Liquid crystal display panel and manufacturing process thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a liquid crystal display screen and its manufacturing process, relating to the field of liquid crystal display screen technology. The screen includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a black matrix, pixel electrodes, an ambient light sensor, and a timing controller. The first and second substrates are arranged opposite each other, with the liquid crystal layer located between them. A black matrix is ​​disposed on the side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, and the surface of the black matrix has a nanoscale biomimetic moth-eye structure. This invention effectively solves the problem of contrast degradation in existing liquid crystal displays under strong light by synergistically combining hardware structure and control methods, thus improving display performance across all scenarios. The low-reflection design of the black matrix and pixel electrodes significantly reduces ambient light reflection, laying a hardware foundation for contrast improvement. The combination of ambient light sensing and dynamic control algorithms allows for flexible adjustment of driving parameters based on ambient light intensity, suppressing dark-state light leakage under strong light and ensuring low brightness in dark states.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of liquid crystal display technology, and in particular to a liquid crystal display and its manufacturing process. Background Technology

[0002] LCD screens are widely used in various display scenarios due to their advantages such as low power consumption, controllable cost, and stable display effect. However, existing LCD screens still have obvious defects in actual use, especially in outdoor strong light environments, where the display contrast drops sharply, affecting the viewing effect.

[0003] While existing technologies have attempted to reduce ambient light reflection using moth-eye structures or black electrodes, these techniques are mostly applied in isolation and are not deeply coupled with display driving logic. Even if reflectivity is reduced at the hardware level, under strong light, the human eye's pupils constrict, increasing the demand for absolute brightness. Simply increasing the backlight will exacerbate light leakage in dark states, preventing the liquid crystal from completely shutting off, resulting in a significant reduction in actual contrast and failing to meet display requirements across all scenarios.

[0004] Meanwhile, the driving method of existing LCD screens is relatively fixed, and it is impossible to dynamically adjust the working parameters according to the ambient light intensity. It is difficult to balance the blackness in dark states and the readability in strong light, which limits its display performance in strong light scenarios such as outdoors and fails to achieve the ideal display effect. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a liquid crystal display screen and its manufacturing process. The technical solution is as follows: A liquid crystal display screen includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a black matrix, pixel electrodes, an ambient light sensor, and a timing controller; The first substrate and the second substrate are disposed opposite to each other, and the liquid crystal layer is located between the first substrate and the second substrate; A black matrix is ​​provided on the side of the first substrate facing the second substrate. The surface of the black matrix has a nanoscale biomimetic moth eye structure to reduce ambient light reflection. A pixel electrode is disposed on the side of the second substrate facing the first substrate. The pixel electrode has a metal stacked structure, and the top layer is a black conductive ceramic material, which is used to reduce the reflectivity of the pixel electrode. The ambient light sensor is used to collect ambient light intensity; The timing controller is electrically connected to the ambient light sensor. The timing controller integrates a contrast enhancement algorithm unit. The contrast enhancement algorithm unit dynamically adjusts the common electrode voltage of the liquid crystal layer and the driving voltage of the pixel electrode according to the ambient light intensity to suppress dark-state light leakage in strong light environments.

[0006] Optionally, the black matrix comprises sequentially stacked metal layers and metal oxide layers, wherein the metal layer is chromium and the metal oxide layer is chromium oxide; the sequential stacking of the metal layer and the metal oxide layer forms a Cr / CrO layer. x Layered; the nanoscale biomimetic moth eye structure is disposed on the surface of the metal oxide layer, and the nanoscale biomimetic moth eye structure is composed of a conical array with a period of 200nm-300nm and a height of 150nm-200nm.

[0007] Optionally, the metal stack structure of the pixel electrode includes, from bottom to top, a molybdenum layer at the bottom, an aluminum-neodymium alloy layer in the middle, and a black conductive ceramic layer of molybdenum-niobium oxide at the top; the top molybdenum-niobium oxide layer has a reflectivity of less than 8% in the visible light band.

[0008] Optionally, the liquid crystal layer contains a negative liquid crystal material; when the received ambient light intensity is higher than a preset threshold, the timing controller controls the adjustable power management IC to apply a compensation voltage to the common electrode. This compensation voltage causes the effective voltage of the liquid crystal layer in the dark state to deviate from the pixel voltage of the pixel electrode, so as to offset the residual phase delay caused by the elastic recovery of liquid crystal molecules under strong light irradiation.

[0009] Optionally, when the received ambient light intensity is higher than a preset threshold, the timing controller controls the adjustable power management IC to apply a compensation voltage to the common electrode. The compensation voltage causes the effective voltage of the liquid crystal layer in the dark state to deviate from the pixel voltage of the pixel electrode, so as to offset the residual phase delay caused by the elastic recovery of liquid crystal molecules under strong light irradiation.

[0010] Optionally, when displaying a dark image and the ambient light intensity is higher than a preset threshold, the timing controller applies a negative overdrive voltage to the pixel electrode. The absolute value of the negative overdrive voltage is greater than the absolute value of the driving voltage of the pixel electrode in the standard dark state, in order to force the liquid crystal molecules to rotate completely to the extreme orientation. The preset threshold is 5000 Lux; after the compensation voltage is applied, the brightness of the liquid crystal layer in the dark state is suppressed to below 0.1 nit.

