High-extraction ion source high-voltage water-gas connection structure and operation method

Abstract

The application discloses a high-extraction-energy ion source high-pressure water-gas connection structure and an operation method. The structure comprises a hydrogen gas adjusting pipeline and a water cooling isolation pipeline, and the hydrogen gas pipeline is replaced with a mechanical needle valve arranged in a high-voltage area of-35 kV to replace an electronic hydrogen gas flowmeter on the ground side; the water cooling pipeline is provided with an isolation water distribution row, a high-pressure water distribution row, a high-pressure water bearing pipe and a ground water pipe, all water cooling branches are connected with the high-pressure water distribution row, and only the high-pressure water bearing pipe bears a complete pressure difference from 0 V to-35 kV. The method comprises the following steps: using the above water-gas connection structure, eliminating the hidden trouble of gas path ignition by using the high-pressure mechanical needle valve, and relying on the double water distribution rows to segment the water path and uniformly distribute the high-voltage electric field. The application can prevent the faults of electronic element induction high voltage, electromagnetic interference control system and the like; only the high-pressure water pipe needs to be replaced to adapt to higher negative high pressure, the ion source main body does not need to be changed, the operation safety and long-term stability of the ion source under high extraction voltage are significantly improved, and the application is suitable for the negative hydrogen ion source beam extraction scene of a cyclotron.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of cyclotron beam extraction and related technologies, and particularly relates to a high-pressure water-gas connection structure and operation method for a high extraction energy ion source. Background Technology

[0002] The negative hydrogen ion source of the cyclotron is the core starting component for beam generation. The ion source is mounted on a high-voltage insulated platform and operates at a negative high-voltage potential of -35kV for a long time. The hydrogen supply unit and water-cooled circulation unit are both grounded 0V potential devices. The gas supply and water cooling pipelines need to cross the grounded low-voltage area and the high-voltage area of ​​the ion source. The insulation layout of the pipeline directly determines the operational safety and stability of the ion source under high-voltage conditions.

[0003] Existing ion source water-gas connection structures, such as Figure 1 As shown, hydrogen pipelines generally adopt a two-section layout, dividing the pipeline into a high-pressure section (hydrogen pipe A) and a grounded section (hydrogen pipe B) at the grounding support, thus defining the high and low pressure pipeline sections. However, the traditional solution places the electronic hydrogen flow meter used for hydrogen flow regulation between the two pipeline sections on the 0V grounding side. The electronic flow meter contains precision electronic components such as circuit boards and sensor chips, which are highly susceptible to generating stray high voltage in environments near high-voltage electric fields, leading to sparking at the tip and insulation breakdown. At the same time, the electromagnetic interference generated by the high-voltage discharge can enter the PLC control system on the grounding side through the line, causing flow acquisition failure, unit shutdown due to over-provisioning, and inability to adapt to higher-level negative high-voltage output conditions.

[0004] As shown in Figure 2, existing water-cooled piping systems use a single, straight-through water pipe to directly connect the grounded water-cooled unit to the high-voltage ion source, without a dedicated potential demarcation component. Multiple water-cooled branches directly and dispersedly cross high and low voltage areas, resulting in a chaotic pipe layout that easily leads to localized electric field concentration. The entire water system lacks segmented pressure-bearing design, requiring the entire pipe to withstand the voltage difference from 0V to the operating negative high voltage. This results in high insulation withstand pressure, making it highly susceptible to surface discharge and water system insulation breakdown faults when increasing the ion source's extracted energy and raising the negative high voltage level.

