Automatic control device for drop distance of standard penetration test
By designing an automated standard test dropout control device, the problems of long operating time and uneven energy in the prior art are solved, the automated operation and energy consistency of the test device are achieved, and the testing efficiency and accuracy are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420569517.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-22
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-03-22
AI Technical Summary
In the existing standard penetration test, the downward and upward penetration device take up a long time, and the labor efficiency is low, resulting in an increase in testing costs. As the depth increases, the energy dissipation of the rod force transmission system and the number of joints increases, affecting the N value. accuracy and consistency.
Design an automatic control device for the standard test drop distance, including sleeve, guide groove, piercing hammer, automatic decoupling mechanism, hoist, sensor and distance measurement device, and automatically control the drop distance and depth measurement of the hammer device to ensure The energy of each test is equal, reducing manual operation, and improving test accuracy and efficiency.
The automated operation of the test device is realized, which saves installation time, ensures the consistency of energy per test, improves the accuracy and reliability of test results, and reduces the complexity of manual operation and testing costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN222183290U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of standard penetration test, in particular to an automatic control device for drop distance of a standard penetration test. Background Art
[0002] The standard penetration test is a type of dynamic probing, which is a method for determining the bearing capacity of sand or clay foundations on site. This method has been included in the Chinese National "Design Code for Industrial and Civil Building Foundations". It uses a certain hammering function (hammer weight 63.5kg, drop distance 76cm) to drive a certain specification of split-tube penetrator (split tube outer diameter 51mm, inner diameter 35mm, length greater than 457mm, lower end connection length 76mm, blade angle 18°~20°, blade end thickness 1.6mm pipe shoe, upper end connected to drill rod) into the soil at the bottom of the borehole, and judge the changes in the soil layer and the engineering properties of the soil based on the penetration impedance of the soil.
[0003] However, the lowering and lifting of the penetrator in the existing standard penetration test takes a long time, has low work efficiency, and increases the test cost. As the depth increases, the mass of the rod force transmission system and the number of joints increase simultaneously. Affected by factors such as the energy dissipation of the force transmission system, the verticality of the borehole, and the tightness of the joints, the N value has a large discreteness. Utility Model Content
[0004] The utility model aims to provide an automatic control device for the drop distance of a standard penetration test to solve the problem in the prior art that the hoist overworks and pulls the test device upward, thereby affecting the test accuracy.
[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solution: a standard penetration test drop distance automatic control device, which includes:
[0006] A sleeve, wherein a guide groove is provided in the sleeve;
[0007] A core hammer is located in the guide groove and can slide along the guide groove;
[0008] The automatic unhooking mechanism is located in the guide groove and is used to lift the hammer to a certain height and then release it;
[0009] Support frame,
[0010] A winch, installed at the top of the support frame as a power output end, is used to drive the automatic unhooking mechanism to move along the guide groove;
[0011] The sensor is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve and is used to control the start and stop of the winch.
[0012] Furthermore, the sensor is installed within a distance of less than 10 cm from the top end of the guide groove and more than 76 cm from the bottom end of the guide groove.
[0013] Furthermore, a guide rod is vertically arranged on the center line of the guide groove, and the guide rod is used to ensure that the core hammer remains vertical during the falling process.
[0014] Furthermore, a through hole for the guide rod to pass through is arranged on the center line of the core piercing hammer, and a plurality of exhaust holes are evenly arranged on the outer wall of the core piercing hammer.
[0015] Furthermore, a hammer pad is installed at the bottom end of the guide groove.
[0016] Furthermore, an end cover is installed on the top end of the sleeve, and a lifting hole connected to the guide groove is provided on the end cover.
[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a distance measuring device for measuring the standard penetration depth, the distance measuring device includes
[0018] The roller is installed on the output end of the winch and rotates as the rope is retracted and released;
[0019] An angle recorder, mounted on the roller to record the rotation angle of the roller;
[0020] Check block, installed on the winch to limit the position of the automatic unhooking mechanism;
[0021] A push switch, mounted on the check block, is used to control the opening and closing of the angle recorder;
[0022] A processor, mounted on the support frame, used to convert the data of the angle recorder into the rope retraction and release length and record it;
[0023] The recording switch is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve and is used to control the processor to record data.
[0024] Furthermore, the recording switch is installed at a distance of 76 cm from the bottom end of the guide groove.
[0025] Furthermore, two inspection windows for maintaining the recording switch and the sensor are arranged on the side wall of the sleeve.
