Application of feed additive in improving growth performance, glycolipid metabolism capability, oxidation resistance and / or iridovirus resistance of mandarin fish

Abstract

The invention provides application of a feed additive in improving growth performance, glycolipid metabolism capability, oxidation resistance and / or iridovirus resistance of mandarin fish. The feed additive comprises 63-67 parts of beta-sitosterol, 23-27 parts of campesterol and 8-12 parts of stigmasterol. When the feed additive is applied to mandarin fish compound feed, the mandarin fish growth speed and the feed utilization efficiency can be increased, the mandarin fish glycolipid metabolism capability is enhanced, the mandarin fish oxidation resistance and the iridovirus challenge survival rate are improved, and the sustainable development of the mandarin fish culture industry is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, specifically to the application of a feed additive in improving the growth performance, glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and / or anti-iridovirus capacity of mandarin fish. Background Technology

[0002] Mandarin fish ( Micropterus salmoides Mandarin fish, also known as osmanthus fish, has tender flesh, delicious taste, and no intramuscular bones. It is a major freshwater precious fish produced in my country, with an annual output of about 400,000 tons.

[0003] Mandarin fish is a typical carnivorous fish. Since the 1980s, key technologies such as artificial spawning induction, seedling cultivation, and aquaculture of mandarin fish have been gradually solved, forming a mature and large-scale mandarin fish farming system with complementary forage fish. However, live bait costs are high and the ecological pressure is enormous. In recent years, my country has made breakthrough progress in the research of artificial feed for mandarin fish, establishing effective and stable methods for training mandarin fish to accept artificial feed, leading to the rapid development of commercial mandarin fish feed. As a carnivorous fish, mandarin fish has a high demand for protein in its feed, especially fishmeal, while the proportion of plant materials in mandarin fish feed is relatively low. Carbohydrates are low in cost and widely available, and have advantages such as saving protein and promoting fish growth. Therefore, increasing the amount of carbohydrates in fish feed can reduce costs and increase efficiency. However, compared with mammals, fish have a relatively low carbohydrate utilization efficiency. Long-term high sugar intake can easily lead to hyperglycemia and liver lipid deposition, and carnivorous fish have an even lower carbohydrate utilization rate than other fish.

[0004] Compared to other economically important fish species, commercial feed for mandarin fish is not yet mature, which seriously restricts the healthy and rapid development of mandarin fish farming. Therefore, developing a green and efficient feed additive to improve the growth and healthy farming of mandarin fish is of great significance both theoretically and practically. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the aforementioned defects and deficiencies in the existing technology, the present invention provides an application of a feed additive in improving the growth performance, glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity and / or anti-iridovirus capacity of mandarin fish.

[0006] The first objective of this invention is to provide an application of a feed additive in improving the growth performance, glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and / or anti-iridovirus capacity of mandarin fish.

[0007] The second objective of this invention is to provide a compound feed for mandarin fish.

[0008] A third objective of this invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned compound feed for mandarin fish in improving the growth performance of mandarin fish.

[0009] The fourth objective of this invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned compound feed for mandarin fish in improving the glucose and lipid metabolism capacity of mandarin fish.

[0010] The fifth objective of this invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned compound feed for mandarin fish in improving the antioxidant capacity of mandarin fish.

[0011] The sixth objective of this invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned compound feed for mandarin fish in improving the resistance of mandarin fish to iridovirus.

[0012] This invention claims protection for the following: The application of a feed additive in improving the growth performance, glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity and / or anti-iridovirus capacity of mandarin fish, wherein the feed additive comprises, by weight, 63-67 parts of β-sitosterol, 23-27 parts of campesterol and 8-12 parts of stigmasterol.

[0013] Preferably, the feed additive contains 65 parts by weight of β-sitosterol, 25 parts by weight of campesterol and 10 parts by weight of stigmasterol.

[0014] Preferably, improving the growth performance of mandarin fish means improving the survival rate and feed efficiency of mandarin fish.

[0015] A compound feed for mandarin fish, comprising the aforementioned feed additives.

