Multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device

Abstract

The invention discloses smoke detector interface equipment compatible with multiple protocols. The interface device comprises a plurality of interface terminals, a protocol and interface conversion module, a switching assembly and a detection module. The plurality of interface terminals at least comprise a first interface terminal group for a first communication mode and a second interface terminal group for a second communication mode; and the protocol and interface conversion module is used for performing data interaction with an upper computer or a control host, and analyzing and converting data according to a plurality of preset communication protocols. And the switching assembly is arranged between the plurality of interface terminals and the protocol and interface conversion module, comprises a switching device with a common end and a normally open / normally closed end, and is used for switching an electric connection path between the first communication mode and the second communication mode. And the detection module is electrically connected with the plurality of interface terminals, and is used for sending a detection signal to the currently accessed smoke detector, detecting an interface type and / or a protocol type of the current smoke detector based on a feedback signal, and outputting a switching control signal to the switching assembly according to a detection result to realize automatic switching of interface channels. According to the invention, the smoke detectors with various interface forms and various communication protocols can be docked in the same equipment, automatic identification and adaptation of the interfaces and the protocols are realized, repeated development of hardware and software is reduced, field configuration is simplified, and universality and use flexibility of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of smart device technology, and in particular to a multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device. Background Technology

[0002] With increasingly stringent fire safety regulations for buildings, smoke detectors are widely used in industrial plants, commercial buildings, and residential communities. Existing smoke detectors typically connect to fire alarm control panels, building automation systems, or other host computer devices via wired connections. Depending on the manufacturer and application scenario, common interfaces include digital I / O interfaces and RS485 bus interfaces. The electrical characteristics and communication protocols of these different interfaces vary significantly. For example, digital I / O interfaces often use dry contacts or active voltage levels, primarily transmitting alarm / fault status signals; while RS485 interfaces use a differential bus structure, requiring frame format transmission, reception, and parsing according to a pre-defined communication protocol.

[0003] Because smoke detectors use different interface types and communication protocols, engineering applications typically require designing separate interface circuits and protocol parsing schemes for each selected smoke detector model. For example, when a system needs to be compatible with both switch-type and RS485-type detectors, it often requires developing corresponding hardware interface boards and software protocol stacks separately. Furthermore, the type of detector must be predetermined during the construction phase before wiring and system configuration. This not only increases hardware and software development costs but also lacks flexibility in field applications. If a different interface or protocol detector needs to be used, the interface module often needs to be replaced entirely, or even the entire system needs to be modified.

[0004] While some existing technologies offer products with multiple interface types, they typically only provide multiple independent interfaces side-by-side on the same device. Users must manually select and connect the interfaces during installation. The device itself does not have the ability to automatically identify the interface type and protocol type of the currently connected detector, nor can it automatically switch the internal communication channel and protocol parsing method based on the identification result. When smoke detectors with different interfaces and protocols need to be connected to different areas or at different times in the detection system, manual configuration or replacement of interface modules is still required. The system's adaptability is limited, making it difficult to meet the needs of automatic multi-protocol adaptation and plug-and-play in complex engineering scenarios.

[0005] In summary, existing smoke detector interface technologies generally suffer from the following problems: First, the variety of interface types and protocols is vast, lacking a unified automatic identification and adaptation mechanism, leading to high development and maintenance costs; second, most existing devices rely on manual interface selection and protocol configuration, making it difficult to adapt to smoke detectors from different manufacturers and standards in a timely and reliable manner, resulting in insufficient flexibility in system application scenarios. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new technical solution that can interface with smoke detectors using multiple interfaces and protocols within the same device, and achieve multi-protocol compatibility and adaptation through an automatic detection and switching mechanism, thereby improving the system's versatility and engineering application efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device, which eliminates the defects of existing technologies that make it difficult to adapt to the interfaces and protocols of smoke detectors.

