A double-battery switching endurance method for an electric vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of electric vehicle double battery switching endurance methods.The application is independently set by lead-acid battery group, lithium battery group on electric vehicle, respectively configure exclusive independent control switch, corresponding switch is manually operated and is started and stopped operation by key, the independent on-off and switching use of two groups of batteries are realized, the battery functions of two electric vehicles are combined, the endurance capability of electric vehicle is significantly improved.The method avoids existing automatic switching, parallel switching and other technologies, adopts pure manual independent switching mode, the structure is simple, convenient to operate, switching logic is clear, and endurance capability can be doubled through test verification, and through specific switch linkage design avoids circuit conflict in switching process, solves the drawbacks that double battery switching in existing technology is prone to power supply anomaly and cannot be switched stably, and is suitable for various electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and other electric vehicle models.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electric vehicle technology, specifically relating to a method for switching the range of dual batteries in an electric vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of new energy technologies, electric vehicles have become an important means of transportation for people's daily travel due to their advantages such as environmental friendliness, convenience, and economy, and are widely used in short-distance commuting, shopping, and leisure scenarios. However, current electric vehicles generally use a single battery pack for power supply, and due to limitations in battery technology, size, and weight, their driving range is limited, typically between 50-100km on a single full charge. This cannot meet the needs of users for long-distance travel and has become one of the core bottlenecks restricting the development of electric vehicles.

[0003] To address the issue of insufficient range in electric vehicles, existing technologies have proposed several solutions, mainly falling into three categories: The first category involves increasing the capacity of a single battery, thereby increasing the driving range by improving the battery's energy density. However, this approach increases the battery's size and weight, raising manufacturing costs and impacting handling and maneuverability. Furthermore, increasing energy density faces technological bottlenecks, making it difficult to double the driving range. The second category uses parallel or series battery packs, leveraging multiple battery packs to provide power collaboratively. However, this requires complex circuit control modules for automatic power balancing, resulting in high costs. Parallel or series connections are prone to circuit conflicts and uneven battery wear, leading to shortened battery lifespan. Additionally, a failure in one battery pack can affect the entire pack's operation, resulting in low reliability. The third category employs replaceable batteries, allowing users to continue driving after the main battery is depleted. However, this requires establishing a comprehensive battery replacement network, incurring significant costs. The inconvenience of carrying and replacing spare batteries leads to a poor user experience. Moreover, batteries from different brands and models of electric vehicles are not interchangeable, resulting in poor versatility.

[0004] In addition, while some existing dual-battery switching solutions exist, most adopt an automatic switching mode, which automatically switches the power supply battery pack by detecting the battery level. This solution requires additional power detection and automatic control modules, resulting in a complex structure and high cost. Furthermore, problems such as switching delays and erroneous switching can easily occur during the automatic switching process, affecting the normal operation of the electric vehicle. At the same time, most existing dual-battery switching solutions use the same type of battery pack, which cannot fully utilize the advantages of different battery types. Moreover, the switching logic is complex and inconvenient to operate, making it difficult to integrate the functions of two electric vehicle batteries into one, and failing to meet users' needs for simple, convenient, and low-cost range improvement.

[0005] Furthermore, existing dual-battery switching solutions often neglect operational procedures and safety during the switching process, easily leading to short circuits caused by both batteries supplying power simultaneously, or the battery failing to function properly after switching. Moreover, there is a lack of targeted troubleshooting and solutions, impacting the user experience. Additionally, the design of battery pack installation, securing, and heat dissipation in existing solutions is flawed, causing issues such as battery vibration and overheating during use, thus shortening battery life.

[0006] Based on the shortcomings of the existing technologies, there is a need for a method for switching the range of electric vehicles using dual batteries that is simple in structure, easy to operate, low in cost, and highly reliable. This method would enable manual and precise switching between two different types of batteries, combine the functions of two electric vehicle batteries into one, and effectively avoid the drawbacks of existing technologies. It would solve the problems of insufficient range of single batteries, complex switching between dual batteries, and low reliability in existing electric vehicles, and meet the needs of users for long-distance travel. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for switching the range of dual batteries in an electric vehicle to solve or alleviate one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and at least provides a beneficial option.

