Hydrogen evolution cathode and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen evolution electrodes, and provides a hydrogen evolution cathode and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: repeatedly and sequentially coating a catalyst solution system and sintering on a nickel substrate to obtain a precursor; and placing the precursor in an inorganic alkali solution for electric activation to obtain the hydrogen evolution cathode, the catalyst solution system comprises a catalytic metal compound, hydrochloric acid and a solvent; the catalytic metal compound comprises one or more of a nickel compound, a cerium compound, a ruthenium compound, a molybdenum compound, a platinum compound and an iron compound; the sintering temperature independently ranges from 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C, the sintering time independently ranges from 10 min to 60 min, and the sintering atmosphere is air. According to the invention, the hydrogen evolution cathode with a composite nano structure is obtained on a nickel substrate through coating, sintering and electric activation. According to the prepared hydrogen evolution cathode, the binding force between the catalyst layer and the nickel substrate is high, and the service life is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen evolution electrode technology, and in particular to a hydrogen evolution cathode, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, high-efficiency catalysts are mainly designed by improving their intrinsic activity and increasing their specific surface area. Improving the intrinsic activity aims to make each active site "work more efficiently" without significantly increasing the amount of material used. The core logic is to regulate the electronic structure of the active sites and the local reaction environment to optimize the reactants (H... + The adsorption / desorption behavior of H2O on the catalyst surface can be controlled mainly by means of catalyst structural engineering, crystal plane engineering, phase engineering, and defect (vacancy) engineering.

[0003] Increasing the specific surface area of ​​the catalyst is also crucial. A larger specific surface area exposes more active sites, providing more channels for the transport of reactants and products. This is mainly achieved through two approaches: "microstructure design" and "macromorphic engineering." The core of microstructure design is to construct a nanoscale porous system within the material, while the core of macromorphic engineering is to construct special geometric shapes with high exposed areas, such as low-dimensional nanostructures, three-dimensional hierarchical structures, and hollow structures. Special geometric shape design typically requires methods such as template methods, hydrothermal methods, vapor deposition methods, and exfoliation methods. Although these methods are simple to operate, the catalyst layer in the resulting hydrogen evolution cathode is prone to detachment, resulting in a short service life. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a hydrogen evolution cathode, its preparation method, and its application. The hydrogen evolution cathode prepared by the method provided by this invention exhibits strong bonding between the catalyst layer and the nickel substrate, extending the service life of the hydrogen evolution cathode. Furthermore, the hydrogen evolution cathode obtained by this invention also possesses excellent hydrogen evolution capability and a low hydrogen evolution overpotential.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a method for preparing a hydrogen evolution cathode, comprising the following steps: The precursor was obtained by repeatedly coating the catalyst solution system onto a nickel substrate and sintering it. The precursor was electro-activated in an inorganic alkaline solution to obtain the hydrogen evolution cathode. The catalyst solution system includes a catalytic metal compound, hydrochloric acid, and a solvent; The catalytic metal compound includes one or more of nickel compounds, cerium compounds, ruthenium compounds, molybdenum compounds, platinum compounds, and iron compounds; The sintering temperature is independently 400~600℃, the time is independently 10~60min, and the sintering atmosphere is air.

[0006] Preferably, the nickel compound includes nickel trichloride, the cerium compound includes cerium trichloride, the ruthenium compound includes ruthenium trichloride, the molybdenum compound includes molybdenum trioxide, the platinum compound includes chloroplatinic acid, and the iron compound includes ferric chloride.

[0007] Preferably, in the catalyst solution system, the concentration of the nickel compound is 0~0.15 mol / L, the concentration of the cerium compound is 0~0.1 mol / L, the concentration of the ruthenium compound is 0~0.05 mol / L, the concentration of the molybdenum compound is 0~0.1 mol / L, the concentration of the platinum compound is 0~0.05 mol / L, and the concentration of the iron compound is 0~0.1 mol / L; at least one of the nickel compound, cerium compound, ruthenium compound, molybdenum compound, platinum compound, and iron compound has a concentration not of 0 mol / L; the amount of hydrochloric acid added is 0.01~0.03 mL / mL, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 10~12 mol / L.

