A ladle slide gate and a preparation device thereof

Abstract

The application provides a ladle slide plate and a preparation device, and belongs to the technical field of the ladle slide plate, and solves the problems of difficult stress release and easy cracking deformation of the slide plate under high-temperature thermal relaxation cycle. The slide plate comprises a base layer, a symmetric working layer, a peripheral buffer layer and a supporting shell, the buffer layer is composed of an elastic layer and a rigid layer, the two layers are inclined and attached at an angle of 15-30 degrees, a gap is filled with a buffer strip, the elastic layer slips to release force when thermal expansion, and the elastic layer and the buffer strip are reset cooperatively when cooling, and each layer is made of adaptive refractory and heat-resistant steel material. The preparation device is provided with a press with three sets of male and female molds, a matched quantitative powder feeding assembly, a female mold with a built-in graphite lubricant coating structure and a blank body transfer mechanism, and through three-station step pressing, directional powder feeding, interface lubrication preposition and automatic transfer, the slide plate is uniformly formed and integrated. The application improves the anti-thermal deformation cracking capacity of the slide plate, guarantees the forming quality, and is suitable for the harsh service environment of steel smelting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ladle slide plate technology, and more specifically, to a ladle slide plate and its preparation apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] In the steel smelting process, in order to control the flow rate of molten steel from the ladle to the tundish, a ladle slide plate is needed to achieve reliable control of the molten steel flow rate and on / off state, which facilitates the stable operation of the continuous casting process and ensures product quality.

[0003] The ladle slide plate is the core component of the ladle sliding gate system. Its working environment is extremely harsh. It must withstand the high temperature scouring of molten steel, drastic temperature fluctuations and the static pressure of molten steel for a long time. During high-temperature service, the ladle slide plate will undergo thermal relaxation, which will generate thermal expansion stress. However, the stress cannot be effectively released during the cooling process. Under the long-term repeated thermal relaxation cycle, the slide plate structure is very easy to be damaged, which directly affects the safety and continuity of molten steel casting. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a steel ladle slide plate and its preparation apparatus, thereby resolving the technical issues in the prior art where the stress of the steel ladle slide plate cannot be released under high-temperature thermal relaxation cycles, leading to easy cracking and deformation.

[0005] The purpose and effectiveness of the steel ladle slide plate and its preparation device of the present invention are achieved by the following specific technical means: This invention provides a steel ladle slide plate and its preparation device. A steel-clad skateboard, comprising: skateboard base; The working layers are symmetrically arranged at the top and bottom of the slide base layer; A buffer layer is provided around the periphery of the slide base layer and the working layer; The supporting shell covers the buffer layer; The buffer layer includes an elastic layer and a rigid layer. The elastic layer is attached to the periphery of the base plate of the slide plate, and the rigid layer is attached to the inner side of the supporting shell. The contact surfaces of the elastic layer and the rigid layer are inclined, and a buffer gap is formed between the elastic layer and the rigid layer. The buffer gap is filled with a buffer strip.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment, when the steel ladle slide plate is in a thermally relaxed state, the slide plate base layer generates thermal expansion stress, which is transmitted to the elastic layer, causing the elastic layer to slide along the inclined contact surface between the elastic layer and the rigid layer; When the ladle slide plate is in a cooled and rebounded state, the elastic layer releases elastic deformation force and slides back along the inclined contact surface to reset. At the same time, the buffer strip releases elastic deformation force to assist in the reset.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the elastic layer is the same as the thickness of the skateboard base layer, and the top and bottom of the rigid layer are integrally formed with limiting bosses. The buffer gap is located in the space between the two sets of limiting bosses and the top and bottom of the elastic layer. The angle between the inclined contact surfaces of the elastic layer and the rigid layer is 15° to 30°.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the two sets of limiting bosses are respectively connected to the two sets of working layers, and a graphite lubricant is coated between the rigid layer and the elastic layer.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the base layer of the sliding plate is made of magnesia-carbon refractory material, the working layer is made of zirconium-alumina refractory material, the elastic layer is made of magnesia-alumina spinel refractory material, the rigid layer is made of zirconium-alumina refractory material, the buffer strip is made of graphite refractory material, and the supporting shell is made of heat-resistant steel.

