Pipe-shell type hydrogen storage reactor with fluid flowing around hydrogen storage tank spiral array

Abstract

The invention discloses a spiral array tube-shell type hydrogen storage reactor with fluid flowing around a hydrogen storage tank, and belongs to the field of chemical reactor design. The whole reactor is a cylindrical shell, a heat exchange fluid inlet is formed in the center of the upper side of the shell, a hydrogen inlet is formed in a left end shell cover, and a heat exchange fluid outlet is formed in a right end shell cover; the multiple hydrogen storage tank units are arranged in a spiral array mode and are arranged in a gradually-changing-spacing or gradually-changing-diameter mode, and the hydrogen storage tank array serves as a heat exchange channel wall face. Hydrogen enters the bed layer through a hydrogen pipe in the hydrogen storage tank and reacts with the metal hydride; meanwhile, the heat exchange fluid in the spiral channel flows around the hydrogen storage tank unit in the axial direction for heat exchange and then flows out through an outlet. The hydrogen storage tank has the advantages of excellent heat and mass transfer performance, uniform bed temperature of the hydrogen storage tank and small tank body stress; different hydrogen storage tanks are synchronous in reaction process and high in reliability; the hydrogen storage tank array serves as a heat exchange channel wall surface, and the mass of the reactor is remarkably reduced. And the requirements of hydrogenation / dehydrogenation reaction with high hydrogen storage capacity requirement and large reaction heat effect can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of heterogeneous gas solidification reactors, and particularly to the hydrogenation / dehydrogenation reaction of metal alloys with hydrogen. Background Technology

[0002] Solid-state hydrogen storage technology based on metal hydrides utilizes the reversible chemical reaction between specific metals or alloys and hydrogen to store hydrogen. This technology not only boasts a significantly higher volumetric hydrogen storage density than gaseous hydrogen storage methods but also offers excellent safety performance, making it a crucial technological direction in the current hydrogen storage field. However, it's important to note that metal hydrides exhibit severe thermal effects during hydrogenation and dehydrogenation. Achieving efficient thermal management is a core challenge for improving reaction rates, ensuring the stability of the hydrogen storage / release cycle, and driving the development of large-capacity systems. For metal hydride systems with prominent thermal effects, current research and practical applications primarily utilize four typical structures for hydrogen storage reactors: single heat exchanger tube type, heat exchanger tube bundle type, microchannel type, and multi-tank unit type. The structural feature of a single-heat-tube hydrogen storage reactor is a single heat exchange tube at the center of the reactor, which can be a straight tube or a spiral coil. Its operating mechanism is as follows: hydrogen diffuses through an inlet filter into the metal hydride bed and reacts. The large amount of heat released or absorbed during the reaction is removed or replenished by the heat exchange fluid flowing within the central heat exchange tube. The advantages of this structure are its simple and compact overall construction, low resistance in the gas phase flow channel, and reduced manufacturing difficulty and production costs. However, this configuration has significant drawbacks. Its effective heat exchange area is severely insufficient, and the heat exchange capacity of a single heat exchange tube cannot cope with the intense thermal effects in large-capacity hydrogen storage scenarios. This leads to a significant temperature gradient within the bed, which not only limits the reaction rate and hinders the full utilization of hydrogen storage capacity but may also cause localized overheating, adversely affecting the reliability and service life of the system. Therefore, single-heat-tube hydrogen storage reactors are more suitable for applications with relatively mild thermal effects or lower hydrogen storage capacity requirements (Energy Conversion and Management. 2020, 05; 112864.).

