A digital control-based high-voltage charging and discharging circuit and an adaptive regulation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a high-voltage charging and discharging circuit based on digital control and an adaptive regulation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of charging and discharging. The circuit mainly comprises an ARM microprocessor digital control module, a charging signal trigger module, a charging and discharging module, an isolation driving module and a signal isolation sampling module. The application introduces an ARM microprocessor digital control architecture on the basis of a traditional analog circuit. An ARM microcontroller generates a PWM signal to drive a power switching device for high-frequency switching control of a transformer, so that the input voltage is converted into a high-frequency square wave pulse voltage to charge a high-voltage pulse capacitor. The signal isolation sampling module samples the charging voltage value in real time, and a software control algorithm is combined to timely adjust the PWM signal, so that a charging closed-loop control is formed. When it is detected that the charging voltage value reaches a preset threshold value, the ARM microprocessor directly generates a discharging signal to drive the power switching device, so that the discharging action is completed. The control precision, response speed and autonomy of the charging and discharging are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of charging and discharging technology, and in particular to a high-voltage charging and discharging circuit based on digital control and its adaptive regulation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of power supply technology, the requirements for the control precision, autonomy, flexibility and controllability of high-voltage charging and discharging circuits are becoming increasingly higher. For example, in the fields of detonator detonation, pulsed lasers, equipment ignition, and special power supplies, extremely high performance requirements are placed on high-voltage charging and discharging circuits. They not only need to efficiently and reliably convert low-voltage electrical energy into high voltage and store it in pulse capacitors, but also need to achieve high-precision and fast-response voltage control during the charging process, and accurately and autonomously trigger instantaneous high-current discharge when the target voltage is reached.

[0003] Traditional high-voltage charging and discharging circuits mostly employ analog control methods, typically based on a fixed-frequency constant-voltage or constant-current charging strategy, and controlled by an external trigger circuit for discharging. This traditional approach suffers from two problems: first, it cannot adjust control parameters in real time according to load changes during charging, resulting in slow charging speed, low efficiency, and poor adaptability; second, discharging control usually relies on an external trigger signal, and the system can only execute the discharging operation after receiving the signal, lacking autonomy and flexibility. Furthermore, in complex electromagnetic environments, mis-triggering may occur during discharging control, affecting the system's reliability and safety.

[0004] With the development of digital control technology, especially the increasingly widespread application of embedded microprocessors in power electronic control, it has become possible to achieve precise control of the high-voltage charging and discharging process using digital control methods. However, existing digital control schemes still have problems such as insufficient sampling accuracy, slow response speed, and complex closed-loop control structure in high-voltage isolated sampling, real-time feedback adjustment, and autonomous discharge judgment, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision, high-reliability, and highly adaptive high-voltage charging and discharging applications.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-voltage charging and discharging scheme that can achieve high-precision sampling, adaptive adjustment, autonomous discharge, and simple structure with digital control. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art and to provide a high-voltage charging and discharging circuit based on digital control and its adaptive regulation method. By introducing a digital intelligent control architecture, the high-voltage charging and discharging circuit achieves breakthroughs in performance indicators in four aspects: accuracy, flexibility, autonomy and controllability.

[0007] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] In a first aspect, a high-voltage charging and discharging circuit based on digital control is provided, comprising:

[0009] The ARM microprocessor digital control module is used to run digital control algorithms and generate PWM charging drive signals and discharge trigger signals.

[0010] A charging signal triggering module is connected to the ARM microprocessor digital control module and is used to receive and feed back external charging triggering signals to the ARM microprocessor digital control module.

[0011] The charging and discharging module is used to receive the PWM charging drive signal and perform the conversion of low-voltage electrical energy to high-voltage electrical energy; it is also used to receive the discharge trigger signal and perform the rapid release of high-voltage electrical energy.

[0012] An isolation drive module is connected between the ARM microprocessor digital control module and the charging / discharging module to isolate and amplify the PWM charging drive signal and the discharging trigger signal.

[0013] A signal isolation sampling module is connected between the charging / discharging module and the ARM microprocessor digital control module. It is used to divide and sample the high-voltage charging voltage value in the charging / discharging module and convert it into a differential isolation signal to be fed back to the ARM microprocessor digital control module.