[0011] Optionally, the timing controller's memory pre-stores an ambient light intensity and common voltage compensation lookup table. The lookup table is generated through a module calibration process and is used to output the corresponding optimal common voltage value under different ambient light intensities to minimize the brightness in the dark state. The calibration range of the ambient light intensity includes 0 Lux, 100 Lux, 500 Lux, 5000 Lux, and 10000 Lux.

[0012] A manufacturing process for a liquid crystal display screen includes the following steps: Step 1, preparing a first substrate, including forming a black matrix with a nano moth-eye structure on the first substrate; Step 2, fabricating a second substrate, including forming a black conductive ceramic layer on the second substrate as the top pixel electrode; Step 3: Form an alignment layer on the first substrate and the second substrate; Step 4: Align the first substrate and the second substrate, and inject liquid crystal between them to form a liquid crystal layer; Step 5: Attach the polarizer and assemble the backlight module, and install the ambient light sensor and timing controller; Step 6: Perform module optical parameter calibration, establish an ambient light intensity common voltage compensation lookup table, and burn the lookup table and contrast enhancement algorithm into the timing controller.

[0013] Optionally, the method for forming the black matrix with nano-moth eye structures in step 1 is: Chromium or chromium oxide stacks were deposited using magnetron sputtering; a mask with a moth-eye structure was formed on the chromium oxide surface using nanoimprint lithography; and the moth-eye structure was transferred to Cr / CrO by inductively coupled plasma dry etching. x Layers are stacked to form a nanocone array; the nanocone array is patterned using photolithography and etching processes to define pixel regions; The method for forming the black conductive ceramic layer as the top pixel electrode in step 2 is as follows: DC magnetron sputtering is used with molybdenum-niobium alloy as the target material. Reactive sputtering is performed in a mixed atmosphere of argon and oxygen, with oxygen flow rate accounting for 15%-25%. A black conductive ceramic layer of molybdenum-niobium oxide is deposited on the aluminum-neodymium alloy layer. The metal stack structure of the pixel electrode is patterned by photolithography and dry etching processes to form the pixel electrode pattern.

[0014] Optionally, step 5 includes the following specific solutions: The assembled display screen was placed in a darkroom, and a high-precision color analyzer was used to measure the dark state brightness under different ambient light simulation conditions. The voltage value corresponding to the lowest dark state brightness was obtained by adjusting the common voltage, and a common voltage compensation lookup table indexed by ambient light intensity was established. The lookup table was burned into the non-volatile memory of the timing controller, and the contrast enhancement algorithm was solidified. Outdoor strong light irradiation was simulated to verify whether the brightness value of the black screen was lower than 0.2 nits after the negative overdrive function was activated.

[0015] In summary, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: This invention provides a liquid crystal display screen and its manufacturing process. Through the coordinated use of hardware structure and control methods, it effectively solves the problem of contrast collapse of existing liquid crystal displays under strong light and improves the display performance in all scenarios.

[0016] The low-reflection design of the black matrix and pixel electrodes significantly reduces ambient light reflection, laying a hardware foundation for improved contrast. The combination of ambient light sensing and dynamic control algorithms can flexibly adjust the driving parameters according to the ambient light intensity, suppressing light leakage in dark states under strong light and ensuring that the brightness in dark states is kept at a low level.

[0017] The overall system achieves a unified static and dynamic contrast ratio under all ambient light conditions, improving image readability under strong light. At the same time, the manufacturing process is optimized to ensure that the technical solution can be stably implemented and adapted to the usage needs of various display scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a liquid crystal display screen according to the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure of region A; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the electrical component connection principle of a liquid crystal display screen according to the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. First substrate; 2. Second substrate; 3. Liquid crystal layer; 4. Black matrix; 41. Metal layer; 42. Metal oxide layer; 5. Pixel electrode; 51. Molybdenum layer; 52. Aluminum-neodymium alloy layer; 53. Black conductive ceramic layer; 6. Ambient light sensor; 7. Timing controller; 71. Contrast enhancement algorithm unit; 8. Bionic moth eye structure. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] This invention discloses a liquid crystal display screen and its manufacturing process.

