Bricklaying structure of cone bottom working surface of gasification furnace
By canceling the vertical sky-facing seam at the bottom of the gasifier cone, changing it to a near-horizontal fire mud joint, and using mother-child buckle assembly and convex rib design, the problem of short service life of the cone-bottom refractory brick is solved, and the long-term use of the refractory brick and the stability of the operation of the gasifier is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421630572.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-20
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-07-11
AI Technical Summary
The refractory bricks at the bottom of the existing gasifier cone are short due to high-temperature and high-speed flowing materials and temperature diffusion, resulting in short service life and frequent replacement, which affects the operation of the gasifier.
A new brick-laying structure is adopted to cancel the vertical sky-facing seams at the junction of the large wall and the slag mouth, and change it to a near-horizontal fire mud joint. The large wall fire-resistant bricks are assembled through the form of a mother-child buckle to increase convex ribs to slow down the slag flow rate.
Effectively prevent high-temperature slag from corrosion on refractory bricks, extend the service life of refractory bricks at the cone bottom and slag openings, reduce the replacement frequency, and improve the operating efficiency of the gasifier.
Smart Images
Figure CN222886731U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of coal chemical gasifiers, and particularly relates to a bricklaying structure for the working surface of the conical bottom of a gasifier. Background Art
[0002] The water coal slurry pressurized gasifier is a key device for coal liquefaction technology. Using coal as raw material, it undergoes a series of chemical reactions after mixing with high-temperature steam and oxygen, converting solid coal into gases such as CO, H 2 and CH 4 etc., which are used as chemical raw materials such as synthetic ammonia and town gas. What restricts the operation of the gasifier is the relatively high cost and service life of the refractory materials used for the furnace lining, especially the conical bottom part at the bottom of the gasifier. The slag outlet of the water coal slurry pressurized gasifier is the outlet for the whole gasifier's materials, and these materials are gases such as CO, H 2 flowing at high temperature and high speed, as well as liquid slag. The materials flowing at high temperature and high speed not only cause severe material erosion to the slag outlet, but also increase the surrounding temperature due to the outward diffusion of its temperature. Since the usage conditions of this part are the most severe, being under high temperature (1350°C) and high pressure (6.5 MPa) inside the furnace, with a strong reducing atmosphere and liquid acidic slag discharge, and accompanied by high-speed erosion of solids, liquids, and gases, its service life is relatively short, and the frequent replacement caused by this has become a bottleneck in the operation process of the gasifier.
[0003] The structure of the conical bottom part of the gasifier includes a slag outlet and a large wall; the refractory bricks at the bottom of the existing slag outlet are usually laid flat, and the fire clay joints between the bricks are usually flat joints. The joints between the bricks at the large wall are usually 45° inclined joints, and there is usually a vertical upward-facing joint at the junction of the large wall and the slag outlet; the fire clay joints are usually the weak parts of the refractory materials. During the use of the existing conical bottom structure, because the fire clay joints are inclined upward, and there is a vertical upward-facing joint at the transition between the slag outlet and the large wall, the high-temperature molten slag generated during the operation of the gasifier will erode along the fire clay joints and the vertical upward-facing joint, further intensifying the erosion of the refractory bricks and causing them to spall and fall off, affecting the service life of the refractory bricks at the conical bottom part, and even causing the gasifier to be forced to stop for maintenance. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a bricklaying structure for the working surface of the conical bottom of a gasifier, avoiding the 45° inclined joints between the bricks at the large wall, and at the same time canceling the vertical upward-facing joint at the junction of the slag outlet and the large wall. This bricklaying structure effectively extends the service life of the refractory bricks at the conical bottom of the gasifier.
[0005] The technical solution adopted by the utility model is as follows: a bricklaying structure for the working surface of the conical bottom of a gasifier. The conical bottom body of the gasifier is a conical steel shell. A furnace lining refractory brick is laid on the upper part of the conical bottom body in contact with the inner side of the furnace shell. Inside the furnace lining refractory brick and inside the conical bottom body, a large wall forming an annular cone surface is composed of multiple rings of large wall refractory bricks. The masonry joints between each layer of large wall refractory bricks are set as nearly horizontal fire clay joints inclined downward; below the bottom layer of large wall refractory bricks, multiple layers of slag notch backing bricks and slag notch working surface bricks are successively laid. The annular slag notch working surface bricks laid layer by layer form a conical stepped slag notch that is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom. The bottom of the large wall and the slag notch of the conical bottom of the gasifier are supported by a conical bottom plate provided on the conical bottom body of the gasifier, and the edge of the slag notch working surface brick protrudes beyond the edge of the conical bottom plate.