[0026] After adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:
[0027] Flexible ropes are used to directly lower the hammer device and penetrator to the test position to save test installation time. At the same time, the core hammer is enclosed in a sleeve with an automatic unhooking device. The hammer energy directly acts on the rock and soil layer at the test position to ensure that the energy of each test is equal at different depths. A sensor is provided on the inner wall of the sleeve. When the automatic unhooking mechanism passes through the sensor, the sensor controls the winch to stop running and limits the lifting stroke of the drop hammer, so that the test process does not rely on manual visual inspection and prevents the automatic unhooking mechanism from lifting up and causing the sleeve to be pulled up.
[0028] The hammer energy is transmitted to the test soil layer through the rod system, and the connection time of the rods affects the efficiency of the test implementation; therefore, this scheme uses a winch to directly hoist the hammer device and penetrator to the test location to save test installation time.
[0029] As the test depth increases, the test energy acting on the rock and soil layer each time is unstable due to the influence of the tightness and verticality of the rod connection; this scheme encloses the core hammer in a sleeve, and an automatic unhooking device is provided in the sleeve. The hammer energy directly acts on the rock and soil layer at the test position to ensure that the energy of each test is equal at different depths. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.
[0031] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model.
[0032] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sleeve in the utility model.
[0033] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the sleeve in the utility model.
[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the core hammer in the utility model.
[0035] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: sleeve 1, guide groove 11, hammer pad 12, end cover 1, lifting hole 131, inspection window 14, core hammer 2, through hole 21, exhaust hole 22, automatic unhooking mechanism 3, support frame 4, winch 5, sensor 6, guide rod 7, roller 81, angle recorder 82, check block 83, push switch 84, processor 85, recording switch 86, penetrator 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0036] See also Figure 1-4 As shown, the technical solution adopted in this specific embodiment is: an automatic control device for the drop distance of a standard penetration test, which includes:
[0037] The sleeve 1 is connected to the penetrator 9, and a guide groove 11 is provided in the sleeve 1; the length of the guide groove 11 is greater than 86 cm;
[0038] The core piercing hammer 2 is located in the guide groove 11 and can slide along the guide groove 11; the core piercing hammer 2 weighs 63.5 kg;
[0039] The automatic unhooking mechanism 3 is located in the guide groove 11 and is used to lift the core hammer 2 to a height of 76 cm from the bottom end of the guide groove 11 and then release it; ensuring that the core hammer 2 is automatically released at a height of 76 cm, thereby ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of the test;
[0040] Support frame 4;
[0041] A winch 5 is installed at the top of the support frame 4 as a power output end, and is used to drive the automatic unhooking mechanism 3 to move along the guide groove 11;
[0042] The sensor 6 is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve 1 and is used to control the start and stop of the winch 5 to prevent the winch 5 from overworking and pulling the sleeve 1 upward. In this embodiment, the sensor 6 is a grating.
[0043] The arrangement of the sleeve 1 and the guide groove 11 can ensure that the core hammer 2 maintains a stable track and direction during the test, thereby improving the reliability of the test results.
[0044] The application of the winch 5 and the sensor 6 makes the test operation more automated, reduces the complexity of manual operation, and improves the efficiency of the test.
[0045] In the specific process, the winch 5 is moved to the top of the borehole, and then the sleeve 1 is hoisted to the test position. Then the automatic unhooking mechanism 3 moves downward to grab the core hammer 2, and brings it to 76 cm from the bottom of the guide groove 11 and then unlocks it, so that the core hammer 2 can only fall to hammer the sleeve 1. After the automatic unhooking mechanism 3 unlocks the core hammer 2, it continues to move upward until it passes the sensor 6. The sensor 6 stops the winch 5 to prevent the automatic unhooking mechanism 3 from continuing to rise and pull up the sleeve 1. The distance measuring device records the length of the rope lowered from the bottom of the sleeve 1 to the test position and the distance the sleeve 1 is driven into the soil after each hammering.
[0046] In a specific embodiment, the sensor 6 is installed within a distance of 10 cm below the top of the guide groove 11 and 76 cm above the bottom of the guide groove 11. The sensor 6 is installed 10 cm below the top of the guide groove 11 to prevent the automatic unhooking mechanism 3 from continuing to move upward due to inertia when the winch 5 stops working.
[0047] In a specific embodiment, a guide rod 7 is vertically arranged on the center line of the guide groove 11, and the guide rod 7 is used to ensure that the core hammer 2 remains vertical during the falling process, thereby improving the accuracy of the test data.
