Electrical feedthrough and energy store having such feedthrough

Abstract

An electrical feedthrough (10) is provided, in particular for an electrical storage device. The electrical feed-through (10) comprises a body (12) having a through opening (14) and a terminal pin (20), which is located in the through opening (14) and is held in the through opening (14) in an electrically insulated manner by means of a fixing material (16). It is also provided that the terminal pin (20) comprises or consists of a layered composite material and has: a core (22) made of copper or a copper alloy or CuSiC as a first conductive material; and a cover material (24) provided at least on a first side of the electrical feedthrough (10), the cover material being made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy or AlSiC as a second conductive material and covering a first end face (23a) of the core (22), in which the terminal pin (20) and the fixing material (16) are formed and positioned such that a transition (26a) from the core (22) to the cover material (24) is located outside the fixing material (16).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an electrical feeder, particularly an electrical feeder for an electrical storage device, comprising: a body having a through opening and a terminal pin, wherein the terminal pin is arranged in the through opening and held in the through opening in an electrically insulating manner by a fixing material. Another aspect of the invention relates to a terminal pin for an electrical feeder. Yet another aspect relates to an energy storage device including at least one such feeder. Background Technology

[0002] Energy storage devices such as batteries or capacitors (including supercapacitors) are used in a variety of applications for storing and supplying electrical energy. Energy storage devices typically include a housing and at least one storage unit housed within the housing. The storage unit can be electrically contacted from the outside via at least one electrical feedthrough within the housing.

[0003] As used in this invention, the term "battery" refers both to a disposable battery that can be disposed of and / or recycled after discharge and to a rechargeable battery. Rechargeable batteries, preferably lithium-ion batteries, are intended for use in a variety of applications, such as portable electronic devices, mobile phones, power tools, and particularly electric vehicles. Batteries can replace traditional energy sources such as lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, or nickel-metal hydride batteries. Batteries can also be used in sensors or the Internet of Things (IoT).

[0004] As is well known, supercapacitors are electrochemical energy storage devices with exceptionally high power density. Unlike ceramic capacitors, film capacitors, and electrolytic capacitors, supercapacitors do not possess a dielectric in the traditional sense. Specifically, they achieve static energy storage through charge separation in a double-layer capacitor and electrochemical energy storage through charge exchange via redox reactions in a pseudocapacitor.

[0005] Supercapacitors include hybrid capacitors, particularly lithium-ion capacitors. Their electrolytes typically contain a solvent in which a conductive salt (usually a lithium salt) is dissolved. Supercapacitors are preferably used in applications requiring a large number of charge / discharge cycles. Supercapacitors are particularly advantageous in the automotive industry, especially in the area of ​​regenerative braking. Of course, other applications are also possible and are all within the scope of this invention.

[0006] EP 2 371 419 A2 discloses an electrical feeder for a capacitor used in medical implants and a method for manufacturing and using such a capacitor. It discloses that the terminal pin may consist of two pin portions, the first pin portion being made of Pt, Pt / Ir, FeNi, FeNiCo, FeCr, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Cr, FeCr, V, or Ti, and the second pin portion comprising aluminum, wherein the joint between the pin portions is located within a glass plug or stuffing plug.

[0007] US 2014 / 212741 A1 discloses a conductor for an electrochemical cell having two parts, a first part facing a light metal exterior and a second part facing a copper interior. The transition between the two parts is sealed by a mechanical seal.

[0008] WO 2016 / 074932 illustrates a housing or housing portion having a feedthrough, the feedthrough comprising a pin-shaped conductor having a first portion made of a light metal and a second portion made of copper or a copper alloy. The pin-shaped conductor is held insulated within a through opening in the housing or housing portion by a glass or glass-ceramic material, wherein the transition between the different portions of the pin-shaped conductor is located in the region containing the glass or glass-ceramic material.

[0009] DE 10 2021 133 391 A1 discloses a housing portion for an electrical storage device, wherein terminal pins are electrically insulatedly fixed within a through opening formed in a body. To provide a connection point for an electrical conductor, a connecting pad is provided, which is subsequently attached to the body in an additional step in an electrically insulated manner to the terminal pin using an insulating material (e.g., by means of an adhesive or casting material bonded to the undercut in the body and / or on the connecting pad).

[0010] WO2021 / 185648 A1 discloses a microbattery characterized by its particularly compact design. The metal fixing material feeder for the electrical connection of the microbattery can be designed as a pressure-fitted element, thereby achieving a particularly reliable seal of the feeder.

[0011] A drawback of known metal-fixed feeders with pressure-fitted or adapted feeders is that, to date, they cannot be reliably manufactured using terminal pins of any material or desired material. For example, to prevent corrosion and / or improve accessibility, it is desirable to use connecting pins adapted to battery or capacitor materials. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide an electrical feeder in which the terminal pins are adaptable to both battery requirements and the requirements of metal-fixed feeders. Summary of the Invention

[0012] An electrical feeder is provided, particularly for use in electrical storage devices. The electrical feeder includes a body having a through opening and a terminal pin, the terminal pin being disposed in the through opening and held electrically insulated therein by a fixing material. Furthermore, the terminal pin is specified to have: a core selected from copper, a copper alloy, or CuSiC as a first conductive material; and a covering material at least on a first side of the electrical feeder, the covering material being selected from aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or AlSiC as a second conductive material, wherein the covering material covers a first end face of the core, and wherein the terminal pin and the fixing material are designed and arranged such that the transition from the core to the covering material is located outside the fixing material. Preferably, the terminal pin comprises a layered composite material or a composite material.

[0013] The transition portion is the material boundary within the terminal pin, formed at or located on the end face of the core. Because the transition portion between the core material (i.e., the central portion of the terminal pin) and the covering material disposed on the end face of the core is located outside the fixing material, a particularly stable feedthrough is achieved. This is because the different thermal expansion behaviors of the two conductive materials do not affect the contact area between the terminal pin and the fixing material, thus avoiding potential weakening of the feedthrough. Furthermore, this increases the selection of materials for the body and / or the fixing material for providing a hermetically sealed feedthrough, since the design of metal fixing material feedthroughs does not need to consider the different thermal expansion behaviors of the two conductive materials in the area in contact with the fixing material.

[0014] The cover material covers at least one end face of the core, preferably not protruding laterally from the core. One end face of the cover material is preferably substantially the same size as one end face of the core, and its shape corresponds to or is the same as that end face of the core. The end face of the cover material may also form the end side of a terminal pin.

[0015] In the context of this invention, "core" refers to a portion of the terminal pin that preferably occupies at least 50% of the length of the terminal pin relative to its longitudinal axis. Advantageously, the core forms the main portion of the terminal pin and occupies more than 50%, advantageously at least 55% or at least 60% of the terminal pin length. The longitudinal axis of the terminal pin extends in a direction parallel to the axis of the through opening. When the body is substantially flat, the longitudinal axis of the terminal pin extends correspondingly perpendicular to the plane of the body where the through opening is formed.

[0016] Within the scope of this invention, in electrical feeders or in terminal pins used for electrical feeders, the length of the terminal pin can advantageously be from 2 mm to 8 mm, preferably from 3 mm to 6 mm. The diameter of the terminal pin can be from 1 mm to 20 mm, preferably from 2 mm to 10 mm.

[0017] The length or thickness of the core is advantageously 50% to 95% of the terminal pin length, preferably 60% to 90%, and particularly preferably 70% to 80%. The length or thickness of the core may advantageously be at least 50% or more, preferably at least 55%, more preferably at least 60%, further preferably at least 70%, and in some advantageous variations at least 80% or at least 90%. An advantageous upper limit for the length or thickness of the core may be up to 95% of the terminal pin length. In some advantageous variations, the length or thickness of the core may be up to 90%, particularly preferably up to 80% or up to 75%.

[0018] The thickness or length of the covering material is advantageously 50% to 5% of the terminal pin length, preferably 40% to 10%, and particularly preferably 30% to 20%. The thickness or length of the covering material can advantageously be up to or less than 50%, preferably up to 45%, more preferably up to 40%, further preferably up to 30%, and in some advantageous variations up to 25%, 20%, or 15%. The advantageous lower limit for the thickness or length of the covering material can be at least 5% or at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, and in some advantageous variations at least 25%.