[0007] In a first aspect, a multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device is provided, comprising: Multiple interface terminals, wherein the multiple interface terminals include at least a first interface terminal group for a first communication mode and a second interface terminal group for a second communication mode; The protocol and interface conversion module is used to exchange data with the host computer or control host, and to parse and convert data according to a variety of preset communication protocols; A switching component is disposed between the plurality of interface terminals and the protocol and interface conversion module. The switching component includes at least one switching device. The switching device has at least one common terminal and a set of normally open / normally closed terminals. The first interface terminal group and / or the second interface terminal group are electrically connected to different terminals of the switching device. The switching device is configured to switch the electrical connection path between the first communication mode and the second communication mode in order to perform physical connection switching between different interface types. The detection module is electrically connected to the plurality of interface terminals respectively, and is used to send detection signals to the currently connected smoke detectors, detect the interface type and / or protocol type of the current smoke detector based on the feedback signals returned from the smoke detectors, and output a switching control signal to the switching component according to the detection results. When the switching component receives the switching control signal output by the detection module, it controls the switching device to switch the connection state between its common terminal and the corresponding interface terminal, so that the protocol and interface conversion module is electrically connected to the interface terminal group corresponding to the detected interface type and / or protocol type, thereby realizing automatic adaptation to multiple smoke detector interfaces and protocols.

[0008] In the multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device according to the embodiments of this application, the first communication method is a bus-type differential communication method, and the first interface terminal group includes an RS485-A terminal and an RS485-B terminal for 485 communication. The second communication method is a digital I / O communication method, and the second interface terminal group includes a COM terminal and a NO NC terminal for digital communication.

[0009] In the multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device according to the embodiments of this application, the switching component includes a double-pole double-throw switch SW2 with model number MSS22D18G2. The common terminal of the double-pole double-throw switch SW2 is electrically connected to the interface terminal of the protocol and interface conversion module, and its normally open / normally closed terminals are electrically connected to the first interface terminal group and the second interface terminal group, respectively.

[0010] In the multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device according to embodiments of this application, the detection module includes: The signal transmitting unit is used to output a bus communication detection signal to the connected smoke detector through the first interface terminal group, and / or output a switch detection signal through the second interface terminal group. A signal acquisition unit is used to acquire the response signal returned from the smoke detector; The protocol identification unit is used to analyze the response signal based on its level characteristics, communication timing, and / or data format to determine whether the smoke detector is currently using the first communication method or the second communication method and its specific protocol type.

[0011] In the multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device according to an embodiment of this application, the control terminal of the switching component is electrically connected to the protocol identification unit of the detection module, and the switching component is configured as follows: When the detection module identifies that the current interface type is the interface type corresponding to the first communication method, the first interface terminal group is electrically connected to the first communication channel of the protocol and interface conversion module via the switching device; When the detection module identifies that the current interface type is the interface type corresponding to the second communication method, the second interface terminal group is electrically connected to the second communication channel of the protocol and interface conversion module via the switching device.

[0012] In the multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device according to the embodiments of this application, the detection module is further configured to output protocol configuration parameters to the protocol and interface conversion module after identifying the specific protocol type of the current smoke detector, and the protocol and interface conversion module selects the target protocol stack from a variety of preset protocol stacks for communication according to the protocol configuration parameters.

[0013] In the multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device according to the embodiments of this application, the detection module and the plurality of interface terminals are connected by high impedance detection connection or by isolation circuit.

[0014] According to embodiments of this application, a multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device, by setting multiple interface terminals in the same interface device and dividing these multiple interface terminals into a first interface terminal group for a first communication mode and a second interface terminal group for a second communication mode, enables simultaneous support for different types of physical connection forms, such as differential bus communication interfaces and switch / I / O interfaces, on a single hardware platform. This avoids the need to develop separate hardware interface boards for different interface types, reducing the hardware complexity and manufacturing cost of the system. By controlling the switching device to switch the electrical connection path between different terminal groups, the protocol and interface conversion module can automatically switch between different interface channels. This structure can complete the switching of physical connection paths within the device without changing the host computer and the detector body, reducing wiring and on-site modification workload and improving the flexibility of the system structure. By setting detection modules on multiple interface terminals, the detection modules send detection signals to the currently connected smoke detectors and detect the interface type and / or protocol type of the current smoke detector based on the feedback signals. The detection results are then output as switching control signals to the switching component, thereby realizing automatic identification of interface type and protocol type and channel switching. Compared to methods that rely on manual dialing, jumper wires, or software configuration, this invention can automatically complete interface identification and channel configuration after the device is powered on or the detector is replaced, reducing the risk of errors caused by human operation and improving the system's plug-and-play capability and ease of use.