[0003] Heat exchanger tube bundle hydrogen storage reactor: This type of reactor has multiple parallel or regularly arranged heat exchanger tube bundles inside, thus solving the problem of insufficient heat exchange area of ​​a single heat exchanger tube. During operation, hydrogen enters the reactor and reacts in the metal hydride bed. The heat generated by the reaction is exchanged with the fluid flowing inside the heat exchanger tube bundle, achieving heat removal or supply. This design significantly improves the overall heat exchange capacity of the reactor and can more effectively handle the thermal effects in the hydrogen storage reaction compared to a single heat exchanger tube hydrogen storage reactor. However, at the same time, its structural complexity is significantly increased, leading to a rise in manufacturing costs. When the designed hydrogen storage capacity needs to be increased, the volume and thickness of the bed will increase accordingly, resulting in a longer hydrogen diffusion path and a sharp increase in gas phase diffusion resistance. This will not only reduce the reaction rate but also cause a serious imbalance in the radial and axial reaction processes of the bed, ultimately negatively impacting the overall hydrogen storage and release performance, dynamic response characteristics, and even stress safety of the reactor (International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2025,05; 531-541.). The core advantage of microchannel hydrogen storage reactors lies in their ultra-large specific surface area, which enables highly efficient heat and mass transfer, rapid hydrogen absorption and desorption rates, and a highly compact structural design. Furthermore, the fluid within the microchannels exhibits laminar flow, which facilitates precise control of the reaction process and provides a stable operating environment for hydrogen storage. However, this type of reactor faces numerous challenges in large-scale applications. On the one hand, the high precision requirements and complex manufacturing processes of the microchannel structure result in high production costs. On the other hand, metal hydrides exhibit significant volume expansion and contraction during repeated hydrogen storage / release cycles. Under the strong constraint of the microscale channels, this volume change generates significant cyclic thermo-mechanical stress within the bed. Prolonged exposure to this stress can easily lead to fatigue cracking and damage in the microchannel structure, and may even cause media leakage, seriously threatening the long-term safety and reliability of the reactor (International journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2022, 05;20905-20914.). The multi-tank hydrogen storage reactor is structurally designed to integrate multiple independent small hydrogen storage tank units within a shared shell. During operation, the heat exchange fluid flows between the shell and each tank unit, as well as within the shell-side channels formed by the gaps between units, exchanging heat indirectly through the tank walls and the metal hydride bed inside the tank. The most significant advantage of this design is its modularity; by flexibly increasing or decreasing the number of tank units, the system's hydrogen storage capacity can be easily expanded or reduced. However, this configuration also has significant drawbacks. Because the heat exchange fluid flows within the complex shell-side channels, its temperature, velocity, and heat exchange boundary conditions change along the flow path, resulting in significant differences in heat exchange intensity for tank units located in different channels. This heat exchange non-uniformity causes the reaction processes of each tank unit to be out of sync, and also increases the stress on the tank body, adversely affecting the reactor's safety and large-scale application (Journal of Energy Storage. 2022, 05; 104047.). In summary, the current mainstream hydrogen storage reactors all have certain shortcomings and are difficult to meet the requirements of large-scale applications. (Invention Content) To improve upon the shortcomings of the aforementioned hydrogen storage reactors, this invention proposes a tube-shell hydrogen storage reactor with a spiral array of fluid-flow hydrogen storage tanks. Its advantages include excellent heat and mass transfer performance, uniform temperature of the hydrogen storage tank bed, and low tank stress; synchronous reaction processes in different hydrogen storage tanks, high reliability, and long service life; and the hydrogen storage tank array serves as the wall surface of the heat exchange channel, significantly reducing the reactor mass.

[0004] This invention provides a shell-and-tube hydrogen storage reactor with a spiral array of fluid-flow hydrogen storage tanks. A heat exchange fluid inlet is located at the center of the upper side of the shell, a hydrogen inlet is located on the left end of the shell cover, and a heat exchange fluid outlet is located on the right end of the shell cover. Multiple hydrogen storage tank units are arranged in a spiral array and fixed and limited by tube sheets A and B. The cross-sectional profile of the hydrogen storage tank spiral array is a constant-velocity spiral, an equiangular spiral, or an approximate curve thereof. A spiral heat exchange channel is formed in the middle region of the hydrogen storage tank spiral array, and the hydrogen storage tank array serves as the wall of the spiral heat exchange channel. A gas buffer chamber is formed between the left end of the shell cover and tube sheet A. A top cover is provided at the left end of each hydrogen storage tank unit, and a filter screen and a hydrogen pipe are provided on the top cover, with the hydrogen pipe extending into the reaction bed.

