Ancient building mural ground layer rock soil curing agent and preparation method and application thereof
By combining a soil-stabilizing agent made of inorganic materials such as volcanic ash silicate cement with the original ground layer, the compatibility and stability issues of the mural ground layer were solved, and the air permeability and compressive strength were improved, ensuring the long-term preservation of the mural.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511411597.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing materials for the restoration of ancient building murals lack long-term compatibility, impermeability, mechanical properties, and restoration stability, leading to repeated mural damage. Furthermore, the aging of organic restoration materials results in insufficient air permeability, affecting the long-term preservation of the murals.
A soil and rock solidifying agent made of inorganic materials such as volcanic ash silicate cement, desulfurized gypsum, slag and fly ash is mixed with the original ground soil with a similar composition to the original ground layer to form a composite repair material. The repair is carried out by injection grouting to ensure compatibility and stability with the mural.
It improves the air permeability and compressive strength of the ground layer, avoids secondary damage caused by the aging of organic repair materials, and achieves a long-term stable protective effect, which is in line with the concept of ecological and environmental protection.
Smart Images
Figure CN121292927A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of cultural relic protection and restoration technology, specifically to a soil and rock solidifying agent for the ground layer of ancient architectural murals, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology
[0002] Chinese mural art is a very important component of the Chinese nation's painting heritage, typically found on the walls of buildings, grottoes, tombs, and other structures. The ground layer is a crucial component of murals, usually located between the supporting structure (such as brick, stone, wood, or cliff face) and the paint layer, primarily serving to level and reinforce the base. In the structure of a mural, the ground layer, along with the supporting structure, the base coat, and the paint layer, together constitute a complete painting system.
[0003] The materials used for the ground layer vary depending on the region and era. Some are primarily composed of clay and fine mud; others are made mainly of lime and gypsum; and still others are composite layers mixed with hemp fibers and cotton. For example, the ground layer of the grottoes in Kucha, Xinjiang, contains lime or gypsum; the ground layer of the murals in the Dunhuang Grottoes of Gansu contains red clay, fine mud, and lime; and the ground layer of the murals in temples and ancestral halls in southern China is mainly made of a mixture of lime, clay, and sand, with some areas adding hemp fibers and rice husks as auxiliary materials. Most murals in various regions of my country have a two-layer structure for their ground layer: a fine mud layer and a coarse mud layer. The fine mud layer is generally 0.5-1 cm thick and is made of fine silt mixed with a suitable amount of hemp fiber. The coarse mud layer is thicker, generally 2-4 cm, and is made of silt, sand, and wheat straw.
[0004] The ground layer, bonded to the support structure below and bearing the pigment layer above, is a crucial factor in the long-term preservation of murals. Common defects in the ground layer include hollowing, efflorescence, and flaking. Current restoration techniques primarily involve grouting, desalination, and re-attachment. Hollowing is typically repaired by mixing acrylic emulsion with water, hard lime, clay, and fine straw to create a grout, which is then filled into the edges of the hollow area to bond the ground layer to the support. However, after 10-20 years, this defect recurs as the organic polymer mixture ages, threatening the mural with detachment. Desalination primarily involves using highly absorbent resins such as acrylic emulsion and polyvinyl acetate emulsion to absorb salts from the ground layer, or using materials like animal protein gelatin to reinforce the structure. However, the ground layer is prone to shrinkage in dry environments. When the adhesive ages and its porous structure fails, preventing it from regaining its original strength, rising humidity can cause the ground layer to curl and crack, severely damaging the mural. The re-attachment repair technique for flaking murals involves mixing mineral pigments and animal glue with water, then re-attaching the pigment layer to the ground layer. Acrylic resin or similar materials are used to reinforce the rough clay layer of the ground layer. Finally, a siding is used to support the pigment layer, and the mural is reattached to the wall. All of these repair techniques use organic chemical materials or animal glue as the primary adhesive. These materials have insufficient compatibility with the mural's ground layer, and after prolonged use, they are prone to varying degrees of aging, brittleness, yellowing, or mold growth, resulting in decreased mechanical properties. Furthermore, the film formed by organic materials lacks breathability, preventing proper humidity regulation within the mural and leading to expansion and powdering problems. The failure of organic restoration materials has led to the reappearance of mural damage. Mural damage is divided into direct and potential damage. Direct damage refers to issues such as flaking, yellowing, and large-scale peeling caused by incompatibility between the restoration materials and the original mural materials, or by the aging of the restoration materials. Potential damage includes efflorescence and other issues caused by the organic restoration materials disrupting the water-salt balance between the mural and the environment, as well as cracking and peeling caused by the instability and deformation of the restoration materials. These issues can even cause irreparable damage to ancient architectural murals. Furthermore, existing restoration materials fail to adhere to the ecological and environmental protection concept of "derived from nature and integrated into nature."
