Treatment method for vegetation-soil-microorganism synergistic remediation of stony desertification slope

Abstract

The invention discloses a vegetation-soil-microorganism synergistic remediation treatment method for a stony desertification slope, and relates to the technical field of soil remediation, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, precise evaluation of site conditions: uniformly arranging 10m * 10m quadrats on a target slope by adopting a GPS positioning and field sampling combined method, and measuring the slope, rock exposure rate, soil thickness and soil organic matter content (SOM); s2, vegetation three-dimensional configuration and field planting: selecting local stress-tolerant species, and constructing a three-dimensional community according to a plant / cluster number ratio of (2-4): (2-4): (3-5); according to the method, vegetation-soil-microorganisms are regarded as an organic whole, a synergistic mutual promotion mechanism of the vegetation, the soil and the microorganisms is systematically constructed, the vegetation fixes a carbon source through photosynthesis, root exudates nourish the microorganisms, the soil provides a physical carrier and a basic environment for the vegetation and the microorganisms, and the microorganisms supply energy to the vegetation through nutrient conversion; and a forward circulation of vegetation soil fixation, soil bacterium cultivation and microbe vegetation promotion is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil remediation technology, specifically a remediation method for the synergistic restoration of vegetation, soil, and microorganisms on rocky desertification slopes. Background Technology

[0002] Rocky desertification is an ecological degradation phenomenon unique to karst landforms: in fragile soil systems developed from carbonate rocks, unreasonable human activities combined with concentrated rainfall lead to soil erosion modulus > 500 t / (km²・a) and bedrock exposure rate > 30%, ultimately forming a vicious cycle of "rock exposure - soil scarcity - vegetation death".

[0003] Existing technologies for combating rocky desertification have significant limitations, with the core issues being their "single-faceted" and "uncoordinated" approaches:

[0004] Vegetation restoration is monoculture: For example, patent CN108782532A only plants Masson pine (tree), ignoring the synergy of shrubs and herbs; because the thickness of karst soil is <30cm, the field water holding capacity is <20%, the survival rate of single vegetation is <50%, and the community transpiration rate is > soil water supply rate, the soil stabilization and water retention effect only lasts for 1-2 years.

[0005] Fragmented soil improvement: Patent CN110250761A only applies organic fertilizer and does not solve the problem of "difficulty in water retention" - Although the porosity of karst soil is high, the capillary porosity ratio is <30%, and the water retention capacity is only 1 / 3 of that of non-karst soil; and the C / N ratio is not adjusted, so the improvement effect lasts for <6 months.

[0006] Lack of application of microorganisms: Existing technologies pay very little attention to functional microorganisms. In karst rocky desertification soils, the number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is only 1 / 5 of that in healthy soils, and the number of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria is only 1 / 3, resulting in insufficient nitrogen supply in the soil, phosphorus activation rate <10%, and lack of nutrient support for vegetation growth.

[0007] Lack of synergistic mechanisms: The quantitative correlation between vegetation, soil and microorganisms has not been established. For example, root exudates of vegetation can promote the reproduction of microorganisms, but existing technologies have not clarified the relationship between exudate concentration and microbial activity. The improvement of soil organic matter needs to match the carbon demand of microorganisms, but existing technologies lack quantitative design. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, which are characterized by "single-type, non-quantitative, and poor synergy," and to provide a method for the synergistic restoration of vegetation, soil, and microorganisms on rocky desertification slopes. By quantitatively assessing site parameters, optimizing vegetation configuration ratios, formulaically controlling the dosage of soil conditioners, accurately calculating the number of viable bacteria in microbial agents, and adapting engineering measures to the slope, a synergistic system that is "calculable, repeatable, and self-sustaining" is constructed to achieve rapid and long-term restoration of rocky desertification slopes.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0010] A method for the synergistic remediation of vegetation-soil-microorganisms on rocky desertification slopes includes the following steps:

[0011] S1. Precise site condition assessment: Using GPS positioning combined with field sampling, 10m×10m quadrats were evenly set up on the target slope to measure slope (α), rock exposure rate (R), soil thickness (H) and soil organic matter content (SOM).

[0012] S2. Three-dimensional vegetation configuration and planting: Select native stress-tolerant species and construct three-dimensional communities according to the ratio of (2-4):(2-4):(3-5) plant / clump number;

[0013] The spacing between trees should be 2.0-3.0m, the row spacing should be 3.0-4.0m, and the planting hole should be 35-45cm×35-45cm×35-45cm.

[0014] Shrubs should be planted at a spacing of 1.5-2.0m and a row spacing of 2.0-3.0m, with planting holes the same as for trees; herbaceous plants should be sown at a rate of 15-20 kg / hm², and planted at the beginning of the local rainy season.

[0015] S3. Targeted improvement of soil physicochemical properties: Apply a composite amendment of "decomposed straw + biochar + PAM", and adjust the dosage according to formula (1):

[0016] Formula (1): Mi = Mi0 × (1 + k);

[0017] In the formula, Mi is the actual amount of the i-th type of amendment (t / hm²), Mi0 is the basic amount of the amendment for mild rocky desertification, and k is the rocky desertification grade coefficient;

[0018] The decomposed straw is corn / wheat straw that has been composted at 60-65℃ for 15-20 days, the biochar is walnut shells anaerobically pyrolyzed at 450-550℃ for 2-3 hours, and the PAM is an anionic type with a molecular weight of 7-9 million.

[0019] Use a deep tillage machine to mix the soil amendment with the top 20-30cm of soil and calculate the uniformity.

[0020] S4. Targeted inoculation of functional microorganisms: Inoculate the root zone of plants with compound microbial agents at a rate of 80-120 kg / hm².

[0021] The *Azotobacter chrysophyte* / *Bacillus megaterium* were cultured on LB medium at 30-32℃ and 180-200 r / min for 55-65 h, and *Gastrodia moses* was cultured on clover substrate for 2.5-3.5 months.

[0022] Apply around the roots of trees / shrubs in pits; apply in strips to herbaceous plants.

[0023] S5. Auxiliary measures for soil and water conservation projects: When the slope is ≥25°, use "contour hedges + fish scale pits"; when the slope is <25°, use fish scale pits alone.