[0014] The ARM microprocessor digital control module has a built-in analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that converts the differential isolation signal into a digitized real-time voltage value. The digital control algorithm performs the following operations based on the real-time voltage value to form an adaptive closed-loop control for the charging and discharging module:

[0015] The charging process of the charging and discharging module is controlled by dynamically adjusting the PWM charging drive signal.

[0016] When the real-time voltage value reaches the preset discharge voltage threshold, the discharge trigger signal is automatically generated and output.

[0017] In some embodiments, the ARM microprocessor digital control module includes an ARM processor, and the analog-to-digital converter is a 12-bit high-precision analog-to-digital converter.

[0018] In some embodiments, the digital control algorithm employs a PID control algorithm, which adjusts the duty cycle and frequency of the PWM charging drive signal in real time based on the deviation between the real-time voltage value and the preset target voltage value.

[0019] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0020] The power isolation switch circuit has its control terminal connected to the ARM microprocessor digital control module, and its main circuit is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the input power supply and the charging / discharging module and the isolation drive module.

[0021] In some embodiments, it also includes:

[0022] The auxiliary power supply module is used to convert the voltage of the input power supply into the voltage required by the ARM microprocessor digital control module and the signal isolation sampling module; it is also used to isolate the ARM microprocessor digital control module from the charging and discharging module.

[0023] In some embodiments, the auxiliary power supply module includes a voltage conversion circuit, which includes an isolated voltage conversion chip.

[0024] In some embodiments, the charging and discharging module includes a boost circuit and a discharging circuit, the boost circuit including a high-voltage pulse capacitor; the isolation drive module includes a PWM isolation drive circuit and a discharging isolation drive circuit, the PWM isolation drive circuit being connected to the boost circuit, and the discharging isolation drive circuit being connected to the discharging circuit.

[0025] In some embodiments, the signal isolation sampling module includes a sampling voltage divider circuit and an isolation sampling circuit connected in sequence. The isolation sampling circuit is connected to the boost circuit and is used to convert the sampled value into a differential isolation signal, which includes a low sampled value and a high sampled value.

[0026] Secondly, a high-voltage charging and discharging adaptive regulation method based on digital control is provided, applied to the circuit described in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1: System initialization, setting the charging target voltage value, discharging voltage threshold and PID control parameters in the ARM microprocessor digital control module program;

[0028] S2: The ARM microprocessor digital control module detects the external charging trigger signal. When it is confirmed to be valid, it controls the power isolation switch to turn on, starts the system power supply, outputs the PWM charging drive signal, and the charging and discharging module starts charging.

[0029] S3: Entering the adaptive charging stage: The signal isolation sampling module divides and samples the high-voltage charging voltage value in the charging and discharging module, and converts it into a differential isolation signal to be fed back to the ARM microprocessor digital control module; the ARM microprocessor digital control module uses its built-in analog-to-digital converter to convert the differential isolation signal into a digital real-time voltage value; the ARM microprocessor digital control module calls the digital control algorithm to dynamically adjust the PWM charging drive signal according to the deviation between the current digital voltage value and the target voltage value, until the real-time voltage value reaches the preset discharge voltage threshold;

[0030] S4: Entering the autonomous discharge stage: When the real-time voltage value reaches the preset discharge voltage threshold, the PWM charging drive signal output is automatically stopped, and a discharge trigger signal is immediately generated. After isolation drive, the discharge circuit in the charging and discharging module is turned on to complete the high-voltage discharge.

[0031] S5: After the discharge is complete, the ARM microprocessor digital control module controls the power supply of the charging and discharging module to be cut off, waiting for the next charging trigger.

[0032] In some embodiments, the system initialization further includes:

[0033] The I / O port of the ARM microprocessor digital control module that receives the charging trigger signal is set to pull-up input mode, the I / O port that outputs the PWM charging drive signal is set to multiplexed push-pull output mode, and the I / O port of the analog-to-digital converter that samples is set to analog input mode.