[0005] When the cross-sectional profile of the hydrogen storage tank spiral array is a constant-velocity spiral or its approximate curve, the hydrogen storage tank spiral array adopts a uniform diameter arrangement. Stainless steel spacer plates connect adjacent hydrogen storage tank units, and the arc length of the stainless steel spacer plates increases uniformly, ranging from 1 to 20 mm. The cross-sectional profile of the stainless steel spacer plates is curved and formed by rolling. The stainless steel spacer plates are connected to the hydrogen storage tanks by clamps.

[0006] If the cross-sectional profile is an equiangular spiral or its approximate curve, the diameter of the hydrogen storage tank unit decreases uniformly along the shell towards the center of the reactor. Adjacent hydrogen storage tank units are in direct contact, and the gaps are sealed with sealant.

[0007] The top cover of the hydrogen storage tank unit is equipped with a filter screen that allows only hydrogen gas to pass through. The filter screen is 0.5-1mm thick and has a pore size of 300-400 mesh.

[0008] Tube sheet A has several holes, the same number as the hydrogen storage tank unit, and tube sheet A is connected to the hydrogen storage tank unit by expansion joint.

[0009] Tube sheet B has several grooved limiting holes on one side of the spiral heat exchange channel for limiting the hydrogen storage tank unit.

[0010] A fluid outlet is located at the center of tube sheet B.

[0011] Both the left and right end caps are connected to the housing by bolts and sealed with sealing rings.

[0012] The reactor has a horizontal shell and a vertical support on the base.

[0013] Compared with existing hydrogen storage reactors, the present invention has the following effective technical characteristics: The heat exchange fluid experiences intense turbulence through the spiral heat exchange channel, significantly increasing fluid disturbance and greatly enhancing heat exchange between the hydrogen storage tank unit and the fluid. Fluid scouring of the hydrogen storage tank array disrupts the flow boundary layer, significantly improving heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, the spiral array of hydrogen storage tanks, serving as the heat exchange channel wall, significantly reduces the mass of the shell-and-tube reactor, improving system compactness. The heat exchange fluid flows axially around the hydrogen storage tank unit, resulting in more uniform heat exchange at different locations within the unit. Simultaneously, the internal arrangement of hydrogen pipes within the tank unit significantly improves bed temperature and reaction uniformity, while reducing tank stress. The hydrogen storage tank spiral array adopts a gradually varying arrangement: if the cross-sectional profile of the spiral array is a constant-velocity spiral or its approximate curve, the spacing between the hydrogen storage tank units increases uniformly along the shell towards the center of the reactor, enhancing the heat exchange performance of the hydrogen storage tank units in the central region, ensuring the synchronization of hydrogen storage / release processes among different hydrogen storage tank units, and increasing service life; if the cross-sectional profile of the spiral array is an equiangular spiral or its approximate curve, the diameter of the hydrogen storage tank units decreases uniformly along the shell towards the center of the reactor, and the flow velocity of the heat exchange fluid gradually increases along the path, improving the heat exchange performance of the hydrogen storage tank units in the central region and increasing the synchronization rate of hydrogen storage / release among different hydrogen storage tank units. Compared with the current main single-heat-exchange tube type, heat-exchange tube bundle type, and microchannel type hydrogen storage reactors, this invention has the characteristics of high heat exchange efficiency, uniform bed temperature and reaction, and suitability for high hydrogen storage capacity design; compared with multi-hydrogen storage tank unit type hydrogen storage reactors, the heat exchange at different positions of the hydrogen storage tank is more uniform, the stress safety is high, and the hydrogen storage tank spiral array directly serves as the wall surface of the heat exchange channel, significantly reducing the overall mass of the reactor and significantly improving the system compactness. It can meet the needs of hydrogenation / dehydrogenation reactions with high hydrogen storage capacity and large reaction heat effects. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tube-shell hydrogen storage reactor of the fluid-flow hydrogen storage tank spiral array of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a radial cross-sectional view of the tube-shell hydrogen storage reactor of the fluid-flow hydrogen storage tank spiral array of the present invention when the cross-sectional profile of the spiral array is a constant velocity spiral or its approximate curve. Figure 3 This is a radial cross-sectional view of the tube-shell hydrogen storage reactor of the fluid-flow hydrogen storage tank spiral array of the present invention when the cross-sectional profile of the spiral array is an equiangular spiral or its approximate curve; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the hydrogen storage tank unit of the tube-shell type hydrogen storage reactor of the fluid-flow hydrogen storage tank spiral array of the present invention. Figure 5 Taking the spiral array cross-sectional profile as an equiangular spiral or its approximate curve as an example, this invention provides a schematic diagram of the tube sheet B of the tube-shell hydrogen storage reactor with a spiral array of fluid-flowing hydrogen storage tanks.