[0008] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: a method for switching the range of a dual-battery electric vehicle, comprising the following steps: Step 1: In the battery installation area of ​​the electric vehicle, a first battery pack and a second battery pack are independently installed. The first battery pack is a lead-acid battery pack with a rated voltage of 48V, a rated capacity of 20Ah, and a cycle life of 300-500 cycles. The second battery pack is a lithium battery pack with a rated voltage of 48V, a rated capacity of 20Ah, and a cycle life of 800-1200 cycles. The two battery packs are installed independently, without being connected in series or parallel. They are connected to the electric vehicle's power control system independently, and their installation positions do not interfere with each other. Independent battery mounting brackets are installed for each battery pack. The battery mounting brackets are made of high-strength ABS material with a thickness of 3-5mm, and the surface of the brackets is provided with anti-slip buffer pads to prevent the battery packs from shaking or colliding during the operation of the electric vehicle. Step 2: On the handlebar side or the side of the electric vehicle, independently install a first control switch and a second control switch. The first control switch is electrically connected to the lead-acid battery pack and is specifically used to control the on / off state of the lead-acid battery pack. The second control switch is electrically connected to the lithium battery pack and is specifically used to control the on / off state of the lithium battery pack. The two control switches have the same structure and operate independently. Both adopt waterproof and dustproof rocker switches. The rated current of the switch contacts is 10A and the rated voltage is 60V. The switch surface is clearly marked with "lead-acid battery" and "lithium battery" respectively, so as to facilitate users to quickly identify and operate. Step 3: When using the electric vehicle, the user selects the corresponding battery pack for power supply by manually operating the control switch. Initially, both battery packs are disconnected. After the user inserts the electric vehicle key and turns it to the power position, one of the control switches needs to be manually closed to connect the corresponding battery pack to the power control system and provide power to the electric vehicle. Step 4: When the current battery pack is depleted or needs to be switched, the user should first manually disconnect the control switch corresponding to the current battery pack to ensure that the battery pack is completely disconnected from the power control system. Then, insert the electric vehicle key (if the key is already inserted, keep the power position unchanged) and manually close the control switch corresponding to the other battery pack to switch the battery pack. During the switching process, the two control switches should not be closed at the same time to avoid short circuit caused by the two battery packs supplying power at the same time. Step 5: After the switch is complete, check the power supply status of the current battery pack. If the battery pack is not working properly after the switch (i.e., the electric vehicle is stationary), repeat step 4, disconnecting the current control switch and closing the corresponding control switch again to ensure the switch operation is complete until the battery pack is supplying power normally. Through the above steps, the manual switching between the two battery packs is achieved, combining the battery functions of the two electric vehicles into one, thus doubling the electric vehicle's range. The range calculation formula is as follows:

[0009] In the formula, The total driving range of the electric vehicle after switching between dual batteries (unit: km). The driving range (in km) of a fully charged lead-acid battery pack. The driving range (in km) is the range of the lithium battery pack when fully charged.

[0010] Furthermore, in step 1, the rated voltage and rated capacity of the lead-acid battery pack and the lithium battery pack can be adjusted according to the power requirements of the electric vehicle. The adjustment range is: rated voltage 36V-72V, rated capacity 12Ah-30Ah. The rated voltages of the two battery packs must remain consistent to ensure compatibility with the electric vehicle's power control system after switching, avoiding power supply abnormalities caused by voltage mismatch. The formula for calculating the compatibility between the battery pack and the power control system is as follows:

[0011] In the formula, The matching degree between the battery pack and the power control system (unit: %). Rated voltage of the battery pack (unit: V). The rated input voltage (unit: V) of the power control system requires a matching degree. ≥98% to ensure stable power supply.

[0012] 3. The method for switching the range of a dual-battery electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 2, the installation positions of the first control switch and the second control switch need to meet the user's convenient operation requirements. When installed on one side of the handlebar, it is located near the anti-slip grip on the left or right side of the handlebar, and is staggered from the electric vehicle's light switch and horn switch to avoid accidental touch during operation; when installed on the side of the vehicle body, it is located under the electric vehicle seat or on the side of the foot pedal, and a dedicated switch protective box is provided. The protective box is made of transparent PC material, which makes it easy for the user to observe the switch status, and at the same time plays a role in waterproofing, dustproofing, and collision protection. The protective box is fixed to the vehicle body with bolts, and is easy to disassemble.