[0022] Reference Figures 1-3 Example 1: A liquid crystal display screen includes a first substrate 1, a second substrate 2, a liquid crystal layer 3, a black matrix 4, a pixel electrode 5, an ambient light sensor 6, and a timing controller 7. The first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are disposed opposite to each other, and the liquid crystal layer is located between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2; A black matrix 4 is provided on the side of the first substrate 1 facing the second substrate 2. The surface of the black matrix 4 has a nanoscale biomimetic moth eye structure 8 to reduce ambient light reflection. A pixel electrode 5 is disposed on the side of the second substrate 2 facing the first substrate 1. The pixel electrode 5 is a metal stacked structure, and the top layer is a black conductive ceramic material, which is used to reduce the reflectivity of the pixel electrode 5. The ambient light sensor 6 is used to collect ambient light intensity; The timing controller 7 is electrically connected to the ambient light sensor 6. The timing controller 7 integrates a contrast enhancement algorithm unit 71. The contrast enhancement algorithm unit 71 dynamically adjusts the common electrode voltage of the liquid crystal layer 3 and the driving voltage of the pixel electrode 5 according to the ambient light intensity to suppress dark-state light leakage in strong light environments.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the liquid crystal layer 3 is sandwiched between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, forming the core structure of the liquid crystal display. A black matrix 4 is disposed on the side of the first substrate 1 facing the second substrate 2. The nanoscale biomimetic moth-eye structure 8 on its surface can disrupt the specular reflection path of ambient light, reducing the amount of ambient light reflection. A pixel electrode 5 is disposed on the side of the second substrate 2 facing the first substrate 1. The top layer of its metal stacked structure, made of black conductive ceramic material, can reduce the reflectivity of the pixel electrode 5 itself, reducing stray light interference from a hardware perspective. An ambient light sensor 6 collects ambient light intensity data in real time and transmits it to a timing controller 7. The timing controller 7 is electrically connected to the ambient light sensor 6. Its integrated contrast enhancement algorithm unit 71 analyzes and processes the light data, dynamically adjusting the common electrode voltage of the liquid crystal layer 3 and the driving voltage of the pixel electrode 5, thereby suppressing dark-state light leakage in strong light environments and ensuring display contrast.

[0024] Example 2: The black matrix 4 comprises a metal layer 41 and a metal oxide layer 42 stacked sequentially. The metal layer 41 is chromium, and the metal oxide layer 42 is chromium oxide. The metal layer 41 and the metal oxide layer 42 are stacked sequentially to form a Cr / CrO2 ... x Layered; the nanoscale biomimetic moth eye structure 8 is disposed on the surface of the metal oxide layer 42, and the nanoscale biomimetic moth eye structure 8 is composed of a conical array with a period of 200nm-300nm and a height of 150nm-200nm.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, metal layer 41 and metal oxide layer 42 are sequentially stacked to form Cr / CrO. x The composite structure consists of a chromium metal layer 41, which enhances the adhesion between the black matrix 4 and the first substrate 1 and improves light-shielding performance; and a chromium oxide metal oxide layer 42, which further reduces surface reflectivity. A nanoscale biomimetic moth-eye structure 8 is disposed on the surface of the chromium oxide layer 42. Its conical array, with a period of 200nm-300nm and a height of 150nm-200nm, effectively scatters ambient light of different wavelengths, further optimizing the low-reflection effect, and is compatible with Cr / CrO₂. x The synergistic effect of the layers enhances the overall performance of the black matrix 4 in terms of light blocking and low reflection.

[0026] In Example 3, the metal stacked structure of the pixel electrode 5 includes, from bottom to top, a bottom molybdenum layer 51, a middle aluminum-neodymium alloy layer 52, and a top molybdenum-niobium oxide black conductive ceramic layer 53; the top molybdenum-niobium oxide layer has a reflectivity of less than 8% in the visible light band.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, a molybdenum layer 51 is sequentially arranged from bottom to top, followed by an aluminum-neodymium alloy layer 52 in the middle, and a molybdenum-niobium oxide black conductive ceramic layer 53. The molybdenum layer 51 can improve the bonding force between the pixel electrode 5 and the second substrate 2, the aluminum-neodymium alloy layer 52 can reduce the electrode resistance and ensure the efficiency of drive signal transmission, and the top molybdenum-niobium oxide black conductive ceramic layer 53 can control the reflectivity of the visible light band to below 8%, reducing the reflection interference of the pixel electrode 5. Together with the black matrix 4, it achieves low reflection across the entire screen, providing hardware support for contrast enhancement.

[0028] Example 4: The liquid crystal layer contains a negative liquid crystal material; the timing controller is configured to: when the received ambient light intensity is higher than a preset threshold, control the adjustable power management IC to apply a compensation voltage to the common electrode. The compensation voltage causes the effective voltage of the liquid crystal layer in the dark state to deviate from the pixel voltage of the pixel electrode, so as to offset the residual phase delay caused by the elastic recovery of liquid crystal molecules under strong light irradiation.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the liquid crystal layer uses a negative liquid crystal material, which has the characteristics of sensitive electric field response and good orientation stability. The timing controller receives the light intensity data collected by the ambient light sensor 6 in real time. When the light intensity is higher than the preset threshold, the timing controller controls the adjustable power management IC to apply a compensation voltage to the common electrode. This compensation voltage can make the effective voltage of the liquid crystal layer in the dark state deviate from the pixel voltage of the pixel electrode, thereby offsetting the residual phase delay caused by the elastic recovery of liquid crystal molecules under strong light irradiation, reducing light leakage in the dark state, and improving the blackness in the dark state.