[0015] 1--Left end cover 2--Hydrogen inlet 3--Gas buffer chamber 4--Tube sheet A5--Vortex heat exchange channel 6--Hydrogen storage tank unit 7--Nut 8--Sealing ring 9--Housing shell 10 -- Heat exchange fluid inlet 11 -- Bolt 12 -- Screw 13--Tube sheet B14--Right end cover 15--Fluid outlet 16--Fluid buffer chamber 17--Heat exchange fluid outlet 18--Top cover 19--Filter screen 20--Hydrogen pipe 21--Reaction bed 22--Base 23--Upright Support 24--Groove Limiting Hole 25--Stainless steel spacing plate Detailed Implementation The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These descriptions are intended to explain the invention and not to limit it. See Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The present invention relates to a tube-shell hydrogen storage reactor with a fluid-flow-around-hydrogen storage tank spiral array, comprising a heat exchange fluid inlet 10 located at the center of the upper side of the shell 9, a hydrogen inlet 2 located at the left end of the shell cover 1, and a heat exchange fluid outlet 17 located at the right end of the shell cover 14; multiple hydrogen storage tank units 6 are arranged in a spiral array and fixed and limited by tube sheet A 4 and tube sheet B 13; the cross-sectional profile of the spiral array of hydrogen storage tank units 6 is a constant velocity spiral, an equiangular spiral, or an approximate curve thereof; a spiral heat exchange channel 5 is formed in the middle region of the spiral array of hydrogen storage tank units 6, and the array of hydrogen storage tank units 6 serves as the wall of the spiral heat exchange channel 5; a gas buffer chamber 3 is formed between the left end of the shell cover 1 and the tube sheet A 4; a top cover 18 is provided at the left end of the hydrogen storage tank unit 6, and a filter screen 19 and a hydrogen pipe 20 are provided on the top cover 18, the hydrogen pipe 20 extending into the interior of the reaction bed 21.

[0016] Tube sheet A4 and tube sheet B13 are both connected to the shell 9 by bolts, facilitating installation and reactor maintenance. Tube sheet A4 has several holes, the same number as the hydrogen storage tank unit 6, and is connected to the hydrogen storage tank unit 6 by expansion joint. Tube sheet B13 has several grooved limiting holes 24 on one side of the spiral heat exchange channel 5 for limiting the hydrogen storage tank unit 6. A fluid outlet 15 is located at the center of tube sheet B13.