[0015] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0018] Existing smoke detectors suffer from diverse interface types and inconsistent communication protocols in engineering applications. Common interfaces include digital I / O interfaces and RS485 bus interfaces. Due to significant differences in the electrical characteristics and communication methods of different interfaces, the conventional approach is to design separate hardware interface circuits and protocol parsing programs for each interface type, or to set up multiple independent interfaces in parallel on the same device, requiring users to manually select wiring and configuration during installation. This approach not only increases hardware and software development costs but also requires manual judgment and configuration in actual use, making it prone to errors and difficult to adapt to application scenarios with frequent changes in detector models and interface types, resulting in poor system scalability and versatility.

[0019] To address this, this application proposes a multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device, which aims to achieve automatic identification and adaptation of multiple interface forms and multiple communication protocols in the same interface device without pre-defining specific detector models and interface types. This reduces the workload of repeated development and field configuration for different interfaces and protocols, and improves the system's versatility and flexibility of use.

[0020] In this embodiment, multiple interface terminals are provided in the circuit of the interface device, and these interface terminals are divided into at least two categories, each corresponding to a different communication method. A controllable switching component is provided between the multiple interface terminals and the protocol and interface conversion module. At the same time, a detection module is configured on the multiple interface terminals. The detection module sends a detection signal to the connected smoke detector and collects a feedback signal to automatically determine the interface type and / or protocol type of the currently connected smoke detector. Then, based on the detection result, the switching component and the protocol and interface conversion module are controlled to complete the automatic switching of the physical connection path and protocol parsing method.

[0021] For example, according to the interface device of this application embodiment, when a smoke detector is connected to the interface device of the present invention, the detection module first performs interface and protocol detection on the external detector, automatically determining whether the detector uses a first communication method or a second communication method, and the corresponding protocol type; subsequently, the switching component controls the common terminal of the switching device to be electrically connected to the corresponding interface terminal group according to the switching control signal output by the detection module, so that the protocol and interface conversion module is connected to the physical channel corresponding to the current interface type; at the same time, the protocol and interface conversion module can internally select a matching protocol stack for communication according to the protocol type information provided by the detection module. Through the above-mentioned collaborative work, the present invention can automatically identify and adapt smoke detectors with different interface forms and different protocol standards without the need for manual dialing, jumper wires or complex software configuration.

[0022] By integrating multiple sets of interface terminals, detection modules, and controllable switching components into the same interface device, automatic detection of interface type and protocol type and physical channel switching are realized. This enables the protocol and interface conversion module to select the corresponding communication method and protocol stack based on the detection results. This not only simplifies the system design and on-site construction configuration process and reduces the development costs of hardware and software, but also significantly improves the compatibility of the device with various smoke detectors and the flexibility of its use scenarios.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a smoke detector interface device according to an embodiment of this application. The multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device provided in this embodiment can be used to connect smoke detectors with different interface forms and different protocol types to the same host computer or control host system, achieving multi-protocol compatibility and adaptation through automatic identification and switching. Figure 1 As shown, the multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device according to the embodiments of this application may include multiple interface terminals 11, a protocol and interface conversion module 12, a switching component 13, and a detection module 14.

[0024] The plurality of interface terminals 11 may include at least a first interface terminal group 111 for a first communication mode and a second interface terminal group 112 for a second communication mode.

[0025] In this embodiment, the interface terminal 11 can be arranged on the side of the device housing in the form of a terminal block for electrical connection with the external smoke detector 15. Each terminal in the interface terminal 11 is connected to the internal circuitry through traces on the printed circuit board to enable the input of different types of electrical signals.

[0026] In this embodiment, the first communication method is a bus-type differential communication method, preferably RS485 communication; the first interface terminal group 111 includes RS485-A and RS485-B terminals for RS485 communication; the second communication method is a digital I / O communication method; the second interface terminal group 112 includes COM and NO-NC terminals for digital I / O communication. The RS485-A and RS485-B terminals form a pair of differential signal lines for connecting a smoke detector using RS485 communication; the COM and NO-NC terminals form a set of digital input channels, which can be connected to the relay output or digital output signal of a dry contact or active level smoke detector. By arranging the RS485 interface terminal group and the digital interface terminal group on the same interface device, this embodiment can simultaneously adapt to two mainstream smoke detector interface forms at the physical level.

[0027] In this embodiment, the interface terminal 11 is preferably a pluggable terminal or a screw-crimped terminal, and a clear silkscreen mark is set next to the terminal, such as "A, B, COM, NO, NC", etc., to reduce the possibility of wiring errors.