[0006] Ribs or grooves are provided on the side surface, upper and lower surfaces of the large wall refractory bricks. The upper and lower surfaces and side surfaces of the large wall refractory bricks between each layer and between layers are assembled in the form of male and female buckles through the ribs and grooves respectively.
[0007] The large wall refractory bricks are arranged in layers in a circular shape and in a stepped manner from the furnace shell to the furnace center direction. Ribs are provided on the trapezoidal hypotenuse working surface of the large wall refractory bricks.
[0008] The nearly horizontal fire clay joint has an inclined angle of not more than 6° inclined downward horizontally from the furnace shell to the furnace center direction.
[0009] The cross-section of the topmost layer of large wall refractory bricks is triangular, and the cross-sections of the other layers of large wall refractory bricks except the topmost layer are trapezoidal; the masonry joint between the bottommost layer of large wall refractory bricks and the slag notch backing bricks and slag notch working surface bricks is a flat joint.
[0010] The length of the lower layer of slag notch working surface bricks is less than the length of the upper layer of slag notch working surface bricks.
[0011] Each ring of the conical ring layer of the large wall of the conical bottom of the gasifier is composed of 25 - 36 large wall refractory bricks laid, and each ring of the working surface at the slag notch is composed of 18 - 20 slag notch working surface bricks and 18 slag notch backing bricks laid.
[0012] For the large wall composed of multiple rings of large wall refractory bricks forming an annular cone surface, the masonry joints between each layer of large wall refractory bricks are set as nearly horizontal fire clay joints inclined downward; the purpose of this setting is: by changing the cross-sectional shape of the brick type in the remaining parts of the conical bottom, the masonry method of the brick type changes from vertical laying to horizontal laying, reducing the number of bricks per ring of the brick type, thereby reducing the existence of fire clay joints, making the inclined joints of the large wall refractory bricks become nearly horizontal fire clay joints inclined downward and not more than 6°, greatly hindering the erosion of the refractory bricks by the high-temperature molten slag through the fire clay joints, and effectively improving the service life of the large wall part of the conical bottom of the gasifier.
[0013] The lower part of the bottommost large wall refractory brick is successively laid with multiple layers of slag notch backing bricks and slag notch working surface bricks. The annular slag notch working surface bricks laid layer by layer form a conical stepped slag notch with a smaller upper part and a larger lower part. The purpose of this setting is as follows: The vertical upward-facing joint at the junction of the slag notch and the large wall is eliminated, preventing high-temperature molten slag from directly entering the lower slag notch bricks, which may cause premature damage to the masonry joints and slag notch bricks, making the refractory bricks here less likely to be damaged and fall off, thus protecting the slag notch. By using the stepped structure where the slag notch working surface bricks gradually decrease from top to bottom, it can ensure that the second and third layers of slag notch working surface bricks below the first layer of slag notch working surface bricks are not corroded by molten slag, playing a role in protection against corrosion and effectively extending the service life of the slag notch bricks.
[0014] Reinforcing ribs or grooves are provided on the side surface, upper surface, and lower surface of the large wall refractory brick. The upper and lower surfaces and side surfaces of the large wall refractory bricks between each layer and between layers are assembled respectively in the form of male and female joints of the reinforcing ribs and grooves. Reinforcing ribs are provided on the trapezoidal hypotenuse working surface of the large wall refractory brick. The purpose of this setting is as follows: Assembling the large wall refractory bricks in the form of male and female joints enhances the overall structural strength of the large wall refractory bricks and effectively prevents high-temperature molten slag from eroding the mortar joints of the large wall refractory bricks. Adding a reinforcing rib on the working surface of the large wall refractory brick slows down the flow rate of the molten slag, thereby reducing the erosion damage to the cone bottom.
[0015] The masonry joint between the bottommost large wall refractory brick and the slag notch backing brick and the slag notch working surface brick is a flat joint. The purpose of this setting is as follows: Considering that the masonry joint of the first layer of slag notch working surface bricks is eroded by molten slag, it is convenient to replace them individually.