[0016] Preferably, the amount of the feed additive added to the mandarin fish compound feed is 0.05 to 0.1 parts by weight.

[0017] Preferably, by weight, the mandarin fish compound feed further comprises 38-42 parts fish meal, 11-15 parts soybean meal, 5-9 parts peanut meal, 8-12 parts soybean protein concentrate, 9.5-11.5 parts wheat flour, 3-7 parts shrimp meal, 5-9 parts chicken meal, 3-7 parts blood meal, 2-6 parts fish oil, 2-6 parts soybean oil, 0.5-1.5 parts soybean lecithin, 0.5-1.5 parts vitamin composition, 0.5-1.5 parts mineral salt composition, 0.05-0.15 parts vitamin C phosphate, 0.1-0.3 parts choline (50% by mass), and 0.5-1.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate. The vitamin composition comprises the following components per kilogram: vitamin B2, 8–12 mg; vitamin A, 4800–5200 IU; vitamin E, 38–42 mg; vitamin D3, 800–1200 IU; vitamin K, 8–12 mg; vitamin B6, 8–12 mg; vitamin B12, 0.01–0.03 mg; vitamin H, 0.08–0.12 mg; vitamin B1, 3–7 mg; calcium pantothenate, 18–22 mg; folic acid, 0.8–1.2 mg; niacin, 38–42 mg; and vitamin C, 148–152 mg. The mineral salt composition comprises the following components per kilogram: iron, 98–102 mg; iodine, 0.6–1.0 mg; copper, 1–5 mg; zinc, 48–52 mg; manganese, 10–14 mg; selenium, 0.1–0.5 mg; and cobalt, 0.1–0.3 mg.

[0018] More preferably, by weight, the mandarin fish compound feed further comprises 40 parts fish meal, 13 parts soybean meal, 7 parts peanut meal, 10 parts soybean protein concentrate, 10.65 parts wheat flour, 5 parts shrimp meal, 7 parts chicken meal, 5 parts blood meal, 4 parts fish oil, 4 parts soybean oil, 1 part soybean lecithin, 1 part vitamin composition, 1 part mineral salt composition, 0.1 part vitamin C phosphate, 0.2 parts choline with a mass fraction of 50%, and 1 part calcium dihydrogen phosphate; The vitamin composition comprises the following components per kilogram: vitamin B2, 10 mg; vitamin A, 5000 IU; vitamin E, 40 mg; vitamin D3, 1000 IU; vitamin K, 10 mg; vitamin B6, 10 mg; vitamin B12, 0.02 mg; vitamin H, 0.1 mg; vitamin B1, 5 mg; calcium pantothenate, 20 mg; folic acid, 1 mg; niacin, 40 mg; and vitamin C, 150 mg. The composition of each kilogram of commercial mineral salt is as follows: iron, 100 mg; iodine, 0.8 mg; copper, 3 mg; zinc, 50 mg; manganese, 12 mg; selenium, 0.3 mg; cobalt, 0.2 mg.

[0019] The above-mentioned compound feed for mandarin fish is used to improve the growth performance of mandarin fish.

[0020] The above-mentioned compound feed for mandarin fish is used to improve the glucose and lipid metabolism of mandarin fish.

[0021] The above-mentioned compound feed for mandarin fish is used to improve the antioxidant capacity of mandarin fish.

[0022] The above-mentioned compound feed for mandarin fish is used to improve the resistance of mandarin fish to iridovirus.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides an application of a feed additive in improving the growth performance, glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and / or resistance to iridovirus in mandarin fish. Applying this feed additive to compound feed for mandarin fish can improve growth rate and feed utilization efficiency, enhance glucose and lipid metabolism, improve antioxidant capacity and iridovirus survival rate, and promote the sustainable development of the mandarin fish farming industry. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments, but the embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods, and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods, and equipment in this technical field.

[0025] Unless otherwise specified, all reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0026] The feed efficiency and survival rate described in the examples and comparative examples were calculated using the following formulas: Feed efficiency = (final weight - initial weight) / feed intake; Survival rate (%) = Final number of mandarin fish / Initial number of mandarin fish × 100%.