[0034] It should be further noted that the technical features corresponding to the above-mentioned options and embodiments can be combined or substituted with each other to form new technical solutions without conflict.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] 1. This invention utilizes an ARM microprocessor as the control brain in a digitally controlled charging and discharging circuit, replacing traditional analog circuits. A high-precision signal isolation sampling module samples the high-voltage charging voltage in real time, and then, combined with a digital control algorithm, dynamically adjusts the PWM charging drive signal to control the charging process of the charging and discharging module, forming a closed-loop charging control. Simultaneously, when the real-time voltage value reaches a preset discharge voltage threshold, the ARM microprocessor autonomously generates and outputs a discharge trigger signal, driving the charging and discharging module to complete the discharge action, forming an adaptive closed-loop control for charging and discharging. This achieves high-precision, autonomous, flexible, and controllable high-voltage charging and discharging. Compared with traditional analog control technology, the digitally controlled high-voltage charging and discharging circuit significantly improves performance in terms of control accuracy and stability. The digital control employs microsecond-level precise sampling and adaptive algorithm compensation to eliminate steady-state errors, greatly improving control accuracy.

[0037] 2. This invention introduces a digital PID control algorithm. Through microsecond-level high-precision real-time voltage sampling and PID calculation, PWM parameters can be dynamically and continuously adjusted to achieve accurate tracking and rapid stabilization of the charging voltage. This not only effectively suppresses voltage overshoot and oscillation caused by load changes, component parameter deviations, or input fluctuations, but also significantly reduces steady-state error, raising the control accuracy of the charging voltage to a new level, which is impossible to achieve with simple threshold switching control.

[0038] 3. This invention integrates the discharge judgment logic into the software of the ARM microprocessor. It can automatically trigger discharge based solely on the condition that the real-time sampled voltage value reaches the internal preset threshold, completely eliminating the need for external discharge trigger signals. This fundamentally eliminates the problem of false triggering or failure to trigger caused by external signal interference or line faults, and significantly improves the autonomy and reliability of the system operation.

[0039] 4. The ARM microprocessor-based digital control platform enables functions such as charging strategies, protection logic, and status monitoring to be implemented through software upgrades. Online reconfiguration of control strategies and dynamic parameter configuration can be achieved without hardware modifications. This greatly facilitates product function iteration and adaptation to different application scenarios, surpassing the limitations of traditional analog circuits and fixed-function digital circuits.

[0040] 5. This invention has higher autonomy, possesses load detection capability, can autonomously adjust charging control parameters according to load changes, and can preset discharge thresholds to achieve autonomous discharge function.

[0041] 6. This invention employs a multi-stage isolation system consisting of a power isolation switch circuit, a PWM isolation drive circuit, a discharge isolation drive circuit, and an isolation sampling circuit to ensure complete isolation from the low-voltage control section during high-voltage charging and discharging, thus ensuring circuit safety and reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-voltage charging and discharging circuit based on digital control according to the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a high-voltage charging and discharging circuit based on digital control according to the present invention.

[0044] Figure 3 This is the schematic diagram of the minimum system circuit of the ARM processor of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the crystal oscillator circuit connecting the present invention to the ARM processor minimum system;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the charging signal triggering circuit of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the power isolation switch circuit of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the PWM isolation drive circuit of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the charging voltage isolation sampling circuit of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the discharge isolation drive circuit of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the linear regulator in the auxiliary power supply circuit of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary power supply circuit of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the input filter circuit of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] It should be noted that the defects in the solutions in the prior art are all the results of the inventors' practice and careful research. Therefore, the discovery process of the above problems and the solutions proposed by the embodiments of this application in the following text should be the inventors' contributions to this application in the process of invention and creation, and should not be understood as technical content known to those skilled in the art.

[0056] In view of the technical problems pointed out in the background art, the present invention provides the following embodiments:

[0057] Reference Figure 1 In one exemplary embodiment, a high-voltage charging and discharging circuit based on digital control is provided, comprising:

[0058] The ARM microprocessor digital control module is used to run digital control algorithms and generate PWM charging drive signals and discharge trigger signals.

[0059] A charging signal triggering module is connected to the ARM microprocessor digital control module and is used to receive and feed back external charging triggering signals to the ARM microprocessor digital control module.

[0060] The charging and discharging module is used to receive the PWM charging drive signal and perform the conversion of low-voltage electrical energy to high-voltage electrical energy; it is also used to receive the discharge trigger signal and perform the rapid release of high-voltage electrical energy.