[0013] Furthermore, in step 3, both battery packs are initially disconnected and require manual operation of the control switch to provide power, thus preventing the battery packs from discharging themselves when the electric vehicle is idle and extending battery life. After inserting the key and turning it to the power position, the electric vehicle's instrument panel will display the current battery pack's on / off status. If no control switch is closed, the instrument panel will display a "Battery not connected" message. If one of the control switches is closed, the instrument panel will display the corresponding battery pack's charge, voltage, and other parameters, allowing users to monitor the battery status in real time and perform timely switching operations.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 4, the specific process of the switching operation is as follows: First, the user releases the accelerator of the electric vehicle to bring it to a standstill (if it is in motion, it needs to be slowed down to a stop and the handbrake engaged). Then manually disconnect the control switch corresponding to the current power supply battery pack, observe the instrument display, and confirm that the battery pack has been disconnected (the corresponding battery pack parameters disappear from the instrument display). Then insert the electric vehicle key (if the key is already inserted, keep the power on position and do not need to be inserted or removed repeatedly). Finally, manually close the control switch corresponding to the other battery pack, observe the instrument display, and confirm that the battery pack is turned on (the instrument displays the corresponding battery pack's charge and voltage parameters), thus completing the switching. During the switching process, the switching interval between the two control switches should not be less than 2 seconds to avoid frequent switching in a short period of time, which could cause circuit shock and damage to the battery pack or power control system.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 5, the troubleshooting steps for the lead-acid battery pack not working properly (stationary state) after switching include: First, check if the first control switch corresponding to the lead-acid battery pack is fully closed. If the switch is not fully closed, close the switch again. The second step is to check whether the wiring terminals of the lead-acid battery pack are loose or detached. If they are loose, tighten the wiring terminals again to ensure that the wiring is secure. The third step is to check if the lead-acid battery pack has sufficient power. If it is depleted, charge the lead-acid battery pack before switching. Fourth, check whether the connection cable between the lead-acid battery pack and the power control system is damaged or short-circuited. If it is damaged, replace the connection cable before switching. By following the above troubleshooting steps, we can ensure that the lead-acid battery pack can supply power normally after the switch, and avoid power supply abnormalities caused by improper operation or line problems.

[0016] Furthermore, the lead-acid battery pack uses maintenance-free lead-acid batteries, which do not require periodic addition of electrolyte. The operating temperature range is -10℃ to 45℃, and the discharge capacity retention rate is not less than 70% under low temperature conditions (-10℃ to 0℃) and not less than 85% under high temperature conditions (35℃ to 45℃). The lithium battery pack uses lithium iron phosphate batteries, which have no memory effect and can be used in a temperature range of -20℃ to 55℃. The discharge capacity retention rate is no less than 65% in low temperature environments (-20℃ to 0℃) and no less than 80% in high temperature environments (45℃ to 55℃). The operating temperature ranges of the two battery packs are complementary, ensuring that the electric vehicle can be used normally in different environments.

[0017] Furthermore, the battery mounting bracket is provided with heat dissipation holes with a diameter of 3-5mm and a spacing of 10-15mm, which are evenly distributed on the surface of the bracket to dissipate heat from the battery pack and prevent the battery pack from overheating during charging or discharging, which would affect battery performance and lifespan. Meanwhile, the bracket is equipped with positioning buckles to fix the battery pack terminals and prevent poor contact caused by shaking. The positioning buckles are made of elastic rubber, which has a good cushioning effect and can adapt to slight deformation of the battery pack.

[0018] Furthermore, both the first and second control switches are equipped with an anti-accidental touch structure, which is a press-type locking button. The locking button must be pressed before the switch can be turned on, to prevent the user from accidentally touching the switch during driving, causing the battery pack to suddenly disconnect and creating a safety hazard. Meanwhile, the switch has a toggle travel of 5-8mm and a toggle force of 5-10N, providing a comfortable operating feel and facilitating quick operation. Furthermore, the switch has a service life of no less than 10,000 cycles, ensuring long-term stable use.

[0019] Furthermore, the method also includes battery pack maintenance steps: Regularly check the power levels of both battery packs. If the power level of one battery pack is below 20%, charge it promptly to avoid over-discharge. Regularly check the contact status of the control switch. If the switch has problems such as poor contact or jamming, clean or replace it in time. Regularly inspect the battery pack's terminals and connecting wires, and promptly address any issues such as oxidation or damage. Regular maintenance extends the lifespan of the battery pack and control switches, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the dual-battery switching range method, while further improving the range stability and safety of electric vehicles.

[0020] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical solutions: (1) The present invention uses two independent battery packs (lead-acid battery pack and lithium battery pack), and manual switching is achieved through two independent control switches. This completely avoids existing automatic switching, parallel / series switching and other technologies. The structure is simple and easy to operate. There is no need for complex control modules and detection modules, which reduces manufacturing costs and failure rate. At the same time, the battery functions of the two electric vehicles are combined into one. According to the formula L=L1+L2, the range can be doubled, which effectively solves the problem of insufficient range of existing electric vehicles with a single battery and meets the needs of users for long-distance travel.

[0021] (2) In this invention, the two battery packs are independent of each other, are not connected in series or in parallel, and are respectively connected to the power control system. During the switching process, the control switch is manually operated and the two switches are strictly controlled to not close at the same time. This avoids the problems of circuit conflict and uneven battery wear that are easy to occur in parallel / series battery packs in the prior art, improves the reliability and safety of switching, and avoids the disadvantages of switching delay and false switching that occur in the automatic switching scheme.