[0027] Example 1: Preparation of feed additives The formulations of feed additives 1-5 are shown in Table 1. After weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts of each component in Table 1, mix them evenly to obtain feed additives 1-5.

[0028] Table 1 Feed Additive Formulation

[0029] Example 2: Preparation of compound feed for mandarin fish The formulation composition of the mandarin fish compound feed is shown in Table 2. Compound feed 1 was used as the control group without the addition of feed additives. Compound feeds 2-6 were prepared by adding feed additives 1-5 prepared in Example 1, and were prepared according to conventional mandarin fish feed production processes.

[0030] Table 2. Composition of Compound Feed for Mandarin Fish

[0031] Note: The composition of vitamins per kilogram of product is as follows: Vitamin B2, 10 mg; Vitamin A, 5000 IU; Vitamin E, 40 mg; Vitamin D3, 1000 IU; Vitamin K, 10 mg; Vitamin B6, 10 mg; Vitamin B12, 0.02 mg; Vitamin H, 0.1 mg; Vitamin B1, 5 mg; Calcium pantothenate, 20 mg; Folic acid, 1 mg; Niacin, 40 mg; Vitamin C, 150 mg.

[0032] The composition of each kilogram of commercial mineral salt is as follows: iron, 100 mg; iodine, 0.8 mg; copper, 3 mg; zinc, 50 mg; manganese, 12 mg; selenium, 0.3 mg; cobalt, 0.2 mg.

[0033] Example 3: Preparation of compound feed for mandarin fish In this embodiment, mandarin fish compound feed 7 is prepared according to mandarin fish compound feed 5 in embodiment 2, the difference being that the amount of feed additive 4 added is 0.1 parts by weight.

[0034] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example prepares mandarin fish compound feed 8 according to the mandarin fish compound feed 5 in Example 2, the difference being that the amount of feed additive 4 added is 0.01 parts by weight.

[0035] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example prepares mandarin fish compound feed 9 according to the mandarin fish compound feed 5 in Example 2, the difference being that the amount of feed additive 4 added is 0.02 parts by weight.

[0036] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example prepares mandarin fish compound feed 10 according to the mandarin fish compound feed 5 in Example 2, the difference being that the amount of feed additive 4 added is 0.2 parts by weight.

[0037] Example 4: Effects of different formulated feeds for mandarin fish on growth performance and feed efficiency of mandarin fish I. Experimental Methods Under identical conditions of water quality, management, and initial weight of juvenile mandarin fish, mandarin fish were fed with formulated feeds 1-7 prepared in the examples and formulated feeds 8-10 prepared in the comparative examples for 56 days, twice a day (9:00 and 17:00), with a daily feed amount of 3-4% of the mandarin fish's body weight. After the culture experiment, the mandarin fish were weighed, and feed efficiency and survival rate were calculated.

[0038] II. Experimental Results The effects of compound feed 1 to 6 on the growth performance and feed efficiency of mandarin fish are shown in Table 3. The results showed that the final weight and feed efficiency of mandarin fish in the compound feed 5 group were significantly higher than those in the other 5 groups, and there was no significant difference in the survival rate of mandarin fish among the groups.

[0039] The above results indicate that applying the additives of this invention to mandarin fish compound feed can effectively improve the growth rate and feed efficiency of mandarin fish. The other four feed additives did not show any growth-promoting effect compared to the control group; in fact, feed additives 1 and 2 had some negative impact on the growth of mandarin fish.

[0040] Table 3. Effects of formulated feeds 1–6 on the growth performance and feed efficiency of mandarin fish.

[0041] Note: Results are expressed as mean ± standard error. Each group has four parallels. Different letters after the data in the same row indicate a significant difference. P <0.05).