[0061] An isolation drive module is connected between the ARM microprocessor digital control module and the charging / discharging module to isolate and amplify the PWM charging drive signal and the discharging trigger signal.

[0062] A signal isolation sampling module is connected between the charging / discharging module and the ARM microprocessor digital control module. It is used to divide and sample the high-voltage charging voltage value in the charging / discharging module and convert it into a differential isolation signal to be fed back to the ARM microprocessor digital control module.

[0063] The ARM microprocessor digital control module has a built-in analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that converts the differential isolation signal into a digitized real-time voltage value. The digital control algorithm performs the following operations based on the real-time voltage value to form an adaptive closed-loop control for the charging and discharging module:

[0064] The charging process of the charging and discharging module is controlled by dynamically adjusting the PWM charging drive signal.

[0065] When the real-time voltage value reaches the preset discharge voltage threshold, the discharge trigger signal is automatically generated and output.

[0066] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the ARM microprocessor digital control module includes an ARM processor, and the analog-to-digital converter is a 12-bit high-precision analog-to-digital converter.

[0067] The charging and discharging module includes a boost circuit and a discharging circuit, wherein the boost circuit includes a high-voltage pulse capacitor; the isolation drive module includes a PWM isolation drive circuit and a discharging isolation drive circuit, wherein the PWM isolation drive circuit is connected to the boost circuit and the discharging isolation drive circuit is connected to the discharging circuit.

[0068] The signal isolation sampling module includes a sampling voltage divider circuit and an isolation sampling circuit connected in sequence. The isolation sampling circuit is connected to the boost circuit. The isolation sampling circuit is used to convert the sampled value into a differential isolation signal, which includes a low sampled value and a high sampled value.

[0069] Furthermore, it also includes a power isolation switch circuit and an auxiliary power supply module. The control terminal of the power isolation switch circuit is connected to the ARM microprocessor digital control module, and its main circuit is connected in series in the power supply circuits of the input power supply and the charging / discharging module and the isolation drive module. The auxiliary power supply module is used to convert the voltage of the input power supply to the voltage required by the ARM microprocessor digital control module and the signal isolation sampling module; it is also used to isolate the ARM microprocessor digital control module from the charging / discharging module. For example, the auxiliary power supply module includes a voltage conversion circuit, and the voltage conversion circuit includes an isolation voltage conversion chip.

[0070] Furthermore, the digital control algorithm adopts a PID control algorithm, which adjusts the duty cycle and frequency of the PWM charging drive signal in real time according to the deviation between the real-time voltage value and the preset target voltage value.

[0071] The specific structure of each circuit part is described below.

[0072] like Figures 3-4 As shown, the minimum system circuit of the ARM processor consists of U4, U7, X1, P1, C16~C20, C25, R15, R16, R19, R21, and R22. Its main function is to act as the control brain, perform logic and timing control on the entire circuit, provide sampling and computing capabilities, and generate adjustable PWM signals to make the high-voltage charging and discharging circuit more autonomous, flexible, and controllable.

[0073] like Figure 5 As shown, the charging signal trigger circuit consists of U1, U5, R32, R3, R1, and R30. Pins 4 of U1 and U5 are connected to pins 27 and 28 of the ARM microprocessor, respectively. Initially, when there is no external charging trigger signal, pins 4 of U1 and U5 are pulled up to a high level of (+3.3V) through resistors R1 and R30, transmitting a high-level signal of "1" to the ARM processor, indicating that there is no external charging trigger signal and the system does not need to charge. When an external (+5V) charging signal is provided, U1 and U5 are internally turned on, pins 3 and 4 of U1 and U5 are turned on, and pin 4 is pulled to ground, with the level changing to a low level of (0V), transmitting a low-level signal of "0" to the ARM processor, indicating that there is an external charging trigger signal and the system starts charging. U1 and U5 have double protection for charging triggering; the system will only start charging when the levels of pins 4 of U1 and U5 are both low.