[0010] A ladle slide preparation apparatus includes a press: The press is equipped with three sets of press heads, and the three sets of press heads are respectively equipped with a first male mold, a second male mold and a third male mold. The loading platform of the press is equipped with a first female mold, a second female mold and a third female mold. The press is provided with multiple powder feeding components on one side. Each powder feeding component includes a base and a cover plate. A powder feeding component is slidably provided in the base. The cover plate is provided with a second driving component. Multiple pressure plates are provided on the movable rod of the second driving component. The second master mold has a seepage hole, an oil storage cavity and a first driving component on its molding cavity. The oil storage cavity is connected to the seepage hole and is filled with graphite lubricant. The first driving component is used to push the graphite lubricant in the oil storage cavity to the seepage hole. The press is equipped with a transfer mechanism on one side for transferring the ladle slide blank at the work station.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the first male mold and the first female mold cooperate to form a sliding plate base layer and a working layer forming cavity, and the powder feeding component on the insert of the first male mold is used to quantitatively fill the forming cavity with magnesium carbon refractory powder and zirconium corundum refractory powder. The second male mold and the second female mold cooperate to form an elastic layer and a buffer strip forming cavity. The powder feeding component on the insert of the second male mold is used to quantitatively fill the forming cavity with magnesium aluminum spinel refractory powder and graphite refractory powder. The third male mold and the third female mold cooperate to form a rigid layer and a supporting shell forming cavity. The powder feeding component on the insert of the third male mold is used to quantitatively fill the forming cavity with zirconium corundum refractory material powder and heat-resistant steel powder.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the powder supply component includes a powder box and a first electric push rod. The base has multiple sets of sliding grooves, the powder box is slidably disposed on the sliding grooves, the first electric push rod is installed on one side of the base, and the powder box is connected to the movable rod of the first electric push rod. The powder feeding assembly also includes a second electric push rod. A bracket is installed on one side of the press, and the second electric push rod is mounted on the bracket. The base is connected to the movable rod of the second electric push rod.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the base is integrally formed with a baffle, and the bottom of the powder box is provided with a limiting groove. When the powder box is in a non-powder feeding state, the baffle is locked in the limiting groove.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the transfer mechanism includes a base, a sliding guide rail, and a clamping seat. Multiple sets of third electric push rods are mounted on the bracket. The base is mounted on the movable rods of the multiple sets of third electric push rods. Fourth electric push rods are provided at both ends of the base. The sliding guide rail is mounted on the movable rods of the fourth electric push rods. The clamping seat is slidably disposed on the sliding guide rail. The clamping seat is used to clamp the ladle slide plate blank and transfer it sequentially between the first master mold, the second master mold, and the third master mold.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention, through the inclined cooperation of the elastic layer and the rigid layer, and the setting of buffer gaps and buffer strips, enables the steel ladle slide plate to adaptively slide and unload force during the thermal relaxation cycle, thereby improving the structural stability and thermal deformation resistance of the device. The device can release thermal expansion stress through the relative sliding of the inclined contact surface to avoid structural damage caused by stress concentration, so that the slide plate remains intact and reliable under repeated high temperature and cold shocks, and improves the device's ability to resist thermal relaxation damage and prevent cracking and interlayer peeling.

[0016] 2. When using this device, the combination of three-station step-by-step pressing, powder positioning and pre-compaction can ensure that the structure of each layer of the slide plate is formed uniformly, which improves the preparation quality and production stability of the device. Then, by coating the second master mold with graphite lubricant through the built-in seepage holes and oil storage cavity, the device can form a stable lubrication interface between the elastic layer and the rigid layer, which greatly reduces the sliding resistance and ensures smooth stress release, thereby improving the heat relaxation resistance of the slide plate from the source of preparation. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of the steel-clad sliding plate of the invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the steel-clad sliding plate of the invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of region a in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation device for the steel ladle slide of the invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the powder feeding component of the invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the powder feeding component of the invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the powder feeding component and the second master mold of the invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the powder feeding component and the second master mold of the invention; Figure 9 of Figure 8 Enlarged view of region b in the middle; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the transfer component of the invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the mold used in this invention.

[0018] In the diagram, the correspondence between component names and their corresponding reference numerals is as follows: 101. Slide base; 102. Working layer; 103. Elastic layer; 104. Rigid layer; 105. Buffer strip; 106. Limiting boss; 107. Support shell; 201. Press; 202. Press head; 301. First male mold; 302. Second male mold; 303. Third male mold; 304. First female mold; 305. Second female mold; 306. Third female mold; 401. Base; 402. Cover Plate; 403, Pressure plate; 404, Powder box; 405, Slide groove; 406, Baffle; 501, First driving component; 502, Second driving component; 503, First electric push rod; 504, Second electric push rod; 505, Third electric push rod; 506, Fourth electric push rod; 507, Oil storage chamber; 508, Seepage hole; 601, Support; 602, Base; 603, Sliding guide rail; 604, Clamping seat. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example: Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides a steel ladle skateboard, comprising: Skateboard base 101; Working layer 102 is symmetrically arranged at the top and bottom of the slide base layer 101; A buffer layer is provided around the sides of the slide base layer 101 and the working layer 102; The supporting shell 107 is covered by the buffer layer; The buffer layer includes an elastic layer 103 and a rigid layer 104. The elastic layer 103 is attached to the periphery of the slide base 101, and the rigid layer 104 is attached to the inner side of the support shell 107. The contact surfaces of the elastic layer 103 and the rigid layer 104 are inclined. A buffer gap is formed between the elastic layer 103 and the rigid layer 104, and a buffer strip 105 is filled in the buffer gap.