[0008] Preferably, the solvent includes one or more of water, ethanol, acetone, propanol, and butanol.

[0009] Preferably, the coating amount of the catalyst solution system is independently 5~20 μL / cm. 2 .

[0010] Preferably, the repetition is performed 10 to 15 times.

[0011] Preferably, the inorganic alkaline solution includes a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 1~10 mol / L; the electroactivation current is 10~300 mA and the time is 1~5 h.

[0012] Preferably, the nickel matrix comprises nickel foam, nickel metal mesh, or nickel fiber felt; Before use, the nickel substrate undergoes a pretreatment process, which includes the following steps: The nickel substrate is sandblasted to obtain a sandblasted nickel substrate; The sandblasted nickel substrate is immersed in a cleaning agent for cleaning to obtain a cleaned nickel substrate; The nickel substrate is immersed in an inorganic acid solution for pickling.

[0013] The present invention also provides a hydrogen evolution cathode prepared by the preparation method described above, comprising a nickel substrate and a catalyst layer attached to the nickel substrate.

[0014] The present invention also provides the application of the hydrogen evolution cathode described in the above technical solution in the field of hydrogen production.

[0015] This invention provides a method for preparing a hydrogen evolution cathode.

[0016] This invention provides a hydrogen evolution cathode with a composite nanostructure on a nickel substrate through coating, sintering, and electroactivation. The composite nanostructure in the hydrogen evolution cathode of this invention significantly increases the number of catalytic active sites, improves hydrogen evolution capacity, and reduces hydrogen evolution overpotential. Simultaneously, the preparation method provided by this invention effectively enhances the bonding force between the catalyst layer and the nickel substrate, preventing the hydrogen evolution cathode from experiencing continuous and periodic mechanical impacts and shear forces on the coating surface during the nucleation, growth, and detachment of hydrogen bubbles during operation, effectively preventing detachment and improving the service life of the hydrogen evolution cathode. In summary, the preparation method provided by this invention solves the problems of easy detachment of the catalyst layer and high hydrogen evolution overpotential in traditional hydrogen evolution cathodes; moreover, the preparation method of this invention is simple and easily scalable.

[0017] Data from the examples show that the hydrogen evolution cathode obtained by the present invention achieves 3000 A / m at 30wt% NaOH. 2 At this point, its hydrogen evolution overpotential is only 125mV. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 The cycling stability diagrams are for the hydrogen evolution electrodes obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Figure 2 Here are scanning electron microscope images of the precursor obtained in Example 1; Figure 3 Here is a scanning electron microscope image of the hydrogen evolution cathode obtained in Example 1; Figure 4 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the hydrogen evolution cathode obtained in Comparative Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0019] This invention provides a method for preparing a hydrogen evolution cathode, comprising the following steps: The precursor was obtained by repeatedly coating the catalyst solution system onto a nickel substrate and sintering it. The precursor was electro-activated in an inorganic alkaline solution to obtain the hydrogen evolution cathode. The catalyst solution system includes a catalytic metal compound, hydrochloric acid, and a solvent; The catalytic metal compound includes one or more of nickel compounds, cerium compounds, ruthenium compounds, molybdenum compounds, platinum compounds, and iron compounds; The sintering temperature is independently 400~600℃, the time is independently 10~60min, and the sintering atmosphere is air.

[0020] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in this invention are preferably commercially available products.

[0021] The present invention involves repeatedly coating a catalyst solution system onto a nickel substrate and then sintering it to obtain a precursor.

[0022] In this invention, the nickel matrix preferably includes nickel foam, nickel metal mesh, or nickel fiber felt, and more preferably nickel metal mesh.

[0023] In this invention, the nickel substrate preferably undergoes pretreatment before use; the pretreatment preferably includes the following steps: The nickel substrate is sandblasted to obtain a sandblasted nickel substrate; The sandblasted nickel substrate is immersed in a cleaning agent for cleaning to obtain a cleaned nickel substrate; The nickel substrate is immersed in an inorganic acid solution for pickling.