[0074] like Figure 6As shown, the power isolation switch circuit consists of resistors R5 and R6, and a circuit with pins K1 connected to pins 14 and 13 of the ARM processor, respectively. Its main function is to control the switching on and off of the (+15V) power supply to the charging / discharging circuit, isolating the power supply of the charging / discharging circuit from the input power supply. This reduces direct damage to the charging / discharging circuit caused by input power supply errors, lowering maintenance costs. Simultaneously, it provides an additional layer of protection against false charging signal triggering. Only when the ARM microprocessor receives a correct charging trigger signal from the charging trigger circuit will pins 14 and 13 of the ARM microprocessor output a high level, driving pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 of K1 to conduct, providing the (+15V) power supply voltage to the subsequent circuits.

[0075] like Figure 7 As shown, the PWM isolation drive circuit consists of D3, R11, and R12. Its main function is to amplify the PWM signal generated by the ARM microprocessor to drive the subsequent power switching transistors to turn on and off, while also providing isolation to prevent damage to the preceding components. The boost circuit consists of T1, Q1 (JRC65N280G), D1, D2 (IN4007), R7, R9, R12, R14, C10, C13, and C14. Its main function is to convert the input voltage (+15V) into a high-frequency square wave pulse voltage to directly charge and store energy in the high-voltage pulse capacitors C13 and C14.

[0076] like Figure 8 As shown, the charging voltage isolation sampling circuit consists of D6, V4 (SMAJ5CA), R23, R24, R28, R26, R29, R25, R27, C29, C26, C27, and C28. Its main function is to perform real-time voltage division, sampling, and isolation feedback of the high-voltage output voltage in the boost circuit. R23 is a high-voltage resistor, which, together with R24 and R28, forms a voltage divider sampling circuit to perform real-time voltage division and sampling of the charging voltage. Then, the sampled value is converted into a differential signal by the D6 isolation sampling chip and transmitted to the ARM microprocessor. The ARM microprocessor samples, detects, and converts the differential signal using its internal ADC to obtain the real-time charging voltage value.

[0077] The high-voltage charging adaptive control system consists of a PWM isolation drive circuit, a boost circuit, a charging voltage isolation sampling circuit, and an ARM microprocessor minimum system circuit. The ARM microprocessor adjusts the PWM drive signal output to the PWM isolation drive circuit and the boost circuit in a timely manner based on the real-time charging voltage value fed back by the charging voltage isolation sampling circuit, thus forming an adaptive high-voltage charging closed loop.

[0078] like Figure 9As shown, the discharge isolation drive circuit consists of D4, R17, R18, and C15. Its main function is to amplify the discharge signal generated by the ARM microprocessor, drive the subsequent power switching transistors to turn on and off, and simultaneously provide isolation to prevent device damage. The discharge circuit consists of K2 (MCTRCI7ZDHC-M), V1 (SMAJI8CA), and R20. Its main function is to control the high-voltage pulse capacitors C13 and C14 to complete the discharge action.

[0079] The high-voltage discharge adaptive control system consists of a discharge isolation drive circuit, a discharge circuit, a charging voltage isolation sampling circuit, and an ARM microprocessor minimum system circuit. When the real-time charging voltage value fed back by the charging voltage isolation sampling circuit reaches the preset threshold, the ARM microprocessor outputs a high level at pin 8. After receiving the discharge signal, the discharge isolation drive circuit drives the discharge circuit to discharge, thus forming a high-voltage autonomous discharge system.

[0080] like Figures 10-11 As shown, the auxiliary power supply circuit consists of UP1, D5, V2, V3 (SMAJ15A), C3~C7, C21~C24 (0.1uF / 50V), etc. It converts the input voltage to the voltage value required by the ARM microprocessor minimum system circuit and the charging voltage isolation sampling circuit. At the same time, it uses an isolation voltage conversion chip to isolate the ARM microprocessor minimum system circuit from the power circuit, so as to avoid damage to the low-voltage circuit components during charging and discharging.

[0081] Furthermore, it also includes an input filtering circuit, such as... Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 12 As shown, the input filter circuit consists of C16, L1, C18, etc. Its main function is to suppress and attenuate the input ripple, noise, and reflected ripple and noise from the subsequent conversion circuit, thereby reducing the interference of ripple and noise on the circuit.