[0021] Specifically, the base layer 101 of the skateboard serves as the core load-bearing substrate of the entire ladle skateboard, which is used to withstand the static pressure and high temperature erosion of molten steel and provide stable support for each layer of the structure; the working layer 102 is in direct contact with molten steel and can resist the erosion and erosion of molten steel, avoid damage to the main structure of the skateboard, and ensure the sealing performance of the skateboard.

[0022] The buffer layer surrounds the outer side of the skateboard base layer 101 and the working layer 102. The elastic layer 103 and the rigid layer 104 inside it are fitted with inclined contact surfaces. The inclined angle is adapted to the stress release trajectory during the thermal relaxation process of the skateboard. When the skateboard undergoes thermal relaxation and generates thermal expansion stress, the elastic layer 103 can slide along the inclined contact surface of the rigid layer 104, and simultaneously squeeze the buffer strip 105 in the buffer gap. The elastic deformation of the buffer strip 105 further absorbs and releases stress, avoiding stress concentration and accumulation inside the skateboard, thereby preventing the skateboard from cracking, deforming and delamination, and ensuring the structural integrity of the skateboard.

[0023] The supporting shell 107 completely covers the outside of the buffer layer, which can provide all-round protection for the buffer layer, working layer 102 and slide plate base layer 101, enhance the overall structural strength of the slide plate, prevent the structure of each layer from shifting during thermal expansion and contraction, further improve the slide plate's resistance to thermal relaxation and structural stability, and ensure that the slide plate can reliably control the flow rate and on / off of molten steel for a long time.

[0024] When the steel ladle slide plate is in a thermally relaxed state, the slide plate base layer 101 generates thermal expansion stress, which is transmitted to the elastic layer 103, causing the elastic layer 103 to slide along the inclined contact surface between the elastic layer 103 and the rigid layer 104. When the ladle slide plate is in a cooled and rebounded state, the elastic layer 103 releases elastic deformation force and slides back along the inclined contact surface to reset. At the same time, the buffer strip 105 releases elastic deformation force to assist in the reset.

[0025] The thickness of the elastic layer 103 is the same as the thickness of the skateboard base layer 101. The top and bottom of the rigid layer 104 are integrally formed with limiting bosses 106. The buffer gap is located in the space between the two sets of limiting bosses 106 and the top and bottom of the elastic layer 103. Understandably, the elastic layer 103 and the rigid layer 104 form a relatively sliding mating structure by relying on the inclined contact surface. The limiting boss 106 constrains the sliding stroke of the elastic layer 103 from above and below to prevent the elastic layer 103 from sliding excessively and detaching from the mating area. When the slide plate expands due to heat and generates thermal relaxation, the elastic layer 103 slides slightly outward along the inclined surface to release stress, and the buffer strip 105 is compressed and stores energy. When the slide plate cools and contracts, the buffer strip 105 releases elastic force, pushing the elastic layer 103 to slide in the opposite direction along the inclined surface to reset, so that the slide plate as a whole returns to the initial mating state. This cycle realizes the adaptive release of thermal relaxation stress and structural return.

[0026] For example, during the service of a steel-clad skateboard, the skateboard base layer 101 undergoes thermal expansion along its thickness direction (vertical direction), resulting in thermal expansion stress in the horizontal and radial directions. This stress is directly transmitted to the elastic layer 103, which is in contact with the periphery of the skateboard base layer 101, causing the elastic layer 103 to be subjected to a radially outward thrust. Since the elastic layer 103 and the rigid layer 104 are inclined contact surfaces, this radial thrust is decomposed into a sliding force along the inclined contact surface outward (towards the supporting shell 107), pushing the elastic layer 103 along the rigid layer 104. The inclined contact surface of 4 slides outward slightly. During the sliding process, the top and bottom of the elastic layer 103 simultaneously squeeze the buffer strip 105 in the buffer gap, causing the buffer strip 105 to undergo compression deformation along the inclined direction, converting the thermal expansion stress into the elastic potential energy of the buffer strip 105, and realizing stress release. At this time, the limiting protrusions 106 at the top and bottom of the rigid layer 104 limit the upper and lower sliding boundaries of the elastic layer 103, preventing the elastic layer 103 from sliding outward too much and detaching from the mating surface with the rigid layer 104, resulting in interlayer failure. When the steel ladle slide cools and rebounds, the slide base 101 contracts, the radial thrust on the elastic layer 103 disappears, and the elastic layer 103 releases its own elastic deformation force, generating a restoring force along the inclined contact surface inward (towards the slide base 101). At the same time, the buffer strip 105 releases the elastic force generated by the compression deformation, assisting in pushing the elastic layer 103 to slide in the opposite direction along the inclined direction until the elastic layer 103 returns to the initial contact position. The limiting boss 106 again restricts the elastic layer 103 from sliding inward too much, ensuring the fitting accuracy between the elastic layer 103 and the rigid layer 104 and the slide base 101, realizing a complete cycle of thermal relaxation stress release and structural restoration, and avoiding cracking and deformation of the slide due to stress concentration.