[0019] To minimize the height of the feedthrough, maximize the volume within the housing, and provide a reliable and tight feedthrough, the retaining material is advantageously abutted against the core of the terminal pin. Preferably, the retaining material is in direct abutment against the core, i.e., the retaining material and the core or the side surface of the core are in direct contact with each other.

[0020] In an advantageous variation, the minimum thickness of the terminal pin core is determined by the height of the fixing material. The thickness of the covering material depends on the current-carrying capacity of the terminal and the method required to connect other terminals to the covering layer. A suitable connection method could be laser welding.

[0021] The main body, fixing material, and terminal pins form a metal fixing material feedthrough, through which the through opening of the main body is closed. Preferably, the formed feedthrough is hermetically sealed. Hermetically sealed is defined as having a helium leakage rate of 1 × 10⁻⁶ at a pressure difference of 1 bar. -8 mbar•l / s.

[0022] Specifically, the body can be a housing portion used to form the housing of an electrical storage device. For example, the body can be designed as a cover portion that can engage with a cup-shaped housing portion to form the housing of the electrical storage device. However, the body can also become part of a cover or cover portion by inserting into an opening formed in a cover element. Specifically, the electrical storage device can be a battery or capacitor (including a supercapacitor), wherein one or more storage cells are typically housed in a housing and can be electrically contacted from the outside via an electrical feedthrough serving as a connection terminal. The feedthrough can also be designed as a multi-pole feedthrough, wherein the body has several through openings, each through opening holding a terminal pin by a fixing material.

[0023] Advantageously, when forming the housing, the first side of the electrical feeder on which the covering material is positioned faces outward. Therefore, the first end of the terminal pin with the covering material faces outward when the housing is formed. Of course, an alternative arrangement where the covering material is placed on the second inward side when forming the housing is also possible and advantageous.

[0024] The proposed terminal pin comprises at least two different conductive materials. The first conductive material of the core (preferably selected from copper or a copper alloy) is selected based on the requirements of the metal fixing material feedthrough. Specifically, the selection of the material takes into account the coefficient of thermal expansion and resistance to deformation, while also considering the material properties of both the body and fixing materials. In particular, copper or copper alloys also exhibit high chemical resistance to materials in the storage cell (especially the battery electrolyte), and are therefore corrosion-resistant. The second conductive material of the cover material (preferably selected from aluminum or an aluminum alloy) can have different functions depending on whether it is arranged on the outer or inner side when forming the housing. When arranged on the outer side, it optimizes the terminal pin in terms of ease and security of electrical connection due to its good weldability or brazing performance. When arranged on the inner side, it can further optimize the terminal pin in terms of chemical resistance and electrochemical potential to the storage cell material, and / or also improve accessibility at this location.

[0025] In an advantageous embodiment, the terminal pin has a cylindrical shape. Advantageously, it can have a cylindrical body or be in the form of a cylindrical body, such that the terminal pin has side surfaces and two end faces. The side surfaces of the cylinder face the fixing material, and at least one end face of the terminal pin is provided with a covering material covering a first end face of the core. Preferably, the core is also cylindrical and therefore has side surfaces and two end faces. If the terminal pin is designed such that there is no additional layer on the second end face of the core opposite the first end face, then the end face of the core also forms the end face of the terminal pin. The second end face of the core can also be covered with a covering material.

[0026] Advantageously, the terminal pin is cylindrical. Besides a cylindrical shape, it is conceivable that the end face may be a general cylindrical shape with other shapes. For example, it is conceivable that the end face may be elliptical or rectangular with rounded corners. Furthermore, the terminal pin may, for example, have a so-called nail-head shape, which may be formed by two adjacent cylinders. In this case, the first end face of such a nail-head-shaped terminal pin is formed by a cylindrical end face with a larger surface area, while the second end face is formed by a cylindrical end face with a smaller surface area.

[0027] In addition to covering the first end face of the core with a covering material, in some variations, it may be advantageous to cover the second end face of the core opposite to the first end face with another covering material made of a third conductive material. The third conductive material may be the same as or different from the second conductive material. If a different material is chosen, the second conductive material can be optimized for simple and safe connection to the electrical terminals, and the third conductive material can be adapted to, for example, the material requirements of the memory cell. For example, solderability or brazing performance can be used as a criterion for material selection.

[0028] In an advantageous variant of the invention, the side surface of the core facing the fixing material is at least partially uncovered by the covering material, but directly adjacent to the fixing material. Preferably, the entire side surface of the core is uncovered by the covering material. Thus, the covering material forms a layer or coating on the end face of the core. In another variant of the invention, the entire surface of the core is covered with the covering material, such that the side surfaces are completely covered by the covering material.

[0029] Preferably, the melting temperature of the fixing material is chosen to be lower than the melting point of all materials used in the terminal pin. This ensures that the terminal pin is not damaged during the fabrication of the metal fixing material using temperature treatment steps (e.g., steps for sintering or embedding the fixing material). However, in an advantageous variation, it is sufficient for the melting temperature of the fixing material to be lower than the melting point of the core material, i.e., it is only necessary for it to match the core material.

[0030] In the heat treatment step, the fixing material can be taken from a pressed material containing, for example, glass powder, glass-ceramic powder, or ceramic powder. The glass powder may contain or be composed of partially crystallizable glass, such that during the heat treatment process, the partially crystallizable glass is ceramicized, and a glass-ceramic is obtained.

[0031] Preferably, the second and / or third conductive materials are applied to the end faces of the core by overcoating, electroplating, coating, vapor deposition, welding, or brazing. Electroplating, coating, and vapor deposition may be more advantageous if only a relatively thin overcoating layer is applied. Vapor deposition methods include, for example, physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods (such as sputtering), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), or plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Conversely, when a relatively thick overcoating material is applied, overcoating, welding, and brazing are preferred. For example, in the case of brazing or welding, the overcoating material in sheet or foil form (in the case of the second conductive material, the sheet or foil is particularly made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy) can be placed on the core material (particularly on a core material made of copper or a copper alloy) and welded or brazed to the core material. Regardless of the application type, the overcoating material is preferably arranged without openings or defects, such that the corresponding end faces of the core are completely covered.

[0032] Furthermore, the covering material is preferably selected and arranged to be suitable for brazing or welding electrical contacts (such as contact plates). Accordingly, the covering material is preferably designed to be suitable for brazing or welding electrical contacts without creating cracks or openings in the covering material.

[0033] An advantageous improvement provides a terminal pin comprising or composed of a layered composite material. Thus, the terminal pin is formed of a material comprising a first conductive material layer (preferably copper or a copper alloy) and at least one second conductive material layer (preferably aluminum or an aluminum alloy), wherein the layered composite material is formed by bonding previously separated layers together. The copper or copper alloy layer forms the core of the terminal pin, and the aluminum or aluminum alloy layer forms the covering material of the terminal pin.

[0034] Preferably, the layered composite material is a coated layered composite material, also simply referred to as "composite material". Advantageous terminal pins of this material are coated terminal pins. Therefore, in an advantageous variation, the terminal pin is a coated terminal pin comprising or composed of a coated layered composite material having a copper or copper alloy layer and at least one aluminum or aluminum alloy layer.

[0035] Preferably, the material is a roll-coated layered composite material, and alternatively, a flash-coated layered composite material. During the coating process, starting materials are typically provided, in this case, a cover material and a core material, along with any additional cover material in the form of plates or strips. These materials are stacked on top of each other and joined together, for example, by roll forming.

[0036] Micrographs of terminal pins in the transition or connection area between the core and the cover material reveal the process used to produce laminates. A distinguishing feature of overmolded (especially roll-over) terminal pins is the substantially uniform smooth surface in the connection area, while friction-welded terminal pins, for example, have irregular surfaces (e.g., wavy structures) in the connection area. Furthermore, in friction-welded terminal pins, a circular connection structure is visible in the ground surface (parallel to the connection area), arising from the relative movement of the terminal pin components to be joined under pressure. Such a connection structure is not present in advantageous overmolded terminal pins. Advantageous overmolded terminal pins can be distinguished from terminal pins with a brazed (especially hard-brazed) cover material layer by the absence of brazing material in the connection area.