[0005] In summary, existing water-gas connection structures, relying on simple pipeline segmentation, can only meet the operational requirements of lower voltage levels. The defects in the potential arrangement of flow control components and the lack of a centralized isolation voltage divider structure in the water-cooled pipeline limit the upgrading of the ion source's extracted energy, making it difficult to achieve long-term stable operation under high voltage conditions of -35kV and above. There is an urgent need for a high-voltage water-gas connection structure for ion sources that can adapt to high negative and high voltage environments and take into account both the reliability of gas supply regulation and the safety of water circuit insulation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the problems existing in the prior art by proposing a high-pressure water-gas connection structure and operation method for a high-energy extraction ion source. The aim is to solve the problem that placing the electronic flowmeter on the grounding side in the existing ion source gas circuit can easily cause sparking and interfere with the control system due to its proximity to the high-voltage electric field. At the same time, it overcomes the defects of water-cooled pipelines with single-pipe straight-through and branch-dispersed cross-voltage causing electric field concentration and easy insulation breakdown under high voltage.

[0007] To solve its technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A high-energy extraction ion source high-pressure water-gas connection structure is provided. The ion source is set on a negative high-voltage platform and is at a high voltage potential of -35kV, while the grounding side equipment is at a potential of 0V. The structure is characterized by including a hydrogen regulating pipeline structure and a water-cooled isolation pipeline structure.

[0009] The hydrogen regulating pipeline structure includes a mechanical needle valve, which replaces the traditional electronic hydrogen flow meter located on the 0V grounding side and uses a purely mechanical structure to regulate the hydrogen flow. The mechanical needle valve is located on the ion source side and connected to the hydrogen interface of the ion source. The entire system is located in the -35kV high-voltage potential region, far away from the grounding side potential range, completely avoiding the problems of induced high voltage, tip discharge and electric field interference caused by the electronic flow meter under high-voltage conditions.

[0010] The water-cooled isolation pipeline structure includes an isolation water distribution busbar, a high-pressure water distribution busbar, a high-pressure pressurized water pipe A, and a grounding-side water pipe B. The isolation water distribution busbar is installed on a 0V grounding bracket and connected to the grounding-side water-cooled unit. The high-pressure water distribution busbar is installed on the -35kV high-voltage side and is centrally connected to all water-cooled branch interfaces of the ion source. The isolation water distribution busbar and the high-pressure water distribution busbar are connected through the high-pressure pressurized water pipe A, so that the high-pressure pressurized water pipe A can bear the entire voltage difference from 0V to -35kV, while the grounding-side water pipe B is at zero potential throughout, realizing complete segmented isolation of high and low pressure in the water-cooled pipeline.

[0011] Furthermore, all ion source water-cooling branches are connected to the high-pressure water distribution drain, which is then uniformly connected to the high-pressure pressurized water pipe, thus abandoning the arrangement method of directly and separately connecting multiple water-cooling branches across high and low pressure zones.

[0012] Furthermore, the high-pressure water distribution drain adopts a large circular arc blunt shape structure to eliminate the sharp metal corner structure, greatly and uniformly distribute the electric field on the high-voltage side, and suppress the risk of corona discharge and insulation breakdown caused by local field strength concentration.

[0013] Furthermore, the isolation water distribution drain serves as a high-low voltage potential boundary component of the water cooling system, isolating the grounded equipment from direct potential conduction with the high-voltage water circuit.

[0014] Furthermore, the high-pressure pressurized water pipe is designed to bear the entire high and low pressure difference independently, and the grounded water pipe does not need to withstand the high-voltage electric field.

[0015] Furthermore, the overall water-air connection structure can be adapted to higher-level negative high-pressure ion source conditions simply by changing the insulation and pressure resistance specifications of the high-pressure water pipe. The structure has strong scalability and does not require changes to the layout of the main equipment.