[0027] The angle between the inclined contact surfaces of the elastic layer 103 and the rigid layer 104 is 15° to 30°.

[0028] Understandably, the contact surface between the elastic layer 103 and the rigid layer 104 is an inclined surface, and the angle between it and the radial direction of the slide plate is preferably 15° to 30°.

[0029] During the thermal cycling process of the steel ladle slide plate, the slide plate base layer 101 exerts a radial force on the peripheral elastic layer 103 due to thermal expansion. After this force is transmitted to the inclined contact surface, it can be naturally decomposed into a tangential component along the contact surface direction and a normal component perpendicular to the contact surface. The tangential component helps to drive the elastic layer 103 to slip slightly relative to the rigid layer 104, thereby releasing some thermal stress; the normal component maintains the adhesion between the two layers, preventing gaps from forming or structural loosening.

[0030] As is known to those skilled in the art, as the tilt angle decreases, the tangential component gradually weakens, the sliding driving force decreases, and the stress release efficiency decreases accordingly; while as the tilt angle increases, the normal component decreases, the interlayer constraint force weakens, which may lead to insufficient bonding stability at high temperatures.

[0031] Two sets of limiting bosses 106 are respectively connected to two sets of working layers 102, and graphite lubricant is coated between the rigid layer 104 and the elastic layer 103.

[0032] The base layer 101 of the skateboard is made of magnesia-carbon refractory material, the working layer 102 is made of zirconium-alumina refractory material, the elastic layer 103 is made of magnesia-alumina spinel refractory material, the rigid layer 104 is made of zirconium-alumina refractory material, the buffer strip 105 is made of graphite refractory material, and the supporting shell 107 is made of heat-resistant steel material.

[0033] As the core load-bearing structure of the entire skateboard, the skateboard base layer 101 must maintain its structural integrity under high temperatures of molten steel (1500℃–1700℃) and static pressures of molten steel (1.2MPa–1.8MPa), and possess excellent thermal shock resistance to withstand repeated thermal relaxation cycles. Therefore, the skateboard base layer 101 is made of magnesia-carbon refractory material. This type of material is known in the art to have high strength at both room and high temperatures, excellent thermal shock stability, and moderate thermal conductivity, enabling rapid heat conduction and reducing internal temperature gradients, thereby suppressing thermal stress concentration. Simultaneously, it exhibits good high-temperature volume stability, and its coefficient of linear expansion matches that of other functional layers of the skateboard, providing stable support during thermal cycling and adapting to minute deformation requirements.

[0034] The working layer 102 is in direct contact with molten steel at high temperatures and must effectively resist chemical corrosion, mechanical erosion, and high-temperature wear. Therefore, the working layer 102 is made of zirconium-alumina refractory material, which is widely used in the field of metallurgical refractory materials and has high melting point, high hardness, and excellent corrosion resistance. Its composition typically contains a high proportion of Al2O3 and ZrO2, which can form a dense and stable surface layer at high temperatures, significantly reducing the penetration and erosion rate of molten steel. At the same time, its dense and smooth surface helps to improve the sealing reliability during the opening and closing of the slide gate, meeting the requirements for precise control of molten steel flow rate.

[0035] The rigid layer 104 is attached to the inner side of the supporting shell 107, mainly providing a stable and flat sliding support surface for the elastic layer 103 and bearing the normal load generated during sliding. To ensure that the contact surface is wear-resistant and does not deform, the rigid layer 104 is also made of zirconium corundum refractory material. This material has high hardness and good high-temperature stiffness, and can maintain geometric accuracy at service temperatures, avoiding interference with the sliding trajectory of the elastic layer 103 due to its own deformation, thereby ensuring the long-term effectiveness of the buffer mechanism.

[0036] The elastic layer 103 needs to exhibit micron-level controllable slippage along the inclined contact surface of the rigid layer 104 under thermal expansion, and reliably reset itself during the cooling phase due to its own elasticity. To this end, the elastic layer 103 is made of magnesium-aluminum spinel refractory material, which has thermal expansion behavior similar to that of the sliding plate base layer 101, reducing additional stress caused by interlayer thermal mismatch. Simultaneously, it maintains good elastic deformation capacity and recovery performance at high temperatures, and has a low interlayer friction coefficient, facilitating smooth slippage under thermal stress and achieving stress release without structural damage.

[0037] A buffer strip 105 is disposed within the buffer gap between the elastic layer 103 and the rigid layer 104. It is used to generate recoverable compressive deformation when the elastic layer 103 slides, storing some of the thermal expansion energy as elastic potential energy, and releasing it during the cooling phase to assist in resetting. The buffer strip 105 is made of graphite refractory material, which has excellent high-temperature compressive resilience, a low coefficient of friction, and good chemical inertness. It does not easily soften or react with adjacent materials at high temperatures, and can stably perform buffering and lubrication functions over a long period.