[0024] Fish-scale pits are excavated along contour lines, with a pit spacing of 1.0-2.0m, a depth of 40-60cm, and a diameter of 60-80cm. Herbs are planted in the pits.

[0025] S6. Dynamic monitoring and control: Monitor vegetation survival rate (P), cover rate (Cv), soil organic matter (SOM) and microbial richness (D) every 5-7 months;

[0026] Vegetation coverage was calculated using formula (2), and microbial richness was determined using high-throughput sequencing; if P < 70%, 20%-30% of seedlings were replanted; if SOM increased by < 10%, 1-2 t / hm² of straw was added; if D decreased by > 20%, 50% of inoculant was added.

[0027] Formula (2): ;

[0028] In the formula, The sample plots (m²) were obtained by analyzing the sample plot photos using ImageJ software.

[0029] As a further aspect of the present invention: in step S1, the rock exposure rate is calculated using formula (3), and the severity of rocky desertification is classified into light / moderate / severe levels in accordance with the "Technical Specification for Comprehensive Management of Karst Rocky Desertification" (LY / T 2240-2014).

[0030] Formula (3): ;

[0031] In the formula, S 岩裸 S represents the area of ​​exposed rock within the sample plot. 样方 =100m2.

[0032] As a further aspect of the present invention: In S1: the slope is measured using a TDR-2 slope meter, the soil thickness is sampled using a Φ5cm soil drill, and the soil organic matter content is determined using the potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method. The reaction formula is: .

[0033] As a further embodiment of the present invention: In S2: when planting Yunnan pine, apply 500-700g of well-rotted organic fertilizer (organic matter content ≥30%) to each hole; apply the same amount of organic fertilizer to each hole for Sichuan pepper; and treat alfalfa seeds with rhizobium agent before sowing.

[0034] As a further embodiment of the present invention: In S3: 0.5%-1% EM inoculant is added when composting the mature straw, and the pile is turned over 2-3 times; the biochar pyrolysis heating rate is 5-10℃ / min, and the temperature is maintained for 1 hour.

[0035] As a further embodiment of the present invention: In S4: when preparing the compound microbial agent, the mass ratio of microbial liquid, spore matrix and peat moss is (1-1.5):(1-1.5):(2.5-3.5), and the mixture is vacuum packaged.

[0036] As a further embodiment of the present invention: In S5: the contour line error of the contour hedge is ≤5°, and a 5-10cm thick straw bedding layer is laid after the fish scale pit is excavated.

[0037] As a further aspect of the present invention: In S6: vegetation survival rate For soil organic matter determination, 5,000 g of soil sample was weighed, and microbial richness was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform.

[0038] As a further aspect of the present invention: the composted straw mentioned in step 3 is corn / wheat straw that has been composted, and the C / N ratio is controlled to be 20-25:1 by formula (4);

[0039] Formula (4): ;

[0040] In the formula, N 秸秆 These represent the organic carbon and total nitrogen content of straw, respectively, m 秸秆 For straw quality;

[0041] As a further aspect of the present invention: the uniformity of the mixture of the amendment and the topsoil in step 3 is calculated by formula (5) to be >90%;

[0042] Equation (5): ;

[0043] In the formula, This represents the average content (g / kg) of the amendment at n sampling points within the quadrat. … The content at each sampling point.

[0044] As a further aspect of the present invention:

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0046] 1. Treat “vegetation-soil-microorganisms” as an organic whole and systematically construct a synergistic and mutually reinforcing mechanism among the three: vegetation fixes carbon sources through photosynthesis and nourishes microorganisms through root exudates, soil provides the physical carrier and basic environment for both, and microorganisms convert nutrients into energy for vegetation, forming a positive cycle of “vegetation fixing soil - soil nourishing bacteria - microorganisms promoting vegetation”, which greatly reduces the continuous input of external nutrients and human resources, and enables the restoration system to have self-sustaining capabilities.

[0047] 2. By rapidly covering the ground with three-dimensional vegetation, optimizing soil structure with compound amendments, and activating nutrient cycling with functional microorganisms, the trend of rocky desertification and degradation can be quickly curbed. At the same time, the stability of biochar, the long-term carbon release of decomposed straw, and the continuous activity of microbial communities avoid the problem of existing technologies being "effective in the short term but prone to secondary degradation," ensuring that the restoration effects of soil improvement, vegetation community stability, and microbial function are maintained in the long term.

[0048] 3. Core parameters can be flexibly adjusted according to different levels of rocky desertification to adapt to the characteristics of various slopes in the Southwest Karst region; and the amendments and fungicides are mostly made from locally available agricultural / forestry wastes, and the vegetation is selected from native stress-resistant species. No complicated equipment is required, the operation process is standardized, and it is easy to promote and apply on a large scale in different regions.

[0049] 4. Selecting plant species with economic value can bring long-term benefits to local farmers, stimulate their enthusiasm for participating in restoration and subsequent management, and break the dilemma of "emphasizing restoration but neglecting management". At the same time, the use of environmentally friendly materials throughout the process and the utilization of local resources can reduce costs, achieving a win-win situation for ecological restoration and rural economic development, which is in line with the concept of sustainable governance. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a synergistic remediation method for vegetation-soil-microorganisms on rocky desertification slopes;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the compound amendment composition ratio for a synergistic remediation method of vegetation-soil-microorganism on rocky desertification slopes. Detailed Implementation

[0052] Please see Figures 1-2 A method for the synergistic remediation of vegetation-soil-microorganisms on rocky desertification slopes includes the following steps:

[0053] S1. Precise site condition assessment: Using GPS positioning combined with field sampling, 10m×10m quadrats were evenly set up on the target slope to measure slope (α), rock exposure rate (R), soil thickness (H) and soil organic matter content (SOM).

[0054] Slope was measured using a TDR-2 slope meter; soil thickness was sampled using a Φ5cm soil drill; and soil organic matter content was determined using the potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method. The reaction formula is as follows: ;

[0055] By using "GPS positioning + quadrat sampling + formula calculation", the level of rocky desertification can be accurately classified, avoiding "one-size-fits-all" treatment.

[0056] Plot setup: The slope boundary was determined using a Trimble R10 GNSS positioning instrument. Five 10m×10m plots were set up according to the principle of "one uphill, two mid-slopes, and two downhills". The spacing between plots was ≥20m to cover the microenvironmental differences of the slope.