[0016] The beneficial effects of the present utility model: In the bricklaying structure of the new cone bottom working surface, since the vertical upward-facing joint at the junction of the slag notch and the large wall is eliminated, high-temperature molten slag is prevented from directly entering the slag notch bricks, making the refractory bricks here less likely to be damaged and fall off, protecting the slag notch and effectively extending the service life of the slag notch. Due to the change in the brick shape at the large wall, all inclined joints become nearly horizontal mortar joints, and at the same time, due to the change in the bricklaying method, the number of mortar joints in each ring is reduced, greatly hindering the erosion of the refractory bricks by high-temperature molten slag through the mortar joints and effectively increasing the service life of the cone bottom large wall part. Description of the Drawings
[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the masonry structure at the cone bottom of a gasifier in the prior art;
[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the bricklaying structure of the working surface at the cone bottom of the gasifier of the present utility model.
[0019] Markings in the figure: 1. Working surface brick of slag notch; 2. Backing brick of slag notch; 3. Refractory brick of large wall; 4. Refractory brick of furnace lining; 5. Vertical upward-facing joint; 6. Inclined fire clay joint; 7. Nearly horizontal fire clay joint; 8. Cone bottom body; 9. Slag notch; 10. Cone bottom plate. Specific embodiments
[0020] The following further elaborates on the specific embodiments of the present utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0021] As Figure 1 shown, it is a schematic diagram of the masonry structure of the cone bottom of a gasifier in the prior art. The cone bottom part includes a slag notch and a large wall. The part close to the center of the furnace is called the slag notch, and the working surface and backing corresponding to the large inclined plane extending from the back of the slag notch to the working surface of the furnace lining are called the large wall. Among them, the slag notch bricks include: T1901, T1902, T1903, T1904, T1911 and T1911A; the large wall bricks include: T1905, T1906, T1907, T1908, T1909 and T1909A; the joints between bricks at the large wall are usually 45° inclined fire clay joints 6, and there is a through vertical upward-facing joint 5 between the slag notch brick T1904 and the large wall brick T1905; both the large wall brick and the topmost brick of the slag notch are laid vertically. Going up from the slag notch to the large wall, the number of bricks in each ring of the working surface bricks of the slag notch and the large wall increases successively, between 30 and 60 pieces, and the number of fire clay joints generated is also between 30 and 60.
[0022] As Figure 2 shown, it is a schematic diagram of the masonry structure of the working surface of the cone bottom of the gasifier of the present utility model. A masonry structure for the working surface of the cone bottom of a gasifier, the cone bottom body 8 of the gasifier is a conical steel shell. On the upper part of the cone bottom body 8, a furnace lining refractory brick 4 is laid in contact with the inner side of the furnace shell. Inside the furnace lining refractory brick 4 and inside the cone bottom body 8, a large wall in the form of an annular cone is formed by multiple rings of large wall refractory bricks 3. The masonry joints between each layer of large wall refractory bricks 3 are set as nearly horizontal fire clay joints 7 that incline downward; below the lowermost layer of large wall refractory bricks 3, multiple layers of slag notch backing bricks 2 and slag notch working surface bricks 1 are successively laid. The annular slag notch working surface bricks 1 laid layer by layer form a conical stepped slag notch 9 that is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom; the bottom of the large wall and the slag notch 9 of the cone bottom of the gasifier are supported by a cone bottom plate 10 provided on the cone bottom body 8 of the gasifier, and the edge of the slag notch working surface brick 1 protrudes from the edge of the cone bottom plate 10.
[0023] Reinforcing ribs or grooves are provided on the side surface, upper and lower surfaces of the large wall refractory brick 3. The upper and lower surfaces and side surfaces of each layer and between layers of large wall refractory bricks 3 are assembled in the form of male and female buckles of the reinforcing ribs and grooves respectively. Assembling the large wall refractory bricks 3 in the form of male and female buckles enhances the overall structural strength of the large wall refractory bricks 3 and effectively prevents the erosion of the fire clay joints of the large wall refractory bricks 3 by high-temperature molten slag.
[0024] The large-wall refractory bricks 3 are arranged in layers in a circular shape and in a stepped manner from the furnace shell to the furnace center. Ribs are provided on the working surfaces of the trapezoidal hypotenuses of the large-wall refractory bricks 3. Adding a rib on the working surface of the large-wall refractory bricks 3 slows down the flow rate of the molten slag, thereby reducing the erosion of the overall bricklaying structure at the cone bottom.
[0025] The near-horizontal fireclay joint 7 has an inclination angle of not more than 6° sloping downward horizontally from the furnace shell to the furnace center.
[0026] The cross-section of the uppermost layer of the large-wall refractory bricks 3 is triangular, and the cross-sections of the other layers of the large-wall refractory bricks 3 except the uppermost layer are trapezoidal; the masonry joints between the lowermost layer of the large-wall refractory bricks 3, the slag notch backing bricks 2, and the slag notch working surface bricks 1 are flat joints. The masonry joint of the slag notch working surface brick 1 of the first layer is a flat joint considering that the slag notch working surface brick 1 of this layer is eroded by molten slag and is convenient for individual replacement.