[0005] Therefore, how to solve the long-term compatibility, impermeability, mechanical properties, and restoration stability of the restoration materials for the ground layer of ancient building murals has become an urgent problem to be solved in the protection and restoration of cultural relics. Summary of the Invention
[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a soil and rock solidifier for the ground layer of ancient building murals. This soil and rock solidifier can solidify quickly, has good adhesion, and is compatible with the ground layer. It has the advantages of being resistant to moisture, freeze-thaw aging, salt, and mold, and is environmentally friendly and safe.
[0007] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A soil and rock solidifying agent for the ground layer of ancient building murals, comprising the following components by mass percentage: 25-50% pozzolanic silicate cement, 10-18% desulfurized gypsum, 25-40% slag, 10-20% fly ash, and 0-2% admixture.
[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the admixture includes at least one of water-reducing agent, surfactant, and activator.
[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water-reducing agent is selected from at least one of sodium silicate and sodium tripolyphosphate, which enhances the strength and durability of the ground layer; the surfactant is selected from at least one of inorganic silicon and polymeric surfactant; and the activator is selected from at least one of alkaline activators and acidic activators, which reinforces the ground layer.
[0010] This invention also provides a method for preparing the soil and rock solidifying agent for the ground layer of ancient architectural murals as described above, which includes the following steps: A1. Mix the pozzolanic silicate cement, desulfurized gypsum, slag, fly ash and admixtures according to the formula, and stir until fully homogeneous; A2. Ball mill the mixture and screen the fine raw materials to ensure that the particle size of the raw materials is below 1 mm; A3. The mixture is dried to obtain the soil and rock solidification agent.
[0011] The present invention also provides a composite restoration material containing the soil and rock solidifier for the ancient building mural base layer as described above, comprising the following components by mass percentage: soil and rock solidifier 1-3%, undisturbed base layer soil 97-99%. The sum of the mass of the soil and rock solidifier and the undisturbed base layer soil is 100%.
[0012] More preferably, the composite restoration material containing the soil and rock solidifier for the ancient building mural ground layer comprises the following components by mass percentage: 3% soil and rock solidifier and 97% undisturbed ground layer soil.
[0013] This invention also provides a method for repairing the ground layer of ancient architectural murals using the soil-rock solidifying agent or composite restoration material described above, which includes the following steps: S1. Scrape off samples of the in-situ stratum corneum and perform compositional analysis of the in-situ stratum corneum using X-ray diffraction analysis; S2. Based on the analysis results, select soil with a similar composition to the original ground layer and screen it. After dehydration, grind it and sieve it to a particle size of less than 1 mm to obtain the original ground layer soil. S3. Mix the soil and rock stabilizer and the original soil evenly according to the mass percentage of soil and rock stabilizer: original soil = 1~3%: 97~99%, add water and stir evenly to obtain a slurry with a water-cement ratio of 0.2~0.7; S4. Install grouting holes and grouting pipes at the places where the paint has fallen off or blurred in the mural. Use a support plate to support the mural and inject the grout prepared in step S3 into the hollow areas in the ground layer through the grouting holes using a syringe. S5. After the slurry has completely solidified and dried, remove the support plate and scan the mural with an infrared thermal imager to ensure that the hollow areas in the ground layer are repaired and compacted.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water-cement ratio of the slurry in step S3 is 0.45 to 0.65.
[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S4 involves gently tapping the support plate during the grouting process to ensure that the ground layer is filled densely.