[0028] The protocol and interface conversion module 12 can be used to perform data interaction with the host computer 16 and to parse and convert data according to a variety of preset communication protocols.

[0029] In this embodiment, the protocol and interface conversion module 12 can be installed on the main control board of the interface device, and is used for format conversion and protocol parsing of data transmission between the smoke detector 15 and the host computer 16. The protocol and interface conversion module 12 is connected to the switching component 13 and the detection module 14 through an internal communication channel, and is also connected to the host computer 16 through a communication bus (such as RS485 bus, Ethernet or CAN bus).

[0030] In this embodiment, the protocol and interface conversion module 12 includes a microprocessor and a memory. The memory stores program code for implementing multi-protocol parsing, interface switching control, and data forwarding. When executing the program code, the microprocessor is configured to perform the following functions: The system receives the detection results and switching control signals output by the detection module 14, determines the interface type and protocol type of the currently connected smoke detector 15, outputs control commands to the switching component 13 to control the switching state of the switching device, thereby completing the automatic switching of the physical connection channel, analyzes and converts the signal from the smoke detector 15 under the selected target protocol, and encapsulates the converted data according to the communication protocol required by the host computer 16 before sending it to the host computer, receives control commands from the host computer 16, converts the control commands into the corresponding downlink data format according to the currently selected protocol type, and sends them to the smoke detector 15.

[0031] After identifying the specific protocol type of the current smoke detector 15, the detection module 14 outputs protocol configuration parameters to the protocol and interface conversion module 12, such as communication baud rate, data bits, checksum method, protocol frame format type, register mapping method, etc. Based on these protocol configuration parameters, the protocol and interface conversion module 12 selects the target protocol stack that matches the smoke detector 15 from a variety of pre-set protocol stacks in the memory for communication, thereby achieving compatibility with smoke detectors from multiple manufacturers and of multiple standards.

[0032] The switching component 13 can be disposed between multiple interface terminals 11 and the protocol and interface conversion module 12. The switching component 13 can include at least one switching device. The switching device has at least one common terminal and a set of normally open / normally closed terminals. The first interface terminal group 111 and / or the second interface terminal group 112 are electrically connected to different terminals of the switching device. The switching device is configured to switch the electrical connection path between the first communication mode and the second communication mode in order to switch the physical connection between different interface types. When the switching component 13 receives the switching control signal output by the detection module 14, it controls the switching device to switch the connection state between its common terminal and the corresponding interface terminal 11, so that the protocol and interface conversion module 12 is electrically connected to the interface terminal 11 corresponding to the detected interface type and / or protocol type, thereby realizing automatic adaptation to multiple smoke detector interfaces and protocols.

[0033] In this embodiment, the switching component 13 can be disposed on the circuit path between the interface terminal 11 and the protocol and interface conversion module 12, and is used to switch the electrical connection state with the protocol and interface conversion module 12 between the first interface terminal group 111 and the second interface terminal group 112. Through the control of the switching component 13, the protocol and interface conversion module 12 can be selectively connected to the RS485 interface terminal group or the switch interface terminal group at the same physical interface location.

[0034] The switching component 13 in this embodiment may include a double-pole double-throw switch SW2 with model number MSS22D18G2. The common terminal of the double-pole double-throw switch SW2 is electrically connected to the interface terminal of the protocol and interface conversion module 12, and its normally open / normally closed terminals are electrically connected to the first interface terminal group and the second interface terminal group, respectively.

[0035] Specifically, the two common terminals of SW2 are respectively connected to the differential communication channel input / output terminal and the switch input detection channel of the protocol and interface conversion module 12; A set of normally open and normally closed terminals of SW2 are connected to RS485-A, RS485-B terminals and COM and NO-NC terminals respectively via wiring, thereby enabling the switching between RS485 channels and digital input channels at different settings.

[0036] When the detection module 14 determines that the currently connected smoke detector uses the first communication method (e.g., RS485), the switching component 13 controls SW2 to switch to the first position under the action of the switching control signal output by the detection module 14, so that the common terminal is connected to the terminals corresponding to RS485-A and RS485-B; when it determines that the currently connected smoke detector uses the second communication method (e.g., switch input / output), it controls SW2 to switch to the second position, so that the common terminal is connected to the channels corresponding to the COM and NO-NC terminals.