[0082] In another exemplary embodiment, based on the above circuit, a high-voltage charge-discharge adaptive regulation method based on digital control is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0083] S1: Before powering on, the system is initialized. In the program of the ARM microprocessor digital control module, the PID algorithm target value Vtarget (discharge voltage threshold), actual value Vactual, output value Voutput, Kth deviation Error, K-1st deviation LastError, proportional coefficient Kp, integral coefficient Ki, derivative coefficient Kd, and integral value integral are set. At the same time, the I / O port of the ARM processor that receives the charging trigger signal is set to pull-up input mode, the I / O port that outputs the PWM signal is set to multiplexed push-pull output mode, the ADC sampling I / O port is set to analog input mode, and the power isolation switch circuit control I / O port and discharge control I / O port are set to push-pull output.

[0084] S2: After the system is powered on, a +15V DC voltage is input to the input terminal, and the auxiliary power supply circuit starts to work, converting the +15V DC voltage into a +3.3V DC voltage to power the ARM microprocessor minimum system circuit and the charging signal trigger circuit. The ARM microprocessor minimum system circuit and the charging signal trigger circuit start to work, and the ARM microprocessor system program begins initialization.

[0085] S3: Initialization complete. An external charging signal is triggered. The ARM microprocessor digital control module detects the external charging trigger signal. When it is confirmed to be valid, it controls the power isolation switch to turn on, starting the system power supply. The power isolation switch circuit controls the I / O port to output a high level. The power isolation switch circuit is turned on, and the +15V DC voltage at the input terminal is connected to the subsequent circuit, supplying power to the PWM isolation drive circuit, boost circuit, charging voltage isolation sampling circuit, discharge isolation drive circuit, and discharge circuit. The charging and discharging module starts charging.

[0086] S4: Next, the ADC sampling program starts and detects the charging voltage signal UO. The obtained sample value Vsample is sent to the PID algorithm program for calculation. The PID algorithm (Voutput = proportional output Pout + integral output Iout + derivative output Dout) calculates the corresponding PWM signal at the I / O port of the ARM microprocessor. This signal is amplified by the PWM isolation drive circuit and sent to the boost circuit to convert the (+15V) input voltage into a high-frequency square wave pulse voltage to charge and store energy for the high-voltage pulse capacitor. The ADC sampling and PID algorithm are performed in a loop to monitor the charging voltage in real time and adjust the PWM charging drive signal in a timely manner to ensure that the charging voltage reaches the target value stably and quickly.

[0087] S5: During the charging process, the program makes real-time judgments. When the actual value Vactual reaches the target value Vtarget, the I / O port of the ARM microprocessor outputting the PWM signal is turned off, the charging circuit stops charging, and the ARM microprocessor discharge control I / O port outputs a high level. The discharge isolation drive circuit drives the discharge circuit to discharge. This discharge process does not require external signal triggering and realizes autonomous discharge.

[0088] S6: After discharge, the power isolation switch circuit controls the I / O port to output a low level, cutting off the power supply to the subsequent charging and discharging circuit and reducing static losses. After completing one charge and discharge cycle, the ARM microprocessor continues to cyclically detect the charging trigger signal until the next charging trigger signal arrives.

[0089] The above detailed embodiments are a description of the present invention. It should not be considered that the specific embodiments of the present invention are limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions and substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all of these should be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-voltage charging and discharging circuit based on digital control, characterized in that, include: The ARM microprocessor digital control module is used to run digital control algorithms and generate PWM charging drive signals and discharge trigger signals. A charging signal triggering module is connected to the ARM microprocessor digital control module and is used to receive and feed back external charging triggering signals to the ARM microprocessor digital control module. The charging and discharging module is used to receive the PWM charging drive signal and perform the conversion of low-voltage electrical energy to high-voltage electrical energy; it is also used to receive the discharge trigger signal and perform the rapid release of high-voltage electrical energy. An isolation drive module is connected between the ARM microprocessor digital control module and the charging / discharging module to isolate and amplify the PWM charging drive signal and the discharging trigger signal. The charging and discharging module includes a boost circuit and a discharging circuit, wherein the boost circuit includes a high-voltage pulse capacitor; The isolation drive module includes a PWM isolation drive circuit and a discharge isolation drive circuit. The PWM isolation drive circuit is connected to the boost circuit, and the discharge isolation drive circuit is connected to the discharge circuit. A signal isolation sampling module is connected between the charging / discharging module and the ARM microprocessor digital control module. It is used to divide and sample the high-voltage charging voltage value in the charging / discharging module and convert it into a differential isolation signal to be fed back to the ARM microprocessor digital control module. The ARM microprocessor digital control module has a built-in analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that converts the differential isolation signal into a digitized real-time voltage value. The digital control algorithm performs the following operations based on the real-time voltage value to form an adaptive closed-loop control for the charging and discharging module: The charging process of the charging and discharging module is controlled by dynamically adjusting the PWM charging drive signal. When the real-time voltage value reaches the preset discharge voltage threshold, the discharge trigger signal is automatically generated and output.