[0048] In a specific embodiment, a through hole 21 for the guide rod 7 to pass through is provided on the center line of the core piercing hammer 2, which can ensure that the core piercing hammer 2 remains vertical during the falling process and improve the accuracy of the test. A plurality of exhaust holes 22 are evenly provided on the outer wall of the core piercing hammer 2, which helps to reduce the air resistance when the core piercing hammer 2 falls, thereby making the test data more accurate and effectively preventing the influence of the vacuum effect on the test data, thereby ensuring the reliability of the test results.
[0049] In a specific embodiment, a hammer pad 12 is installed at one end of the guide groove 11 close to the penetrator 9. In the standard penetration test, the hammer pad 12 is usually used as a shock absorbing and protective device. It is located at the bottom of the guide groove 11, and its main function is to reduce the damage to the test equipment during the impact, and at the same time, it can reduce the additional impact on the foundation. The hammer pad 12 can help to evenly transmit the impact force, reduce unnecessary vibration, and ensure the accuracy and reliability of the standard penetration test.
[0050] In a specific embodiment, an end cap 13 is installed at the top of the sleeve 1, and a lifting hole 131 connected to the guide groove 11 is provided on the end cap 13. The provision of the end cap 13 allows the user to easily install, disassemble or adjust the automatic unhooking mechanism 3, thereby improving the convenience and efficiency of operation.
[0051] In a specific embodiment, the device further comprises a distance measuring device for measuring the standard penetration depth, and the distance measuring device comprises:
[0052] The roller 81 is mounted on the output end of the motor and rotates as the rope is retracted and released;
[0053] An angle recorder 82, mounted on the roller 81 and used to record the rotation angle of the roller 81;
[0054] The check block 83 is installed on the winch 5 to limit the position of the automatic unhooking mechanism 3 , thereby ensuring the safety during the lifting process and preventing the sleeve 1 from colliding with the winch 5 .
[0055] The push switch 84 is installed on the check block 83 and is used to control the opening and closing of the angle recorder 82; the automatic control of the measurement process is realized, the operation process is simplified, and the work efficiency is improved;
[0056] The processor 85 is installed on the tripod and is used to convert the data of the angle recorder 82 into the rope retracted and released length and record it; it realizes the data processing and recording functions, which is convenient for subsequent data analysis and management;
[0057] The recording switch 86 is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve 1 and is used to control the processor 85 to record data.
[0058] The roller 81 is installed at the output end of the motor and rotates as the rope is retracted and released. The angle recorder 82 records the rotation angle of the roller 81, and the retracted and released length of the rope can be accurately measured, thereby improving the accuracy of the measurement.
[0059] In the specific process, the motor starts the check block 83 to release the contact with the motor, presses the switch 84 to start the angle recorder 82, and the angle recorder 82 transmits the data to the processor 85, and the processor 85 converts the data of the angle recorder 82 into the length of the rope lowered. When the automatic unhooking mechanism 3 passes through the recording switch 86, the processor 85 records the length of the rope below at this time. Since each hammering of the automatic unhooking mechanism 3 needs to pass through the recording switch 86, and the recording switch 86 is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve 1, this causes the recording switch 86 to move downward as the penetrator 9 is driven into the soil, thereby obtaining the depth of the penetrator 9 driven into the soil each time the hammer is struck.
[0060] The distance measuring device structure has the advantages of precise measurement, automatic control, data processing and recording, convenient operation and comprehensive functions. It is suitable for various scenarios that require measuring standard penetration depth, and improves the measurement accuracy and efficiency.
[0061] In a specific embodiment, the recording switch 86 is installed at a distance of 76 cm from the bottom end of the guide groove 11. Each time the hammer strikes the automatic unhooking mechanism 3, it must pass through the distance of 76 cm.
[0062] In a specific embodiment, two inspection windows 14 for maintaining the recording switch 86 and the sensor 6 are provided on the side wall of the sleeve 1 .
[0063] The working principle of this utility model:
[0064] In the first step, the in-situ standard penetration test device is moved above the borehole and the penetrator 9 is installed on the sleeve 1.
[0065] In the second step, the hoist 5 is used to hoist the in-situ standard penetration test device to the test position, eliminating the rod force transmission system between the drop hammer and the penetrator 9 to save the operation time consumed by the rod connection. During the hoisting process, the check block 83 is disconnected from the hoist 5, the push switch 84 installed on the check block 83 is turned on, and the angle recorder 82 starts to record the rotation angle of the roller 81 and transmits it to the processor 85, where the processor 85 converts the rotation angle into the length of the rope lowered.