[0038] The outer supporting shell 107 covers the outermost layer and is used to constrain the internal refractory layers, prevent radial displacement, and improve the overall structural strength. The supporting shell 107 is made of heat-resistant steel (such as Cr25Ni20 type). This type of alloy has sufficient strength, toughness and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. Its thermal expansion characteristics are coordinated with the internal refractory material layers, which can reduce the risk of interface cracking caused by expansion differences. At the same time, it can withstand mechanical impacts during handling, installation and service, ensuring the overall structural integrity of the slide plate.

[0039] like Figures 4 to 11 As shown, the present invention provides a ladle slide preparation apparatus, including a press 201: The press 201 is equipped with three sets of press heads 202, and the three sets of press heads 202 are respectively equipped with a first male mold 301, a second male mold 302 and a third male mold 303. The loading platform of the press 201 is equipped with a first female mold 304, a second female mold 305 and a third female mold 306. The press 201 has multiple powder feeding components on one side. The powder feeding components include a base 401 and a cover plate 402. A powder feeding component is slidably provided in the base 401. A second driving component 502 is provided in the cover plate 402. Multiple pressure plates 403 are provided on the movable rod of the second driving component 502. The molding cavity of the second master mold 305 is provided with a seepage hole 508, an oil storage cavity 507 and a first driving member 501. The oil storage cavity 507 is connected to the seepage hole 508. The oil storage cavity 507 is filled with graphite lubricant. The first driving member 501 is used to push the graphite lubricant in the oil storage cavity 507 to the seepage hole 508. A transfer mechanism for transferring steel ladle blanks to the ladle slide plate station is provided on one side of the press 201.

[0040] It should be noted that the three pressure heads 202 can be driven by independent hydraulic actuators.

[0041] The powder feeding component in the powder feeding assembly can slide horizontally on the base 401. When the powder feeding component moves to the bottom of the corresponding mold inlet, it can quantitatively feed the premixed powder into the molding cavity. Subsequently, the second driving component 502 drives the pressure plate 403 to move downward, which initially levels the powder surface, reduces uneven filling, and provides a uniform material layer for subsequent high-pressure molding.

[0042] During the buffer layer forming process, the first driving component 501 of the second mold 305 (e.g., a small plunger pump or pneumatic push rod) is activated to expel the graphite lubricant in the oil reservoir 507 through the perforation 508, forming a local lubricating coating on the inner wall of the forming cavity. The position of this coating corresponds to the inclined contact surface of the subsequent elastic layer 103 and rigid layer 104, so that after pressing, the interface between the two layers is pre-positioned with a lubricating medium, which helps to reduce the interlayer frictional resistance during the service of the slide plate and supports controllable slippage caused by thermal expansion.

[0043] The transfer mechanism can remove the blank from the current master mold and accurately transfer it to the master mold of the next station after one layer of pressing is completed, so as to realize the layer-by-layer stacking of the base layer, buffer layer and supporting shell 107; this transfer process avoids the blank damage or interlayer misalignment that may be caused by manual handling.

[0044] In summary, this preparation device, through mold-layer pressing, directional powder supply, interface lubrication pre-setting, and automatic transfer, can adapt to the structural characteristics of the aforementioned multi-layer composite steel ladle slide plate, and realize the orderly forming and integration of each functional layer.

[0045] The first male mold 301 and the first female mold 304 cooperate to form the forming cavity of the slide plate base layer 101 and the working layer 102. The powder feeding component on the insert of the first male mold 301 is used to quantitatively fill the forming cavity with magnesium carbon refractory powder and zirconium corundum refractory powder. The second male mold 302 and the second female mold 305 cooperate to form an elastic layer 103 and a buffer strip 105 forming cavity. The powder feeding component on the insert of the second male mold 302 is used to quantitatively fill the forming cavity with magnesium aluminum spinel refractory powder and graphite refractory powder. The third male mold 303 and the third female mold 306 cooperate to form a rigid layer 104 and a supporting shell 107 forming cavity. The powder feeding component on the insert of the third male mold 303 is used to quantitatively fill the forming cavity with zirconium corundum refractory material powder and heat-resistant steel powder.

[0046] Specifically, in one feasible embodiment, the preparation of the steel ladle slide is carried out according to the following process: Core forming: In the first master mold 304, magnesium carbon powder (for the slide plate base layer 101) and zirconium corundum powder (for the upper and lower working layers 102) are filled sequentially or in sections by the powder feeding component. After pre-pressing and main pressing, an integral core blank (denoted as A) is formed.

[0047] Buffer assembly molding: In the second master mold 305, magnesium aluminum spinel powder is first filled to form an elastic layer 103, and graphite powder is filled around the elastic layer 103 to form a buffer strip 105. Before pressing, the first drive unit 501 is activated to apply graphite lubricant from the oil storage cavity 507 to the inner wall of the molding cavity corresponding to the outer peripheral surface of the elastic layer 103 through the perforation 508. After pressing, an annular buffer assembly blank (denoted as B) is obtained. The lubricant coating is located on the outer surface of the buffer assembly and is used to provide lubrication when it comes into contact with the rigid layer 104.