[0024] In this invention, the medium used for sandblasting is preferably brown fused alumina, and the particle size of the brown fused alumina is preferably 80-120 mesh. After sandblasting, this invention preferably further includes water washing (referred to as the first water washing).

[0025] In this invention, the cleaning agent is preferably anhydrous ethanol or acetone, more preferably anhydrous ethanol; the cleaning is preferably carried out under stirring or ultrasonic conditions, more preferably ultrasonic; the cleaning time is preferably 10-60 min, specifically preferably 60 min; after the cleaning, this invention preferably further includes sequential water washing (referred to as the second water washing) and natural air drying, wherein the reagent used for the second water washing is preferably ultrapure water.

[0026] In this invention, the inorganic acid solution preferably includes a hydrochloric acid solution, the concentration of which is preferably 1-10 mol / L, more preferably 3 mol / L; the acid washing is preferably carried out under stirring or ultrasonic conditions, more preferably ultrasonic; the acid washing time is preferably 10-120 min, more preferably 60 min; after the acid washing, this invention preferably further includes sequential water washing (referred to as the third water washing) and natural air drying; the reagent used for the third water washing is preferably ultrapure water.

[0027] In this invention, the catalyst solution system comprises a catalytic metal compound, hydrochloric acid, and a solvent. The catalytic metal compound comprises one or more of nickel, cerium, ruthenium, molybdenum, platinum, and iron compounds, more preferably at least three of these compounds, and even more preferably three of these compounds. Specifically, it is preferably a mixture of nickel, cerium, ruthenium, molybdenum, platinum, and iron compounds, or a mixture of nickel, iron, and ruthenium compounds. In this invention, the molar ratio of nickel, cerium, and ruthenium compounds in the nickel-cerium-ruthenium compound mixture is preferably 5~10:4~6:2~4, and more preferably 10:5:3. In this invention, the molar ratio of molybdenum compound, platinum compound, and iron compound in the molybdenum compound-platinum compound-iron compound mixture is preferably 5~10:0.5~1.5:4~6, more preferably 5~10:1:5, and specifically preferably 5:1:5 or 10:1:5. In this invention, the molar ratio of nickel compound, iron compound, and ruthenium compound in the nickel compound-iron compound-ruthenium compound mixture is preferably 5~10:5~10:3, more preferably 10:10:3.

[0028] In this invention, the nickel compound preferably includes nickel trichloride (NiCl3), the cerium compound includes cerium trichloride (CeCl3), the ruthenium compound includes ruthenium trichloride (RuCl3), the molybdenum compound includes molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), the platinum compound includes chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6), and the iron compound includes ferric chloride (FeCl3). In this invention, in the catalyst solution system, the concentration of the nickel compound is preferably 0~0.15 mol / L, more preferably 0.05~0.15 mol / L, and specifically preferably 0.1 mol / L; the concentration of the cerium compound is preferably 0~0.1 mol / L, more preferably 0.01~0.1 mol / L, and specifically preferably 0.05 mol / L; the concentration of the ruthenium compound is preferably 0~0.05 mol / L, more preferably 0.01~0.05 mol / L, and specifically preferably 0.03 mol / L. The concentration of the molybdenum compound is preferably 0-0.1 mol / L, more preferably 0.01-0.1 mol / L, and specifically preferably 0.05 mol / L or 0.1 mol / L; the concentration of the platinum compound is preferably 0-0.05 mol / L, more preferably 0.01-0.05 mol / L, and specifically preferably 0.01 mol / L; the concentration of the iron compound is preferably 0-0.1 mol / L, more preferably 0.01-0.1 mol / L, and specifically preferably 0.05 mol / L or 0.1 mol / L. In this invention, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is preferably 10-12 mol / L, and specifically preferably 10 mol / L, 11 mol / L, or 12 mol / L; the amount of hydrochloric acid added to the catalyst solution system is preferably 0.01-0.03 mL / mL, and specifically preferably 0.01 mL / mL, 0.02 mL / mL, or 0.03 mL / mL. In this invention, the solvent preferably includes one or more of water, ethanol, acetone, propanol and butanol, more preferably ethanol and propanol, and the volume ratio of ethanol to propanol is preferably 0.1 to 10:1, specifically preferably 1:1.