[0022] (3) This invention addresses the problem of lead-acid battery packs not working properly (in a stationary state) after switching. It sets up a special troubleshooting step, which can quickly locate and solve problems such as improper operation and loose wiring during the switching process, thereby improving the user experience. At the same time, the battery pack matching formula ensures the matching between the battery pack and the power control system, avoiding power supply abnormalities caused by voltage mismatch.

[0023] (4) In this invention, lead-acid battery pack and lithium battery pack use different types of batteries, making full use of the advantages of both. Lead-acid battery pack has low cost and high cost performance, while lithium battery pack has long service life and no memory effect. Moreover, the operating temperature range of the two is complementary, ensuring that the electric vehicle can be used normally in different environments. At the same time, the battery pack mounting bracket is reasonably designed and equipped with heat dissipation holes and positioning buckles, which can effectively dissipate heat, fix the battery pack, avoid battery pack shaking and overheating, and extend battery service life.

[0024] (5) The control switch of the present invention adopts a waterproof and dustproof design, is equipped with an anti-accidental touch structure and clear markings, is easy to operate, has high safety and long service life, and can adapt to the outdoor use environment of electric vehicles. At the same time, the installation position of the switch is reasonable, which makes it easy for users to operate and avoids accidental touch.

[0025] (6) The present invention adds battery pack maintenance steps. Through regular inspection and maintenance, the service life of the battery pack and control switch is further extended, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the dual battery switching range method, while reducing the user's operating costs and improving the practicality and reliability of the product.

[0026] (7) The method of the present invention can be applied to various electric bicycles, electric motorcycles and other electric vehicle models. It does not require large-scale modification of the power control system of electric vehicles. The modification is simple and low-cost, highly versatile and easy to promote and apply, and can effectively promote the development of the electric vehicle industry.

[0027] The above overview is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features of the invention will become readily apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the dual-battery switching power-saving method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a detailed flowchart of the battery pack switching operation of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the troubleshooting process for battery pack malfunction after switching, as described in this invention. Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the battery pack periodic maintenance process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] This embodiment applies to electric bicycles, and the specific implementation is as follows: Step 1: In the battery installation area under the seat of the electric bicycle, independently install a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack is a maintenance-free lead-acid battery pack with a rated voltage of 48V, a rated capacity of 20Ah, a cycle life of 300 cycles, an operating temperature range of -10℃ to 45℃, a discharge capacity retention rate of 70% at low temperatures (-10℃), and a discharge capacity retention rate of 85% at high temperatures (45℃). The second battery pack is a lithium iron phosphate battery pack with a rated voltage of 48V, a rated capacity of 20Ah, a cycle life of 800 cycles, and an operating temperature range of -20℃ to 55℃. The discharge capacity retention rate is 65% in low temperature environment (-20℃) and 80% in high temperature environment (55℃). The two battery packs are independent of each other, neither connected in series nor in parallel. They are connected to the power control system of the electric bicycle through independent connecting lines, and their installation positions do not interfere with each other. Each battery pack has an independent battery mounting bracket. The bracket is made of high-strength ABS material with a thickness of 3mm and has an anti-slip buffer pad on the surface. The bracket has heat dissipation holes with a diameter of 3mm and a hole spacing of 10mm, which are evenly distributed. At the same time, elastic rubber positioning buckles are set to fix the battery pack terminals.

[0033] Step 2: Near the anti-slip grip on the left side of the electric bicycle handlebars, independently install the first and second control switches, staggered from the light switch and horn switch. Both switches are waterproof and dustproof rocker switches with a rated current of 10A and a rated voltage of 60V. The switch surfaces are marked "lead-acid battery" and "lithium battery" respectively. Both switches are equipped with a press-type locking structure to prevent accidental activation, with a toggle travel of 5mm, a toggle force of 5N, and a service life of 10,000 cycles.

[0034] Step 3: When the user uses the electric bicycle, both battery packs are initially disconnected. The user inserts the electric bicycle key and turns it to the power position. The instrument panel displays "Battery not connected." The user presses the lock button of the first control switch and moves the switch to the closed position. The instrument panel displays the charge and voltage parameters of the lead-acid battery pack. The lead-acid battery pack is now connected to the power control system, providing power to the electric bicycle. At this point, the electric bicycle's full-charge range is [not specified]. =50km.

[0035] Step 4: When the lead-acid battery pack is depleted and the electric bicycle cannot move normally, the user releases the throttle to bring the electric bicycle to a stop, pulls up the handbrake, presses the lock button on the first control switch, moves the switch to the off state, observes the instrument to confirm that the lead-acid battery pack parameters have disappeared, at this time the key remains in the energized position, presses the lock button on the second control switch, moves the switch to the closed state, observes the instrument to see the lithium battery pack's power and voltage parameters, and completes the battery pack switching. The switching interval is 2 seconds.