[0048] The core A is placed at the bottom of the third master mold 306, and then the buffer component B is placed around the core A. Subsequently, zirconium corundum powder is filled on the outside of B to form a rigid layer 104, and heat-resistant steel powder is filled on the outermost side to form a supporting shell 107. After pre-pressing and main pressing, a complete multi-layer composite blank is obtained.

[0049] The powder supply component includes a powder box 404 and a first electric push rod 503. Multiple sets of sliding grooves 405 are provided on the base 401. The powder box 404 is slidably disposed on the sliding grooves 405. The first electric push rod 503 is installed on one side of the base 401. The powder box 404 is connected to the movable rod of the first electric push rod 503. The powder feeding assembly also includes a second electric push rod 504. A bracket 601 is installed on one side of the press 201, and the second electric push rod 504 is installed on the bracket 601. The base 401 is connected to the movable rod of the second electric push rod 504.

[0050] The base 401 has an integrally formed baffle 406, and the bottom of the powder box 404 has a limiting groove. When the powder box 404 is in the non-powder feeding state, the baffle 406 is locked in the limiting groove.

[0051] Understandably, the first electric push rod 503 and the second electric push rod 504 both move in coordination along the same horizontal direction (perpendicular to the pressing direction of the press 201) to achieve positioning and exposure control during the powder conveying process. The second electric push rod 504 is mounted on the side bracket 601 of the press 201. Its movable rod is connected to the base 401 and is used to drive the entire powder feeding assembly (including the base 401, powder box 404, and cover plate 402) to move horizontally with a large stroke. During the non-powder feeding stage, the powder feeding assembly is located in a standby position away from the master mold. Before powder feeding, the second electric push rod 504 pushes it to the area near the master mold inlet to avoid the pressing stroke of the press 201.

[0052] The first electric push rod 503 is installed on one side of the base 401, and its movable rod is connected to the powder box 404, driving the powder box 404 to make small-stroke horizontal fine adjustments along the sliding groove 405 of the base 401. When the base 401 is in position, the first electric push rod 503 pushes the powder box 404 horizontally out of the base 401, so that the discharge port of the powder box 404 is aligned with the forming cavity of the master mold, reducing the deviation caused by dust and airflow disturbance during the powder falling process; after the powder supply is completed, the powder box 404 is pulled back into the base 401.

[0053] When the powder box 404 is fully retracted to its initial position, the baffle 406 integrally formed on the base 401 is embedded in the limiting groove at the bottom of the powder box 404: on the one hand, it forms a mechanical stop to prevent displacement caused by vibration; on the other hand, the front end structure of the baffle 406 can partially cover the discharge port area of ​​the powder box 404, and together with the upper cover plate 402 covering the upper part of the powder box 404, it forms a relatively closed storage cavity in the non-working state, reducing the contact between the powder and the environment and delaying the risk of moisture absorption and impurity intrusion.

[0054] like Figure 10As shown, the transfer mechanism includes a base 602, a sliding guide rail 603, and a clamping seat 604. Multiple sets of third electric push rods 505 are installed on the bracket 601. The base 602 is installed on the movable rods of the multiple sets of third electric push rods 505. Fourth electric push rods 506 are provided at both ends of the base 602. The sliding guide rail 603 is installed on the movable rods of the fourth electric push rods 506. The clamping seat 604 is slidably disposed on the sliding guide rail 603. The clamping seat 604 is used to clamp the ladle slide plate blank and transfer it sequentially between the first female mold 304, the second female mold 305, and the third female mold 306.

[0055] Specifically, multiple sets of third electric push rods 505 are installed on the bracket 601, and their movable rods are all connected to the bottom of the base 602. The multiple sets of third electric push rods 505 are driven by the same control unit to achieve synchronous extension and retraction, thereby driving the base 602 to extend and retract in the horizontal direction.

[0056] The base 602 is symmetrically equipped with fourth electric push rods 506 at both ends, and their movable rods are respectively connected to both ends of the sliding guide rail 603. When the fourth electric push rods 506 move synchronously, they can drive the sliding guide rail 603 to extend and retract as a whole in the vertical direction, so that the clamping seat 604 can move directly above the first female mold 304, the second female mold 305, or the third female mold 306. This horizontal stroke can be preset according to the actual arrangement spacing of each female mold on the loading platform to adapt to the position requirements of different workstations.

[0057] The clamping seat 604 is slidably mounted on the sliding guide rail 603. The clamping seat 604 is provided with a clamping structure that matches the outline of the billet, such as a pair of mechanical jaws with high-temperature resistant buffer pads (such as silicone or ceramic fiber), which can disperse contact stress while clamping the billet and prevent the brittle refractory billet from cracking or falling off due to vibration or impact during transportation.