[0037] If the terminal pin is to have another cover material made of a third conductive material, in an advantageous embodiment, this other cover material can also be integrated into the layered composite material by overlay (particularly by providing it in the form of plates or strips, then stacking them and attaching them to other layers, for example, by roll forming). Alternatively, however, the other cover material can also be applied to the end face of the core by another process. Alternative processes have been described above.

[0038] The encapsulated terminal pin is advantageously separated from the encapsulated composite material by a separation process (particularly by separation). This allows the terminal pin to be manufactured in a single step: at least one end face of the core is covered with a covering material, preferably not laterally protruding from the core. Preferably, the terminal pin is a cut encapsulated terminal pin obtained by a cutting process (preferably selected from laser cutting, waterjet cutting, or shear cutting) separated from the composite material. This allows the terminal pin to be manufactured in larger batches and more economically than individual parts production, such as other manufacturing methods mentioned above, i.e., methods of manufacturing terminal pins from a core and at least one covering material, for example, by friction welding.

[0039] Terminal pins can be manufactured in small to medium batches by employing separation processes such as laser cutting and waterjet cutting (in which abrasive media can be added to the water during waterjet cutting). A preferred method is to use shearing (especially stamping) to cut the terminal pins, which allows for high-volume and low-cost production. Shearing (especially stamping) allows the external shape of the terminal pin (especially cylindrical terminal pins) to be manufactured in a single operation.

[0040] In an advantageous variation, the terminal pin is a stamped terminal pin. Since cut or stamped workpieces have characteristic shape defects, such as (in the case of shearing) edge displacement due to plastic deformation, fracture zones, cutting burrs, etc., the shape characteristics of the terminal pin can be used to determine its manufacturing method. For example, laser-cut terminal pins have heat-affected edge regions, particularly molten edge layers. Waterjet-cut terminal pins have mechanically altered edge regions. For example, shape defects and edge region variations can be detected by microscopic examination of the cut edges.

[0041] In a particularly advantageous variant, the terminal pin is a stamped (especially rolled) type terminal pin.

[0042] Further details of the terminal pin will now be described in conjunction with another aspect of the invention, with reference made to the foregoing content to avoid repetition.

[0043] Preferably, one end of the terminal pin is arranged flush with the surface of the body. If the body has areas of varying thickness, it is preferable to align one end with the surface of the body adjacent to the through opening. In particular, when a fixing material flush with the surface of the body is incorporated, the electrical feeder is flattened and advantageously has the lowest possible height.

[0044] Alternatively, it is preferable to arrange one or both ends of the terminal pin to protrude from the surface of the body. If the body has areas of varying thickness, it is preferable that one or both ends protrude from the surface of the adjacent through-hole in the body. This creates an elevated contact area, facilitating easy (e.g., by welding contact tabs) electrical contact of the terminal pin.

[0045] The main body material is preferably selected from light metals, light metal alloys, AlSiC, steel (especially ferritic, austenitic, or duplex steel, stainless steel, or tool steel). Advantageously, the light metal or light metal alloy can be aluminum, aluminum alloys, titanium, titanium alloys, magnesium, or magnesium alloys. Preferably, the main body material is selected from aluminum or aluminum alloys or AlSiC. The AlSiC matrix is ​​Al-infiltrated SiC.

[0046] In the context of this disclosure, light metals should be understood as having a specific gravity of less than 5.0 kg / dm³. 3 Metals. In particular, light metals have a specific gravity of 1.0 kg / dm³. 3 Up to 3.0 kg / dm 3 Within the range.

[0047] The primary conductive material of the terminal pin is selected from copper, copper alloys, or CuSiC. The matrix of CuSiC is Cu-infiltrated SiC.

[0048] In a preferred example, the body is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the core of the terminal pin is made of copper or a copper alloy.

[0049] The second conductive material of the terminal pin is selected from aluminum, aluminum alloy, or AlSiC. Preferably, it is aluminum or aluminum alloy. The third conductive material of the terminal pin (if any) is preferably selected from aluminum, aluminum alloy, AlSiC, molybdenum, nickel or nickel alloy, palladium, silver, or gold.

[0050] In a preferred example, the terminal pin according to the invention has a core made of copper or a copper alloy and a covering material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

[0051] However, it is also advantageous to use terminal pins with other material combinations, wherein the melting point of the second and / or third conductive material is advantageously lower than the melting point of the first conductive material of the core of the terminal pin.

[0052] Preferably, the fixing material is glass, glass ceramic, or ceramic, or contains glass, glass ceramic, or ceramic.

[0053] Preferred glass includes technical glass, particularly oxide glass, which is chemically resistant to materials typically used in conjunction with energy storage devices.

[0054] In the case of technical glass, the fixing material may be, for example, aluminum phosphate glass containing Al2O3 and P2O5, aluminum borate glass containing Al2O3 and B2O3, or bismuth glass containing Bi2O3 as a glass forming agent. Alternatively, glass containing lead oxide as a glass forming agent (especially glass derived from the PbO-B2O3 system) or vanadium-containing glass may also be used as the fixing material.

[0055] For glass-metal feedthroughs, a suitable glass is selected as the fixing material based on its properties, such as melting temperature and / or coefficient of thermal expansion. Glasses with low melting temperatures may be more advantageous. Glasses with melting temperatures below the melting point of aluminum or aluminum alloys may be particularly advantageous. For electrical feedthroughs in electrical storage devices such as batteries, capacitors, or supercapacitors, fixing materials comprising or composed of aluminum phosphate glass may be preferred. Suitable glasses are disclosed, for example, in WO2012 110243 A1 and DE 10 2017 216 422 B3. Alternatively, the fixing material may comprise bismuth-based glass (containing Bi2O3 as a glass forming agent) or lead-based glass (containing PbO as a glass forming agent) or composed of the like.

[0056] For the production of electrical feeders, the fixing material or precursor material can be provided in the form of a molded body. The molded body can, for example, have the shape of a hollow cylinder. To form the electrical feeder, a terminal pin is first inserted into the interior of the hollow cylinder, and then the hollow cylinder is inserted into an opening in the body. The insertion of the terminal pin into the interior of the hollow cylinder such that the transition from the core to the cover material is located outside the fixing material. Then, a temperature treatment seals the metal pin into the opening, thereby creating a tight bond between the fixing material, the terminal pin material, and the body material.

[0057] In an advantageous variation, the body may have a first thickness d1 outside the region of the through opening and an increased second thickness d2 in a reinforced region of width W adjacent to the through opening. If the metal fixing material feeder is designed as a pressure insert, the width W is chosen such that the body can apply sufficient pressure to the fixing material.

[0058] For example, this increased thickness of the reinforcing region can be achieved, for instance, by providing a thickened region of the body of the housing portion, providing a sleeve, and / or providing a separate reinforcing portion, as disclosed, for example, in WO 2021 / 185648 A1 and EP 3 021 377A2. The sealing length can be affected by selecting the thickness of the body or the arrangement of the thickened region, wherein the fixing material is bonded to the material of the body of the housing portion along the sealing length.

[0059] In one variation, the housing portion has a sleeve forming an inner wall, the height of which is greater than the thickness of the remaining material of the housing portion, particularly the thickness of the housing portion designed as a lid or the wall thickness of the housing portion designed as a cup. The sleeve is preferably designed as an upwardly convex, reshaped sleeve, whereby the housing portion and the sleeve are integrally formed.

[0060] To prevent the glass, ceramic, or glass-ceramic materials from cracking, especially after sealing, for example due to temperature effects, it may be advantageous for the body to include a flexible flange for joining the body to other components, such as housing components. The flange itself includes an area used to connect another component to the body, i.e., the so-called connection area. The connection to the body can be achieved by welding (particularly ultrasonic welding or brazing). The welded connection is preferably designed such that the connection is largely airtight and preferably provides a pressure differential of less than 1 bar. -8 Helium leakage rate in mbar•l / sec.