[0030] In Example 5, when the received ambient light intensity is higher than a preset threshold, the timing controller 7 controls the adjustable power management IC to apply a compensation voltage to the common electrode. The compensation voltage causes the effective voltage of the liquid crystal layer 3 in the dark state to deviate from the pixel voltage of the pixel electrode 5, so as to offset the residual phase delay caused by the elastic recovery of liquid crystal molecules under strong light irradiation.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, the ambient light sensor 6 transmits the collected ambient light intensity data to the timing controller 7. When the timing controller 7 detects that the light intensity is higher than a preset threshold, it immediately controls the adjustable power management IC to apply a compensation voltage to the common electrode. This compensation voltage acts on the liquid crystal layer 3, causing a deviation between the effective voltage of the liquid crystal layer 3 in the dark state and the pixel voltage of the pixel electrode 5. This offsets the residual phase delay caused by the elastic recovery of liquid crystal molecules under strong light irradiation, effectively suppressing light leakage in the dark state and ensuring the display effect in the dark state.

[0032] In Example 6, when displaying a dark image and the ambient light intensity is higher than a preset threshold, the timing controller 7 applies a negative overdrive voltage to the pixel electrode 5. The absolute value of the negative overdrive voltage is greater than the absolute value of the drive voltage of the pixel electrode 5 in the standard dark state, which is used to force the liquid crystal molecules to rotate completely to the extreme orientation. The preset threshold is 5000 Lux; after the compensation voltage is applied, the brightness of the liquid crystal layer in the dark state is suppressed to below 0.1 nit.

[0033] By adopting the above technical solution, the preset threshold is set to 5000 Lux. When the timing controller 7 detects that the ambient light intensity is higher than this threshold and a dark image is displayed, a negative overdrive voltage is applied to the pixel electrode 5. The absolute value of this negative overdrive voltage is greater than the absolute value of the driving voltage of the pixel electrode 5 in the standard dark state, which can force the liquid crystal molecules to rotate completely to the extreme orientation, completely eliminating the weak light leakage caused by the elastic recovery of the liquid crystal molecules. At the same time, after the compensation voltage is applied, the brightness of the liquid crystal layer in the dark state can be suppressed to below 0.1 nit, further improving the blackness in the dark state and ensuring the display contrast in strong light environments.

[0034] In Example 7, the timing controller 7 has a pre-stored lookup table for ambient light intensity and common voltage compensation in its memory. The lookup table is generated through a module calibration process and is used to output the corresponding optimal common voltage value under different ambient light intensities to minimize the brightness in the dark state. The calibration range of the ambient light intensity includes 0 Lux, 100 Lux, 500 Lux, 5000 Lux, and 10000 Lux.

[0035] By adopting the above technical solution, the timing controller 7 pre-stores an ambient light intensity and common voltage compensation lookup table in its memory. This lookup table is generated through the module calibration process and covers key ambient light intensity calibration ranges such as 0 Lux, 100 Lux, 500 Lux, 5000 Lux, and 10000 Lux. Based on the real-time illumination intensity collected by the ambient light sensor 6, the timing controller 7 can retrieve the corresponding optimal common voltage value from the lookup table and precisely adjust the common electrode voltage of the liquid crystal layer 3, ensuring that the dark-state brightness is always kept at the lowest level, thus achieving the optimal dark-state display effect under different ambient light intensities.

[0036] Example 8: A manufacturing process for a liquid crystal display screen, comprising the following steps: Step 1, preparing a first substrate 1, including forming a black matrix 4 with a nano moth-eye structure on the first substrate 1; Step 2, fabricating a second substrate 2, including forming a black conductive ceramic layer 53 on the second substrate 2 as the top pixel electrode 5; Step 3: An alignment layer is formed on the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2; Step 4: The first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are assembled and liquid crystal is injected between them to form a liquid crystal layer 3; Step 5: Attach the polarizer and assemble the backlight module, and install the ambient light sensor 6 and timing controller 7; Step 6: Perform module optical parameter calibration, establish an ambient light intensity common voltage compensation lookup table, and burn the lookup table and contrast enhancement algorithm into the timing controller 7.

[0037] By adopting the above technical solution, step 1 prepares a first substrate 1 with a black matrix 4, and step 2 prepares a second substrate 2 with pixel electrodes 5, laying the foundation for the hardware structure of the display screen; step 3 forms an alignment layer, which can guide the orderly arrangement of liquid crystal molecules and ensure the display effect; step 4 assembles the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 and fills them with liquid crystal to form a liquid crystal layer 3, completing the assembly of the core structure of the display screen; step 5 attaches the polarizer, assembles the backlight module, and installs the ambient light sensor 6 and timing controller 7 to improve the display and control functions of the display screen; step 6 establishes a lookup table through module optical parameter calibration, and burns the lookup table and contrast enhancement algorithm into the timing controller 7, so that the display screen has a dynamic contrast enhancement function, ensuring that the prepared display screen meets the design requirements.