[0017] A gas buffer chamber 3 is formed between the left end shell cover 1 and the tube sheet A 4. The purpose is to prevent hydrogen from entering / exiting the hydrogen storage tank unit 6 at too high a speed, which would damage the structure of the hydrogen storage reactor. At the same time, it ensures that the hydrogen storage reactor stores / releases hydrogen stably, which is convenient for hydrogen utilization and precise control. A fluid buffer chamber 16 is formed between the right end shell cover 14 and the tube sheet B 13. The purpose is to prevent the heat exchange fluid from flowing in / out at too high a speed, which would damage the reactor structure.

[0018] See Figure 2 When the cross-sectional profile of the helical array of hydrogen storage tank units 6 is a constant-velocity helix or its approximate curve, the helical array of hydrogen storage tank units 6 adopts a uniform diameter arrangement, and the spacing of the hydrogen storage tank units 6 increases uniformly along the shell 9 towards the center region of the reactor to enhance the heat exchange performance of the hydrogen storage tanks in the central region, ensure the synchronization of the hydrogen storage / release process of different hydrogen storage tanks, and increase service life. Stainless steel spacing plates 25 connect adjacent hydrogen storage tank units 6, and the arc length of the stainless steel spacing plates increases uniformly, ranging from 1 to 20 mm. The cross-sectional profile of the stainless steel spacing plates 25 is an arc, and it is formed by rolling. The stainless steel spacing plates 25 are connected to the hydrogen storage tank units 6 by clamps.

[0019] See Figure 3 When the cross-sectional profile of the helical array of hydrogen storage tank units 6 is an equiangular helix or its approximate curve, the diameter of the hydrogen storage tank unit 6 decreases uniformly along the shell 9 towards the center of the reactor, and the flow velocity of the heat exchange fluid gradually increases along the path to improve the heat exchange performance of the hydrogen storage tanks in the central region, ensure the synchronization of the hydrogen storage / release process of different hydrogen storage tanks, and increase service life. Adjacent hydrogen storage tank units 6 in the helical array are in direct contact, and the gaps are sealed with sealant.

[0020] The heat exchange fluid undergoes intense turbulence through the spiral heat exchange channel 5, significantly increasing fluid disturbance and greatly enhancing heat exchange between the hydrogen storage tank unit 6 and the fluid. The fluid's flow through the spiral array of the hydrogen storage tank disrupts the flow boundary layer, further improving heat exchange efficiency. Furthermore, the spiral array of the hydrogen storage tank, acting as the wall of the heat exchange channel, significantly reduces the mass of the shell-and-tube reactor, improving system compactness. The heat exchange fluid flows axially around the hydrogen storage tank unit 6, resulting in more uniform heat exchange at different locations within the unit. Simultaneously, the hydrogen pipes 20 arranged inside the unit 6 significantly improve bed temperature and reaction uniformity, while reducing tank stress.

[0021] See Figure 4 The top cover 18 of the hydrogen storage tank unit 6 is equipped with a filter screen 19 that allows only hydrogen to pass through. The two are connected by welding. The main purpose is to prevent alloy particles from being discharged from the hydrogen storage tank unit 6 along with the hydrogen. The filter screen 19 is 0.5-1mm thick, made of stainless steel, and has a pore size of 300-400 mesh.

[0022] During hydrogen storage, hydrogen gas enters the hydrogen storage tank unit 6 through hydrogen inlet 2, gas buffer chamber 3, and filter screen 19. It diffuses into the hydride reaction bed 21 through hydrogen pipe 20 and reacts with the hydride alloy. Simultaneously, heat exchange fluid enters the spiral heat exchange channel 5 from heat exchange fluid inlet 10, flows around the hydrogen storage tank unit 6 for heat exchange, and is then discharged sequentially through fluid outlet 15, fluid buffer chamber 16, and heat exchange fluid outlet 17.

[0023] See Figure 1 and Figure 4 The hydrogen storage tank unit 6 is filled with 80% by volume of metal hydride alloy. One side of the hydrogen storage tank unit 6 is connected to the tube sheet A 4 via an expansion joint, and the other side is connected to the tube sheet B 13 via a groove limiting hole 24. During installation, the hydrogen pipe 20 and the top cover 18 are first fixed by welding and placed inside the hydrogen storage tank unit 6 as a whole; the hydrogen storage tank is then filled with metal hydride alloy particles to about 80% by volume, and then the top cover 18 is welded to the hydrogen storage tank body.