[0061] Flexible flanges can be obtained very easily. For example, the body can be designed as a metal plate portion with a thickness of d2, which is stamped to a thickness of d1, and after stamping, the portion with a thickness of d1 can be deformed to form a flexible flange. It can be specified that the original thickness d2 is retained around the opening area, thereby reinforcing the area adjacent to the opening. The metal plate portion with a thickness of d1 can also be formed as a flexible flange, wherein a raised metal plate portion or sleeve is formed by re-forming the metal plate portion to accommodate the seal. If the flexible flange and the raised area are made of austenitic steel or duplex steel, sealing is possible in the raised flexible flange (especially on the sleeve of the flexible flange).

[0062] In an advantageous embodiment, a pressure-reducing device may be provided in the body instead of a flexible flange or in addition to a flexible flange. The pressure-reducing device advantageously includes at least one groove or recess, preferably at least one circumferential groove or recess. Instead of a groove, a series of adjacent recesses may also be provided.

[0063] The pressure-reducing device can reduce the heat flow through the body (i.e., form a thermal barrier) and / or reduce the mechanical stress on the body perpendicular to the axis of the terminal pin, because the body can deform in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the terminal pin, preferably reversibly. This results in less stress applied to the fixing material, and in particular, there is no tensile stress that would reduce the amount of compression on the fixing material, thereby improving the sealing performance of the feedthrough under thermal and mechanical loads.

[0064] In an advantageous first variation, the pressure-reducing device (particularly a groove or recess) is arranged on a first externally facing side of the electrical feeder when the housing is formed. In an advantageous and optional second variation, the pressure-reducing device (particularly a groove or recess) is arranged on a second internally facing side of the electrical feeder when the housing is formed. In a particularly advantageous third variation, the pressure-reducing device comprises at least two grooves or recesses arranged on opposite sides of the body.

[0065] Aluminum phosphate glass, whose main components are Al₂O₃ and P₂O₅, and preferably alkali metal oxides, is used as the glass or glass-ceramic material. Advantageously, this glass material has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 13 to 25 ppm / K or 13 to 25 × 10⁻⁶. -6 In the range of 1 / K, preferably from 13 to 20 × 10⁻⁶ -6 In the range of 1 / K, particularly preferably in the range of 13 to 18 × 10⁻⁶. -6 Within the range of 1 / K. For example, if bismuth glass is used, the coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately 10.5 × 10⁻⁶. -6 1 / K.

[0066] To achieve a particularly good seal between the metal parts (i.e., the body and terminal pins) and the stationary material, the electrical feedthrough can be designed as a pressure-fitted component. In this case, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the body is chosen to be greater than that of the stationary material, so that after temperature treatment to seal the stationary material into the through-hole, the body contracts more strongly than the stationary material. This causes the body to apply permanent pressure to the stationary material. These forces tension the stationary material and ensure a particularly durable seal.

[0067] Therefore, it is preferable that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the body is greater than that of the fixing material. In the case of pressure fitting, it is particularly preferable that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the body is at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, and particularly preferably at least 20% greater than that of the fixing material; in some advantageous variations, it is at least 50%.

[0068] The preload of pressure fitting is basically determined by the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the body material and the fixing material.

[0069] In advantageous variations where the main body is made of light metal or a light metal alloy, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the main body is 18 × 10⁻⁶. -6 1 / K to 30×10 -6 The range is 1 / K, while the coefficient of thermal expansion of the fixed material is 13 × 10⁻⁶. -6 1 / K to 19×10 -6 Within the range of 1 / K. For example, if the body material is aluminum or an aluminum alloy and the core of the terminal pin is copper or a copper alloy, this choice of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the fixing material is advantageous for maintaining pressure fitting.

[0070] In advantageous variations where the main body is made of steel (especially austenitic steel or duplex stainless steel), the coefficient of thermal expansion of the main body can be 12 × 10⁻⁶. -6 1 / K to 19×10 -6 The range is 1 / K, while the coefficient of thermal expansion of the fixed material can be 9 × 10⁻⁶. -6 1 / K to 11×10 -6 Within the range of 1 / K.

[0071] The coefficient of thermal expansion of glass, ceramic, or glass-ceramic materials can be altered as needed by mixing them with fillers. The coefficient of thermal expansion can then be adjusted by selecting the type and amount of filler.

[0072] Preferably, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the terminal pin core is 14 × 10⁻⁶. -6 1 / K to 19×10 -6 Within the range of 1 / K, advantageously within 15×10 -6 1 / K to 18×10 -6Within the range of 1 / K. Therefore, when the feedthrough is designed as a pressure insert, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the core can preferably be matched with the coefficient of thermal expansion of the fixing material, or selected to be slightly smaller or slightly larger than the latter.

[0073] For pressure-fitted components, for example, given a thermal expansion coefficient of approximately 23 × 10⁻⁶... -6 A body made of 1 / K aluminum or aluminum alloy can have a coefficient of thermal expansion of approximately 16 × 10⁻⁶. -6 1 / K aluminum phosphate glass and glass with a thermal expansion coefficient of approximately 16 × 10⁻⁶ -6 It is bonded to a core made of 1 / K copper or a copper alloy. Its coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately 10.5 × 10⁻⁶. -6 Combining 1 / K bismuth-based glass can also be advantageous for pressure mounting of bodies made of aluminum or aluminum alloys. Bodies made of steel (especially austenitic stainless steel) can also be combined with bismuth-based glass in pressure mounting.

[0074] As an alternative to pressure fitting, the coefficients of thermal expansion of the body and the fixing material can be matched. Preferably, the difference in coefficients of thermal expansion is less than 5%.

[0075] Specifically, a matched feedthrough means that the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion does not exceed 1 × 10⁻⁶. -6 1 / K, especially essentially the same. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the core of the terminal pin is preferably adapted in the same way to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the fixing material.

[0076] For matched feedthrough components, for example, those with a thermal expansion coefficient of approximately 16 to 18 × 10⁻⁶. -6 A body made of 1 / K steel (especially austenitic stainless steel) can have a coefficient of thermal expansion of approximately 16 × 10⁻⁶. -6 Suitable glass with a coefficient of thermal expansion of approximately 1 / K (especially aluminum phosphate glass) and a coefficient of thermal expansion of approximately 16 × 10⁻⁶. -6 A core made of 1 / K copper or copper alloy is bonded together.

[0077] The values ​​of thermal expansion coefficients mentioned above in relation to pressure-fitted or matching-fitted components refer to the linear thermal expansion coefficient α in the temperature range of 20-300℃. This parameter is usually specified together with the glass-metal feedthrough.

[0078] In an advantageous variation, the retaining material in the region adjacent to the through opening has height, and the body has thickness, such that in the contact area between the body and the retaining material, the height of the retaining material is less than the thickness of the body. Particularly for pressure fittings, it can be advantageous if the height of the retaining material (especially relative to the contact area with the body) is less than the thickness of the body in that area. Therefore, the retaining material is recessed relative to the body on at least one side of the feedthrough, i.e., there is an offset between the retaining material and the body. This measure directly prevents or reduces pressure spikes at the contact point between the edges of the body and the retaining material. This reduces the risk of material damage to the retaining material. In an advantageous variation, the retaining material may be recessed on both sides (i.e., both sides of the feedthrough), preferably by the same amount.

[0079] In this advantageous embodiment, the surface of the body adjacent to the through opening protrudes from the fixing material on at least one side of the feeder. Thus, the body forms a protrusion on one side or both sides of the feeder.

[0080] It may be advantageous if the difference between the height of the fixing material and the thickness of the body is at most 30%, preferably at most 26% or at most 24%. The advantageous lower limit of this difference can generally be 10%, 14%, or 16%, that is, the height of the fixing material is generally 10% to 30% smaller than the thickness of the body. This difference can be asymmetrically distributed on both sides of the feedthrough. Advantageously, the difference is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the feedthrough, such that the fixing material is advantageously recessed by at least 5%, at least 7%, or at least 8% on each side, and / or advantageously recessed by at most 15%, at most 13%, or at most 12%. Thus, in an advantageous embodiment, there may be an offset between the body and the fixing material, whereby in the region adjacent to the through opening, the fixing material is recessed by 5% to 15% relative to the body on each side, preferably by 8% to 12%.

[0081] Typically, housings for energy storage devices are equipped with safety valves and / or predetermined break points as safety elements to reduce overpressure within the housing in a controlled manner. Preferably, electrical feeders have such safety elements. For this purpose, it is preferable to select a discharge force for terminal pins held by a fixing material such that the terminal pins are pressed out when a specified discharge force is exceeded. Adjustment of such discharge force is known, for example, from DE 2020 20106 518 U1.