[0058] In actual operation, the transfer process is as follows: After the first mold 304 completes the pressing of the blank a, the control system activates the transfer mechanism—the fourth electric push rod 506 first drives the sliding guide rail 603 to extend and retract, causing the clamping seat 604 to move above the first mold 304; then the third electric push rod 505 drives the base 602 to descend, and the clamping seat 604 clamps the blank a; next, the base 602 rises to avoid this, and the sliding guide rail 603 extends and retracts again to above the second mold 305, and the base 602 descends to place the blank a into the forming cavity of the second mold 305. Similarly, after the second mold 305 completes the pressing of the buffer assembly to form the blank b, the transfer mechanism transfers it to the third mold 306 for final covering pressing.

[0059] Specifically, the first mold 304, the second mold 305, and the third mold 306 each have multiple independent molding cavities arranged sequentially along the horizontal direction on their loading surfaces. Each molding cavity is structurally isolated, and only one molding cavity is pressed at a time. The molding of each layer adopts the sequence of "first placing the pre-pressed blank, then filling the powder, and finally pressing the whole structure", ensuring tight bonding between layers and that the lower layer structure is not damaged.

[0060] The first master mold 304 has a lower working layer forming cavity, a slide plate base forming cavity, and an upper working layer forming cavity arranged horizontally.

[0061] First, zirconium corundum refractory powder is filled into the lower working layer forming cavity, and then pre-pressed and main pressed to form a lower working layer blank with a certain green strength. Subsequently, the transfer mechanism clamps and moves the blank into the forming cavity of the slide plate base layer, and places it in the positioning area at the bottom of the cavity; Next, magnesium-carbon refractory powder is quantitatively filled into the molding cavity above the lower working layer blank through the corresponding powder feeding component; Finally, the mold moves downwards and applies moderate pressure to the entire "lower working layer blank + upper powder" to press it, so that the newly formed slide plate base layer combines with the lower working layer blank to form a double-layer blank. Similarly, the double-layer blank is transferred to the upper working layer forming cavity, placed into the cavity first, and then filled with zirconium corundum powder on top of it. The whole is pressed to finally obtain a composite blank (denoted as A) consisting of "lower working layer blank - slide plate base blank - upper working layer blank".

[0062] The second master mold 305 has a lower buffer strip forming cavity, an elastic layer forming cavity, and an upper buffer strip forming cavity arranged horizontally.

[0063] First, press the lower buffer strip 105 blank in the lower buffer strip forming cavity; then move it into the bottom of the elastic layer forming cavity; Then, magnesium aluminum spinel powder is filled into the elastic layer forming cavity above the lower buffer strip 105, and graphite lubricant is applied to the corresponding area of ​​the cavity wall through the perforation hole 508 before pressing. After overall compression, an elastic layer 103 and a lower buffer strip 105 are formed. The assembly is then moved into the molding cavity of the upper buffer strip 105, and graphite powder is filled on top of it. The whole assembly is then pressed to form the upper buffer strip 105. Finally, the composite blank A obtained from the first master mold 304 is transferred to the upper buffer strip 105. No additional powder is added, and only light pressure is applied to make it fit together to form the integral blank B.

[0064] The third master mold 306 is provided with a rigid layer forming cavity and a supporting outer shell forming cavity.

[0065] After placing the blank B into the bottom of the rigid layer forming cavity, zirconium corundum powder is filled around and above it, and the whole is pressed to form rigid layer 104. The assembly is then moved into the supporting shell forming cavity, and heat-resistant steel powder is filled around and on top. The entire assembly is then pressed to form the supporting shell 107, thus completing the forming of the overall blank of the steel ladle slide plate.

[0066] To improve the reliability of stacking alignment, each mold cavity opening can be equipped with a guide structure (such as a positioning pin or a tapered stop), and the clamping seat 604 or the bottom of the blank can be equipped with a corresponding mating groove or hole, so that the blank can be automatically aligned by mechanical guidance during the lowering process, reducing the risk of misalignment caused by manual intervention.

[0067] The aforementioned transfer mechanism's operation is coordinated by a conventional programmable logic controller (PLC) to ensure the sequential stroke of each electric push rod. It can also be combined with photoelectric switches or proximity sensors to determine the station's position, representing a common control method in automated refractory material pressing and molding equipment. All components are structurally familiar to those skilled in the art and can be implemented based on equipment layout and billet dimensions without creative effort.

Claims

1. A steel-clad skateboard, characterized in that, include: Skateboard base (101); The working layer (102) is symmetrically arranged at the top and bottom of the slide base layer (101); A buffer layer is provided around the periphery of the slide base layer (101) and the working layer (102); A supporting shell (107) covers the buffer layer; The buffer layer includes an elastic layer (103) and a rigid layer (104). The elastic layer (103) is attached to the periphery of the slide base (101), and the rigid layer (104) is attached to the inner side of the support shell (107). The contact surfaces of the elastic layer (103) and the rigid layer (104) are inclined. A buffer gap is formed between the elastic layer (103) and the rigid layer (104), and a buffer strip (105) is filled in the buffer gap.