[0057] Parameter measurement method:

[0058] Slope (α): Using a TDR-2 slope meter, three measuring points were taken along the diagonal in each quadrat, and the average value was taken after measurement, with an accuracy of ±0.1°;

[0059] Rock exposure rate (R): The projected area of ​​the rock within the sample plot measured using a total station (Leica TS60) - S 岩裸 Substitute into the formula to calculate;

[0060] Soil thickness (H): Using a Φ5cm stainless steel soil drill, 5 sampling points were taken in each quadrat in a "quincunx" pattern. The vertical distance from the ground surface to the bedrock was measured and the average was taken.

[0061] Soil organic matter content (SOM): Soil samples were collected from the top 0-20 cm layer. Five samples from each quadrat were mixed to form one sample. The potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method was used for determination: 0.5000 g of soil sample was weighed, passed through a 0.25 mm sieve, and 5 mL of 0.8 mol / L K2Cr2O7 solution and 5 mL of concentrated H2SO4 were added. The mixture was heated in an oil bath at 170-180℃ for 5 min. After cooling, it was titrated with 0.2 mol / L FeSO4. The SOM was calculated using the reaction formula.

[0062] Grading standards (refer to LY / T 2240-2014):

[0063] Mild: R=30%-50%, H>30cm, SOM=15-20g / kg;

[0064] Moderate: R=50%-70%, H=15-30cm, SOM=10-15g / kg;

[0065] Severe: R>70%, H<15cm, SOM<10g / kg.

[0066] S2. Three-dimensional vegetation configuration and planting: Select native stress-tolerant species and construct three-dimensional communities according to the ratio of (2-4):(2-4):(3-5) plant / clump number;

[0067] The spacing between trees should be 2.0-3.0m, the row spacing should be 3.0-4.0m, and the planting hole should be 35-45cm×35-45cm×35-45cm.

[0068] Shrubs should be planted at a spacing of 1.5-2.0m and a row spacing of 2.0-3.0m, with planting holes the same as for trees; herbaceous plants should be sown at a rate of 15-20 kg / hm², and planted at the beginning of the local rainy season.

[0069] When planting Yunnan pine, apply 500-700g of well-rotted organic fertilizer per hole (organic matter content ≥30%). Apply the same amount of organic fertilizer per hole for Sichuan pepper. Treat alfalfa seeds with rhizobium agent before sowing.

[0070] Based on site grading, native species with "stress tolerance and complementary functions" were selected, and community stability was ensured through quantitative allocation of plant / row spacing.

[0071] Criteria for species selection:

[0072] Yunnan pine (tree): Deep-rooted, with a taproot depth of 1.5-2.0m, tolerant of poor soil, can grow in soil with SOM <10g / kg, low transpiration rate, which can reduce water consumption;

[0073] Sichuan pepper (shrub): The root system has rhizobia with a nitrogen fixation capacity of 15-20 kg / hm²·year, which has high economic value and is drought resistant - it can still survive when the soil moisture content is <15%;

[0074] Alfalfa (herbaceous): fast-growing - coverage rate ≥40% 3 months after sowing, high nitrogenase activity - 100-150 μmol C2H4 / g・h, which can rapidly increase soil nitrogen;

[0075] Configuration ratio and parameters:

[0076] Ratio adjustment: Mild rocky desertification - tree:shrub:grass = 4:4:3, moderate (3:3:4), severe (2:4:5) - increase the ratio of shrubs / grass in severe areas to accelerate ground cover;

[0077] Planting parameters:

[0078] Trees: Plant spacing 2.0-3.0m - 3.0m for light planting, 2.0m for heavy planting, row spacing 3.0-4.0m, planting hole 35-45cm×35-45cm×35-45cm, take the upper limit for heavy planting, increase soil volume, apply 500-700g of decomposed organic fertilizer per hole;

[0079] Shrubs: Plant spacing 1.5-2.0m, row spacing 2.0-3.0m, planting holes are the same as for trees, apply the same amount of organic fertilizer per hole;

[0080] Herbaceous plants: Broadcasting rate 15-20 kg / hm², heavy-duty rate 20 kg / hm². Treat seeds with rhizobium inoculant before sowing at a rate of 500 g / hm², ensuring an effective viable count ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g;

[0081] Planting time: Choose the early rainy season in the local area, such as June in Guizhou, May in Yunnan, and June in Guangxi. At this time, the soil moisture content is ≥20%, which can increase the survival rate of vegetation to over 80%.

[0082] S3. Targeted improvement of soil physicochemical properties: Apply a composite amendment of "decomposed straw + biochar + PAM", and adjust the dosage according to formula (1):

[0083] Formula (1): Mi = Mi0 × (1 + k);

[0084] In the formula, Mi is the actual amount of the i-th type of amendment (t / hm²), Mi0 is the basic amount of the amendment for mild rocky desertification, and k is the rocky desertification grade coefficient;

[0085] The decomposed straw is corn / wheat straw that has been composted at 60-65℃ for 15-20 days. The biochar is made from walnut shells through anaerobic pyrolysis at 450-550℃ for 2-3 hours. The PAM is an anionic type with a molecular weight of 7-9 million.

[0086] Use a deep tillage machine to mix the soil amendment with the top 20-30cm of soil and calculate the uniformity.

[0087] In step 3, the composted straw is corn / wheat straw that has been composted, and the C / N ratio is controlled to be 20-25:1 by formula (4);

[0088] Formula (4): ;

[0089] In the formula, N 秸秆 These represent the organic carbon and total nitrogen content of straw, respectively, m 秸秆 For straw quality;

[0090] In step 3, the uniformity of the mixture between the amendment and the topsoil is calculated using formula (5) and is >90%.

[0091] Equation (5): ;

[0092] In the formula, This represents the average content (g / kg) of the amendment at n sampling points within the quadrat. … Content at each sampling point;

[0093] Add 0.5%-1% EM microbial agent when composting mature straw, and turn the pile 2-3 times; the biochar pyrolysis heating rate is 5-10℃ / min, and the temperature is maintained for 1 hour;

[0094] By using "compound amendments + formulaic dosage", the problem of "carbon deficiency, poor water retention and easy erosion" in karst soils can be solved. The core is to quantitatively control the C / N ratio and the uniformity of mixing.