[0082] Preferably, the fixing material and its connection to the wall and terminal pin of the through opening are designed to provide a safety valve function by means of a predetermined discharge force, wherein the predetermined discharge force is set by one or more of the following measures: a. Select the thickness of the insert; b. Select fixed materials; c. Select a fixed bubble content in the material; d. Before installation, the surface of the fixing material is constructed by adjusting the shape of the fixing material mold; e. Constructing a surface for fixing materials during installation; f. Laser processing of the surface of the fixed material after mounting; g. Forming a notch or cone on one or both sides of the fixing material; and / or h. Create notches or cones in the terminal pins and / or the body.

[0083] Preferably, the second conductive material and / or fixing material are selected such that they are resistant to electrolytes, particularly aqueous and / or non-aqueous electrolytes. In particular, it is preferred that the material of the feedthrough has high chemical resistance to non-aqueous battery electrolytes (especially carbonates, preferably a mixture of carbonates and conductive salts (preferably containing LiPF6)).

[0084] A second aspect of the invention provides a terminal pin for an electrical feeder (particularly an electrical feeder according to the invention), wherein the terminal pin has a cylindrical body or is in the form of a cylindrical body, and wherein the terminal pin comprises or is composed of a layered composite material having a first conductive material layer and at least one second conductive material layer, the first conductive material preferably being selected from copper or a copper alloy, and the second conductive material preferably being selected from aluminum or an aluminum alloy, wherein the first conductive material layer forms the core of the terminal pin, and at least one second conductive material layer forms a covering material on a first end face of the core.

[0085] The cylindrical body of the terminal pin has a side surface and two end faces. The core of the cylindrical body is formed of a first conductive material layer. The core is also advantageously cylindrical, having two opposing end faces, at least one end face being covered with a second conductive material layer, i.e., a covering material.

[0086] A cover material covers at least one end face of the core, wherein the cover material preferably does not protrude from the core at the side. The dimensions of the end face of the cover material are preferably substantially the same as the dimensions of the end face of the core, and the shape corresponds to or is the same as the shape of that end face of the core. The end face of the cover material may also form the end side of a terminal pin.

[0087] The terminal pin is preferably cylindrical. In addition to cylindrical, other general cylindrical shapes are also conceivable. For example, an elliptical or rectangular shape with rounded corners is conceivable.

[0088] In an advantageous embodiment, the length of the terminal pin is 2 mm to 8 mm, preferably 3 mm to 6 mm.

[0089] In an advantageous embodiment, the diameter of the terminal pin is 1 mm to 20 mm, preferably 2 mm to 10 mm.

[0090] In the context of this invention, "core" refers to a portion of the terminal pin that preferably occupies at least 50% of the terminal pin's length relative to its longitudinal axis. Advantageously, the core forms the main portion of the terminal pin and occupies more than 50%, advantageously at least 55% or at least 60%, of the terminal pin's length. The longitudinal axis of the terminal pin extends in a direction parallel to the axis of the through opening. When the body is substantially flat, the longitudinal axis of the terminal pin extends correspondingly perpendicular to the plane of the body in which the through opening is formed. In the case of a layered composite material, the thickness of the covering material may preferably be at least 10% of the terminal pin's length.

[0091] Advantageously, the terminal pin is an overlay type (preferably roll-over type) terminal pin, that is, a terminal pin made of a layered composite material manufactured by overlay (preferably roll-over), wherein the layered composite material may be in the form of, for example, strips or plates. Details thereof have been described above in conjunction with the first aspect of the invention.

[0092] The advantageous length and / or thickness of the core and / or cover material have been described in detail above in conjunction with the first aspect of the invention. The thickness of the cover material ensures at least a continuous cover layer without openings or defects in the encapsulated layered composite material. Furthermore, the thickness of the cover material depends on the current-carrying capacity of the terminal and the required method for additional connections to the cover layer.

[0093] Preferably, the terminal pin is separated from the composite material by a separation process (particularly by separation, preferably by cutting, such as laser cutting, waterjet cutting, or shear cutting, as described in detail above in conjunction with the first aspect of the invention). In an advantageous embodiment, the terminal pin is formed by cutting, preferably by stamping.

[0094] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the terminal pin is formed by stamping and roll-coating, i.e., during manufacturing, the terminal pin is made from a roll-coated layered composite material by shearing using a closed cutting line, particularly using a cutting punch, a cutting die, and a pressing process. This type of terminal pin enables economical mass production.

[0095] Other details, advantages and benefits (e.g., geometric and structural features, materials, additional covering materials, etc.) and manufacture of the terminal pin have been described above in conjunction with the first aspect of the invention, and therefore, to avoid repetition, please refer to the explanation above.

[0096] A third aspect of the invention relates to the use of a terminal pin according to the invention in an electrical feeder (particularly in an electrical feeder according to the invention). A cylindrical body or an object having a cylindrical body, wherein the cylindrical body comprises or is composed of a layered composite material, serves as a terminal pin in an electrical feeder. The layered composite material has a first conductive material layer and at least one second conductive material layer, the first conductive material preferably selected from copper or a copper alloy, and the second conductive material preferably selected from aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The first conductive material layer forms the core of the terminal pin, while at least one second conductive material layer forms a covering material on a first end face of the core.

[0097] In an advantageous variation, a cut-formed, covered terminal pin is used. Particularly preferred is a stamped, rolled-formed, covered terminal pin.

[0098] Further details, advantages, and beneficial improvements of the terminal pins and feeders have been described above in conjunction with the first and second aspects of the invention; therefore, to avoid repetition, please refer to the explanation above.

[0099] Another aspect of the invention provides an electrical storage device. The proposed electrical storage device is specifically designed as a battery or capacitor (including a supercapacitor) and includes a housing having at least one of the electrical feedthroughs described herein and / or having the terminal pins described herein. Furthermore, the electrical storage device preferably includes at least one storage unit, particularly a battery unit or a capacitor unit.

[0100] Preferably, the body of the electrical feeder is designed as a housing portion, particularly a cap or part of a cap, which is preferably hermetically sealed to other housing portions, thereby forming a hermetically sealed housing for an electrical storage device. For example, to form the housing, the cap having the electrical feeder is welded to the cup portion. Here, hermetically sealed means that at a pressure differential of 1 bar, the helium leakage rate of the housing is less than 10%. -8 mbar•l / sec. Attached Figure Description

[0101] The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the schematic diagrams, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0102] In the attached image: Figure 1 A first exemplary embodiment of the electrical feeder is shown, wherein the terminal pin is flush with one side.

[0103] Figure 2 A second exemplary embodiment of the electrical feeder is shown, wherein the surface of the terminal pin protrudes from the body and the recessed fixing material.

[0104] Figure 3A third exemplary embodiment of the electrical feeder is shown, wherein the core of the terminal pin is covered on both sides and has a reinforced area.

[0105] Figure 4 A fourth exemplary embodiment of an electrical feeder with a flexible flange is shown.

[0106] Figure 5 A fifth exemplary embodiment of the electrical feeder is shown, wherein the core of the terminal pin is fully coated.

[0107] Figure 6 A sixth exemplary embodiment of an electrical feeder with a flexible flange is shown.

[0108] Figure 7 A seventh exemplary embodiment of an electrical feeder having a pressure-reducing device and a recessed fixing material is shown.

[0109] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment via a terminal pin is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0110] Figure 1 A first exemplary embodiment of an electrical feeder 10 is shown. The electrical feeder 10 includes a body 12 having a through opening 14, into which a terminal pin 20 having a longitudinal axis L is inserted. The terminal pin 20 is held in the through opening 14 in an electrically insulating manner by a fixing material 16. The fixing material 16 seals both the inner wall of the through opening 14 and the terminal pin 20, such that the through opening 14 is tightly closed by the fixing material 16, forming a metal fixing material feeder.