[0037] The control terminal of the switching component 13 is electrically connected to the protocol identification unit of the detection module 14. The switching component 13 is configured to: when the detection module 14 identifies that the current interface type is the interface type corresponding to the first communication mode, make the first interface terminal group electrically connected to the first communication channel of the protocol and interface conversion module 12 via SW2; When the detection module 14 identifies the current interface type as the interface type corresponding to the second communication mode, it electrically connects the second interface terminal group to the second communication channel of the protocol and interface conversion module 12 via SW2. In this way, the switching component 13 achieves automatic switching of physical channels under the control of the detection module 14, without requiring the user to manually toggle the switch or rewire, thereby improving the automation level and ease of use of the system.

[0038] The detection module 14 can be electrically connected to the plurality of interface terminals 11 respectively, and is used to send detection signals to the currently connected smoke detector 15, detect the interface type and / or protocol type of the current smoke detector based on the feedback signal returned from the smoke detector 15, and output a switching control signal to the switching component 13 according to the detection result.

[0039] In this embodiment, the detection module 14 is installed on the same circuit board as the protocol and interface conversion module 12. It is electrically connected to the RS485-A, RS485-B terminals and the COM and NO-NC terminals respectively through a high-impedance detection branch or isolation circuit, and is used to detect the access status, interface characteristics and communication features of the external smoke detector.

[0040] The detection module 14 may include: a signal transmitting unit 141, used to output a bus communication detection signal to the connected smoke detector through a first interface terminal group 111, and / or output a switch detection signal through a second interface terminal group 112; a signal acquisition unit 142, used to acquire the response signal returned from the smoke detector; and a protocol identification unit 143, used to analyze the response signal according to the level characteristics, communication timing and / or data format of the response signal to determine whether the smoke detector is currently using a first communication method or a second communication method and its specific protocol type.

[0041] Specifically, after the device is powered on or the detector is replaced, the signal transmitting unit 141 can, according to a predetermined detection process, first output a low duty cycle, small amplitude detection frame or handshake signal on the RS485-A and RS485-B terminals, and simultaneously apply a current-limited detection voltage or detection current on the COM and NO-NC terminals. The signal acquisition unit 142 detects the voltage and current of each terminal and whether there is a valid data frame return to obtain a feedback signal reflecting the detector interface type. Subsequently, the protocol identification unit 143 judges the currently connected smoke detector based on the level change of the feedback signal, load characteristics, whether there is a valid differential communication response, and data frame content, for example, judging whether it is an RS485 interface type detector or a switch interface type detector, and further identifies its specific communication protocol.

[0042] Once the protocol identification unit 12 determines the specific protocol type, the detection module 14 generates corresponding protocol configuration parameters and sends them to the protocol and interface conversion module 12. These protocol configuration parameters include, but are not limited to, baud rate, parity bit, data format, frame header / footer identifiers, and register mapping method. Based on these configuration parameters, the protocol and interface conversion module 12 selects the corresponding protocol stack from the preset protocol stacks for subsequent communication.

[0043] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the detection module 14 is connected to the multiple interface terminals 11 via a high-impedance detection connection or an isolation circuit. For example, a high-resistance resistor is connected in series between the RS485-A and RS485-B terminals and the detection module 14, or optocoupler isolation is used, so that the input impedance of the detection circuit is much greater than that of normal communication load; current limiting and isolation devices are set between the COM and NO-NC terminals and the detection module 14, thereby ensuring that the normal communication waveform and electrical characteristics are not significantly affected when performing interface and protocol detection.

[0044] After completing the identification of interface type and protocol type, the detection module 14 can output the generated switching control signal to the switching component 13 to control the double-pole double-throw switch SW2 to switch to the position that matches the current interface type; at the same time, it provides the protocol configuration parameters to the protocol and interface conversion module 12 so that it can select the correct communication channel and protocol stack for data interaction.