[0024] Metal hydride alloys generate a strong thermal effect during hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. If the heat exchange efficiency between the heat exchange fluid and the metal hydride bed in the hydrogen storage reactor is low, it will directly weaken the overall performance of the reactor. Taking the hydrogenation reaction of LaNi5 alloy as an example, this reaction is exothermic; as the reaction continues, a large amount of heat is continuously released, leading to a continuous increase in bed temperature. According to the basic principles of alloy hydrogenation reaction kinetics, the driving force of the reaction comes from the difference between the actual hydrogen pressure and the reaction equilibrium pressure. An increase in bed temperature will cause the reaction equilibrium pressure to rise, thus reducing the reaction driving force and ultimately slowing down the reaction rate. In extreme cases, it may even lead to reaction termination. Therefore, excellent heat exchange performance in the hydrogen storage reactor is a fundamental prerequisite for ensuring the stable operation of the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes.

[0025] Metal hydride alloy particles exhibit significant volume expansion during the hydrogenation reaction. Taking LaNi5 alloy as an example, its volume expansion during hydrogenation can reach approximately 24%. This significant volume change exerts strong stress on the structure of the hydrogen storage tank. Furthermore, during repeated hydrogenation and dehydrogenation cycles, the metal hydride alloy particles gradually pulverize and deposit downwards under gravity. Due to variations in heat exchange conditions, boundary environment, and spatial location within the reactor, the metal hydride bed experiences significant uneven heat exchange and inconsistent reaction progress during hydrogen storage and release. The non-uniformity of particle pulverization within the bed further exacerbates particle deposition, even leading to agglomeration in some areas. This results in the gradual accumulation of stress at the bottom of the hydrogen storage tank, potentially causing tank rupture over time and posing a serious threat to the operational reliability and service life of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0026] In summary, the shell-and-tube hydrogen storage reactor with a spiral array of fluid-flow hydrogen storage tanks disclosed in this invention has five main structural features: 1. A spiral heat exchange channel is provided inside the shell, and the heat exchange fluid forms strong turbulence through the spiral heat exchange channel, significantly increasing fluid disturbance and greatly improving the heat exchange between the hydrogen storage tank unit and the fluid; 2. The spiral array arrangement of the hydrogen storage tank units, which serves as the wall surface of the heat exchange channel, can significantly reduce the mass of the shell-and-tube reactor and improve the system compactness; 3. The heat exchange fluid flows axially around the hydrogen storage tank unit, resulting in more uniform heat exchange at different locations in the hydrogen storage tank, significantly improving bed temperature and reaction uniformity, and reducing tank stress; 4. The spiral array of hydrogen storage tanks adopts a gradually changing arrangement: if the spiral array... If the cross-sectional profile is a constant-velocity spiral or its approximate curve, the spacing between the hydrogen storage tank units in the spiral array increases uniformly from the shell towards the center of the reactor, enhancing the heat exchange performance of the hydrogen storage tanks in the center region, ensuring the synchronization of hydrogen storage / release processes in different hydrogen storage tanks, and increasing service life; if the cross-sectional profile of the spiral array is an equiangular spiral or its approximate curve, the diameter of the hydrogen storage tank units in the spiral array decreases uniformly from the shell towards the center of the reactor, and the flow velocity of the heat exchange fluid gradually increases along the path, improving the heat exchange performance of the hydrogen storage tanks in the center region and increasing the synchronization rate of hydrogen storage / release in different hydrogen storage tanks; fifth, the horizontal arrangement of the hydrogen storage tank units significantly improves the gravity self-pressure phenomenon caused by the pulverization of hydrogen storage alloy materials, reducing tank stress.