[0095] Composite Modifier Component Design:

[0096] Composted straw: Select corn / wheat straw, chop it to 5-10cm, mix it with EM inoculant (0.5%-1%), and compost at 60-65℃ for 15-20 days (turning the pile 2-3 times to ensure uniform composting); control the C / N ratio to 20-25:1 using a formula. If the C / N ratio is too high, add urea to adjust it; if it is too low, add sawdust.

[0097] Biochar: Using walnut shells as raw material, anaerobic pyrolysis is carried out in a tube furnace at 450-550℃, with a heating rate of 5-10℃ / min and a holding time of 1h, to obtain biochar with a specific surface area ≥200 m² / g; its porous structure can improve soil water retention capacity by 40%-50%;

[0098] PAM-polyacrylamide: Select anionic type - model APAM-800, molecular weight 7-9 million, which increases the content of soil aggregates by 20%-30% through flocculation, reducing soil erosion.

[0099] Dosage adjustment:

[0100] Mild rocky desertification: 3 t / hm² of decomposed straw, 1.5 t / hm² of biochar, and 0.06 t / hm² of PAM;

[0101] Moderate rocky desertification: M 秸秆 =3×(1+0.3)=3.9t / hm², M 生物炭 =1.5×1.3=1.95t / hm², M PAM =0.06×1.3=0.078t / hm², rounded to 4.5t / hm², 1.8t / hm², and 0.09t / hm²;

[0102] Severe rocky desertification: M 秸秆 =3×1.5=4.5t / hm², M 生物炭 =1.5×1.5=2.25t / hm², M PAM =0.06×1.5=0.09t / hm²;

[0103] Mixing and uniformity determination: The amendment was mixed with the soil using a 1GS-12 deep tillage machine. After mixing, soil samples were taken using the "five-point sampling method" with five points in each plot. The amendment content at each point was determined. Straw was measured by burning, biochar by potassium dichromate oxidation, and PAM by spectrophotometry. The uniformity was calculated by substituting the samples into the formula to ensure that there was no local accumulation.

[0104] S4. Targeted inoculation of functional microorganisms: Inoculate the root zone of plants with compound microbial agents at a rate of 80-120 kg / hm².

[0105] Azotobacter chrysophyte / Bacillus megaterium were cultured on LB medium at 30-32℃ and 180-200 r / min for 55-65 h, while Gastrodia moses was cultured on clover substrate for 2.5-3.5 months.

[0106] Apply around the roots of trees / shrubs in pits; apply in strips to herbaceous plants.

[0107] When preparing the compound microbial agent, the mass ratio of bacterial solution, spore substrate and peat moss is (1-1.5):(1-1.5):(2.5-3.5), and the mixture is vacuum packaged.

[0108] By using "compound microbial agent + live bacteria count formula calculation", the lack of microorganisms in rocky desertification soil is compensated for, and a "microorganism-nutrient-vegetation" cycle chain is constructed.

[0109] Functions and cultivation of microbial agents:

[0110] Azotobacter chroococcum, strain number ACCC 10006: cultured on LB medium with 10 g / L peptone, 5 g / L yeast extract, and 10 g / L NaCl, pH 7.0, at 30-32℃ and 180-200 rpm for 55-65 h. The bacterial concentration was determined by plate count to be ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL;

[0111] Bacillus megaterium, strain number ACCC 10010: Culture conditions are the same as for Azotobacter chrysophagus, bacterial concentration ≥1×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL;

[0112] Funneliformis mosseae, strain number BGC JX04: cultured in clover potting substrate, peat moss:vermiculite = 2:1, at 25℃ with 12h / d light for 2.5-3.5 months. Spores were isolated by wet sieving and decanting, with a count concentration ≥1×10⁻⁶. 6 spores / g;

[0113] Preparation of compound microbial agents and calculation of viable cell count:

[0114] Mixing ratio: Azotobacter chrysophagus inoculum: Bacillus megaterium inoculum: Gastrodia elata substrate: peat moss = 1:1:1:3;

[0115] Viable count verification: Taking moderate rocky desertification as an example, 100g of *Azotobacter chrysophagus* bacterial suspension was taken, C1=1×10 9 CFU / mL, density 1g / mL, V1=100mL, 100g Bacillus megaterium culture, C2=1×10 9 CFU / mL, V2=100mL, 100g *Glomus mosieri* substrate (C3=1×10) 6 Substitute the spores / g and 300g of peat moss into the formula:

[0116] Effective viable bacteria count = (1 × 10) 9 ×100 + 1×10 9 ×100 + 1×10 6 (×100) / (100+100+100+300)≈3.3×10 8 CFU / g;

[0117] Inoculation method and dosage:

[0118] Inoculation rate: 80 kg / hm² for mild cases, 100 kg / hm² for moderate cases, and 120 kg / hm² for severe cases;

[0119] Inoculation method: When transplanting trees / shrubs, dig a hole 5-8cm deep at a distance of 10-15cm from the root system, and apply 18-22g of fungicide to each hole, avoiding direct contact between the fungicide and the root system; when sowing herbaceous plants, make a row spacing of 12-18cm and a furrow 4-6cm deep, apply the fungicide and cover with 2-3cm of soil.

[0120] S5. Auxiliary measures for soil and water conservation projects: When the slope is ≥25°, use "contour hedges + fish scale pits"; when the slope is <25°, use fish scale pits alone.

[0121] Fish-scale pits are excavated along contour lines, with a pit spacing of 1.0-2.0m, a depth of 40-60cm, and a diameter of 60-80cm. Herbs are planted in the pits.

[0122] The contour line error of the contour hedge should be ≤5°, and a 5-10cm thick straw bedding layer should be laid after the fish scale pit is excavated.

[0123] By "adapting engineering measures to slope" to reduce surface runoff and provide a stable environment for biological measures, the core of which is to quantify pit / hedge parameters.

[0124] Project type selection criteria: When the slope is ≥25°, the surface runoff velocity is >0.5m / s, the interception rate of a single fish-scale pit is <60%, and it needs to be combined with contour hedges; when the slope is <25°, the runoff velocity is <0.3m / s, and the interception rate of a single fish-scale pit is ≥80%.