[0036] Step 5: After the switch is complete, the user twists the throttle and finds that the electric bicycle remains stationary. This indicates that the lithium battery pack is not functioning properly after switching from the lead-acid battery pack to the lithium battery pack. At this point, the user repeats the operation in Step 4: first, disconnect the second control switch; after confirming that the instrument panel displays no lithium battery pack parameters, close the second control switch again and observe that the instrument panel displays normally. Then, twist the throttle again, and the electric bicycle will move normally. At this point, the lithium battery pack's full charge range is [not specified]. =50km, according to the formula Total range of electric bicycles =100km, doubling the range.

[0037] Step 6, Regular Maintenance: Check the battery level of both battery packs weekly. If the level is below 20%, charge them promptly. Check the contact status of the control switch monthly and clean the switch contacts to avoid poor contact. Check the battery pack terminals and connecting wires quarterly. If oxidation or damage is found, deal with it promptly. Check the battery mounting bracket every six months to ensure that the bracket is secure and the heat dissipation holes are unobstructed.

[0038] In this embodiment, the matching degree between the battery pack and the power control system is as follows:

[0039] satisfy It meets the requirement of ≥98%, has a stable power supply, a smooth switching process, effectively doubles the battery life, and is easy to operate and highly safe.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] This embodiment applies to electric motorcycles, and the specific implementation is as follows: Step 1: In the battery installation area on the side of the footrest of the electric motorcycle, independently install a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack is a maintenance-free lead-acid battery pack with a rated voltage of 60V, a rated capacity of 25Ah, a cycle life of 400 cycles, an operating temperature range of -10℃ to 45℃, a discharge capacity retention rate of 75% at low temperature (0℃), and a discharge capacity retention rate of 88% at high temperature (40℃). The second battery pack is a lithium iron phosphate battery pack with a rated voltage of 60V, a rated capacity of 25Ah, a cycle life of 1000 cycles, and an operating temperature range of -20℃ to 5℃. The discharge capacity retention rate is 70% at low temperature (0℃) and 82% at high temperature (50℃). The two battery packs are independent of each other, neither connected in series nor in parallel. They are connected to the power control system of the electric motorcycle through independent connecting lines. The installation positions do not interfere with each other. Each battery pack has an independent battery mounting bracket. The bracket is made of high-strength ABS material with a thickness of 4mm and has an anti-slip buffer pad on the surface. The bracket has heat dissipation holes with a diameter of 4mm and a hole spacing of 12mm, which are evenly distributed. At the same time, elastic rubber positioning buckles are set to fix the battery pack terminals.

[0042] Step 2: Install a dedicated switch protective box on the side of the electric motorcycle (under the seat). The protective box is made of transparent PC material and is fixed to the motorcycle body with bolts. The protective box contains a first control switch and a second control switch. Both switches are waterproof and dustproof rocker switches with a rated current of 10A and a rated voltage of 60V. The switch surfaces are marked "lead-acid battery" and "lithium battery" respectively. Both switches are equipped with a press-type locking structure to prevent accidental touch, with a toggle travel of 6mm, a toggle force of 7N, and a service life of 12,000 cycles.

[0043] Step 3: When the user uses the electric motorcycle, both battery packs are initially disconnected. The user inserts the electric motorcycle key and turns it to the power position. The instrument panel displays "Battery not connected." The user opens the switch protection box, presses the lock button of the second control switch, and moves the switch to the closed position. The instrument panel displays the lithium battery pack's charge and voltage parameters. The lithium battery pack is now connected to the power control system, providing power to the electric motorcycle. At this point, the electric motorcycle's full-charge range is [not specified]. =60km.

[0044] Step 4: When the user needs to switch to the lead-acid battery pack while driving, first decelerate to a stop, pull up the handbrake, release the accelerator, open the switch protection box, press the lock button of the second control switch, toggle the switch to the off state, observe the instrument, confirm that the lithium battery pack parameters have disappeared, then insert the electric vehicle key (if already inserted, keep the power on position unchanged), press the lock button of the first control switch, toggle the switch to the closed state, observe the instrument, which will display the lead-acid battery pack's charge and voltage parameters, completing the battery pack switchover. The switchover interval is 3 seconds.

[0045] Step 5: After the switch is complete, the user twists the throttle and finds the electric motorcycle stationary. This indicates that the lead-acid battery pack is not functioning properly after switching from the lithium battery pack to the lead-acid battery pack. The user should then follow these troubleshooting steps: First, check if the first control switch is fully closed. If the switch is not fully closed, press the lock button again to move the switch to the fully closed position. Second, check the lead-acid battery pack terminals. If the terminals are loose, tighten them. Third, check the lead-acid battery pack charge level; it should be sufficient. Fourth, check the wiring; there should be no damage or short circuits. After these checks, the user twists the throttle again, and the electric motorcycle runs normally. At this point, the lead-acid battery pack has a full charge range. =60km, according to the formula Total range of electric motorcycles =120km, doubling the range.