Claims

1. A tube-shell hydrogen storage reactor with a spiral array of fluid-flow hydrogen storage tanks, characterized in that: A heat exchange fluid inlet (10) is provided at the center of the upper side of the shell (9), a hydrogen inlet (2) is provided on the left end shell cover (1), and a heat exchange fluid outlet (17) is provided on the right end shell cover (14); multiple hydrogen storage tank units (6) are arranged in a spiral array and fixed and limited by tube sheet A (4) and tube sheet B (13); the cross-sectional profile of the spiral array of hydrogen storage tank units (6) is a constant velocity spiral, an equiangular spiral or its approximate curve; the middle area of ​​the spiral array of hydrogen storage tank units (6) forms a spiral heat exchange channel (5), and the array of hydrogen storage tank units (6) serves as the wall of the spiral heat exchange channel (5); a gas buffer chamber (3) is formed between the left end shell cover (1) and tube sheet A (4); a top cover (18) is provided at the left end of the hydrogen storage tank unit (6), and a filter screen (19) and a hydrogen pipe (20) are provided on the top cover (18), with the hydrogen pipe (20) extending into the interior of the reaction bed (21).

2. The tube-shell hydrogen storage reactor with a spiral array of fluid-flow hydrogen storage tanks as described in claim 1, characterized in that: When the cross-sectional profile of the spiral array of the hydrogen storage tank unit (6) is a constant velocity spiral or its approximate curve, the spiral array of the hydrogen storage tank unit (6) adopts a uniform diameter arrangement.

3. The tube-shell hydrogen storage reactor with a spiral array of fluid-flow hydrogen storage tanks as described in claim 2, characterized in that: Stainless steel spacer plates (25) are connected between adjacent hydrogen storage tank units (6), and the arc length of the stainless steel spacer plates (25) increases uniformly, with an arc length range of 1~20mm.

4. The tube-shell hydrogen storage reactor with a spiral array of fluid-flow hydrogen storage tanks as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The cross-sectional profile of the stainless steel spacing plate (25) is curved and is formed by rolling. The stainless steel spacing plate (25) is connected to the hydrogen storage tank unit (6) by clamps.

5. The tube-shell hydrogen storage reactor with a spiral array of fluid-flow hydrogen storage tanks as described in claim 1, characterized in that: If the cross-sectional profile is an equiangular spiral or its approximate curve, the diameter of the hydrogen storage tank unit (6) decreases uniformly along the shell towards the center of the reactor, adjacent hydrogen storage tank units are in direct contact, and the gaps are sealed with sealant.

6. The tube-shell hydrogen storage reactor with a spiral array of fluid-flow hydrogen storage tanks as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The top cover (18) of the hydrogen storage tank unit (6) is equipped with a filter (19) for hydrogen gas to pass through only. The filter (19) has a thickness of 0.5-1 mm and a pore size of 300-400 mesh.

7. The tube-shell hydrogen storage reactor with a spiral array of fluid-flow hydrogen storage tanks as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Tube sheet A (4) has several holes, the same number as the hydrogen storage tank unit (6), and tube sheet A (4) and hydrogen storage tank unit (6) are connected by expansion joint.

8. The tube-shell hydrogen storage reactor with a spiral array of fluid-flow hydrogen storage tanks as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Tube sheet B (13) has several grooved limiting holes (24) on one side of the spiral heat exchange channel (5) for limiting the hydrogen storage tank unit (6).

9. The tube-shell hydrogen storage reactor with a spiral array of fluid-flow hydrogen storage tanks as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A fluid outlet (15) is provided at the center of tube sheet B (13).

10. The tube-shell hydrogen storage reactor with a spiral array of fluid-flow hydrogen storage tanks as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The left end cover (1) and the right end cover (14) are both connected to the housing (9) by bolts and sealed by sealing rings (8). The housing is horizontal and a vertical support (23) is provided above the base (22).

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