[0111] The illustrated electrical feeder 10 is particularly suitable for use with electrical storage devices such as batteries (especially micro batteries) and capacitors. Accordingly, the body 12 can be a component of the housing for such an electrical storage device, for example, a battery cover or a component of a battery cover. Terminal pins 20 then form, for example, connection terminals for the electrical storage device. To form a housing for the electrical storage device, the body 12 of the electrical feeder engages with another housing portion. If the body 12 is designed as a cover, the housing of the electrical storage device can be formed by engaging the cover to a cup portion. At least one storage unit (e.g., a battery unit or a capacitor unit) is typically arranged inside such a storage device. To establish an electrical connection, one terminal of such a storage unit can be connected to the terminal pin 20, while another terminal can be electrically connected to another housing portion. Of course, a multi-pole feeder can also be provided by forming a plurality of through openings 14 in the body 12 and arranging a plurality of terminal pins 20.

[0112] The terminal pin 20 is in the form of a cylindrical body, and its material properties (especially those related to its coefficient of thermal expansion) must be adapted to the requirements of the formed metal fixing material feedthrough. To prevent or at least reduce corrosion of the terminal pin 20, the material of the terminal pin 20 should also be adapted to the materials used in the memory cell, such as the current collector material, electrode material, and electrolyte. To meet these two requirements, the present invention provides a terminal pin 20 having a core 22 made of copper, a copper alloy, or CuSiC as a first conductive material, and a cover material 24 made of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or AlSiC as a second conductive material at one end. The core 22 is adapted to the requirements of the metal fixing material feedthrough, and the cover material 24 serves different purposes depending on whether it is arranged on the outward or inward side when forming the housing. When arranged on the outward side, it optimizes the terminal pin 20 in terms of ease of contact and safety due to its good weldability or brazing properties. When arranged on the inward side, it can further optimize the terminal pin 20 in terms of chemical resistance and electrochemical potential to the memory cell material, or it can also improve accessibility.

[0113] Terminal pin 20 and fixing material 16 are designed and arranged in electrical feedthrough 10 such that the transition 26a from core 22 to cover material 24 is located outside of fixing material 16, so that fixing material 16 only abuts core 22 and therefore does not make lateral contact with cover material. Because the transition 26a (i.e., the material boundary between core 22 and cover material 24) is located outside of fixing material 16, a particularly stable feedthrough is achieved because the different thermal expansion behaviors of the two conductive materials do not affect the contact area between terminal pin and fixing material, thus avoiding the weakening that might otherwise occur in the feedthrough. It can be seen that cover material 24 covers one end face of core 22. Cover material 24 does not protrude laterally from core 22. One end face of cover material has approximately the same dimensions and shape as one end face of core. One end face of cover material also forms one end side of terminal pin.

[0114] For example, the second conductive material can be applied to the end face of the core 22 of the terminal pin 20 by coating, as described below. However, other variations for applying the second conductive material are also conceivable. For example, a sheet or foil of the second conductive material can be attached to the core 22 by welding or brazing, or the second conductive material can be applied by electroplating or vapor deposition processes.

[0115] exist Figure 1In the first embodiment shown, the side surface of the core 22 of the terminal pin 20 is not covered with a covering material 24, allowing the fixing material 16 to be directly adjacent to the core 22 or its side surface. This ensures that the fixing material 16 can directly contact the core 22, and that the covering material 24 does not alter the characteristics of the metal fixing material feedthrough. Therefore, the two materials of the terminal pin 20 can be selected completely independently to achieve optimal adaptation to the requirements of the storage cell within the housing, the formation of the metal fixing material feedthrough, and the connection to the electrical terminals (i.e., the accessibility of the terminal pin). For example, in the case of designing the electrical feedthrough 10 for use in a lithium-ion battery, the metal fixing material feedthrough can be designed as a pressure seal.

[0116] exist Figure 1 In the exemplary embodiment of the electrical feeder 10 shown, one end of the terminal pin 20 is flush with the corresponding surface of the body 12, while the other end of the terminal pin 20 protrudes beyond the corresponding surface of the body 12. Therefore, the total thickness of the terminal pin 20 is greater than the thickness of the body 12. One surface of the fixing material 16 is flush with one end of the terminal pin 20. Furthermore, the surface of the fixing material 16 is flush with the surface of the body 12, that is, the height H of the fixing material is approximately the same as the thickness D of the body 12 in the region adjacent to the through opening 14, relative to the contact area with the body. However, it may also be advantageous if the height H of the fixing material 16 is less than the thickness D of the body 12, for example, Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown. It is also conceivable that the fixing material 16 protrudes from these surfaces and partially covers the adjacent areas of the terminal pin 20 and / or the body 12. Furthermore, it is conceivable that both ends of the terminal pin 20 protrude from the corresponding surfaces of the body 12. For example, in… Figure 2 As shown in the image.

[0117] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of an advantageous embodiment of the terminal pin 20 for an electrical feeder according to the invention is shown (see also...). Figure 8 The terminal pin 20 is in the form of a cylindrical body. It comprises a layered composite material having a first conductive material layer and at least one second conductive material layer, wherein the first conductive material layer forms the core 22 of the terminal pin, and the at least one second conductive material layer forms a covering material 24 on the end face of the core 22. The thickness or length of the core 22 relative to the longitudinal axis L of the terminal pin 20 accounts for approximately 80% of the length of the terminal pin 20, and therefore the thickness or length of the covering material 24 accounts for approximately 20%.

[0118] The exemplary embodiment shown is a roll-coated terminal pin 20, which is made of a roll-coated layered composite material comprising a copper or copper alloy layer forming a core 22 and at least one aluminum or aluminum alloy layer forming a cover material 24. The terminal pin 20 shown is an example of a stamped roll-coated terminal pin.

[0119] In the following figures, with Figure 1 The same parts are labeled with the same reference numerals.

[0120] Figure 2 A second exemplary embodiment of the electrical feeder 10 is shown, wherein the end side or end face of the terminal pin 20 protrudes from the body 12. The structure of the electrical feeder 10 corresponds to that of the reference 10. Figure 1 The first embodiment described. In contrast, the terminal pin 20 is designed and arranged such that its end face is not flush with the corresponding surface of the body 12. Here, the total thickness of the terminal pin 20 is also greater than the thickness of the body 12. Figure 1 In comparison, the covering material 24 is thicker. This layered composite structure can be manufactured, in particular, through encapsulation.

[0121] Figure 2 It is also shown that the height H of the retaining material 16a (which in this case also corresponds to the sealing length of the terminal pin) is less than the thickness D of the body 12 in the region contacting the body 12 in the region adjacent to the through opening 14. Therefore, the retaining material 16a is recessed relative to the body 12, i.e., there is an offset 27. A particularly advantageous design is shown in which the retaining material 16a is recessed by approximately the same amount on both sides relative to the thickness of the body 12 in the region of the through opening 14. In the case of pressure fitting, this measure prevents or reduces pressure spikes directly at the contact point between the body and the edge of the retaining material. This reduces the risk of material damage to the retaining material.

[0122] Of course, it is conceivable that in a design with recessed fixing material 16a, one of the two end sides of the terminal pin 20 is arranged flush with the corresponding surface of the body 12, such that the terminal pin 20 protrudes from the body 12 only on one of the two sides, for example, as Figure 1 As shown. Alternatively, one end of the terminal pin can be arranged flush with the corresponding surface of the recessed fixing material. Furthermore, the fixing material 16a (with a height of H) recessed within the through opening can be aligned with the corresponding surface of the recessed fixing material. Figure 3 , 4 This is combined with the reinforced body of 6. In such a body, the thickness d2 corresponds to the reference value D.

[0123] Figure 3 A third exemplary embodiment of the electrical feeder 10 is shown. (See reference...) Figure 1According to the first embodiment, the electrical feeder 10 has a body 12, the body 12 is provided with a through opening 14, and the terminal pin 20 is held in the through opening 14 in an insulating manner by a fixing material 16.

[0124] and Figure 1 In contrast to the first embodiment, another covering material 25 made of a third conductive material is also arranged on the second end face of the core 22, such that both end faces of the core 22 of the terminal pin 20 are covered with covering materials 24 and 25. The covering materials 24 and 25 do not protrude laterally from the core 22. The end faces of the covering materials have approximately the same size and shape as the end faces of the core. Here, the end faces of the covering materials form the end sides of the terminal pin.