[0016] A method for stable high-voltage operation of a cyclotron negative hydrogen ion source, characterized by the following steps:

[0017] Step A: Employ the high-pressure water-gas isolation connection structure for the ion source as described in any one of claims 1 to 6;

[0018] Step B: Eliminate the risk of high-pressure sparking in the gas circuit by controlling the flow through a purely mechanical needle valve on the high-pressure side;

[0019] Step C: By using a dual-distribution water drainage system to isolate the water circuit, the high-voltage electric field is homogenized, enabling the ion source to operate stably for a long time under a high extraction voltage of -35kV. Advantages and effects of the present invention

[0020] 1. Significantly improved safety of hydrogen supply circuit: The flow regulation element is replaced by a mechanical needle valve on the high-pressure side instead of an electronic flow meter on the ground side. There are no more electronic devices such as circuit boards and sensor chips in the high-pressure area that are susceptible to electric field influence. This completely eliminates the problems of tip arcing and insulation breakdown caused by induced stray high voltage. At the same time, it avoids high-voltage discharge interference with the PLC control system at the ground end, ensuring continuous and stable hydrogen flow regulation in a -35kV high-voltage environment.

[0021] 2. Significantly enhanced insulation withstand voltage of water-cooled circuit: By isolating the water distribution drain and the high-voltage water distribution drain to form a clear high and low voltage potential boundary, the water-cooled pipeline is divided into a grounded normal pressure section and a high-voltage bearing section. Only the intermediate insulated pipeline bears the full voltage difference of 0V~-35kV, reducing the insulation load of the other pipelines. At the same time, all water-cooled branches converge at the high-voltage water distribution drain, which organizes the pipeline layout, suppresses the local electric field concentration caused by the dispersed pipelines, and greatly reduces the risk of surface discharge and water circuit breakdown.

[0022] 3. Strong structural versatility and easy to upgrade to high voltage level: This invention does not require modification of the main structure of the ion source equipment. Only the specifications of the insulating pipe material of the high voltage section pipeline need to be changed to adapt to higher negative high voltage conditions. The modification cost is low and the amount of modification is small when increasing the beam extraction energy in the future, and the scalability is excellent.

[0023] 4. Improved overall equipment stability: The gas and water circuits are designed with potential partition isolation, which greatly reduces the failure rate of the water-gas system under high negative and high pressure environments. It can support the long-term continuous and stable operation of the cyclotron ion source and meet the industrial use requirements of high-energy beam extraction. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1A schematic diagram of an existing electronic hydrogen flow meter placed at 0 potential;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating existing technology where water and gas pipelines are directly connected to the ion source from the grounding equipment.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical needle valve and segmented hydrogen pipeline of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the segmented waterway for isolating the water drain in this invention; Detailed Implementation Innovation of this invention

[0028] 1. In existing technologies, hydrogen electronic flow meters, due to their inclusion of weak electrical circuits and sensing structures, are susceptible to interference from a -35kV high-voltage electric field and are prone to arcing damage, and are generally installed on the 0V grounding side. This application adopts a reverse innovative design, abandoning the electronic flow meter and replacing it with a purely mechanical needle valve without circuitry. The flow control mechanism is moved from the grounding side to the negative high-voltage platform, eliminating the defects of electronic components being installed across high and low potentials, avoiding high-voltage interference and the risk of device damage, breaking through the industry's fixed mindset, and is a non-obvious technological innovation.

[0029] 2. Dual innovation in water circuit: 1) The structure adds two sets of dedicated water distribution drains: the grounding side isolation water distribution drain (high and low pressure boundary point) and the ion source side high pressure water distribution drain (high pressure side centralized convergence); 2) Forced segmentation of water circuit is achieved by relying on the isolation water distribution drain: the main water pipe A bears the pressure difference of 0V~-35kV alone, and the main water pipe B is grounded to 0V throughout; the existing technology does not have a segmentation design that relies on the water distribution drain for physical separation, but is just a complete pipeline that crosses pressure. Design principle of the invention

[0030] one, Figure 1 (Existing gas path technology) and Figure 3 Comparative Analysis of the Gas Path of this Invention

[0031] 1. Component replacement relationship: Existing technology Figure 1 An electronic hydrogen flow meter is installed between the high and low pressure hydrogen pipelines (hydrogen pipeline A and hydrogen pipeline B) and at the 0V grounding bracket location; this invention Figure 3 The electronic hydrogen flow meter on the grounding side was directly eliminated, and a mechanical needle valve was added at the hydrogen interface of the ion source on the -35kV high-voltage side. The pure mechanical needle valve completely replaced the original electronic hydrogen flow meter to complete the hydrogen flow regulation.