[0029] In this invention, the coating amount of the catalyst solution system is preferably 5~20 μL / cm. 2 More preferably, it is 10~15 μL / cm 2 Specifically, 5 μL / cm is preferred. 2 10μL / cm 2 15μL / cm 2 Or 20 μL / cm 2 The thickness of the catalyst solution system can be the same or different each time it is coated.

[0030] In this invention, after coating the catalyst solution system, it is preferable to further include drying and then sintering.

[0031] In this invention, the sintering temperature is independently 400~600℃, specifically preferably 400℃, 450℃, 500℃, 550℃ or 600℃; the time is independently 10~60min, specifically preferably 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min, 50min or 60min; the sintering atmosphere is air. In this invention, the number of repetitions is denoted as N, from the 1st, 2nd... to the (N-1th)th repetition, the sintering time is independently preferably 10~20min, specifically preferably 10min, 15min or 20min; the sintering time for the Nth repetition is preferably 30~60min, specifically preferably 30min, 40min, 50min or 60min.

[0032] After sintering, the present invention preferably allows the material to cool naturally to room temperature before repeating the process of sequentially coating the catalyst solution system and sintering.

[0033] In this invention, the number of repetitions is preferably 10 to 15 times, and more preferably 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 times.

[0034] In this invention, the repeated coating of the catalyst solution system and sintering process on the nickel substrate can enhance the bonding force between the nickel substrate and the catalyst layer, prevent the catalyst layer from falling off, and improve the service life of the hydrogen evolution cathode; at the same time, it can also improve the hydrogen evolution capacity of the hydrogen evolution cathode.

[0035] After obtaining the precursor, the present invention places the precursor in an inorganic alkaline solution for electro-activation to obtain the hydrogen evolution cathode.

[0036] In this invention, the inorganic alkaline solution preferably comprises a sodium hydroxide solution, the concentration of which is preferably 1-10 mol / L, specifically 1 mol / L, 2 mol / L, 3 mol / L, 4 mol / L, 5 mol / L, 6 mol / L, 7 mol / L, 8 mol / L, 9 mol / L, or 10 mol / L. In this invention, the electroactivating current is preferably 10-300 mA, specifically 10 mA, 20 mA, 30 mA, 40 mA, 50 mA, 100 mA, 150 mA, 200 mA, 250 mA, or 300 mA; the time is preferably 1-5 h, specifically 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, or 5 h. In this invention, the applied electricity for electroactivation is preferably alternating current.

[0037] After electroactivation, the present invention preferably further includes: taking out the electroactivated precursor, washing it with water until the washing solution is neutral, and then drying it to obtain the hydrogen evolution cathode.

[0038] In this invention, the electroactivation can promote the growth of composite nanosheets, expose more catalytic active sites, improve the hydrogen evolution capability of the hydrogen evolution cathode, and reduce the hydrogen evolution overpotential.

[0039] The present invention also provides a hydrogen evolution cathode prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution. In the present invention, the hydrogen evolution electrode includes a nickel substrate and a catalyst layer attached to the nickel substrate; the nickel substrate and the catalyst layer have strong bonding and long service life.

[0040] The present invention also provides the application of the hydrogen evolution cathode described in the above technical solution in the field of hydrogen production.

[0041] In this invention, the hydrogen production preferably includes hydrogen production via chlor-alkali or alkaline water electrolysis.

[0042] This invention does not specifically limit the application of the hydrogen evolution cathode in the field of hydrogen production; those skilled in the art can make settings according to actual needs.