[0066] In the third step, after the penetrator 9 reaches the bottom of the borehole, the automatic unhooking mechanism 3 continues to move downward along the sleeve 1. The automatic unhooking mechanism 3 will first pass through the sensor 6, the winch 5 will stop working, and the staff will control the winch 5 to lower it again, and then the automatic unhooking mechanism 3 will pass through the recording switch 86, the recording switch 86 is turned on, and the processor 85 records the length of the rope lowered.
[0067] In the fourth step, the automatic unhooking mechanism 3 continues to be lowered along the sleeve 1 until it abuts against the core hammer 2 and grabs the core hammer 2, and then the winch 5 reverses to lift the automatic unhooking mechanism 3 and the core hammer 2 to a specified height. After reaching the specified height, the automatic unhooking mechanism 3 releases the lock on the core hammer 2, and the core hammer 2 falls freely to hammer the sleeve 1. During the lifting process of the automatic unhooking mechanism 3, it will pass through the recording switch 86 again, and the processor 85 will record the length of the rope lowered again.
[0068] In the fifth step, the automatic unhooking mechanism 3 continues to rise until it passes the sensor 6, and the winch 5 automatically stops working, that is, one hammering is completed.
[0069] Step 6: Repeat the operations of steps 4 and 5 until the penetrator 9 is driven into the soil by 15 cm, that is, the latest rope length recorded by the processor 85 is 15 cm higher than the first recorded length.
[0070] Step 7. Start recording the number of hammer blows for every 10 cm of penetration. The cumulative number of hammer blows for every 30 cm of penetration is the standard penetration test hammer number N.
[0071] The above description is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model rather than to limit it. Other modifications or equivalent substitutions made to the technical solution of the utility model by ordinary technicians in this field should be included in the scope of the claims of the utility model as long as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the utility model.
Claims
1. A standard penetration test drop distance automatic control device, characterized in that: It includes A sleeve (1), wherein a guide groove (11) is provided in the sleeve (1); A core hammer (2) is located in the guide groove (11) and can slide along the guide groove (11); An automatic unhooking mechanism (3) is located in the guide groove (11) and is used to lift the core hammer (2) to a certain height and then release it; Support frame (4), A winch (5) is installed at the top of the support frame (4) as a power output end, and is used to drive the automatic unhooking mechanism (3) to move along the guide groove (11); The sensor (6) is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve (1) and is used to control the start and stop of the winch (5).
2. According to claim 1, the automatic control device for drop distance of standard penetration test is characterized in that: The sensor (6) is installed within a distance of less than 10 cm from the top end of the guide groove (11) and more than 76 cm from the bottom end of the guide groove (11).
3. The automatic control device for drop distance of a standard penetration test according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide rod (7) is vertically arranged on the center line of the guide groove (11), and the guide rod (7) is used to ensure that the core hammer (2) remains vertical during the falling process.
4. A standard penetration test drop distance automatic control device according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: A through hole (21) for the guide rod (7) to pass through is arranged on the center line of the core piercing hammer (2), and a plurality of exhaust holes (22) are evenly arranged on the outer wall of the core piercing hammer (2).
5. The automatic control device for drop distance of a standard penetration test according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hammer pad (12) is installed at the bottom end of the guide groove (11).
6. The automatic control device for drop distance of a standard penetration test according to claim 1, characterized in that: An end cover (13) is installed at the top end of the sleeve (1), and a lifting hole (131) connected to the guide groove (11) is provided on the end cover (13).
7. The automatic control device for drop distance of a standard penetration test according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a distance measuring device for measuring the standard penetration depth, the distance measuring device including a roller (81) installed on the output end of the hoist (5) and rotating as the rope is retracted and released; An angle recorder (82), mounted on the roller (81) and used to record the rotation angle of the roller (81); A check block (83) installed on the winch (5) to limit the position of the automatic unhooking mechanism (3); A push switch (84) is mounted on the check block (83) and is used to control the opening and closing of the angle recorder (82); A processor (85), mounted on the support frame (4), is used to convert the data of the angle recorder (82) into the rope retracted and released length and record it; The recording switch (86) is installed on the inner wall of the sleeve (1) and is used to control the processor (85) to record data.
8. The automatic control device for drop distance of a standard penetration test according to claim 7, characterized in that: The recording switch (86) is installed at a distance of 76 cm from the bottom end of the guide groove (11).
9. The automatic control device for drop distance of a standard penetration test according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two inspection windows (14) for maintaining the recording switch (86) and the sensor (6) are arranged on the side wall of the sleeve (1).