[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the grouting in step S4 involves first pre-spraying the grout from top to bottom, and then grouting the grout from bottom to top after it has been fully absorbed by the ground layer.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The soil and rock solidifier of this invention contains inorganic materials such as pozzolanic silicate cement, gypsum, slag powder, and fly ash. These materials offer advantages such as high strength, good homogeneity, readily available materials, good impermeability, high compressive strength, good durability, wide applicability, and low cost. This effectively ensures the permeability of the ground layer soil, avoiding the problems of aging, insufficient permeability, and mold growth that occur with existing organic repair materials over long-term use, leading to a decline in mechanical properties and secondary damage. This invention combines a soil and rock solidifier composed of inorganic materials with undisturbed ground layer soil similar in composition to the original ground layer to form a composite repair material. It exhibits good compatibility with the original ground layer, can quickly solidify in the original environment, has good adhesion to the mural support, and possesses advantages such as resistance to moisture, freeze-thaw aging, salt, and mold. It is structurally stable, safe, non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and economical. Based on rigorous screening and scientific analysis, the repair method of this invention uses a syringe to inject composite repair materials, which is easy to control and convenient to construct. It can safely and effectively repair and protect murals, has good durability, and can effectively prevent the accumulation of repair materials or excessive use from causing them to seep into the mural surface and damage the mural. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a photograph of the mural before restoration, as shown in Example 1 of the application of this invention. Figure 2 This is an in-situ soil sample scraped in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 The original soil sample selected based on the analysis results is from Example 1 of the present invention. Figure 4 The slurry (4a) with a water-cement ratio of about 0.3 and the slurry (4b) with a water-cement ratio of about 0.7 were prepared in Example 1 of this invention. Figure 5 This is a photograph of the mural restored according to Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a photograph of the mural before restoration, as shown in Example 2 of the application of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a photograph of the mural after restoration, as shown in Example 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0020] Ancient Chinese murals are generally categorized by their location, including exterior wall murals of ancient buildings, grotto murals, and tomb murals. The geographical and geological conditions of each location vary, and murals, often situated in damp, enclosed environments, are vulnerable to numerous factors affecting their safety. They may be susceptible to erosion from rain and wind, exposure to sunlight, and even earthquakes. The supporting structures for the ground layer can include brick walls, earthen walls, rock formations, and wood. Over hundreds or thousands of years, the materials used in creating the ground layer gradually deteriorate, crystallize, and detach from the supporting structure. This weakens the bonding between material layers, making the mural extremely fragile. After comprehensively considering the above factors, and adhering to the principles of not altering the original state of the cultural relics, minimizing intervention, restoring the old as it was, and ensuring the reversibility of protection and restoration measures, the applicant has developed a soil-rock solidifying agent for restoring the base layer of ancient architectural murals. This soil-rock solidifying agent specifically comprises the following components by mass percentage: 25-50% pozzolanic silicate cement, 10-18% desulfurized gypsum, 25-40% slag, 10-20% fly ash, and 0-2% admixtures. In this soil-rock solidifying agent, the pozzolanic silicate cement, when mixed with desulfurized lime and water, forms a high-strength, highly water-resistant mortar, enhancing the strength, durability, and erosion resistance of the base layer. The desulfurized gypsum increases the stability and cohesiveness of the mortar. The slag increases the strength of the hydrates, regulates the heat of hydration, and improves durability. The fly ash enhances durability and improves the workability of the mortar. The addition of admixtures is determined based on the soil type, temperature, humidity, and other environmental factors of the original base layer. The admixtures include, but are not limited to, water-reducing agents, surfactants, and activators. Specifically, the water-reducing agent is selected from at least one of sodium silicate and sodium tripolyphosphate; the surfactant is selected from at least one of inorganic silicon and polymeric surfactants; and the activator is selected from at least one of alkaline activators and acidic activators. This soil and rock solidification agent is a fragmented inorganic composite material with advantages such as high strength, good homogeneity, convenient material sourcing, good impermeability, high compressive strength, good durability, and wide applicability. It also has excellent air permeability and good repair stability, effectively avoiding the problems of material aging, insufficient air permeability, and mold growth that occur with organic repair materials in the later stages, leading to a decline in the mechanical properties of the material.
