via Bluetooth using a smartphone to record the subject's blood glucose changes during the test.

[0072] 2. Blood sugar level like Figure 1 As shown, in terms of blood glucose during exercise, the CE and GE groups were significantly better than the N group (p<0.05) and the W group (p<0.05) at all time points during exercise, while the blood glucose of the CE group was significantly better than that of the GE group at all time points during exercise (p<0.05).

[0073] Example 4: The sports nutrition beverage of the present invention improves athletic performance. 1.5km time trial After completing 16 kilometers, participants can adjust the treadmill speed to complete the last 5 kilometers at their fastest speed, and the time taken during this period is recorded.

[0074] Performance in 2-5 km races For the 5km time, the CE and GE groups were significantly better than the N group (p<0.05) and the W group (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the N group and the W group (p>0.05), while the CE group's 5km time was significantly better than the GE group (p<0.05).

[0075] Table 4 Results of 5km Race Performance in Each Group

[0076] Note: #, vs N, p<0.05, $, vs W, p<0.05; &, vs GE, p<0.05.

[0077] Example 5: The sports nutrition beverage of this invention improves gastrointestinal comfort. 1. Perception Scale Assessment Gastrointestinal comfort was assessed using a 0-4 Likert scale, with assessments conducted every 15 minutes.

[0078] 2. Gastrointestinal comfort score and area under the curve During the 21-kilometer run, gastrointestinal comfort remained stable under different hydration methods and did not change significantly over time.

[0079] Table 5. AUC of gastrointestinal comfort in each group

[0080] Note: #, vs N, p<0.05, $, vs W, p<0.05; &, vs GE, p<0.05.

[0081] like Figure 2 As shown, in terms of gastrointestinal comfort, the CE group and the GE group were significantly better than the N group (p<0.05) and the W group (p<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the N group and the W group (p>0.05), while the gastrointestinal comfort of the CE group was significantly better than that of the GE group (p<0.05).

[0082] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A composition for promoting human hydration, characterized in that, the composition is composed of the following weight parts of effective ingredients: trehalose 4-8 parts, glucose 0.1-1 part, crystalline fructose 0.1-1 part, maltodextrin 0.1-1 part, sodium (in terms of sodium ion content) 0.04-0.055 parts, potassium (in terms of potassium ion content) 0.015-0.025 parts.

2. The composition for promoting human hydration according to claim 1, characterized in that, the composition is composed of the following weight parts of effective ingredients: trehalose 5-7 parts, glucose 0.11-0.9 parts, crystalline fructose 0.11-0.9 parts, maltodextrin 0.11-0.9 parts, sodium (in terms of sodium ion content) 0.05-0.054 parts, potassium (in terms of potassium ion content) 0.016-0.024 parts.

3. The composition for promoting human hydration according to claim 1, characterized in that, the composition is composed of the following weight parts of effective ingredients: trehalose 6 parts, glucose 0.56 parts, crystalline fructose 0.56 parts, maltodextrin 0.56 parts, sodium salt (in terms of sodium ion content) 0.052 parts, potassium salt (in terms of potassium ion content) 0.02 parts.

4. The composition according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, the sodium salt is one or several of sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and sodium gluconate; the potassium salt is one or several of potassium chloride, potassium citrate, potassium acetate, potassium gluconate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium hydrogen phosphate.

5. Sports nutrition containing the composition according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, the sports nutrition further comprises the following weight parts of effective ingredients: vitamin B1 0.0001-0.005 parts, vitamin B6 0.0001-0.001 parts, vitamin C 0.01-0.1 parts.

6. The sports nutrition according to claim 5, characterized in that, the sports nutrition further comprises flavoring agents, sweeteners and pigments, the flavoring agents being selected from one or several of lemon, lime, orange, grapefruit, berry, mango, pineapple, passion fruit, guava, watermelon, cantaloupe, herbs, green tea, mint, ginger, peach, apple and coconut; the sweeteners are one or several of sucralose, acesulfame, aspartame and steviol glycosides; the preservatives are one or several of potassium sorbate and its potassium salt, benzoic acid and its sodium salt, nisin and carbon dioxide; the pigments are one or several of sunset yellow, lemon yellow, anthocyanin, monascus red, gardenia yellow, paprika red, cochineal and allura red.

7. A sports nutrition drink, characterized by, made from 12-4 parts by weight of the composition according to any one of claims 1-4 and 88-96 parts by weight of water.

8. Use of the sports nutrition drink according to claim 7 in promoting human hydration.

9. Use of the composition according to any one of claims 1-4 in any one of a) -d), a) preparing a product for improving human hydration capacity; b) preparing a product that maintains blood glucose homeostasis; c) preparing a product that improves the gastrointestinal tract; d) preparing a product that promotes sodium and / or potassium ion absorption.

10. The use according to claim 9, wherein, the product is a powder, a tablet, a capsule, a liquid, a spray, a paste or a sustained release.

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