[0032] 2. Reasons for Replacement: Industry standard design practices typically place electronic flowmeters in the grounded 0V region, assuming that electronic control components should not be placed in high-voltage areas. However, electronic flowmeters have built-in circuit boards and sensor chips, making them highly susceptible to stray high voltage when placed near a -35kV high-voltage electric field. This can lead to sparking at the tip and insulation breakdown in the pipeline. Simultaneously, high-voltage discharge generates electromagnetic interference, which is transmitted along the signal line to the grounded PLC control system, causing flow acquisition failure and erroneous unit shutdown, failing to meet the requirements for long-term operation under high negative and high pressure. Mechanical needle valves, on the other hand, have no electronic components or sensor circuits. They rely solely on mechanical structure to adjust the ventilation cross-sectional area to control flow, eliminating the problems of induced high voltage and electromagnetic interference. Therefore, they can be directly placed in the high-voltage potential region of the ion source, eliminating the potential for high-voltage faults in the gas path at the source.

[0033] 3. Gas Circuit Design Principle: This invention retains the original two-stage hydrogen pipeline layout as a high- and low-pressure potential separation carrier, removes the flow detection component with electronic control elements on the grounding side, and transfers the flow regulation function to the mechanical structure on the high-pressure side. Utilizing the characteristics of purely mechanical components that do not induce electric fields and are not affected by high-voltage discharge interference, hydrogen flow regulation is directly completed in the -35kV high-voltage range, completely eliminating the sparking and control system interference defects caused by electronic components crossing high and low potentials, and achieving continuous and safe operation of the gas supply circuit under high-voltage conditions.

[0034] two, Figure 2 (Existing technology waterway) and Figure 4 Comparative analysis of the waterway system in this invention:

[0035] 1. Comparison of component replacement / addition of components: Existing technology Figure 2 Water circuit structure: Only simple branch water distribution pipes are set up, and a single straight main water pipe directly connects the 0V water-cooled unit and the -35kV ion source. There are no independent potential boundary components, and each water-cooled branch is dispersedly connected across the high and low voltage ranges; This invention Figure 4 The original simple single-pipe straight-through water circuit structure was abandoned, and a new dual water distribution assembly with an isolation water distribution busbar and a high-pressure water distribution busbar was added. The original single cross-pressure main water pipe was split into two sections: the grounded main water pipe B and the high-pressure main water pipe A. The isolation water distribution busbar is installed on the 0V grounding bracket and serves as a physical boundary between the high and low pressure water circuits. The high-pressure water distribution busbar is located on the -35kV ion source side, and all water-cooled branches converge to this water distribution busbar before connecting to the high-pressure main water pipe A.

[0036] 2. Reasons for replacing and adding components: Existing technology relies on a single complete water pipe to cross the full voltage difference from 0V to -35kV. The entire pipeline bears high voltage throughout, resulting in an extremely high insulation load. Furthermore, multiple water-cooled branches are scattered across high and low voltage areas, and the disorderly arrangement of metal pipes can cause local electric field concentration, making it highly susceptible to corona discharge and water circuit insulation breakdown. The probability of failure increases significantly with the increase in voltage level. Adding a dual water distribution busbar can achieve a hard separation of water circuit potential: the isolation water distribution busbar isolates the grounding equipment from direct conduction with the high-pressure water circuit. The high-pressure bearing water pipe A bears the entire voltage difference from 0V to -35kV alone, while the grounded main water pipe B is at zero potential throughout, significantly reducing the insulation pressure of most pipelines. The high-pressure water distribution busbar centrally collects all water-cooled branches, standardizes the pipeline layout, and uses a large arc blunt shape to eliminate metal sharp corners, uniformly distributing the electric field strength on the high-pressure side and avoiding single-point excessive field strength that could induce breakdown faults.