2. The high-voltage charging and discharging circuit based on digital control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ARM microprocessor digital control module includes an ARM processor, and the analog-to-digital converter is a 12-bit high-precision analog-to-digital converter.

3. The high-voltage charging and discharging circuit based on digital control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The digital control algorithm adopts the PID control algorithm, which adjusts the duty cycle and frequency of the PWM charging drive signal in real time according to the deviation between the real-time voltage value and the preset target voltage value.

4. The high-voltage charging and discharging circuit based on digital control according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The power isolation switch circuit has its control terminal connected to the ARM microprocessor digital control module, and its main circuit is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the input power supply and the charging / discharging module and the isolation drive module.

5. The high-voltage charging and discharging circuit based on digital control according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The auxiliary power supply module is used to convert the voltage of the input power supply into the voltage required by the ARM microprocessor digital control module and the signal isolation sampling module; it is also used to isolate the ARM microprocessor digital control module from the charging and discharging module.

6. The high-voltage charging and discharging circuit based on digital control according to claim 5, characterized in that, The auxiliary power supply module includes a voltage conversion circuit, and the voltage conversion circuit includes an isolated voltage conversion chip.

7. The high-voltage charging and discharging circuit based on digital control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal isolation sampling module includes a sampling voltage divider circuit and an isolation sampling circuit connected in sequence. The isolation sampling circuit is connected to the boost circuit. The isolation sampling circuit is used to convert the sampled value into a differential isolation signal, which includes a low sampled value and a high sampled value.

8. A high-voltage charging and discharging adaptive regulation method based on digital control, applied to the circuit as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: System initialization, setting the charging target voltage value, discharging voltage threshold and PID control parameters in the ARM microprocessor digital control module program; S2: The ARM microprocessor digital control module detects the external charging trigger signal. When it is confirmed to be valid, it controls the power isolation switch to turn on, starts the system power supply, outputs the PWM charging drive signal, and the charging and discharging module starts charging. S3: Entering the adaptive charging stage: The signal isolation sampling module divides and samples the high-voltage charging voltage value in the charging and discharging module, and converts it into a differential isolation signal to be fed back to the ARM microprocessor digital control module; the ARM microprocessor digital control module uses its built-in analog-to-digital converter to convert the differential isolation signal into a digital real-time voltage value; the ARM microprocessor digital control module calls the digital control algorithm to dynamically adjust the PWM charging drive signal according to the deviation between the current digital voltage value and the target voltage value, until the real-time voltage value reaches the preset discharge voltage threshold; S4: Entering the autonomous discharge stage: When the real-time voltage value reaches the preset discharge voltage threshold, the PWM charging drive signal output is automatically stopped, and a discharge trigger signal is immediately generated. After isolation drive, the discharge circuit in the charging and discharging module is turned on to complete the high-voltage discharge. S5: After the discharge is complete, the ARM microprocessor digital control module controls the power supply of the charging and discharging module to be cut off, waiting for the next charging trigger.

9. The high-voltage charging and discharging adaptive regulation method based on digital control according to claim 8, characterized in that, The system initialization also includes: The I / O port of the ARM microprocessor digital control module that receives the charging trigger signal is set to pull-up input mode, the I / O port that outputs the PWM charging drive signal is set to multiplexed push-pull output mode, and the I / O port of the analog-to-digital converter that samples is set to analog input mode.

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