[0027] The length of the lower-layer slag notch working surface brick 1 is less than that of the upper-layer slag notch working surface brick 1.
[0028] Each conical ring layer of the conical bottom large wall of the gasifier is built with 25 - 36 large-wall refractory bricks, and each ring of the working surface at the slag notch is built with 18 - 20 slag notch working surface bricks and 18 slag notch backing bricks.
[0029] Keep the brick types of T1901, T1902, T1903, T1911, and T1911A flat-laid at the slag notch unchanged, change the brick type cross-section style of the slag notch working surface brick 1 (N1) of the first layer from the original triangular-like brick to a rectangular-like brick, and all the large-wall refractory bricks 3 (O, Q, P, S, T) are changed from special-shaped bricks to trapezoidal bricks, and are stacked layer by layer, so that all the 45° inclined fireclay joints 6 at the large wall are changed to near-horizontal fireclay joints 7. At the same time, the vertical upward-facing joint 5 at the joint of the large wall and the slag notch 9 is cancelled. The thickness of the flat-laid brick type is usually set at about 100 mm. Extending from the slag notch 9 to the large wall, the number of bricks per ring of the slag notch 9 and the large-wall refractory bricks increases sequentially, between 20 - 36, and the number of fireclay joints generated is also between 20 - 36; compared with the traditional structure, the number of fireclay joints is greatly reduced. During masonry, first mason the brick type at the slag notch 9 part, and then sequentially lay the large-wall refractory bricks 3 flat. Apply fireclay between the bricks to ensure that the fireclay is full, and the thickness of the fireclay is 1 - 1.2 mm, and stack layer by layer until the entire cone bottom masonry is completed.
[0030] In addition to the above embodiments, the present utility model can also have other implementation manners. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope required by the present utility model.
Claims
1. A brickwork structure for the conical bottom working surface of a gasifier, characterized in that: The cone bottom body of the gasifier is a conical steel shell, and the upper part of the cone bottom body is fitted with furnace lining refractory bricks on the inner side of the furnace shell. Fitting the inner side of the furnace lining refractory bricks and inside the cone bottom body, a large wall with an annular cone surface is formed by multiple rings of large wall refractory bricks, and the masonry joints between each layer of large wall refractory bricks are set as nearly horizontal fire mud joints inclined downward; the lower part of the bottom layer of large wall refractory bricks is sequentially laid with multiple layers of slag mouth backing bricks and slag mouth working face bricks, and the layers of annular slag mouth working face bricks form a conical stepped slag mouth with a small top and a large bottom; the cone bottom wall and the bottom of the slag mouth of the gasifier are supported by a cone bottom plate set on the cone bottom body of the gasifier, and the edges of the slag mouth working face bricks protrude from the edges of the cone bottom plate.
2. The brickwork structure of the conical bottom working surface of a gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sides and upper and lower surfaces of the large wall refractory bricks are provided with convex ribs or grooves, and the upper and lower surfaces and sides of each layer and between layers of the large wall refractory bricks are assembled in the form of snap-fit buckles with convex ribs and grooves.
3. The brickwork structure of the conical bottom working surface of a gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large wall refractory bricks are arranged in layers in a circular and stepped manner from the furnace shell to the furnace center, and convex ribs are arranged on the trapezoidal bevel working surface of the large wall refractory bricks.
4. The brickwork structure of the conical bottom working surface of a gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nearly horizontal fire mud seam has an inclination angle of no more than 6° from the furnace shell to the furnace center.
5. The brickwork structure of the conical bottom working surface of a gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-section of the top layer of refractory bricks is triangular, and the cross-sections of the refractory bricks of other layers of the large wall except the top layer are trapezoidal; the masonry joints between the bottom layer of refractory bricks of the large wall and the slag mouth backing bricks and the slag mouth working face bricks are flat joints.
6. The brickwork structure of the conical bottom working surface of a gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the lower slag opening working face bricks is smaller than the length of the upper slag opening working face bricks.
7. The brickwork structure of the conical bottom working surface of a gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each ring of the conical ring layer of the conical bottom wall of the gasifier is built with 25-36 large wall refractory bricks, and each ring of the working surface at the slag mouth is built with 18-20 slag mouth working surface bricks and 18 slag mouth backing bricks.