[0037] 3. Water circuit design principle: Based on the isolation water distribution drain and high-pressure water distribution drain, a clear high and low voltage potential boundary is established. The water cooling pipeline is designed to bear pressure in sections. Only the middle high-pressure water pipe bears the complete pressure difference, and the other grounded pipelines have no high-pressure load. All ion source water cooling branches are uniformly connected to the high-pressure water distribution drain and then connected to the cross-pressure pipeline to eliminate the electric field distortion and local field strength concentration problems caused by the scattered branches. The overall insulation withstand voltage performance of the water circuit is improved through structural optimization, which is suitable for high negative and high voltage conditions of -35kV and above.

[0038] Based on the above principles, this invention designs a high-energy ion source high-pressure water-gas connection structure, such as... Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the ion source is set on a negative high-voltage platform and is at a high voltage potential of -35kV, while the grounding side equipment is at a potential of 0V. Its characteristic is that the structure includes a hydrogen regulating pipeline structure and a water-cooled isolation pipeline structure.

[0039] The hydrogen regulating pipeline structure includes a mechanical needle valve, which replaces the traditional electronic hydrogen flow meter located on the 0V grounding side and uses a purely mechanical structure to regulate the hydrogen flow. The mechanical needle valve is located on the ion source side and connected to the hydrogen interface of the ion source. The entire system is located in the -35kV high-voltage potential region, far away from the grounding side potential range, completely avoiding the problems of induced high voltage, tip discharge and electric field interference caused by the electronic flow meter under high-voltage conditions.

[0040] The water-cooled isolation pipeline structure includes an isolation water distribution busbar, a high-pressure water distribution busbar, a high-pressure pressurized water pipe A, and a grounding-side water pipe B. The isolation water distribution busbar is installed on a 0V grounding bracket and connected to the grounding-side water-cooled unit. The high-pressure water distribution busbar is installed on the -35kV high-voltage side and is centrally connected to all water-cooled branch interfaces of the ion source. The isolation water distribution busbar and the high-pressure water distribution busbar are connected through the high-pressure pressurized water pipe A, so that the high-pressure pressurized water pipe A can bear the entire voltage difference from 0V to -35kV, while the grounding-side water pipe B is at zero potential throughout, realizing complete segmented isolation of high and low pressure in the water-cooled pipeline.

[0041] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, all ion source water-cooling branches are connected to the high-pressure water distribution line, which is then connected to the high-pressure pressurized water pipe, thus eliminating the previous arrangement of multiple water-cooling branches directly bridging the high and low pressure zones.

[0042] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the high-pressure water distribution drain adopts a large circular arc blunt shape structure to eliminate the sharp metal corner structure, and the electric field distribution on the high-voltage side is significantly more uniform, suppressing the risk of corona discharge and insulation breakdown caused by local field strength concentration.

[0043] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the isolation water distribution drain serves as a high-low voltage potential boundary component of the water cooling system, isolating the grounding side equipment from direct potential conduction with the high-voltage side water circuit.

[0044] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the high-pressure pressurized water pipe is designed to bear the entire high and low pressure difference independently, and the grounded water pipe does not need to withstand the high-voltage electric field.

[0045] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the overall water-air connection structure can be adapted to higher-level negative high-pressure ion source conditions simply by changing the insulation pressure resistance specification of the high-pressure water pipe. The structure has strong scalability and does not require changes to the layout of the main equipment.

[0046] A method for stable high-voltage operation of a cyclotron negative hydrogen ion source, characterized by the following steps:

[0047] Step A: Employ the high-pressure water-gas isolation connection structure for the ion source as described in any one of claims 1 to 6;

[0048] Step B: Eliminate the risk of high-pressure sparking in the gas circuit by controlling the flow through a purely mechanical needle valve on the high-pressure side;

[0049] Step C: By using a dual-distribution water drainage system to isolate the water circuit, the high-voltage electric field is homogenized, enabling the ion source to operate stably for a long time under a high extraction voltage of -35kV.