[0021] The preparation method of the above-mentioned soil and rock solidification agent specifically includes the following steps: A1. Mix the pozzolanic silicate cement, desulfurized gypsum, slag, fly ash and admixtures according to the formula, and stir until fully homogeneous; A2. Ball mill the mixture and screen the fine raw materials to ensure that the particle size of the raw materials is below 1 mm; A3. The mixture is dried to obtain the soil and rock solidification agent.
[0022] The preparation method is simple, environmentally friendly and economical. By controlling the particle size of the soil and rock solidifier, it makes grouting easy, repair and construction convenient.
[0023] To ensure that the restoration materials conform to the ecological and environmental protection concept of "derived from nature and integrated with nature," the applicant has added undisturbed soil with a similar composition to the original ground layer to form a novel inorganic composite restoration material based on a soil-stabilizing agent. Specifically, this composite restoration material containing a soil-stabilizing agent for the ground layer of ancient architectural murals comprises the following components by mass percentage: 1-3% soil-stabilizing agent and 97-99% undisturbed ground layer soil. That is, approximately 10-30g of soil-stabilizing agent is added per 1kg of composite restoration material. The undisturbed ground layer soil refers to the on-site soil with a similar composition to the ground layer to be restored. This invention's composite restoration material, by adding a soil-stabilizing agent to undisturbed ground layer soil with a similar composition, maximizes the similarity in materials and properties between the restoration material and the original ground layer, effectively improving the compatibility between the composite restoration material and the original ground layer, thereby enhancing the bonding strength and ensuring a firm bond between the ground layer and the support structure, truly achieving restoration that is both original and structurally stable. In some preferred embodiments, the composite remediation material is composed of 3% soil-stabilizing agent and 97% undisturbed soil. The composite remediation material exhibits optimal performance when the soil-stabilizing agent accounts for 3%.
[0024] Applying the aforementioned soil-stabilizing agent or composite repair material to the restoration of the ground layer of ancient architectural murals yields excellent repair results with good long-term stability, high compressive strength, and strong impermeability, effectively meeting the protection and restoration requirements of ancient architectural murals. Specifically, the method for restoring the ground layer of ancient architectural murals using the aforementioned soil-stabilizing agent or composite repair material includes the following steps: S1. Scrape in-situ stratum samples and perform main component analysis of the in-situ stratum by X-ray diffraction analysis; S2. Based on the analysis results, select soil with a similar composition to the original ground layer and screen it. After dehydration, grind it and sieve it to a particle size of less than 1 mm to obtain the original ground layer soil.
[0025] S3. Mix the soil and rock stabilizer and the original soil evenly according to the mass percentage of 1~3% : 97~99% (soil stabilizer: original soil). Add water and stir evenly to obtain a grout with a water-cement ratio of 0.2~0.7. The preferred water-cement ratio of the grout is 0.45~0.65. At this water-cement ratio, the grout has good groutability, a suitable initial setting speed, and can obtain an ideal grouting effect.
[0026] S4. Using a drill bit, drill holes with a diameter of 0.5~1.0cm in the areas where the paint has peeled off or blurred in the mural. Clean the debris inside the hollow areas of the ground layer with tools. Depending on the degree and area of hollowness in the mural, use a hand drill to drill grouting holes with a diameter of about 2mm in the areas where the paint has peeled off or blurred. Distribute the grouting holes evenly in all directions. Use transparent plastic tubes as grouting pipes and embed them so that the grouting pipes are distributed vertically to facilitate the flow of grout and ensure even distribution. Use a support plate to support the mural. Use a syringe to pre-spray grout with a water-cement ratio of 0.2~0.4 from top to bottom. After it is fully absorbed by the ground layer, inject grout with a water-cement ratio of 0.4~0.7 from bottom to top through the grouting holes into the hollow areas of the ground layer. During the grouting process, gently tap the support plate to ensure that the ground layer is filled densely.
[0027] S5. After the slurry has completely solidified and dried, remove the support plate and scan the mural with an infrared thermal imager to ensure that the hollow areas in the ground layer are repaired and compacted.
[0028] Example 1 A soil and rock solidifying agent for repairing the ground layer of murals in ancient buildings, specifically comprising the following components by mass percentage: 35% pozzolanic silicate cement, 15% desulfurized gypsum, 35% slag powder, 13% fly ash, and 2% sodium silicate.