[0046] Step 6, Regular Maintenance: Check the power level of both battery packs every 3 days. If the power level is below 20%, charge them promptly. Check the contact status of the control switch every 20 days, clean the switch contacts, and replace the switch promptly if any jamming occurs. Check the battery pack terminals and connecting wires every 2 months. If oxidation or damage is found, address it promptly. Check the battery mounting bracket and protective box every 4 months to ensure that the bracket is secure, the protective box is intact, and the heat dissipation holes are unobstructed.

[0047] In this embodiment, the matching degree between the battery pack and the power control system is as follows:

[0048] satisfy It meets the requirement of ≥98%, has a stable power supply, a smooth switching process, can effectively solve the problem of insufficient range of electric motorcycles, and is adaptable to complex outdoor environments with high reliability.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] This embodiment is applied to a lightweight electric motorcycle, and the specific implementation is as follows: Step 1: In the battery installation area under the seat of the light electric motorcycle, independently install a first battery pack and a second battery pack. The first battery pack is a maintenance-free lead-acid battery pack with a rated voltage of 36V, a rated capacity of 12Ah, a cycle life of 500 cycles, an operating temperature range of -10℃ to 45℃, a discharge capacity retention rate of 72% at low temperatures (-5℃), and a discharge capacity retention rate of 86% at high temperatures (35℃). The second battery pack is a lithium iron phosphate battery pack with a rated voltage of 36V, a rated capacity of 12Ah, a cycle life of 1200 cycles, and an operating temperature range of -20℃ to 55℃. At -10℃, the discharge capacity retention rate is 68%, and at 45℃, the discharge capacity retention rate is 81%. The two battery packs are independent of each other, neither connected in series nor in parallel. They are connected to the power control system of the light electric motorcycle through independent connecting lines. The installation positions do not interfere with each other. Each battery pack has an independent battery mounting bracket. The bracket is made of high-strength ABS material with a thickness of 5mm and has an anti-slip buffer pad on the surface. The bracket has heat dissipation holes with a diameter of 5mm and a hole spacing of 15mm, which are evenly distributed. At the same time, elastic rubber positioning buckles are set to fix the battery pack terminals.

[0051] Step 2: Near the anti-slip grip on the right side of the handlebars of the lightweight electric motorcycle, independently install a first control switch and a second control switch, staggered from the light switch and horn switch. Both switches are waterproof and dustproof rocker switches with a rated current of 10A and a rated voltage of 60V. The switch surfaces are marked "lead-acid battery" and "lithium battery" respectively. Both switches are equipped with a press-type locking structure to prevent accidental activation, with a toggle travel of 8mm, a toggle force of 10N, and a service life of 15,000 cycles.

[0052] Step 3: When using the moped, both battery packs are initially disconnected. The user inserts the electric key and turns it to the power position. The instrument panel displays "Battery not connected." The user presses the lock button on the first control switch and moves the switch to the closed position. The instrument panel displays the charge and voltage parameters of the lead-acid battery pack. The lead-acid battery pack is now connected to the power control system, providing power to the moped. At this point, the moped's full-charge range is [not specified]. =40km.

[0053] Step 4: When the lead-acid battery pack is depleted and the moped cannot run normally, the user releases the throttle to bring the vehicle to a stop, engages the handbrake, presses the lock button on the first control switch, toggles the switch to the off position, observes the instrument panel to confirm that the lead-acid battery pack parameters have disappeared, then removes the key, reinserts the key and turns it to the energized position, presses the lock button on the second control switch, toggles the switch to the closed position, observes the instrument panel to see the lithium battery pack's charge and voltage parameters, and completes the battery pack switching. The switching interval is 4 seconds.

[0054] Step 5: After the switch is complete, the user twists the throttle and finds that the moped remains stationary. This indicates that the lithium battery pack is not functioning properly after switching from the lead-acid battery pack to the lithium battery pack. The user should then follow these troubleshooting steps: First, check if the second control switch is fully closed and confirm it is properly closed. Second, check the lithium battery pack terminals for looseness or disconnection. Third, check the lithium battery pack charge level; if it is depleted, recharge the lithium battery pack and repeat the switch operation after it is fully charged. Fourth, check the connecting wires for damage or short circuits. After the switch is complete, the user twists the throttle, and the moped moves normally. At this point, the lithium battery pack's full charge range is [not specified]. =40km, according to the formula Total range of lightweight electric motorcycles =80km, doubling the range.