[0125] Contour hedge design:

[0126] Species: Amorpha fruticosa, highly resistant to adverse conditions, with a root density of >5 roots / cm², and good soil-fixing ability;

[0127] Parameters: Plant spacing 0.3-0.5m, heavy-duty 0.3m, dense interception, hedge spacing 5-7m, light-duty 7m, heavy-duty 5m, laid along contour lines, error ≤5°, calibrated with a level;

[0128] Fish scale pit design:

[0129] Parameters: Pit spacing 1.0-2.0m (2.0m for light cases, 1.0m for severe cases), pit depth 40-60cm (60cm for severe cases to increase water collection), pit diameter 60-80cm;

[0130] Optimization: Lay a 5-10cm thick layer of decomposed straw at the bottom of the pit to increase the soil moisture content in the pit by 15%-20%, and plant alfalfa in the pit to further reduce erosion.

[0131] S6. Dynamic monitoring and control: Monitor vegetation survival rate (P), cover rate (Cv), soil organic matter (SOM) and microbial richness (D) every 5-7 months;

[0132] Vegetation coverage was calculated using formula (2), and microbial richness was determined using high-throughput sequencing; if P < 70%, 20%-30% of seedlings were replanted; if SOM increased by < 10%, 1-2 t / hm² of straw was added; if D decreased by > 20%, 50% of inoculant was added.

[0133] Formula (2): ;

[0134] In the formula, The sample plots (m²) were obtained by analyzing the sample plot photos using ImageJ software.

[0135] In step S1, the rock exposure rate is calculated using formula (3), and the severity of rocky desertification is classified into light / moderate / severe levels in accordance with the "Technical Specification for Comprehensive Management of Karst Rocky Desertification" (LY / T 2240-2014):

[0136] Formula (3): ;

[0137] In the formula, S_rock_outer is the area of ​​exposed rock within the sample plot, and S_sample plot = 100 m2;

[0138] Vegetation survival rate For soil organic matter determination, 5,000 g of soil sample was weighed, and microbial richness was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform.

[0139] By combining quantitative monitoring with threshold control, the stability of the repair system can be ensured. The key is to clearly define the control thresholds for each indicator.

[0140] Monitoring content and methods:

[0141] Vegetation indicators:

[0142] Survival rate (P): The number of surviving plants counted per quadrat, substituted into the formula. ;

[0143] Vegetation Coverage (Cv): The vegetation cover area S is analyzed using ImageJ software based on photographs of sample plots taken by drones. 植被覆盖 Substitute into the formula to calculate;

[0144] Soil Indicators:

[0145] Soil organic matter (SOM): Same as S1 potassium dichromate method, measured in top 0-20cm soil samples;

[0146] Soil moisture content: A TDR soil moisture meter was used, with measurements taken at 5 points per sample plot. The average value was taken, with an accuracy of ±0.1%.

[0147] Microbiological indicators:

[0148] Community richness (D): Sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform to determine the V4 and ITS1 regions of the 16S rRNA gene, and the Shannon diversity index (D) was calculated with an accuracy of ±0.1.

[0149] Control measures:

[0150] If P < 70%: replant seedlings of the same size, replanting amount = initial planting amount × (70% - P) / 70% (usually 20%-30%).

[0151] If the SOM increases by less than 10% compared to the initial value: add 1-2 t / hm² of decomposed straw;

[0152] If D decreases by more than 20% compared to the value 6 months after repair: supplement with compound bacterial agent, dosage = initial inoculation amount × 50%;

[0153] If the soil moisture content is <15% and there has been no rain for 15 consecutive days: water artificially, 20-30L / tree for trees, 10-15L / tree for shrubs, and sprinkler irrigation for herbaceous plants.

[0154] Case 1, taking a moderately rocky desertification slope in Qianxinan Prefecture, Guizhou Province as an example, 25°10′N, 104°50′E;

[0155] Initial conditions of the implementation site

[0156] Slope (α): 28°, measured by TDR-2 slope meter, averaged at 3 points;

[0157] Rock exposure rate (R): Measured using a total station at five 100 m² quadrats. 岩裸 The values ​​are 41, 43, 42, 40, and 44 m² respectively. Substituting these values ​​into the formula: R = (41 + 43 + 42 + 40 + 44) / (5 × 100) × 100 = 42%;

[0158] Soil thickness (H): Five soil samples were taken, with thicknesses of 21, 23, 22, 20, and 24 cm, and an average of 22 cm.

[0159] Soil organic matter content (SOM): determined by potassium dichromate method, the values ​​of the 5 samples were 12.3, 12.7, 12.5, 12.4 and 12.6 g / kg, with an average of 12.5 g / kg;

[0160] Current vegetation cover: 18%, ImageJ analysis of drone photos;

[0161] Rocky desertification level: moderate, meeting the moderate standard of R=42%, H=22cm, and SOM=12.5g / kg;

[0162] Implementation steps;

[0163] S1. Precise assessment of site conditions: Five 10m×10m quadrats were set up, the above parameters were measured, and the site was determined to be moderate rocky desertification. The parameter adjustment coefficient for subsequent steps was determined to be k=0.3.

[0164] S2. Three-dimensional vegetation configuration and planting:

[0165] Species and ratios: Yunnan pine-tree: Sichuan pepper-shrub: alfalfa-grass = 3:3:4, moderate ratio;

[0166] Planting parameters:

[0167] Yunnan pine: plant spacing 2.5m, row spacing 3.5m, take the middle value for moderate planting, planting hole 40cm×40cm×40cm, apply 600g of decomposed organic fertilizer per hole, organic matter 32%, C / N=20:1;

[0168] Sichuan pepper: Plant spacing 1.8m, row spacing 2.5m, planting holes are the same as for trees, apply 600g of organic fertilizer per hole;

[0169] Alfalfa: Broadcasting rate 18 kg / hm², medium value for moderate seeding, treat seeds with rhizobium agent before sowing, 500 g / hm²;

[0170] Planting time: June 15, early rainy season in the local area, soil moisture content 22%, TDR measurement.

[0171] S3. Targeted improvement of soil physical and chemical properties:

[0172] Modifier dosage:

[0173] Decomposed straw: M 秸秆 =3×(1+0.3)=3.9t / hm², rounded to 4.5t / hm². Local straw is plentiful, so the value is slightly higher than the calculated value to increase organic matter.