[0029] The above-mentioned soil and rock solidification agent is prepared according to the following preparation method: A1. Mix the pozzolanic silicate cement, desulfurized gypsum, slag, fly ash and admixtures according to the formula, and stir until fully homogeneous; A2. Ball mill the mixture and screen the fine raw materials to ensure that the particle size of the raw materials is below 1 mm; A3. The mixture is dried to obtain the soil and rock solidification agent.
[0030] I. Performance Testing of Soil and Rock Stabilizers Composite repair materials were prepared by mixing the soil-stabilizing agent obtained in Example 1 with the same undisturbed ground soil at addition rates of 1%, 2%, and 3%, respectively. The undisturbed ground soil mainly consisted of yellow sandy clay, fine sand, and quicklime powder. The composite repair material was then made into 100×100mm test blocks. The specific preparation process was as follows: Undisturbed ground soil was taken, and after simple classification, screening, dehydration, and crushing, the powder soil with a particle size of 1mm was mixed with the soil-stabilizing agent according to the mixing ratio. Water was added and stirred evenly to obtain a slurry with a water-cement ratio of 0.7. The slurry was poured into a 100×100mm mold, and after complete curing, it was demolded and allowed to stand for thorough drying to obtain 100×100mm test blocks. The test blocks were subjected to compressive strength, impermeability, and long-term crack resistance tests. The specific testing methods are as follows: 1. Compressive strength test: The unconfined compressive strength of the test blocks was tested under two curing periods: 30 days and 180 days.
[0031] 2. Permeability test: The test blocks are subjected to a permeability test under a pressure of 0.2 MPa. The permeability performance of the test blocks is observed, the pressure difference is measured, the permeability coefficient of the solidified soil is measured, and its waterproof performance is evaluated.
[0032] 3. Long-term crack resistance test: After curing the test blocks for 7 days, they were immersed in aqueous solution for 28 days, 90 days, and 180 days respectively, and then stored at 20°C. 0 C±5 0 At an ambient temperature of C, the width of surface cracks on the test block was tested by simulating accelerated wet and dry cycles 50 years later.
[0033] The results are shown in Table 1.
[0034] Table 1 Performance of the Soil and Rock Stabilizer in Example 1
[0035] As shown in Table 1, the compressive strength of the soil and rock solidifier prepared in Example 1 reaches 0.5~1MPa, the strength decay rate over 50 years is ≤15%, the surface crack width of the solidified layer after simulating 50 years of wet-dry cycles is ≤0.3mm, and the permeability coefficient is ≤1.0×10⁻⁶. ⁻4 The density of the rock and soil stabilizer in this invention is cm / s, indicating that it effectively ensures the air permeability of the ground layer and effectively inhibits rainwater infiltration and long-term natural environmental erosion.
[0036] Example 2 A soil-rock solidifying agent for repairing the ground layer of murals in ancient buildings, specifically comprising the following components by mass percentage: 35% pozzolanic silicate cement, 15% desulfurized gypsum, 35% slag powder, 13% fly ash, and 2% inorganic silicon.
[0037] The preparation method of the soil and rock solidification agent in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.
[0038] Example 3 A soil-rock solidifying agent for repairing the ground layer of murals in ancient buildings, specifically comprising the following components by mass percentage: 25% pozzolanic silicate cement, 16% desulfurized gypsum, 38% slag powder, 19% fly ash, and 2% sodium tripolyphosphate.
[0039] The preparation method of the soil and rock solidification agent in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.
[0040] Example 4 A soil-rock solidifying agent for repairing the ground layer of murals in ancient buildings, specifically comprising the following components by mass percentage: 30% pozzolanic silicate cement, 18% desulfurized gypsum, 35% slag powder, 15% fly ash, and 2% acid activator.
[0041] The preparation method of the soil and rock solidification agent in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.
[0042] Example 5 A soil-rock solidifying agent for repairing the ground layer of murals in ancient buildings, specifically comprising the following components by mass percentage: 45% pozzolanic silicate cement, 12% desulfurized gypsum, 30% slag powder, 11% fly ash, and 2% sodium silicate.