[0042] The effects of compound feed 5 and compound feed 7-10 on the growth performance and feed efficiency of mandarin fish are shown in Table 4. As can be seen from the results in Table 4, the final weight and feed efficiency of mandarin fish in compound feed 5 and compound feed 7 are significantly higher than those in other groups. This indicates that the amount of feed additive 4 prepared in Example 1 has a significant impact on the growth of mandarin fish. The effect is best when the amount added is 0.05-0.1 parts by weight, which can significantly promote the growth and feed utilization of mandarin fish and is significantly better than the compound feeds with added amounts of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.2 parts by weight.

[0043] Table 4. Effects of different formulated feeds on the growth performance and feed efficiency of mandarin fish.

[0044] Note: Results are expressed as mean ± standard error. Each group has four parallels. Different letters after the data in the same row indicate a significant difference. P <0.05).

[0045] Example 5: Effects of different formulated feeds for mandarin fish on glucose and lipid metabolism in mandarin fish I. Experimental Methods After the mandarin fish farming experiment in Example 4 was completed, the glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol content in the blood of mandarin fish was detected using a kit to evaluate the effects of different formulated feeds on the glucose and lipid metabolism of mandarin fish.

[0046] II. Experimental Results The effects of compound feed 1 to 6 on glucose and lipid metabolism in mandarin fish are shown in Table 5. The results showed that the blood glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol content of mandarin fish fed compound feed 5 was the lowest among all groups, and all were significantly lower than those of the control group (compound feed 1 group) and compound feed 2 group. There were no significant differences in glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol content among the other 5 groups.

[0047] The above results indicate that applying feed additive 4 prepared in Example 1 to mandarin fish compound feed can promote glucose and lipid metabolism in mandarin fish. Feed additives 2, 3, and 5 can only improve glucose and lipid metabolism in mandarin fish to a certain extent, while feed additive 1 has no positive effect on glucose and lipid metabolism in mandarin fish.

[0048] Table 5. Effects of formulated feed 1–6 on glucose and lipid metabolism in mandarin fish.

[0049] Note: Results are expressed as mean ± standard error. Each group has four parallels. Different letters after the data in the same row indicate a significant difference. P <0.05).

[0050] The effects of compound feed 5 and compound feed 7-10 on the glucose and lipid metabolism of mandarin fish are shown in Table 6. The results in Table 6 show that the blood glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels of mandarin fish fed compound feed 5 and compound feed 7 were the lowest among all groups. This indicates that the amount of feed additive 4 prepared in Example 1 has a significant impact on the glucose and lipid metabolism of mandarin fish, with the best effect observed at an addition amount of 0.05-0.1 parts by weight, which is significantly better than that of the compound feed at an addition amount of 0.01 parts by weight.

[0051] Table 6. Effects of different formulated feeds on glucose and lipid metabolism in mandarin fish.

[0052] Note: Results are expressed as mean ± standard error. Each group has four parallels. Different letters after the data in the same row indicate a significant difference. P <0.05).

[0053] Example 6: Effects of different formulated feeds for mandarin fish on the antiviral and antioxidant capacity of mandarin fish. I. Experimental Methods After the mandarin fish farming experiment in Example 4 was completed, 10 mandarin fish were taken from each farming tank for iridovirus challenge experiment. The survival rate of mandarin fish was counted 3 days after injection of iridovirus, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the blood of mandarin fish were detected using a kit.

[0054] II. Experimental Results The effects of formulated feeds 1-6 on the antiviral and antioxidant capacity of mandarin fish are shown in Table 7. The results showed that the SOD and CAT activities in the blood of mandarin fish fed formulated feed 5 were the highest among all groups, and significantly higher than the other five groups. There were no significant differences in SOD and CAT activities among the other five groups. The experimental results indicate that applying feed additive 4 prepared in Example 1 to mandarin fish feed can improve the antioxidant capacity of mandarin fish. Simultaneously, the survival rate of mandarin fish fed formulated feed 5 after iridovirus challenge was the highest among all groups, and significantly higher than that of formulated feed groups 1, 2, 3, and 6.

[0055] The above results indicate that applying the feed additive 4 prepared in Example 1 to the compound feed of mandarin fish can improve the antiviral and antioxidant capacity of mandarin fish.