[0174] Biochar: M 生物炭 =1.5×1.3=1.95t / hm², rounded up to 1.8t / hm²;

[0175] PAM: M PAM =0.06×1.3=0.078t / hm², rounded down to 0.09t / hm²;

[0176] Preparation of the modifier:

[0177] Composted straw: Chop corn stalks to 8cm, add 0.8% EM inoculant, compost at 62℃ for 18 days, turn the pile 3 times, calculate C / N=22:1, C=450g / kg, N=20.5g / kg, 450 / 20.5≈22;

[0178] Biochar: Walnut shells were anaerobically pyrolyzed at 500℃, and the specific surface area determined by BET was 220 m² / g;

[0179] Mixing and Uniformity: Mixing with a 1GS-12 deep tiller, five-point sampling was used to determine the amendment content. =25.2g / kg, max(c)=27.5g / kg, calculated by the formula U=25.2 / 27.5×100≈91.6%>90%, which meets the requirements.

[0180] S4. Targeted inoculation of functional microorganisms:

[0181] Preparation of inoculum:

[0182] Azotobacter chrysophyte: cultured on LB medium at 31℃ and 190 r / min for 60 h, concentration 1.1 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL;

[0183] Bacillus megaterium: Cultured under the same conditions, concentration 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ 9 CFU / mL;

[0184] *Gastromycosis moses*: cultured in clover substrate for 3 months, spore concentration 1.2 × 10⁻⁶ 6 spores / g;

[0185] Mixing ratio: bacterial solution: spore substrate: peat moss = 1:1:3 (mass ratio). Take 100g of *Azotobacter chrysophagus* bacterial solution, 100g of *Bacillus megaterium* bacterial solution, 100g of spore substrate, and 300g of peat moss. Calculate the effective viable count using formula (5) = (1.1 × 10⁻⁶) / ( ... 9 ×100+ 1.0×10 9 ×100 + 1.2×10 6 (×100) / (600)≈3.5×10 8 CFU / g (satisfying ≥1×10) 8 CFU / g, which can increase the bacterial concentration to 1×10¹ in practical applications. 0 CFU / mL, ensuring a viable bacterial count ≥ 1 × 10⁻⁶ 9 CFU / g);

[0186] Inoculation: 100 kg / hm², dig 6 cm deep holes around the roots of Yunnan pine / Sichuan pepper, and apply 20 g of inoculant per hole; apply alfalfa in strips, with a row spacing of 15 cm and a furrow depth of 5 cm.

[0187] S5. Auxiliary work for soil and water conservation projects:

[0188] Project type: Slope ≥ 28°, using "contour hedges + fish scale pits";

[0189] Contour hedge: Amorpha fruticosa, planted 0.4m apart and spaced 6m apart, laid along contour lines;

[0190] Fish-scale pits: pits spaced 1.5m apart, 50cm deep, and 70cm in diameter. The bottom of the pit is covered with 8cm of decomposed straw, and alfalfa is planted inside the pit.

[0191] S6. Dynamic monitoring and control:

[0192] Monitoring frequency: Once every 6 months, for a total of 2 years;

[0193] Control thresholds: P ≥ 70%, SOM increase ≥ 10%, D decrease ≤ 20%.

[0194] Implementation results;

[0195] Vegetation indicators:

[0196] Survival rates: Yunnan pine 85% - 170 surviving plants per 200 planted plants; Sichuan pepper 92% - 276 surviving plants per 300 planted plants; alfalfa 88% - coverage area / sown area, all ≥70%, no replanting required;

[0197] Coverage: ImageJ analysis of drone photos showed that the Cv values ​​of the five quadrats were 70%, 73%, 72%, 71%, and 74%, with an average of 72%, reaching the upper limit of the moderate target value of 65%~70%.

[0198] Soil Indicators:

[0199] Soil organic matter: determined by potassium dichromate method, average 16.8 g / kg, increase of (16.8-12.5) / 12.5×100=34.4%≥10%, no additional straw is needed;

[0200] Soil moisture content: average 21.5%, an increase of 51.4% from the initial 14.2%, demonstrating a significant water retention effect;

[0201] Soil erosion modulus: Measured by the runoff plot method, it decreased from 820 t / (km²・a) to 310 t / (km²・a), a reduction of 62%;

[0202] Microbiological indicators:

[0203] Community richness: The Shannon index increased from 1.8 to 2.54, an increase of (2.54-1.8) / 1.8×100≈41% ≤ 20% decrease threshold, no need to supplement with inoculum;

[0204] Number of functional microorganisms: Azotobacter chrysophagus 1.2 × 10⁻⁶ 6 CFU / g (initial 2×10) 5 CFU / g), Bacillus megaterium 8×10 5 CFU / g, initial 1.5 × 10 5 CFU / g increased by more than 5 times.

[0205] Case 2: Collaborative restoration of severely rocky desertification slopes in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province;

[0206] Accurate assessment of site conditions;

[0207] Using a combination of GPS positioning and quadrat sampling, two 10m×10m quadrats were set up on the upper, middle, and lower slopes of the hillside. The key characteristics to be measured were: the exposed rock rate on the slope exceeded 70%, the soil thickness was less than 15cm, the soil organic matter content was low, and the existing vegetation cover was only about 10%. Based on the "Technical Specification for Comprehensive Management of Karst Rocky Desertification", the hillside was identified as severely rocky desertification. It was determined that subsequent management should focus on "rapidly covering the surface, strengthening soil water retention, and supplementing functional microorganisms".

[0208] Three-dimensional vegetation configuration and planting;

[0209] Considering the poor soil and severe drought stress on severely sloping land, the vegetation configuration ratio should be adjusted, prioritizing an increase in the proportion of shrubs and herbs:

[0210] Cypress was chosen as the tree species, as it is more tolerant of poor soil than Yunnan pine and its deep roots can stabilize slopes.

[0211] The selected shrub is honeysuckle, which is drought-resistant, has nitrogen-fixing roots, and can also be used as a medicinal and economic plant.

[0212] The herbaceous plant selected is ryegrass, which grows quickly and has a strong covering ability, forming a ground cover layer within 2 months after sowing.

[0213] The planting ratio is "trees:shrubs:herbs = 2:4:5". The spacing between trees is reduced to 2.0m to strengthen the slope, the spacing between shrubs is 0.8m to quickly fill the gaps between bare ground, and the herbs are planted using a combination of broadcasting and row sowing to ensure that there are no bare ground surfaces.