[0043] The preparation method of the soil and rock solidification agent in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1.
[0044] Application Example 1 This application example is the restoration project of the murals in Gongxun Tower, Tangjia Ancient Town, Zhuhai City. Figure 1 As shown, before restoration, the murals in the Gongxun Tower of Tangjia Ancient Town exhibited some hollowing of the ground layer and peeling of the paint layer. The soil-rock solidifier prepared in Example 1 was used to restore the ground layer of the murals in the Gongxun Tower of Tangjia Ancient Town. The specific process is as follows: S1. Scrape off the ground layer from the damaged area of the mural to obtain the following: Figure 2 The original soil sample is shown. The composition of the original soil sample was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The main components of the original soil were yellow sandy clay, fine sand, and lime powder. S2. Based on the analysis results, select soils with a composition similar to the original soil layer and screen them. After dehydration, grind the soil and sieve it to a particle size of 1 mm to obtain the following... Figure 3 The original soil condition shown; S3. Mix the soil stabilizer and undisturbed soil evenly according to the mass percentage of 3% : 97% (solid rock stabilizer : undisturbed soil). Add water and stir evenly to obtain a slurry with a water-cement ratio of approximately 0.3 (e.g., soil stabilizer : undisturbed soil). Figure 4 (as shown in a) and a slurry with a water-cement ratio of approximately 0.7 (such as...) Figure 4 (as shown in b) S4. Clean the alkaline debris around the surface of the mural. Use a drill to make holes with a diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm around the hollow areas of the mural where the paint is blurred. Then use a small brush to clean the dust from the hollow base layer, exposing the underlying soil layer. Lay out grouting holes, with a hole diameter of 2 mm, roughly distributed vertically and horizontally. Install grouting pipes. Since the hollow area of this mural is relatively small and shallow, first, use Xuan paper to cover the hollow areas to prevent the surrounding paint layer from being contaminated and damaged. Then, use a syringe to inject a grout with a water-cement ratio of 0.3 from top to bottom for pre-reinforcement. After the original base layer has been fully absorbed, use a grout with a water-cement ratio of 0.7 to grout from bottom to top. During the grouting process, gently tap the mural by hand to ensure that the base layer is filled densely. Transparent thin plastic sheets should also be used to support the mural during grouting to prevent the grout from overflowing. S5. After the slurry has completely solidified and dried, remove the transparent thin film and scan the mural with an infrared thermal imager. No obvious heat spots appeared in the original hollow areas and the surrounding filling areas, ensuring that the hollow areas in the ground layer have been repaired and made dense.
[0045] Figure 5 These are photos of the restored murals at Gongxun Tower in Tangjia Ancient Town, by [author's name]. Figure 5 It is known that the ground layer of the murals in Gongxun Tower of Tangjia Ancient Town has been restored to a dense state.
[0046] Application Example 2 This application example is the mural restoration project of the Tangjia Ancient Town Grand Theater in Zhuhai City, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the murals in the Tangjia Ancient Town Grand Theater before restoration suffered severe damage to some of their ground layer and pigment layer. The soil-hardening agent prepared in Example 2 was used to restore the ground layer of the murals in the Gongxun Tower of Tangjia Ancient Town. The specific process is as follows: S1. Scrape the ground layer at the damaged part of the mural to obtain the original ground layer soil sample. The original ground layer soil sample was analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The main components of the original ground layer soil were yellow sandy clay soil, fine sand, lime powder, etc. S2. Based on the analysis results, select soil with a similar composition to the original ground layer and screen it. After dehydration, grind it and sieve it to a particle size of 1mm to obtain the original ground layer soil. S3. Mix the soil and rock stabilizer and the original soil evenly according to the mass percentage of soil and rock stabilizer: original soil = 3%: 97%, add water and stir evenly to obtain a slurry with a water-cement ratio of about 0.45 and a slurry with a water-cement ratio of about 0.65. S4. Clean the hollow areas of the mural's base coat and remove debris from the paint layer. Use a drill to create holes with a diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm around the hollow areas where the paint is blurred. Use a special tool to remove all loose material from the surface of the hollow base coat. Lay out grouting holes, roughly in a top-bottom and left-right pattern, with a hole diameter of 2 mm. Install grouting pipes, arranged vertically to facilitate grout flow and ensure even distribution. Then, use a syringe to inject a grout with a water-cement ratio of 0.4 from top to bottom for spraying and reinforcement. After the original base coat layer has fully absorbed the grout, use a grout with a water-cement ratio of 0.65 to grout from bottom to top. During grouting, gently tap the surface by hand to ensure a dense filling of the base coat layer. Use wooden boards to support the mural during grouting to prevent grout overflow. S5. After the slurry has completely solidified and dried, remove the wooden board and scan the mural with an infrared thermal imager. No obvious heat spots appeared in the original hollow areas and the surrounding filling areas, ensuring that the hollow areas in the ground layer have been repaired and made dense.