[0125] It can be seen that the other transition portion 26b (i.e., the material boundary between the core 22 and the other covering material 25) is located outside the fixing material 16, which is also advantageous because it provides a particularly stable feedthrough. This is because the different thermal expansion behaviors of the different materials of the terminal pin do not affect the contact area between the terminal pin and the fixing material, thereby avoiding the weakening that might otherwise occur in the feedthrough. However, alternatively, the other transition portion 26b can also be positioned in the contact area with the fixing material 16 such that, in this embodiment, the first material of the core 22 is inaccessible on one side of the feedthrough (e.g., see...). Figure 4 and 6 The third conductive material may be different from or the same as the second conductive material. As an example, the same material is shown; that is, the third conductive material is selected here from aluminum, aluminum alloy, or AlSiC. As shown, the thicknesses of the covering material 24 and the covering material 25 may be the same or different.

[0126] exist Figure 3 In the third exemplary embodiment, the body 12 is also designed differently from the previous two embodiments. The body 12 of the third embodiment has a reinforced region of width W adjacent to the through opening 14. Within the reinforced region, the body 12 has an increased thickness d2. Outside the reinforced region, the body 12 has a smaller thickness d1. This results in a particularly compact design of the electrical feedthrough 10, which is particularly suitable for microcells. However, the body 12 provides high mechanical stability, which is also suitable for forming metal-fixed material feedthroughs as pressure mounts. For this purpose, the width W is chosen to allow the necessary pressure to be established.

[0127] Of course, the design of the main body 12 with the reinforced area can be combined with other embodiments, such as with... Figure 3 The indication in the diagram is that the terminal pin 20 is arranged so that one end of the terminal pin 20 is flush with the surface of the adjacent through opening 14 of the body 12 (see [reference]). Figure 4 ), or only the first end face of the core 22 is covered with the covering material 24. A design with a recessed fixing material 16a (e.g., as...) Figure 2 (As shown) is also possible.

[0128] Figure 4 A fourth exemplary embodiment of the electrical feeder 10 is shown. (See reference...) Figure 1 In the first embodiment, the electrical feeder 10 has a body 12, the body 12 having a through opening 14, and the terminal pin 20 is held in the through opening 14 in an insulating manner by a fixing material 16. Figure 3 In the third embodiment, the core 22 of the terminal pin 20 is provided with covering materials 24 and 25 on both end faces. Thus, in the example shown, one end of the terminal pin is flush with the surface of the adjacent through-hole 14 of the body 12. As can be seen from the figure, in this example, the additional covering material 25 having a third conductive material is chosen to be different from the covering material 24 having a second conductive material. It can be seen that the transition portion 26a from the core 22 to the covering material 24 is located outside the fixing material 16, while on the opposite side of the feedthrough 10, another transition portion 26b from the core 22 to the other covering material 25 is located inside the fixing material 16; that is, the fixing material 16 is directly adjacent to the core 22 and the other covering material 25. With this design, a stable feedthrough can be achieved, particularly when the difference between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the first and third conductive materials is small.

[0129] The body 12 of the fourth exemplary embodiment also includes a flexible flange 30 through which the body 12 can be connected to other elements, such as other parts of the housing. For example, the flexible flange 30 is obtained by reshaping the body 12 and has a transition region of width W in which the flat portion of the body 12 is incorporated into a sealing portion of thickness d2 (which is greater than the thickness d1 of the flat portion of the body 12). The body 12 is flexible and resilient in the transition region, such that the area with the through opening 14 is mechanically decoupled by the flexible flange 30. Therefore, mechanical stress from other parts of the housing is not transmitted to the fixing material 16. Furthermore, the thickness d2 within the insert portion can be freely selected within a wide range, so that the sealing length can be set independently of other dimensions of the body 12 or the housing with the body. Of course, the body 12 with the flexible flange 30 can also be combined with a terminal pin 20 having a covering material on only one end side.

[0130] Figure 5 A fifth exemplary embodiment of the electrical feeder 10 is shown, which is designed similarly to... Figure 1In the first embodiment, only the two ends of the terminal pin 20 protrude from the corresponding surfaces of the body 12. In contrast to the first embodiment, the core 22 of the terminal pin 20, made of copper, copper alloy, or CuSiC, is completely surrounded by aluminum, aluminum alloy, or AlSiC, such that all surfaces of the core 22 are covered by the covering material 24. Therefore, the two end faces and one side surface of the core 22 are particularly covered by the covering material 24. Here, the fixing material 16 also adjoins the core 22, that is, it is arranged at the same horizontal level as the core but does not directly contact it, which is consistent with... Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 Unlike the other embodiments shown, in which the fixing material is in direct contact with the core, i.e., directly adjacent to the side surface of the core or core 22.

[0131] Figure 6 A sixth exemplary embodiment of the electrical feeder 10 is shown, which is similar in design to Figure 4 The fourth embodiment includes a flexible flange 30, the design and function of which have already been described above. For example... Figure 4 In the fourth embodiment, the core 22 of the terminal pin 20, which has a first conductive material, is provided with covering materials 24 and 25 on both end faces. Thus, in this example, the covering materials 24 and 25 are identical but have different thicknesses. Here, since another transition portion 26b between the core 22 and the other covering material 25 contacts the fixing material, the thickness of the covering material 25 is chosen to be smaller. In contrast to the fourth embodiment, the terminal pin 20 is designed and arranged such that both end faces are not flush with the corresponding surfaces of the body 12, but rather protrude from these surfaces. Therefore, the total thickness of the terminal pin 20 is greater than the thickness of the body 12 in the feedthrough region. Figure 6 This indicates that the arrangement of the core 22 and the thickness of the covering material 25 are chosen such that, in conjunction with the fixing material 16, the first conductive material of the core 22 cannot be approached from one side of the electrical feeder 10. Accordingly, the fixing material 16 is also directly adjacent to the covering material 25 here. The covering material 25 is located on the second side of the electrical feeder 10, which faces inward when the housing is formed. On the opposite first side of the feeder 10 (which faces outward when the housing is formed), in the illustrated embodiment, the first conductive material of the core 22 is accessible because the transition 26a from the core 22 to the covering material 24 is located outside the fixing material 16.

[0132] Figure 7 A seventh exemplary embodiment of the electrical feeder 10 is shown, which is designed similarly to... Figure 2The second embodiment. However, in the seventh embodiment, the body 12 has a circumferential connecting flange 32 (designed here in the form of a single-sided step) on its outer edge. The connecting flange 32 can be used to align and center the body 12 relative to another housing component (e.g., a cup-shaped housing element or a cover element) during the assembly of the housing or cover. Furthermore, a connection with another housing component can be formed at the connecting flange 32, for example, by welding or brazing. The connecting flange can also be combined with other body designs, for example, with reinforcements or flexible flanges.

[0133] Furthermore, in the seventh exemplary embodiment, a pressure-reducing device 31 is provided in the body 12 (which is exemplary designed here as a groove or recess, preferably a circumferential groove or recess). For example, the groove of the pressure-reducing device 31 is arranged on the first side of the electrical feeder 10 (facing outward when the housing is formed). Of course, it can also be arranged on the other side of the housing. Two grooves or recesses arranged on opposite sides of the body can also serve as pressure-reducing devices 31. Instead of grooves, a series of adjacent recesses can also be provided.

[0134] The pressure-reducing device 31 reduces the heat flow through the body 12, thereby forming a thermal barrier, and / or reduces the mechanical stress on the body 12 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the terminal pin 20, because the body 12 is capable of deformation, preferably reversible deformation, in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the terminal pin 20. This results in lower stress applied to the fixing material 16 (in particular, the absence of tensile stress that would reduce the amount of compression on the fixing material 16), thereby ensuring the sealing of the feedthrough 10 under thermal and / or mechanical loads. The fixing material here is a recessed fixing material 16a, designed and arranged as described in conjunction with the second embodiment (see...). Figure 2 Of course, the pressure-reducing device 31 can also be implemented in other embodiments of the invention, for example, according to Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the height H of the fixing material is approximately the same as the thickness D of the body 12 in the region adjacent to the through opening 14.

[0135] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the seventh embodiment, the terminal pin 20 has a core 22 made of copper as a first conductive material, and a covering material 24 made of aluminum as a second conductive material on the end face of the core 22. Alternatively, the core may be made of a copper alloy and / or the covering material may be made of an aluminum alloy.