[0214] The planting time should be chosen at the beginning of the local rainy season, around late May, when the soil moisture content on the slope rises to over 20%. After planting, simple drip irrigation should be provided to ensure the survival of the seedlings in the first month.

[0215] Targeted improvement of soil physical and chemical properties;

[0216] To address the core issues of "carbon deficiency and poor water retention" in severely sloping land, the formulation of composite amendments should be strengthened:

[0217] The composted straw is made from locally abundant rice straw, and the composting process is extended to 20 days to ensure full composting and increase the supply of organic matter.

[0218] The biochar was made from chestnut shells, which are waste products from local economic forests in Wenshan. The pyrolysis temperature was increased to 550℃ to enhance porosity and improve water retention capacity.

[0219] Increase the amount of PAM appropriately to avoid soil erosion during the rainy season;

[0220] Use a small deep tillage machine (tillage depth 30cm, 5cm deeper than moderate slope) to mix the soil amendment with the soil, ensuring that the amendment fully penetrates into the thin soil layer and reduces loss.

[0221] Targeted inoculation of functional microorganisms;

[0222] Considering the extremely low microbial population on severely sloping terrain, the inoculation strategy was adjusted as follows:

[0223] The compound microbial agent still uses "Azotobacter chrysophagus + Bacillus megaterium + Gastrodia mosieboldii" as the core, but increases the proportion of Gastrodia mosieboldii to enhance the nutrient absorption capacity of plant roots;

[0224] Optimization of inoculation methods: When planting trees and shrubs, dig a circular trench around the root system, 8cm deep, which is 2cm deeper than on moderate slopes. Mix the inoculant with a small amount of decomposed organic fertilizer and apply it to enhance the stability of microbial colonization. When sowing herbaceous plants, mix the inoculant with the seeds at a ratio of 1:5 and apply it to the soil at the same time as sowing to ensure that the microorganisms and seedling roots grow synchronously.

[0225] Auxiliary work for soil and water conservation projects;

[0226] Because the slope of the hillside exceeds 25° and the severely rocky desertification slope has extremely weak erosion resistance, a combination of "dense contour hedges + fish-scale pits" was adopted:

[0227] The contour hedges are made of Amorpha fruticosa, with the plant spacing reduced to 0.3m, which is 0.1m denser than on moderate slopes. The hedge spacing is shortened to 5m, forming a denser transverse interception zone and reducing slope runoff erosion.

[0228] The fish-scale pits were densely excavated along the contour lines, with the pit spacing reduced to 1.0m and the pit depth increased to 60cm. A 10cm thick layer of decomposed straw was laid at the bottom of the pit, which is 2cm thicker than that on a moderate slope, to further enhance the water collection and fertilizer retention capacity. Rye grass was planted in the pits to prevent the soil inside the pits from being exposed.

[0229] Post-construction maintenance and monitoring;

[0230] In response to the poor stability in the initial stage of severe slope restoration, management and maintenance should be strengthened:

[0231] For the first 6 months, conduct monthly inspections to promptly remove invasive and harmful weeds, such as purple-stemmed eupatorium, to avoid competing with the target vegetation for resources;

[0232] During the dry season, artificial watering is provided once every 20 days, with a focus on protecting cypress and honeysuckle seedlings;

[0233] Regular monitoring of vegetation cover, soil water retention and microbial activity: After one year of restoration, the slope gradually changed from "exposed rocks" to "full coverage of herbaceous plants, clumps of shrubs, and survival of trees". The soil no longer showed obvious erosion during rainy days, and the surface soil could still maintain a certain level of moisture during the dry season. Microbial activity was significantly improved, and a loose humus layer was visible on the surface of the soil on the slope.

[0234] After one year of treatment, this severely rocky desertified slope has transformed from a "vicious cycle of ecological degradation" to a "positive cycle of restoration."

[0235] At the vegetation level: Herbs quickly cover the ground surface, curbing soil erosion; shrubs and trees gradually take root, forming a stable three-dimensional community, avoiding the problem of easy degradation of single vegetation;

[0236] At the soil level: the compound amendment and straw bedding layer improved the soil's water retention capacity, the humus layer was initially formed, and the soil structure was transformed from "compacted and barren" to "loose and breathable".

[0237] At the microbial level: the successful colonization of functional microorganisms promoted soil nutrient transformation, provided continuous support for vegetation growth, and reduced dependence on external fertilization.

[0238] Economic and ecological synergy: The honeysuckle is growing well and can be harvested for medicinal use later, providing additional income for local farmers and stimulating their enthusiasm for participating in management and protection, thus achieving a virtuous cycle of "governance-management-income".

[0239] This invention can construct a self-sustaining ecosystem: for the first time, it treats "vegetation-soil-microorganisms" as an organic whole, systematically constructing a synergistic and mutually reinforcing mechanism among the three: vegetation fixes carbon sources through photosynthesis, and root exudates nourish microorganisms; soil provides the physical carrier and basic environment for both; microorganisms provide energy for vegetation through nutrient conversion (phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen fixation, etc.), forming a positive cycle of "vegetation stabilizing soil - soil nourishing microorganisms - microorganisms promoting vegetation," significantly reducing the continuous input of external nutrients and human labor, enabling the restoration system to have self-sustaining capabilities; the restoration efficiency is high and the effect is long-lasting: through rapid surface coverage by three-dimensional vegetation, optimization of soil structure by composite amendments, and activation of nutrient cycling by functional microorganisms, the trend of rocky desertification degradation can be quickly curbed; at the same time, the stability of biochar, the long-term carbon release of decomposed straw, and the continuous activity of the microbial community avoid the "short-term effectiveness, easy secondary degradation" of existing technologies. This invention addresses the issue of ensuring the long-term maintenance of restoration effects such as soil improvement, vegetation community stability, and microbial function. It is highly practical, adaptable, and operable: Core parameters, such as vegetation configuration ratios, amendment dosages, and project types, can be flexibly adjusted according to different levels of rocky desertification (mild, moderate, and severe), adapting to various slope characteristics in the Southwest Karst region. Furthermore, the amendments and microbial agents primarily utilize readily available local agricultural / forestry waste, such as straw and walnut shells, while the vegetation uses native, stress-resistant species. No complex equipment is required, and the standardized operating procedures facilitate large-scale application in different regions. It balances economic and ecological value, ensuring strong sustainability: Selecting economically valuable plant species, such as Sichuan pepper and toon, can bring long-term benefits to local farmers, stimulating their enthusiasm for participating in restoration and subsequent management, thus overcoming the dilemma of emphasizing treatment while neglecting maintenance. Simultaneously, environmentally friendly materials are used throughout the process, such as those free of chemical pesticides and low-pollution amendments, utilizing local resources to reduce costs and achieve a win-win situation for ecological restoration and rural economic development, aligning with the concept of sustainable governance.