[0055] Step 6, Regular Maintenance: Check the battery level of both battery packs weekly. If the level is below 20%, charge them promptly. Check the contact status of the control switch monthly and clean the switch contacts to prevent poor contact. Check the battery pack terminals and connecting wires quarterly. If oxidation or damage is found, address it promptly. Check the battery mounting bracket every six months to ensure it is secure and the ventilation holes are unobstructed. Also check the switch's anti-accidental-touch structure to ensure it is working properly.

[0056] In this embodiment, the matching degree between the battery pack and the power control system is as follows:

[0057] It meets the requirement of M≥98%, has a stable power supply, and is easy to switch. It can effectively improve the range of light electric motorcycles, and is low in cost and highly versatile, making it suitable for daily short-distance commuting and medium-to-long-distance travel.

[0058] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these should all be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for switching the range of a dual-battery electric vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: In the battery installation area of ​​the electric vehicle, a first battery pack and a second battery pack are independently installed. The first battery pack is a lead-acid battery pack with a rated voltage of 48V, a rated capacity of 20Ah, and a cycle life of 300-500 cycles. The second battery pack is a lithium battery pack with a rated voltage of 48V, a rated capacity of 20Ah, and a cycle life of 800-1200 cycles. The two battery packs are installed independently, without being connected in series or parallel. They are connected to the electric vehicle's power control system independently, and their installation positions do not interfere with each other. Independent battery mounting brackets are installed for each battery pack. The battery mounting brackets are made of high-strength ABS material with a thickness of 3-5mm, and the surface of the brackets is provided with anti-slip buffer pads to prevent the battery packs from shaking or colliding during the operation of the electric vehicle. Step 2: Independently install a first control switch and a second control switch on the handlebar side or the side of the electric vehicle. The first control switch is electrically connected to the lead-acid battery pack and is specifically used to control the on / off state of the lead-acid battery pack. The second control switch is electrically connected to the lithium battery pack and is specifically used to control the on / off state of the lithium battery pack. The two control switches have the same structure and operate independently. Both are waterproof and dustproof rocker switches. The rated current of the switch contacts is 10A and the rated voltage is 60V. The switch surface is clearly marked with "lead-acid battery" and "lithium battery" respectively to facilitate quick identification and operation by the user. Step 3: When using the electric vehicle, the user selects the corresponding battery pack for power supply by manually operating the control switch. Initially, both battery packs are disconnected. After the user inserts the electric vehicle key and turns it to the power position, one of the control switches needs to be manually closed to connect the corresponding battery pack to the power control system and provide power to the electric vehicle. Step 4: When the current battery pack is depleted or needs to be switched, the user should first manually disconnect the control switch corresponding to the current battery pack to ensure that the battery pack is completely disconnected from the power control system. Then, insert the electric vehicle key (if the key is already inserted, keep the power position unchanged) and manually close the control switch corresponding to the other battery pack to switch the battery pack. During the switching process, the two control switches should not be closed at the same time to avoid short circuit caused by the two battery packs supplying power at the same time. Step 5: After the switch is complete, check the power supply status of the current battery pack. If the battery pack is not working properly after the switch (i.e., the electric vehicle is stationary), repeat step 4, disconnecting the current control switch and closing the corresponding control switch again to ensure the switch operation is complete until the battery pack is supplying power normally. Through the above steps, the manual switching between the two battery packs is achieved, combining the battery functions of the two electric vehicles into one, thus doubling the electric vehicle's range. The range calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, The total driving range of the electric vehicle after switching between dual batteries (unit: km). The driving range (in km) of a fully charged lead-acid battery pack. The driving range (in km) is the range of the lithium battery pack when fully charged.

2. The method for switching the range of a dual-battery electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the rated voltage and rated capacity of the lead-acid battery pack and the lithium battery pack can be adjusted according to the power requirements of the electric vehicle. The adjustment range is: rated voltage 36V-72V, rated capacity 12Ah-30Ah. The rated voltages of the two battery packs must remain consistent to ensure compatibility with the electric vehicle's power control system after switching, avoiding power supply abnormalities caused by voltage mismatch. The formula for calculating the compatibility between the battery pack and the power control system is as follows: In the formula, The matching degree between the battery pack and the power control system (unit: %). Rated voltage of the battery pack (unit: V). The rated input voltage (unit: V) of the power control system requires a matching degree. ≥98% to ensure stable power supply.

3. The method for switching the range of a dual-battery electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the installation positions of the first and second control switches must meet the user's convenient operation requirements. When installed on the side of the handlebars, they should be located near the anti-slip grip on the left or right side of the handlebars, staggered from the electric vehicle's light switch and horn switch to avoid accidental activation during operation. When installed on the side of the vehicle body, they should be located under the electric vehicle seat or on the side of the foot pedal, with a dedicated switch protective box. The protective box is made of transparent PC material, making it easy for users to observe the switch status, while also serving to prevent water, dust, and collisions. The protective box is fixed to the vehicle body with bolts, making disassembly convenient.