[0038] Example 9, the method for forming the black matrix 4 with nano-moth eye structure in step 1 is as follows: Chromium or chromium oxide stacks were deposited using magnetron sputtering; a mask with a moth-eye structure was formed on the chromium oxide surface using nanoimprint lithography; and the moth-eye structure was transferred to Cr / CrO by inductively coupled plasma dry etching. x Layers are stacked to form a nanocone array; the nanocone array is patterned using photolithography and etching processes to define pixel regions; The method for forming the black conductive ceramic layer 53 as the top pixel electrode 5 in step 2 is as follows: DC magnetron sputtering is used with molybdenum-niobium alloy as the target material. Reactive sputtering is performed in a mixed atmosphere of argon and oxygen, with oxygen flow rate accounting for 15%-25%. A black conductive ceramic layer 53 of molybdenum-niobium oxide is deposited on the aluminum-neodymium alloy layer. The metal stack structure of the pixel electrode 5 is patterned by photolithography and dry etching processes to form the pixel electrode 5 pattern.

[0039] By adopting the above technical solution, in step 1, a chromium or chromium oxide stack is deposited using magnetron sputtering to form the main structure of the black matrix 4. A moth-eye structure mask is then formed on the chromium oxide surface using nanoimprinting technology, and the moth-eye structure is transferred to Cr / CrO by inductively coupled plasma dry etching. x The layers are stacked to form a nanocone array, and finally patterned using photolithography and etching processes to define the pixel area, ensuring that the structure and performance of the black matrix 4 meet the standards. In step 2, a DC magnetron sputtering process is used with molybdenum-niobium alloy as the target material. Reactive sputtering is performed in a mixed atmosphere of argon and oxygen, and the oxygen flow rate is controlled at 15%-25% to form a molybdenum-niobium oxide black conductive ceramic layer 53 on the aluminum-neodymium alloy layer. Then, it is patterned using photolithography and dry etching processes to form the pixel electrode 5 pattern that meets the requirements.

[0040] Example 10, step 5 includes the following specific scheme: The assembled display screen was placed in a darkroom, and the dark state brightness under different ambient light simulation conditions was measured using a high-precision color analyzer. The voltage value corresponding to the lowest dark state brightness was obtained by adjusting the common voltage, and a common voltage compensation lookup table indexed by ambient light intensity was established. The lookup table was burned into the non-volatile memory of the timing controller 7, and the contrast enhancement algorithm was solidified. Outdoor strong light irradiation was simulated to verify whether the brightness value of the black screen was lower than 0.2 nits after the negative overdrive function was activated.

[0041] By adopting the above technical solution, the assembled display screen is placed in a dark room, and a high-precision color analyzer is used to measure the dark state brightness under different ambient light simulation conditions. By adjusting the common voltage, the voltage value corresponding to the lowest dark state brightness under each illumination condition is found, and a common voltage compensation lookup table indexed by ambient light intensity is established. This lookup table is burned into the non-volatile memory of the timing controller 7, and the contrast enhancement algorithm is solidified to ensure that the timing controller 7 can stably call relevant parameters. At the same time, outdoor strong light illumination is simulated to verify whether the brightness of the black screen is less than 0.2 nit after the negative overdrive function is activated, ensuring that the display screen's strong light display performance meets the standards and guaranteeing the reliability of the manufacturing process.

[0042] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation principle of the present invention: A liquid crystal display screen with dynamic contrast enhancement function and its complete manufacturing process are disclosed. This screen can effectively solve problems such as light leakage in dark conditions and contrast reduction under strong light, and is suitable for use in various scenarios such as outdoor and automotive applications. The specific structure, manufacturing process and performance verification are as follows: The liquid crystal display screen in this case includes a first substrate 1, a second substrate 2, a liquid crystal layer 3, a black matrix 4, pixel electrodes 5, an ambient light sensor 6, and a timing controller 7. The first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are arranged parallel to each other, and the liquid crystal layer 3 is sandwiched between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2. The liquid crystal layer 3 uses a negative liquid crystal material, which has the characteristics of sensitive electric field response and good orientation stability, which can improve the orientation accuracy of liquid crystal molecules and reduce the risk of light leakage.

[0043] A black matrix 4 is fixedly disposed on the side of the first substrate 1 facing the second substrate 2. The black matrix 4 is made of Cr / CrO. x The stacked structure consists of sequentially stacked metal layers 41 and metal oxide layers 42. Metal layer 41 is chromium, which enhances the adhesion between the black matrix 4 and the first substrate 1, while also improving light-shielding performance to prevent light penetration and ensure display quality. Metal oxide layer 42 is chromium oxide, which further reduces the reflectivity of the black matrix 4 surface. The surface of the black matrix 4 is provided with a nanoscale biomimetic moth-eye structure 8, directly formed on the surface of the metal oxide layer 42. This structure consists of a conical array with a period of 250 nm and a height of 180 nm, effectively disrupting the specular reflection path of ambient light, scattering ambient light of different wavelengths, further reducing ambient light reflection, and minimizing stray light interference.

[0044] A pixel electrode 5 is disposed on the side of the second substrate 2 facing the first substrate 1. The pixel electrode 5 adopts a metal stacked structure, consisting of a bottom molybdenum layer 51, a middle aluminum-neodymium alloy layer 52, and a top molybdenum-niobium oxide black conductive ceramic layer 53, from bottom to top. The bottom molybdenum layer 51 can improve the bonding force between the pixel electrode 5 and the second substrate 2, preventing the electrode from falling off; the middle aluminum-neodymium alloy layer 52 can reduce the electrode resistance, ensuring fast and stable transmission of driving signals; the top molybdenum-niobium oxide black conductive ceramic layer 53 can control the reflectivity of the visible light band to below 8%, working in conjunction with the black matrix 4 to achieve low reflection across the entire screen, providing hardware support for contrast enhancement.