[0043] The hydrogen evolution cathode, its preparation method, and its application provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. However, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Example 1 (1) The nickel mesh is sandblasted with brown corundum of 80~120 mesh and then washed with water to obtain sandblasted nickel mesh; the sandblasted nickel mesh is immersed in anhydrous ethanol and sonicated for 60 min; the nickel mesh is taken out and washed with ultrapure water and air-dried to obtain cleaned nickel mesh; the cleaned nickel mesh is immersed in hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 3 mol / L and sonicated for 60 min; the acid-washed nickel substrate is washed with ultrapure water and air-dried to obtain pretreated nickel mesh.

[0045] (2) Preparation of catalyst solution system: Ethanol and propanol are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1 as a mixed solvent. In the mixed solvent, nickel chloride (NiCl3) with a concentration of 0.1 mol / L, cerium chloride (CeCl3) with a concentration of 0.05 mol / L, ruthenium trichloride (RuCl3) with a concentration of 0.03 mol / L, and hydrochloric acid solution with a concentration of 0.01 mL / mL are added, wherein the concentration of hydrochloric acid solution is 10 mol / L.

[0046] (3) The catalyst solution system was coated onto the pretreated nickel mesh at a coating amount of 10 μL / cm. 2 The nickel mesh was sintered in air at a temperature of 500°C for 10 minutes to form a catalytic coating. This process was repeated 14 times, with the final sintering time adjusted to 60 minutes to obtain the precursor.

[0047] (4) Apply a 10 mA alternating current to the precursor obtained in step (3) in an 8 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution for 2 hours to activate the electrode. Take out the electroactivated precursor, wash it with water until the washing solution is neutral, and then dry it to obtain the hydrogen evolution cathode.

[0048] Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the catalytic metal compounds in the catalyst solution system are adjusted to: molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) 0.05 mol / L, chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6) 0.01 mol / L, and ferric chloride 0.05 mol / L. Other operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0049] Example 3 The difference from Example 1 is that the catalytic metal compounds in the catalyst solution system are adjusted to: molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) 0.1 mol / L, chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6) 0.01 mol / L, and ferric chloride 0.05 mol / L. Other operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0050] Example 4 The difference from Example 1 is that the catalytic metal compounds in the catalyst solution system are adjusted to: nickel chloride 0.1 mol / L, ferric chloride 0.1 mol / L, and ruthenium trichloride 0.03 mol / L. Other operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0051] Example 5 The difference from Example 1 is that the sintering temperature is adjusted to 400°C, while other operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0052] Example 6 The difference from Example 1 is that the sintering temperature is adjusted to 600°C, while other operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0053] Example 7 The difference from Example 1 is that the nickel mesh is replaced with nickel foam, and the pore size of the nickel foam is 110 PPI. Other operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0054] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that step (4) is omitted, and the rest of the operation is the same as in Example 1.

[0055] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that step (3) is modified to: each time the catalyst solution system is coated, the coating amount is 10 μL / cm. 2 Dry at room temperature, repeat coating 14 times, and then sinter at 500°C for 60 minutes. Other operations are the same as in Example 1.

[0056] The hydrogen evolution cathodes obtained from the above embodiments and comparative examples are applied to the chlor-alkali industry and the field of alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen production.

[0057] Using an electrochemical workstation, with mercury / mercury oxide as the reference electrode, a graphite rod as the counter electrode, and the prepared hydrogen evolution cathode as the working electrode, the hydrogen evolution overpotential (3000 A / m) of the hydrogen evolution cathode in different electrolytes was measured in a three-electrode system. 2 The results are shown in Table 1.

[0058] Table 1. Hydrogen evolution overpotentials of hydrogen evolution electrodes obtained in the examples and comparative examples.