4. The method for switching the range of a dual-battery electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, both battery packs are initially disconnected and power can only be supplied by manually operating the control switch, which prevents the battery packs from discharging themselves when the electric vehicle is idle and extends the battery life. After inserting the key and turning it to the power position, the electric vehicle's instrument panel will display the current battery pack's on / off status. If no control switch is closed, the instrument panel will display a "Battery not connected" message. If one of the control switches is closed, the instrument panel will display the corresponding battery pack's charge, voltage, and other parameters, allowing users to monitor the battery status in real time and perform timely switching operations.

5. The method for switching the range of a dual-battery electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the specific process of the switching operation is as follows: First, the user releases the accelerator of the electric vehicle to bring it to a standstill (if it is in motion, it needs to be slowed down to a stop and the handbrake engaged). Then manually disconnect the control switch corresponding to the current power supply battery pack, observe the instrument display, and confirm that the battery pack has been disconnected (the corresponding battery pack parameters disappear from the instrument display). Then insert the electric vehicle key (if the key is already inserted, keep the power on position and do not need to be inserted or removed repeatedly). Finally, manually close the control switch corresponding to the other battery pack, observe the instrument display, and confirm that the battery pack is turned on (the instrument displays the corresponding battery pack's charge and voltage parameters), thus completing the switching. During the switching process, the switching interval between the two control switches should not be less than 2 seconds to avoid frequent switching in a short period of time, which could cause circuit shock and damage to the battery pack or power control system.

6. The method for switching the range of a dual-battery electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the troubleshooting steps for the lead-acid battery pack not working properly (stationary state) after switching include: First, check if the first control switch corresponding to the lead-acid battery pack is fully closed. If the switch is not fully closed, close the switch again. The second step is to check whether the wiring terminals of the lead-acid battery pack are loose or detached. If they are loose, tighten the wiring terminals again to ensure that the wiring is secure. The third step is to check if the lead-acid battery pack has sufficient power. If it is depleted, charge the lead-acid battery pack before switching. Fourth, check whether the connection cable between the lead-acid battery pack and the power control system is damaged or short-circuited. If it is damaged, replace the connection cable before switching. By following the above troubleshooting steps, we can ensure that the lead-acid battery pack can supply power normally after the switch, and avoid power supply abnormalities caused by improper operation or line problems.

7. The method for switching the range of a dual-battery electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lead-acid battery pack uses maintenance-free lead-acid batteries, which do not require periodic addition of electrolyte. The operating temperature range is -10℃ to 45℃. The discharge capacity retention rate is not less than 70% under low temperature environment (-10℃ to 0℃) and not less than 85% under high temperature environment (35℃ to 45℃). The lithium battery pack uses lithium iron phosphate batteries, which have no memory effect and can be used in a temperature range of -20℃ to 55℃. The discharge capacity retention rate is no less than 65% in low temperature environments (-20℃ to 0℃) and no less than 80% in high temperature environments (45℃ to 55℃). The operating temperature ranges of the two battery packs are complementary, ensuring that the electric vehicle can be used normally in different environments.

8. The method for switching the range of a dual-battery electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery mounting bracket is provided with heat dissipation holes with a diameter of 3-5mm and a spacing of 10-15mm, which are evenly distributed on the surface of the bracket to dissipate heat from the battery pack and prevent the battery pack from overheating during charging or discharging, which would affect battery performance and lifespan. Meanwhile, the bracket is equipped with positioning buckles to fix the battery pack terminals and prevent poor contact caused by shaking. The positioning buckles are made of elastic rubber, which has a good cushioning effect and can adapt to slight deformation of the battery pack.

9. The method for switching the range of a dual-battery electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first and second control switches are equipped with an anti-accidental contact structure, which is a press-type locking button. The locking button must be pressed before the switch can be turned on, to prevent the user from accidentally touching the switch during driving, which could cause the battery pack to disconnect suddenly and create a safety hazard. Meanwhile, the switch has a toggle travel of 5-8mm and a toggle force of 5-10N, providing a comfortable operating feel and facilitating quick operation. Furthermore, the switch has a service life of no less than 10,000 cycles, ensuring long-term stable use.

10. The method for switching the range of a dual-battery electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes battery pack maintenance steps: Regularly check the power levels of both battery packs. If the power level of one battery pack is below 20%, charge it promptly to avoid over-discharge. Regularly check the contact status of the control switch. If the switch has problems such as poor contact or jamming, clean or replace it in time. Regularly inspect the battery pack's terminals and connecting wires, and promptly address any issues such as oxidation or damage. Regular maintenance extends the lifespan of the battery pack and control switches, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the dual-battery switching range method, while further improving the range stability and safety of electric vehicles.

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