[0047] Figure 7 These are photographs of the restored murals at the Tangjia Ancient Town Grand Theater, by [author's name]. Figure 7 It is known that the ground layer of the murals in the Tangjia Ancient Town Grand Theater has been restored to a dense state.
[0048] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
Claims
1. A soil and rock solidifying agent for the ground layer of ancient architectural murals, characterized in that: It includes the following components by mass percentage: 25-50% pozzolanic silicate cement, 10-18% desulfurized gypsum, 25-40% slag, 10-20% fly ash, and 0-2% admixtures.
2. The soil and rock solidifying agent for the ground layer of ancient building murals according to claim 1, characterized in that: The admixture includes at least one of water-reducing agents, surfactants, and activators.
3. The soil and rock solidifying agent for the ground layer of ancient building murals according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water-reducing agent is selected from at least one of sodium silicate and sodium tripolyphosphate; the surfactant is selected from at least one of inorganic silicon and polymeric surfactant; and the activator is selected from at least one of alkaline activators and acidic activators.
4. A method for preparing a soil and rock solidifying agent for the ground layer of ancient architectural murals as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: A1. Mix the pozzolanic silicate cement, desulfurized gypsum, slag, fly ash and admixtures according to the formula, and stir until fully homogeneous; A2. Ball mill the mixture and screen the fine raw materials to ensure that the particle size of the raw materials is below 1 mm; A3. The mixture is dried to obtain the soil and rock solidification agent.
5. A composite restoration material containing a soil and rock solidifying agent for the ground layer of ancient architectural murals as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: It includes the following components by mass percentage: 1-3% soil stabilizer and 97-99% undisturbed soil.
6. The composite repair material of the ancient building mural ground layer soil and rock solidifier according to claim 5, characterized in that: It includes the following components by mass percentage: 3% soil stabilizer and 97% undisturbed soil.
7. A method for repairing the ground layer of ancient architectural murals using the soil and rock solidifying agent as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 or the composite restoration material as described in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Scrape off samples of the in-situ stratum corneum and perform compositional analysis of the in-situ stratum corneum using X-ray diffraction analysis; S2. Based on the analysis results, select soil with a similar composition to the original ground layer and screen it. After dehydration, grind it and sieve it to a particle size of less than 1 mm to obtain the original ground layer soil. S3. Mix the soil and rock stabilizer and the original soil evenly according to the mass percentage of soil and rock stabilizer: original soil = 1~3%: 97~99%, add water and stir evenly to obtain a slurry with a water-cement ratio of 0.2~0.7; S4. Install grouting holes and grouting pipes at the places where the paint has fallen off or blurred in the mural. Use a support plate to support the mural and inject the grout prepared in step S3 into the hollow areas in the ground layer through the grouting holes using a syringe. S5. After the slurry has completely solidified and dried, remove the support plate and scan the mural with an infrared thermal imager to ensure that the hollow areas in the ground layer are repaired and compacted.
8. The method for restoring the ground layer of ancient building murals according to claim 7, characterized in that: The water-cement ratio of the slurry in step S is 0.45~0.
65.
9. The method for restoring the ground layer of murals in ancient buildings according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, gently tap the support plate during the grouting process to ensure that the ground layer is filled densely.
10. The method for restoring the ground layer of murals in ancient buildings according to claim 7, characterized in that: The grouting in step S4 involves first pre-spraying the grout from top to bottom, and then grouting it from bottom to top after it has been fully absorbed by the ground layer.