[0045] An ambient light sensor 6 is installed in the non-display area of ​​the display screen and is adapted to the main structure of the display screen. It is used to collect ambient light intensity data in real time and transmit the collected data to the timing controller 7 in real time. The timing controller 7 is electrically connected to the ambient light sensor 6. The timing controller 7 integrates a contrast enhancement algorithm unit 71. At the same time, its memory stores an ambient light intensity and common voltage compensation lookup table. This lookup table is generated through module calibration process and covers key ambient light intensity calibration ranges such as 0 Lux, 100 Lux, 500 Lux, 5000 Lux, and 10000 Lux, which can realize precise voltage adjustment under different lighting conditions.

[0046] The timing controller 7 operates as follows: It receives ambient light intensity data transmitted by the ambient light sensor 6 in real time. When the ambient light intensity is detected to be higher than 5000 Lux, it immediately controls the adjustable power management IC to apply a compensation voltage to the common electrode. This compensation voltage can cause the effective voltage of the liquid crystal layer 3 in the dark state to deviate from the pixel voltage of the pixel electrode 5, thereby offsetting the residual phase delay caused by the elastic recovery of liquid crystal molecules under strong light irradiation and suppressing the brightness of the liquid crystal layer 3 in the dark state to below 0.1 nit. When displaying a dark image and the ambient light intensity is higher than 5000 Lux, the timing controller 7 applies a negative overdrive voltage to the pixel electrode 5. The absolute value of this negative overdrive voltage is greater than the absolute value of the drive voltage of the pixel electrode 5 in the standard dark state, which can force the liquid crystal molecules to rotate completely to the extreme orientation and completely eliminate the weak light leakage caused by the elastic recovery of liquid crystal molecules. At the same time, the contrast enhancement algorithm unit 71 can dynamically adjust the gamma curve of the display image according to the glare angle collected by the ambient light sensor 6, further improving the readability of the image under strong light and ensuring that a clear display effect can still be presented in outdoor strong light environment.

[0047] The manufacturing process of the aforementioned liquid crystal display screen adopts a standardized procedure to ensure structural accuracy and performance stability. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Fabrication of the first substrate 1. The core step is to form a black matrix 4 with a nano-moth-eye structure on the first substrate 1. First, a chromium or chromium oxide stack is deposited on the surface of the first substrate 1 using magnetron sputtering to form the main structure of the black matrix 4. Then, a mask with a moth-eye structure is fabricated on the chromium oxide surface using nanoimprint lithography, ensuring that the period and height of the mask meet the design requirements. Finally, the moth-eye structure on the mask is transferred to the Cr / CrO₂ substrate using inductively coupled plasma dry etching. x The layers are stacked to form a nanocone array; finally, the nanocone array is patterned through photolithography and etching processes to define the pixel area, ensuring that the structure of the black matrix 4 is compatible with the pixel layout and avoiding affecting the display accuracy.

[0048] Step 2 involves fabricating the second substrate 2, the core of which is forming the pixel electrode 5 on the second substrate 2 with a black conductive ceramic layer 53 as the top layer. First, a molybdenum layer 51 and an aluminum-neodymium alloy layer 52 are sequentially deposited on the surface of the second substrate 2 using magnetron sputtering to form the bottom and middle layers of the pixel electrode 5. Then, a DC magnetron sputtering process is used, with a molybdenum-niobium alloy as the target material, and reactive sputtering is performed in a mixed atmosphere of argon and oxygen, controlling the oxygen flow rate to 20%, to deposit a molybdenum-niobium oxide black conductive ceramic layer 53 on the surface of the aluminum-neodymium alloy layer 52. Finally, the metal stacked structure of the pixel electrode 5 is patterned using photolithography and dry etching processes to form a pixel electrode 5 pattern that meets the design requirements, ensuring good electrode conductivity.

[0049] Step 3: An alignment layer is formed on the opposite surfaces of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 respectively. A friction alignment process is used to guide the liquid crystal molecules to align in an orderly manner, ensuring the display effect of the liquid crystal layer 3 and avoiding problems such as blurry display and color distortion.

[0050] Step 4: The prepared first substrate 1 and second substrate 2 are aligned and fixed. Then, negative liquid crystal material is injected between them to form liquid crystal layer 3, thus completing the assembly of the core structure of the display screen. During the injection process, the amount of liquid crystal used is strictly controlled to avoid defects such as bubbles and leakage.

[0051] Step 5: Polarizing films are attached to the outer side of the first substrate 1 and the outer side of the second substrate 2 respectively to assemble the backlight module and ensure backlight uniformity; then, the ambient light sensor 6 and the timing controller 7 are installed in the non-display area of ​​the display screen to complete the circuit connection, improve the display and control functions of the display screen, and ensure that all components work together.