2. The steel ladle skateboard according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the steel ladle slide plate is in a thermally relaxed state, the slide plate base layer (101) generates thermal expansion stress, which is transmitted to the elastic layer (103), causing the elastic layer (103) to slide along the inclined contact surface between the elastic layer (103) and the rigid layer (104). When the ladle slide plate is in a cooling and rebound state, the elastic layer (103) releases elastic deformation force and slides back along the inclined contact surface to reset. At the same time, the buffer strip (105) releases elastic deformation force to assist in the reset.

3. A steel-clad sliding plate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the elastic layer (103) is the same as the thickness of the skateboard base layer (101). The top and bottom of the rigid layer (104) are integrally formed with limiting bosses (106). The buffer gap is located in the space between the two sets of limiting bosses (106) and the top and bottom of the elastic layer (103). The angle between the inclined contact surfaces of the elastic layer (103) and the rigid layer (104) is 15° to 30°.

4. A steel-clad sliding plate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The two sets of limiting bosses (106) are respectively connected to the two sets of working layers (102), and graphite lubricant is coated between the rigid layer (104) and the elastic layer (103).

5. A steel-clad sliding plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base layer (101) of the sliding plate is made of magnesium carbon refractory material, the working layer (102) is made of zirconium corundum refractory material, the elastic layer (103) is made of magnesium aluminum spinel refractory material, the rigid layer (104) is made of zirconium corundum refractory material, the buffer strip (105) is made of graphite refractory material, and the supporting shell (107) is made of heat-resistant steel material.

6. A ladle slide preparation apparatus, characterized in that, Including the press (201): The press (201) is provided with three sets of press heads (202), and the three sets of press heads (202) are respectively provided with a first male mold (301), a second male mold (302) and a third male mold (303). The loading platform of the press (201) is provided with a first female mold (304), a second female mold (305) and a third female mold (306). The press (201) is provided with multiple powder feeding components on one side. The powder feeding components include a base (401) and a cover plate (402). A powder feeding component is slidably provided in the base (401). A second driving component (502) is provided in the cover plate (402). Multiple pressure plates (403) are provided on the movable rod of the second driving component (502). The second master mold (305) has a seepage hole (508), an oil storage cavity (507) and a first driving member (501) on its molding cavity. The oil storage cavity (507) is connected to the seepage hole (508). The oil storage cavity (507) is filled with graphite lubricant. The first driving member (501) is used to push the graphite lubricant in the oil storage cavity (507) to the seepage hole (508). The press (201) is provided with a transfer mechanism on one side for transferring the ladle slide blank at the station.

7. The ladle slide preparation apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first male mold (301) and the first female mold (304) cooperate to form a sliding plate base layer (101) and a working layer (102) forming cavity. The powder feeding component on the insert of the first male mold (301) is used to quantitatively fill the forming cavity with magnesium carbon refractory powder and zirconium corundum refractory powder. The second male mold (302) and the second female mold (305) cooperate to form an elastic layer (103) and a buffer strip (105) forming cavity. The powder feeding component on the insert of the second male mold (302) is used to quantitatively fill the forming cavity with magnesium aluminum spinel refractory powder and graphite refractory powder. The third male mold (303) and the third female mold (306) cooperate to form a rigid layer (104) and a supporting shell (107) forming cavity. The powder feeding component on the insert of the third male mold (303) is used to quantitatively fill the forming cavity with zirconium corundum refractory powder and heat-resistant steel powder.

8. The ladle slide preparation apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that: The powder supply component includes a powder box (404) and a first electric push rod (503). The base (401) has multiple sets of sliding grooves (405). The powder box (404) is slidably disposed on the sliding grooves (405). The first electric push rod (503) is installed on one side of the base (401). The powder box (404) is connected to the movable rod of the first electric push rod (503). The powder feeding assembly also includes a second electric push rod (504). A bracket (601) is installed on one side of the press (201). The second electric push rod (504) is installed on the bracket (601). The base (401) is connected to the movable rod of the second electric push rod (504).

9. The ladle slide preparation apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that: A baffle (406) is integrally formed on the base (401), and a limiting groove is opened at the bottom of the powder box (404). When the powder box (404) is in a non-powder feeding state, the baffle (406) is stuck in the limiting groove.

10. The ladle slide preparation apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that: The transfer mechanism includes a base (602), a sliding guide rail (603), and a clamping seat (604). Multiple sets of third electric push rods (505) are installed on the bracket (601). The base (602) is installed on the movable rods of the multiple sets of third electric push rods (505). Fourth electric push rods (506) are provided at both ends of the base (602). The sliding guide rail (603) is installed on the movable rods of the fourth electric push rods (506). The clamping seat (604) is slidably disposed on the sliding guide rail (603). The clamping seat (604) is used to clamp the ladle slide plate blank and transfer it sequentially between the first master mold (304), the second master mold (305), and the third master mold (306).

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