[0240] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the synergistic remediation of vegetation-soil-microorganisms on rocky desertification slopes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Precise site condition assessment: Using GPS positioning combined with field sampling, 10m×10m quadrats were evenly set up on the target slope to measure slope (α), rock exposure rate (R), soil thickness (H) and soil organic matter content (SOM). S2. Three-dimensional vegetation configuration and planting: Select native stress-tolerant species and construct three-dimensional communities according to the ratio of (2-4):(2-4):(3-5) plant / clump number; The spacing between trees should be 2.0-3.0m, the row spacing should be 3.0-4.0m, and the planting hole should be 35-45cm×35-45cm×35-45cm. Shrubs should be planted at a spacing of 1.5-2.0m and a row spacing of 2.0-3.0m, with planting holes the same as for trees; herbaceous plants should be sown at a rate of 15-20 kg / hm², and planted at the beginning of the local rainy season. S3. Targeted improvement of soil physicochemical properties: Apply a composite amendment of "decomposed straw + biochar + PAM", and adjust the dosage according to formula (1): Formula (1): Mi = Mi0 × (1 + k); In the formula, Mi is the actual amount of the i-th type of amendment (t / hm²), Mi0 is the basic amount of the amendment for mild rocky desertification, and k is the rocky desertification grade coefficient; The decomposed straw is corn / wheat straw that has been composted at 60-65℃ for 15-20 days, the biochar is walnut shells anaerobically pyrolyzed at 450-550℃ for 2-3 hours, and the PAM is an anionic type with a molecular weight of 7-9 million. Use a deep tillage machine to mix the soil conditioner with the top 20-30cm of soil and calculate the uniformity. S4. Directed inoculation of functional microorganisms: Inoculate the root zone of plants with compound microbial agents at a rate of 80-120 kg / hm². The *Azotobacter chrysophyte* / *Bacillus megaterium* were cultured on LB medium at 30-32℃ and 180-200 r / min for 55-65 h, and *Gastrodia moses* was cultured on clover substrate for 2.5-3.5 months. Apply around the roots of trees / shrubs in pits; apply in strips to herbaceous plants. S5. Auxiliary measures for soil and water conservation projects: When the slope is ≥25°, use "contour hedges + fish scale pits"; when the slope is <25°, use fish scale pits alone. Fish-scale pits are excavated along contour lines, with a pit spacing of 1.0-2.0m, a depth of 40-60cm, and a diameter of 60-80cm. Herbs are planted in the pits. S6. Dynamic monitoring and control: Monitor vegetation survival rate (P), cover rate (Cv), soil organic matter (SOM) and microbial richness (D) every 5-7 months. Vegetation coverage was calculated using formula (2), and microbial richness was determined using high-throughput sequencing. If P < 70%, replant 20%-30% of seedlings; if SOM increases by < 10%, add 1-2 t / hm² of straw; if D decreases by > 20%, inoculate with 50% of inoculum. Formula (2): ; In the formula, The sample plots (m²) were obtained by analyzing the sample plot photos using ImageJ software.

2. The method for the synergistic remediation of vegetation-soil-microorganisms on rocky desertification slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the rock exposure rate is calculated using formula (3) to classify the rock desertification into light / moderate / severe levels: Formula (3): ; In the formula, S 岩裸 S represents the area of ​​exposed rock within the sample plot. 样方 =100m 2 .

3. The method for the synergistic remediation of vegetation-soil-microorganisms on rocky desertification slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1: the slope was measured using a TDR-2 slope meter, the soil thickness was sampled using a Φ5cm soil drill, and the soil organic matter content was determined using the potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method. The reaction formula is: .

4. The method for the synergistic remediation of vegetation-soil-microorganisms on rocky desertification slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2: When planting Yunnan pine, apply 500-700g of well-rotted organic fertilizer per hole with an organic matter content of ≥30%. Apply the same amount of organic fertilizer per hole for Sichuan pepper. Treat alfalfa seeds with rhizobium agent before sowing.

5. The method for the synergistic remediation of vegetation-soil-microorganisms on rocky desertification slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3: Add 0.5%-1% EM inoculant to the composted straw pile and turn it over 2-3 times; the biochar pyrolysis heating rate is 5-10℃ / min, and the temperature is maintained for 1 hour.

6. The method for synergistic remediation of vegetation-soil-microorganisms on rocky desertification slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4: When preparing the compound microbial agent, the mass ratio of microbial liquid, spore substrate and peat moss is (1-1.5):(1-1.5):(2.5-3.5), and the mixture is vacuum packaged.

7. The method for the synergistic remediation of vegetation-soil-microorganisms on rocky desertification slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5: The contour line error of the contour hedge is ≤5°, and a 5-10cm thick straw bedding layer is laid after the fish scale pit is excavated.

8. The method for the synergistic remediation of vegetation-soil-microorganisms on rocky desertification slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6: vegetation survival rate For soil organic matter determination, 5,000 g of soil sample was weighed, and microbial richness was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform.

9. The method for the synergistic remediation of vegetation-soil-microorganisms on rocky desertification slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composted straw mentioned in step 3 is corn / wheat straw that has been composted, and the C / N ratio is controlled to be 20-25:1 by formula (4); Formula (4): ; In the formula, N 秸秆 These represent the organic carbon and total nitrogen content of straw, respectively. 秸秆 For straw quality.

10. The method for the synergistic remediation of vegetation-soil-microorganisms on rocky desertification slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the uniformity of the mixture between the amendment and the topsoil is calculated using formula (5) and is >90%. Formula (5): ; In the formula, This represents the average content (g / kg) of the amendment at n sampling points within the quadrat. … The content at each sampling point.

Images