[0136] The terminal pin 20 shown is advantageously a stamped, roll-formed, covered terminal pin.

[0137] The body 12 is made of a material with a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the material of the core 22. Specifically, the body 12 is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. By selecting a low-melting-point fixing material 16 with a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than that of the body 12, a pressure-sealed, hermetically tight fit can be provided in conjunction with the aluminum or aluminum alloy body 12. For example, the fixing material 16 can be bismuth-based glass. Aluminum phosphate glass is also advantageous.

[0138] Even with a steel body, pressure fitting can be provided if the fixing material is chosen appropriately, because the preload for pressure fitting is essentially determined by the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the body material and the fixing material.

[0139] Optionally, the materials of the body 12, the fixing materials 16, 16a, and the core 22 (if applicable) can be matched with each other in terms of their coefficients of thermal expansion, thereby providing a matched feedthrough.

[0140] If the core 22 is made of copper or optionally a copper alloy, the terminal pin 20 is adapted to the requirements of the metal fixing material feedthrough in terms of its material properties (especially in terms of its coefficient of thermal expansion). Simultaneously, this core 22 is also chemically resistant, thus adapting to the material requirements of the memory cell (e.g., chemical resistance, electrochemical potential, etc.), thereby preventing or at least reducing corrosion of the terminal pin 20. Therefore, providing another covering material on the second end face of the core 22 (which faces inward when forming the housing) is not absolutely necessary.

[0141] Because a cover material 24 made of aluminum or optionally an aluminum alloy is provided on the first end face of the core 22 (which faces outward when the housing is formed), the terminal pins 20 can be optimized for convenient and reliable electrical connections (such as brazing or welding). Even though the cover material 24 made of aluminum or aluminum alloy is located on the inward side when the housing is formed, this also improves accessibility to electrical connections.

[0142] The advantageous combination of materials mentioned in the seventh exemplary embodiment is also advantageous for other embodiments, such as embodiments with and without pressure-reducing device 31, with and without reinforcement measures, flush arrangement of fixing materials, etc.

[0143] The following will be referenced Figure 8 To reiterate, the terminology used in the above description of the terminal pin 20 is as follows.

[0144] Here, the terminal pin 20 is shown in the form of a cylindrical body, having a side surface 21c and two end faces 21a and 21b. The core 22 of the cylindrical body (which is also cylindrical here) has two opposing end faces 23a and 23b and a side surface 23c, the side surface 23c forming part of the side surface 21c of the terminal pin. It can be seen that the first end face 23a of the core 22 is covered with a covering material 24. It can be seen that the covering material 24 covering the first end face 23a does not protrude laterally from the core 22. Here, the end face of the covering material forming the end face 21a of the terminal pin 20 is approximately the same in size and shape as the first end face 23a of the core 22. Of course, if the peripheral edge on the end face 21a of the terminal pin 20 is rounded, the end face of the covering material can be slightly smaller.

[0145] In the example shown, the terminal pin 20 is designed such that there is no additional layer on the second end face 23b of the core 22. Therefore, the second end face 23b of the core 22 also forms the end side 21b of the terminal pin.

[0146] Although the invention has been described based on preferred exemplary embodiments, it is not limited thereto and can be modified in many ways, particularly by modifying the features described based on different embodiments (e.g., the design of the body (with reinforcing devices, pressure-reducing devices, flexible flanges), the design and arrangement of the fixing materials, the design and arrangement of the terminal pins, and the selection of component materials), and combining these features to form further examples utilizing the technical teachings of the invention.

[0147] List of reference numerals 10 Electrical feeder components 12 main body 14 Through opening 16. Fixing materials 16a Recessed fixing material 20 terminal pins 21a 20 end side 21b 20 end side 21c 20 side surface 22 cores 23a 22 First end face 23b 22 Second end face 23c 22 side surface 24 Covering materials 25 Another covering material 26a Transition section 26b Another transition section 27 Offset 30 Flexible flange 31 Pressure reducing device 32 Connecting flange d1 The first thickness of the reinforced main body d2 Reinforces the second thickness of the main body Thickness of 12 in the region where D is located through the opening. H16 height W width The longitudinal axis of L20.

Claims

1. An electrical feedthrough (10), in particular for an electrical storage device, and comprising a main body (12) with a through-opening (14) and a terminal pin (20) arranged in the through-opening (14) and held in the through-opening (14) in an electrically insulating manner by a fixing material (16), characterized in that The terminal pin (20) comprises or consists of a layered composite material and has a core (22) made of copper or a copper alloy or CuSiC as a first electrically conductive material and a cover material (24) made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy or AlSiC as a second electrically conductive material and covering a first end face (23a) of the core (22) at least on a first side of the electrical feedthrough (10), wherein the terminal pin (20) and the fixing material (16) are designed and arranged such that a transition (26a) from the core (22) to the cover material (24) is located outside the fixing material (16).

2. The electrical feedthrough (10) according to claim 1, wherein A side surface (23c) of the core (22) facing the fixing material (16) is at least partially uncovered with cover material (24, 25) and directly adjoins the fixing material (16).

3. The electrical feedthrough (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The melting temperature of the fixing material (16) is selected to be lower than the melting point of all materials of the terminal pin (20).

4. The electrical feedthrough (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The second electrically conductive material is applied to the end face of the core (22) by cladding, electroplating, coating, vapor deposition, soldering or brazing.

5. The electrical feedthrough (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The terminal pin (20) is a cladded terminal pin comprising or consisting of a cladded layered composite material having a copper or copper alloy layer and at least one aluminum or aluminum alloy layer.

6. The electrical feedthrough (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that In a region adjacent to the through opening (14), the fixing material (16) has a height (H) and the main body (12) has a thickness (D, d2), wherein in a contact area between the main body (12) and the fixing material (16), the height (H) is smaller than the thickness (D).

7. The electrical feedthrough (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that An end side (21a, 21b) of the terminal pin (20) is arranged flush with a surface of the main body (12).

8. The electrical feedthrough (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that One end side (21a, 21b) or both end sides (21a, 21b) of the terminal pin (20) are arranged to protrude from a surface of the main body (12).

9. The electrical feedthrough (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The material of the main body (12) is selected from the group consisting of light metals, light metal alloys, AlSiC, steel, in particular ferritic, austenitic or duplex steel, stainless steel, high-grade steel, tool steel.

10. The electrical feedthrough (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The fixing material (16) is glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic, or comprises glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic.

11. The electrical feedthrough (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that The first coefficient of thermal expansion of the main body (12) is greater than the second coefficient of thermal expansion of the fixing material (16), or the coefficients of thermal expansion of the main body (12) and the fixing material (16) match one another.

12. The electrical feedthrough (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that The main body (12) has a pressure relief device (31).

13. A terminal pin (20) for an electrical feedthrough (10), in particular for an electrical feedthrough (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein The terminal pin (20) has or is in the form of a cylindrical body, and wherein the terminal pin (20) comprises or consists of a layered composite material having a first electrically conductive material layer and at least one second electrically conductive material layer, the first electrically conductive material being preferably selected from copper or a copper alloy, the second electrically conductive material being preferably selected from aluminum or an aluminum alloy, wherein the first electrically conductive material layer forms a core (22) of the terminal pin (20), and the at least one second electrically conductive material layer forms a cover material (24) on a first end face (23a) of the core (22).

14. The terminal pin (20) of claim 13, characterized in that The core (22) accounts for at least 50% or more, advantageously at least 55%, preferably at least 60%, of the length of the terminal pin (20).

15. The terminal pin (20) according to any one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that The terminal pin is of the clad type, preferably of the roll-clad type terminal pin (20).

16. The terminal pin (20) according to any one of claims 13 or 15, characterized in that The terminal pin is of the cut type, preferably of the stamped type terminal pin (20).

17. Use of the terminal pin (20) according to any one of claims 13 to 16 in an electrical feedthrough, in particular according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

18. An electrical storage device, in particular a battery or a capacitor, and comprising a housing having at least one electrical feedthrough (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 12 and / or having a terminal pin (20) according to any one of claims 13 to 16.

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