[0050] It should be emphasized that the above specific embodiments are merely explanations of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to the above embodiments without contributing any inventive step, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A high-energy extraction ion source high-pressure water-gas connection structure, wherein the ion source is set on a negative high-voltage platform and is at a -35kV high-voltage potential, and the grounding side equipment is at a 0V potential, characterized in that, The structure includes a hydrogen regulation pipeline structure and a water-cooled isolation pipeline structure; The hydrogen regulating pipeline structure includes a mechanical needle valve, which replaces the traditional electronic hydrogen flow meter located on the 0V grounding side and uses a purely mechanical structure to regulate the hydrogen flow. The mechanical needle valve is located on the ion source side and connected to the hydrogen interface of the ion source. The entire system is located in the -35kV high-voltage potential region, far away from the grounding side potential range, completely avoiding the problems of induced high voltage, tip discharge and electric field interference caused by the electronic flow meter under high-voltage conditions. The water-cooled isolation pipeline structure includes an isolation water distribution busbar, a high-pressure water distribution busbar, a high-pressure pressurized water pipe A, and a grounding-side water pipe B. The isolation water distribution busbar is installed on a 0V grounding bracket and connected to the grounding-side water-cooled unit. The high-pressure water distribution busbar is installed on the -35kV high-voltage side and is centrally connected to all water-cooled branch interfaces of the ion source. The isolation water distribution busbar and the high-pressure water distribution busbar are connected through the high-pressure pressurized water pipe A, so that the high-pressure pressurized water pipe A can bear the entire voltage difference from 0V to -35kV, while the grounding-side water pipe B is at zero potential throughout, realizing complete segmented isolation of high and low pressure in the water-cooled pipeline.

2. The high-pressure water-gas connection structure for a high-energy ion source according to claim 1, characterized in that, All ion source water-cooling branches are connected to the high-pressure water distribution line, which is then connected to the high-pressure pressurized water pipe, thus eliminating the previous arrangement of multiple water-cooling branches directly bridging the high and low pressure zones.

3. The high-pressure water-gas connection structure for a high-energy ion source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-pressure water distribution drain adopts a large circular arc blunt shape structure to eliminate the sharp metal corner structure, and the electric field distribution on the high-voltage side is significantly more uniform, suppressing the risk of corona discharge and insulation breakdown caused by local field strength concentration.

4. The high-pressure water-gas connection structure for a high-energy ion source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation water distribution drain serves as a high- and low-voltage potential boundary component of the water cooling system, isolating the grounded equipment from direct potential conduction between the high-voltage side water circuit and the grounding side equipment.

5. The high-pressure water-gas connection structure for a high-energy ion source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-pressure water pipe is designed to bear the entire pressure difference between high and low pressures independently, and the grounded water pipe does not need to withstand the high-voltage electric field.

6. The high-pressure water-gas connection structure for a high-energy ion source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overall water-air connection structure can be adapted to higher-level negative high-pressure ion source conditions simply by changing the insulation and pressure resistance specifications of the high-pressure water pipe. The structure has strong scalability and does not require changes to the layout of the main equipment.

7. A method for stable high-pressure operation of a cyclotron negative hydrogen ion source based on a high-pressure water-gas connection structure of a high-energy ion source according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step A: Adopt a high-energy extraction ion source and a high-pressure water-gas connection structure; Step B: Eliminate the risk of high-pressure sparking in the gas circuit by controlling the flow through a purely mechanical needle valve on the high-pressure side; Step C: By using a dual-distribution water drainage system to isolate the water circuit, the high-voltage electric field is homogenized, enabling the ion source to operate stably for a long time under a high extraction voltage of -35kV.

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