[0059] Cyclic stability tests were conducted on the hydrogen evolution cathode in a chlor-alkali electrolyzer system with an effective membrane area of ​​13×13cm. A commercially available anode was used, and the current density was 3000 A / m². 2 The electrolytic cell temperature was 80℃, the anolyte was a 300 g / L sodium chloride solution, and the cathode solution was a 30 wt% sodium hydroxide solution. The cycle stability of the hydrogen evolution cathodes obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was determined, and the results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown, from Figure 1 It can be seen that the hydrogen evolution cathode after multiple coating and sintering processes, as well as the electroactivation process, has the lowest cell voltage and can maintain a low voltage even after long-term operation, exhibiting good hydrogen evolution capability and operational stability. The hydrogen evolution cathode without electroactivation has a slightly higher cell voltage than the electroactivated hydrogen evolution cathode and can maintain a certain level of operational stability, indicating that the electroactivation process improves its hydrogen evolution capability and reduces the cell voltage. The hydrogen evolution cathodes obtained through multiple coating processes and only one sintering process have the highest initial cell voltage and show a rapid upward trend, exhibiting poor hydrogen evolution capability and operational stability.

[0060] Figure 2 Here are scanning electron microscope images of the precursor obtained in Example 1. Figure 3 This is a scanning electron microscope image of the hydrogen evolution cathode obtained in Example 1. Figure 4 This is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the hydrogen evolution cathode obtained in Comparative Example 2. From... Figures 2-4 It can be seen that after multiple coating-sintering processes, a catalyst layer with nanoparticles is formed on the nickel substrate. After electroactivation, the catalyst layer is transformed into a uniform composite nanosheet layer, which significantly increases the specific surface area of ​​the catalyst layer and is beneficial to improving the hydrogen evolution capacity. In contrast, although multiple coatings were performed in Comparative Example 2, only one sintering was carried out. The uneven distribution of catalyst layer particles led to uneven stress in the catalyst layer, making it prone to layer detachment and resulting in poor hydrogen evolution capacity.

[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a hydrogen evolution cathode, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The precursor was obtained by repeatedly coating the catalyst solution system onto a nickel substrate and sintering it. The precursor was electro-activated in an inorganic alkaline solution to obtain the hydrogen evolution cathode. The catalyst solution system includes a catalytic metal compound, hydrochloric acid, and a solvent; The catalytic metal compound includes one or more of nickel compounds, cerium compounds, ruthenium compounds, molybdenum compounds, platinum compounds, and iron compounds; The sintering temperature is independently 400~600℃, the time is independently 10~60min, and the sintering atmosphere is air.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nickel compound includes nickel trichloride, the cerium compound includes cerium trichloride, the ruthenium compound includes ruthenium trichloride, the molybdenum compound includes molybdenum trioxide, the platinum compound includes chloroplatinic acid, and the iron compound includes ferric chloride.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In the catalyst solution system, the concentration of the nickel compound is 0~0.15 mol / L, the concentration of the cerium compound is 0~0.1 mol / L, the concentration of the ruthenium compound is 0~0.05 mol / L, the concentration of the molybdenum compound is 0~0.1 mol / L, the concentration of the platinum compound is 0~0.05 mol / L, and the concentration of the iron compound is 0~0.1 mol / L; at least one of the nickel compound, cerium compound, ruthenium compound, molybdenum compound, platinum compound, and iron compound has a concentration not of 0 mol / L; the amount of hydrochloric acid added is 0.01~0.03 mL / mL, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 10~12 mol / L.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solvent includes one or more of water, ethanol, acetone, propanol, and butanol.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coating amount of the catalyst solution system is independently 5~20 μL / cm. 2 .

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The repetition is repeated 10 to 15 times.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inorganic alkaline solution includes a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 1-10 mol / L; the electroactivation current is 10-300 mA and the time is 1-5 h.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nickel matrix includes nickel foam, nickel metal mesh, or nickel fiber felt; Before use, the nickel substrate undergoes a pretreatment process, which includes the following steps: The nickel substrate is sandblasted to obtain a sandblasted nickel substrate; The sandblasted nickel substrate is immersed in a cleaning agent for cleaning to obtain a cleaned nickel substrate; The nickel substrate is immersed in an inorganic acid solution for pickling.

9. The hydrogen evolution cathode prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, It includes a nickel substrate and a catalyst layer attached to the nickel substrate.

10. The application of the hydrogen evolution cathode according to claim 9 in the field of hydrogen production.

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