[0052] Step 6: Perform module optical parameter calibration to ensure the display screen performance meets standards. Place the assembled display screen in a darkroom and use a high-precision color analyzer to measure the dark state brightness under different ambient light simulation conditions. By adjusting the common voltage, obtain the voltage value corresponding to the lowest dark state brightness under each illumination condition, and establish a common voltage compensation lookup table indexed by ambient light intensity. Burn this lookup table into the non-volatile memory of the timing controller 7 and solidify the contrast enhancement algorithm to ensure that the timing controller 7 can stably call relevant parameters. Finally, simulate an outdoor strong light environment to verify whether the brightness value of the black screen is lower than 0.2 nits after the negative overdrive function is activated, ensuring that the display screen's performance in strong light environments meets design requirements. During mass production, each display screen must undergo this calibration process to ensure product consistency.

[0053] The performance of the liquid crystal display screen prepared using the above process was compared with that prepared using the traditional process. The comparison results are shown in Table 1. Table 1

[0054] Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) manufactured using traditional processes have significant shortcomings in hardware structure design and drive control. In traditional processes, the black matrix does not utilize Cr / CrO₂. xThe layered structure and nanoscale biomimetic moth-eye structure, using only ordinary light-shielding materials, result in persistently high reflectivity exceeding 5%, causing severe ambient light reflection interference. The pixel electrodes employ a conventional metal layer structure without a black conductive ceramic top layer, leading to a visible light reflectivity exceeding 15%, further exacerbating stray light issues. In terms of drive control, traditional processes use fixed drive parameters. The timing controller lacks an integrated contrast enhancement algorithm unit and a pre-stored lookup table for ambient light intensity and common voltage compensation. This prevents dynamic adjustment of the common electrode voltage and pixel electrode drive voltage of liquid crystal layer 3 based on ambient light intensity. Consequently, under 10000 Lux strong light conditions, dark-state brightness exceeds 0.5 nits, contrast ratio is below 300:1, dark-state light leakage suppression is poor, liquid crystal molecules cannot be fully aligned, and the image is prone to reflection and blurring under strong light, resulting in poor readability and poor ambient light adaptability. Furthermore, the hardware structure and drive algorithm in traditional processes are disconnected, failing to work synergistically, leading to generally poor process stability and difficulty in ensuring product consistency during mass production, thus failing to meet the needs of outdoor and automotive applications in high-light scenarios.

[0055] In contrast, the process in this case effectively overcomes all the shortcomings of traditional processes through the coordinated optimization of hardware structure and driving algorithm. The black matrix uses Cr / CrO. x The layered structure, incorporating a nanoscale biomimetic moth-eye structure, controls reflectivity below 0.5%. The pixel electrodes feature a top layer of molybdenum-niobium oxide black conductive ceramic, resulting in visible light reflectivity below 8%, significantly reducing ambient light reflection at the hardware level. The timing controller integrates a contrast enhancement algorithm unit and pre-stores a compensation lookup table, dynamically adjusting driving parameters based on ambient light intensity. In a 10,000 Lux strong light environment, dark-state brightness can be suppressed to below 0.1 nits, while the contrast ratio is increased to over 1000:1. By forcing complete alignment of liquid crystal molecules through a negative overdrive voltage, dark-state light leakage is completely suppressed, resulting in no noticeable glare or blurring under strong light, excellent readability, and adaptability to all ambient lighting scenarios. Furthermore, this process achieves deep hardware and algorithm synergy, resulting in high process stability and good product consistency during mass production. It meets the requirements of high-light scenarios such as outdoor displays, automotive displays, and industrial control displays, demonstrating a significant performance improvement over traditional processes.

[0056] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal display screen, characterized in that: It includes a first substrate (1), a second substrate (2), a liquid crystal layer (3), a black matrix (4), a pixel electrode (5), an ambient light sensor (6), and a timing controller (7). The first substrate (1) and the second substrate (2) are disposed opposite to each other, and the liquid crystal layer is located between the first substrate (1) and the second substrate (2); A black matrix (4) is provided on the side of the first substrate (1) facing the second substrate (2), and the surface of the black matrix (4) has a nanoscale biomimetic moth eye structure (8) to reduce ambient light reflection; The second substrate (2) is provided with a pixel electrode (5) on the side facing the first substrate (1). The pixel electrode (5) is a metal stacked structure, and the top layer is a black conductive ceramic material, which is used to reduce the reflectivity of the pixel electrode (5). The ambient light sensor (6) is used to collect ambient light intensity; The timing controller (7) is electrically connected to the ambient light sensor (6). The timing controller (7) integrates a contrast enhancement algorithm unit (71). The contrast enhancement algorithm unit (71) dynamically adjusts the common electrode voltage of the liquid crystal layer (3) and the driving voltage of the pixel electrode (5) according to the ambient light intensity to suppress dark-state light leakage under strong light conditions.

2. A liquid crystal display screen according to claim 1, characterized in that: The black matrix (4) comprises a metal layer (41) and a metal oxide layer (42) stacked sequentially, wherein the metal layer (41) is chromium and the metal oxide layer (42) is chromium oxide; the metal layer (41) and the metal oxide layer (42) are stacked sequentially to form a Cr / CrO x Stacked; the nanoscale biomimetic moth eye structure (8) is disposed on the surface of the metal oxide layer (42), and the nanoscale biomimetic moth eye structure (8) is composed of a conical array with a period of 200nm-300nm and a height of 150nm-200nm.