[0056] Table 7. Effects of formulated feed 1–6 on the antiviral and antioxidant capacity of mandarin fish.

[0057] Note: Results are expressed as "mean ± standard error". Different letters after the data in the same row indicate significant differences. P <0.05).

[0058] The effects of feed additive 5 and feed additives 7-10 on the antiviral and antioxidant capabilities of mandarin fish are shown in Table 8. The results in Table 8 show that the survival rate of mandarin fish fed feed additives 5 and 7 after viral challenge was significantly higher than that of the other three groups. Simultaneously, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the blood of mandarin fish fed feed additives 5 and 7 was significantly higher than that of feed additive group 8, and the catalase (CAT) activity in the blood of mandarin fish fed feed additive 7 was significantly higher than that of feed additive groups 8 and 9. This indicates that the amount of feed additive 4 prepared in Example 1 has a significant impact on the antioxidant and antiviral capabilities of mandarin fish, with the optimal effect observed at an addition amount of 0.05-0.1 parts by weight.

[0059] Table 8. Effects of different formulated feeds on the antiviral and antioxidant capacity of mandarin fish.

[0060] Note: Results are expressed as "mean ± standard error". Different letters after the data in the same row indicate significant differences. P <0.05).

[0061] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of a feed additive in improving the growth performance, glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and / or anti-iridovirus ability of mandarin fish, characterized in that, The feed additive contains, by weight, 63-67 parts of β-sitosterol, 23-27 parts of campesterol, and 8-12 parts of stigmasterol.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed additive contains, by weight, 65 parts β-sitosterol, 25 parts campesterol and 10 parts stigmasterol.

3. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, Improving the growth performance of mandarin fish means increasing its survival rate and feed efficiency.

4. A compound feed for mandarin fish, characterized in that, It includes the feed additives described in claim 1 or 2.

5. The mandarin fish compound feed according to claim 4, characterized in that, The feed additive is added in the compound feed for mandarin fish at a rate of 0.05 to 0.1 parts by weight.

6. The mandarin fish compound feed according to claim 4, characterized in that, By weight, the mandarin fish compound feed further comprises 38-42 parts fish meal, 11-15 parts soybean meal, 5-9 parts peanut meal, 8-12 parts soybean protein concentrate, 9.5-11.5 parts wheat flour, 3-7 parts shrimp meal, 5-9 parts chicken meal, 3-7 parts blood meal, 2-6 parts fish oil, 2-6 parts soybean oil, 0.5-1.5 parts soybean lecithin, 0.5-1.5 parts vitamin composition, 0.5-1.5 parts mineral salt composition, 0.05-0.15 parts vitamin C phosphate, 0.1-0.3 parts choline (50% by mass), and 0.5-1.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate. The vitamin composition comprises the following components per kilogram: vitamin B2, 8–12 mg; vitamin A, 4800–5200 IU; vitamin E, 38–42 mg; vitamin D3, 800–1200 IU; vitamin K, 8–12 mg; vitamin B6, 8–12 mg; vitamin B12, 0.01–0.03 mg; vitamin H, 0.08–0.12 mg; vitamin B1, 3–7 mg; calcium pantothenate, 18–22 mg; folic acid, 0.8–1.2 mg; niacin, 38–42 mg; and vitamin C, 148–152 mg. The mineral salt composition comprises the following components per kilogram: iron, 98–102 mg; iodine, 0.6–1.0 mg; copper, 1–5 mg; zinc, 48–52 mg; manganese, 10–14 mg; selenium, 0.1–0.5 mg; and cobalt, 0.1–0.3 mg.

7. The application of the mandarin fish compound feed according to any one of claims 4 to 6 in improving the growth performance of mandarin fish.

8. The application of the mandarin fish compound feed according to any one of claims 4 to 6 in improving the glucose and lipid metabolism capacity of mandarin fish.

9. The application of the mandarin fish compound feed according to any one of claims 4 to 6 in improving the antioxidant capacity of mandarin fish.

10. The application of the mandarin fish compound feed according to any one of claims 4 to 6 in improving the resistance of mandarin fish to iridovirus.

Images