[0045] According to embodiments of this application, a multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device, by setting multiple interface terminals in the same interface device and dividing these multiple interface terminals into a first interface terminal group for a first communication mode and a second interface terminal group for a second communication mode, enables simultaneous support for different types of physical connection forms, such as differential bus communication interfaces and switch / I / O interfaces, on a single hardware platform. This avoids the need to develop separate hardware interface boards for different interface types, reducing the hardware complexity and manufacturing cost of the system. By controlling the switching device to switch the electrical connection path between different terminal groups, the protocol and interface conversion module can automatically switch between different interface channels. This structure can complete the switching of physical connection paths within the device without changing the host computer and the detector body, reducing wiring and on-site modification workload and improving the flexibility of the system structure. By setting detection modules on multiple interface terminals, the detection modules send detection signals to the currently connected smoke detectors and detect the interface type and / or protocol type of the current smoke detector based on the feedback signals. The detection results are then output as switching control signals to the switching component, thereby realizing automatic identification of interface type and protocol type and channel switching. Compared to methods that rely on manual dialing, jumper wires, or software configuration, this invention can automatically complete interface identification and channel configuration after the device is powered on or the detector is replaced, reducing the risk of errors caused by human operation and improving the system's plug-and-play capability and ease of use.

[0046] Features of any of the examples or embodiments described above can be combined to create additional examples or embodiments without losing the intended effect. It should be understood that the embodiments or examples described above are merely illustrative descriptions, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications thereto. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that numerous further modifications and combinations can be made to different aspects. Therefore, the described aspects are intended to cover all such changes, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device, characterized in that, The interface device includes: Multiple interface terminals, wherein the multiple interface terminals include at least a first interface terminal group for a first communication mode and a second interface terminal group for a second communication mode; The protocol and interface conversion module is used to exchange data with the host computer or control host, and to parse and convert data according to a variety of preset communication protocols; A switching component is disposed between the plurality of interface terminals and the protocol and interface conversion module. The switching component includes at least one switching device. The switching device has at least one common terminal and a set of normally open / normally closed terminals. The first interface terminal group and / or the second interface terminal group are electrically connected to different terminals of the switching device. The switching device is configured to switch the electrical connection path between the first communication mode and the second communication mode in order to perform physical connection switching between different interface types. The detection module is electrically connected to the plurality of interface terminals respectively, and is used to send detection signals to the currently connected smoke detectors, detect the interface type and / or protocol type of the current smoke detector based on the feedback signals returned from the smoke detectors, and output a switching control signal to the switching component according to the detection results. When the switching component receives the switching control signal output by the detection module, it controls the switching device to switch the connection state between its common terminal and the corresponding interface terminal, so that the protocol and interface conversion module is electrically connected to the interface terminal group corresponding to the detected interface type and / or protocol type, thereby realizing automatic adaptation to multiple smoke detector interfaces and protocols.

2. The multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first communication method is a bus-type differential communication method, and the first interface terminal group includes an RS485-A terminal and an RS485-B terminal for 485 communication; The second communication method is a digital I / O communication method, and the second interface terminal group includes a COM terminal and a NO NC terminal for digital communication.

3. The multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching component includes a double-pole double-throw switch SW2 with model number MSS22D18G2. The common terminal of the double-pole double-throw switch SW2 is electrically connected to the interface terminal of the protocol and interface conversion module, and its normally open / normally closed terminals are electrically connected to the first interface terminal group and the second interface terminal group, respectively.

4. The multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection module includes: The signal transmitting unit is used to output a bus communication detection signal to the connected smoke detector through the first interface terminal group, and / or output a switch detection signal through the second interface terminal group. A signal acquisition unit is used to acquire the response signal returned from the smoke detector; The protocol identification unit is used to analyze the response signal based on its level characteristics, communication timing, and / or data format to determine whether the smoke detector is currently using the first communication method or the second communication method and its specific protocol type.

5. The multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control terminal of the switching component is electrically connected to the protocol identification unit of the detection module, and the switching component is configured as follows: When the detection module identifies that the current interface type is the interface type corresponding to the first communication method, the first interface terminal group is electrically connected to the first communication channel of the protocol and interface conversion module via the switching device; When the detection module identifies that the current interface type is the interface type corresponding to the second communication method, the second interface terminal group is electrically connected to the second communication channel of the protocol and interface conversion module via the switching device.

6. The multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection module is also configured to output protocol configuration parameters to the protocol and interface conversion module after identifying the specific protocol type of the current smoke detector. The protocol and interface conversion module selects the target protocol stack from a variety of preset protocol stacks for communication based on the protocol configuration parameters.

7. The multi-protocol compatible smoke detector interface device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection module is connected to the plurality of interface terminals via a high-impedance detection connection or through an isolation circuit.

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