3. A liquid crystal display screen according to claim 2, characterized in that: The metal stack structure of the pixel electrode (5) includes, from bottom to top: a bottom molybdenum layer (51), a middle aluminum-neodymium alloy layer (52), and a top molybdenum-niobium oxide black conductive ceramic layer (53); the top molybdenum-niobium oxide has a reflectivity of less than 8% in the visible light band.

4. A liquid crystal display screen according to claim 3, characterized in that: The liquid crystal layer contains a negative liquid crystal material; when the received ambient light intensity is higher than a preset threshold, the timing controller controls the adjustable power management IC to apply a compensation voltage to the common electrode. The compensation voltage causes the effective voltage of the liquid crystal layer in the dark state to deviate from the pixel voltage of the pixel electrode, so as to offset the residual phase delay caused by the elastic recovery of liquid crystal molecules under strong light irradiation.

5. A liquid crystal display screen according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the received ambient light intensity is higher than a preset threshold, the timing controller (7) controls the adjustable power management IC to apply a compensation voltage to the common electrode. The compensation voltage causes the effective voltage of the liquid crystal layer (3) in the dark state to deviate from the pixel voltage of the pixel electrode (5) in order to offset the residual phase delay caused by the elastic recovery of liquid crystal molecules under strong light irradiation.

6. A liquid crystal display screen according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the timing controller (7) displays a dark image and the ambient light intensity is higher than a preset threshold, it applies a negative overdrive voltage to the pixel electrode (5). The absolute value of the negative overdrive voltage is greater than the absolute value of the drive voltage of the pixel electrode (5) in the standard dark state, which is used to force the liquid crystal molecules to rotate completely to the extreme orientation. The preset threshold is 5000 Lux; after the compensation voltage is applied, the brightness of the liquid crystal layer in the dark state is suppressed to below 0.1 nit.

7. A liquid crystal display screen according to claim 6, characterized in that: The timing controller (7) has a lookup table for ambient light intensity and common voltage compensation pre-stored in its memory. The lookup table is generated by the module calibration process and is used to output the corresponding optimal common voltage value under different ambient light intensities to minimize the brightness in the dark state. The calibration range of the ambient light intensity includes 0 Lux, 100 Lux, 500 Lux, 5000 Lux, and 10000 Lux.

8. A manufacturing process for a liquid crystal display screen, characterized in that, The method for preparing a liquid crystal display screen according to claim 7 includes the following steps: Step 1, prepare a first substrate (1), including forming a black matrix (4) with a nano moth eye structure on the first substrate (1). Step 2, prepare a second substrate (2), including forming a black conductive ceramic layer (53) on the second substrate (2) as the top pixel electrode (5); Step 3: An alignment layer is formed on the first substrate (1) and the second substrate (2); Step 4: The first substrate (1) and the second substrate (2) are assembled and liquid crystal is injected between them to form a liquid crystal layer (3). Step 5: Attach the polarizer and assemble the backlight module, and install the ambient light sensor (6) and timing controller (7). Step 6: Perform module optical parameter calibration, establish an ambient light intensity common voltage compensation lookup table, and burn the lookup table and contrast enhancement algorithm into the timing controller (7).

9. The manufacturing process of a liquid crystal display screen according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method for forming the black matrix (4) with nano-moth eye structure in step 1 is as follows: Chromium or chromium oxide stacks were deposited using magnetron sputtering; a mask with a moth-eye structure was formed on the chromium oxide surface using nanoimprint lithography; and the moth-eye structure was transferred to Cr / CrO by inductively coupled plasma dry etching. x Layers are stacked to form a nanocone array; the nanocone array is patterned using photolithography and etching processes to define pixel regions; The method for forming the black conductive ceramic layer (53) as the top pixel electrode (5) in step 2 is as follows: DC magnetron sputtering was used with molybdenum-niobium alloy as the target material. Reactive sputtering was carried out in a mixed atmosphere of argon and oxygen, with oxygen flow rate accounting for 15%-25%. A black conductive ceramic layer of molybdenum-niobium oxide was deposited on the aluminum-neodymium alloy layer (53). The metal stack structure of the pixel electrode (5) was patterned by photolithography and dry etching processes to form the pixel electrode (5) pattern.

10. The manufacturing process of a liquid crystal display screen according to claim 9, characterized in that, Step 5 includes the following specific solutions: The assembled display screen was placed in a dark room, and the dark state brightness under different ambient light simulation conditions was measured using a high-precision color analyzer. The voltage value corresponding to the lowest dark state brightness was obtained by adjusting the common voltage, and a common voltage compensation lookup table indexed by ambient light intensity was established. The lookup table was burned into the non-volatile memory of the timing controller (7), and the contrast enhancement algorithm was solidified. Outdoor strong light irradiation was simulated to verify whether the brightness value of the black screen was lower than 0.2nit after the negative overdrive function was started.

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