Composite fiber

Abstract

The utility model discloses a composite fiber which comprises a first component, a second component and a third component, the cross section, perpendicular to the length direction, of the composite fiber comprises a plurality of single-component areas and a plurality of separated double-component areas, and every two adjacent double-component areas are separated by a single-component area. The plurality of single-component areas are separated from one another or are connected with one another in the center of the cross section perpendicular to the length direction; the component of the single-component area is a third component, the component of the double-component area comprises a first component and a second component, the first component and the second component are arranged in parallel, the first component and the second component are respectively in contact with the third component, and the single-component area and the double-component area are detachably in contact connection; the composite fiber not only can be directly used, but also can be split into the superfine fiber and the single-component fiber with specific structures, and the elasticity, the glossiness and the strength such as the tearing strength of the superfine fiber are obviously improved at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of fibers, in particular to a composite fiber. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the textile industry generally defines microfibers as those with a single-filament fineness of less than 0.44 dtex. Microfibers are primarily characterized by a soft, delicate feel and excellent flexibility. There are various methods for producing microfibers, including direct spinning and bicomponent spinning. Direct spinning is relatively simple, but in practice, spinning fibers with a fineness below 0.44 dtex presents significant challenges and is not easily scalable. Bicomponent spinning, currently the most widely used and researched method, can be broadly categorized as composite spinning and blended spinning. Composite spinning is the most widely used method. It involves spinning two or more fiber-forming polymers into composite fibers. One component of the composite fiber is then dissolved and removed to separate the components, resulting in the microfiber. For example, a composite fiber made from unbonded polyester and polyamide melts can be separated and then stripped to produce the microfiber. However, current microfibers still suffer from deficiencies such as insufficient elasticity, poor gloss, and relatively poor strength, such as tear strength, which limits their applicability. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome one or more deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a composite fiber with a novel structure, which can not only be used directly (having the properties of both microfibers and a third component when used), but can also be quickly split to obtain microfibers with improved elasticity, glossiness, and strength, such as tear strength, in at least one aspect.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0005] A composite fiber, comprising a first component, a second component, and a third component; a cross section of the composite fiber perpendicular to its length comprises a plurality of monocomponent regions and a plurality of discrete bicomponent regions, wherein two adjacent bicomponent regions are separated by a monocomponent region, and the plurality of monocomponent regions are discrete from each other or connected to each other at the center of the cross section perpendicular to its length;

[0006] The component of the single-component area is the third component, and the component of the two-component area includes the first component and the second component. The first component and the second component are arranged in parallel, and the first component and the second component are respectively in contact with the third component, and the single-component area and the two-component area are detachably contacted and connected.

[0007] According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, the single-component region occupies at most 50% of the area of ​​the cross section perpendicular to the length direction.

[0008] Furthermore, the single-component region occupies 5%-40% of the area of ​​the cross section perpendicular to the length direction.

[0009] According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, in the two-component region, the area of ​​the region where the first component is located differs from the area of ​​the region where the second component is located by 0-20%.

[0010] According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, the two-component area is a fan-shaped structure.

[0011] According to some specific aspects of the present invention, the cross section perpendicular to the length direction has a hollow structure, and the two-component area is a structure remaining after removing a portion adjacent to the center of the fan-shaped structure.

[0012] According to some specific aspects of the present invention, in the two-component area, the portion where the first component contacts the second component is arc-shaped.

[0013] According to some specific aspects of the present invention, the multiple single-component areas are integrally formed to form a cross-shaped structure.

[0014] According to some specific aspects of the present invention, the first component is polyethylene terephthalate with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.45-0.7 dL / g, and the second component is polybutylene terephthalate or polytrimethylene terephthalate with an intrinsic viscosity of 1.0-1.4 dL / g.

[0015] According to some specific aspects of the present invention, the third component is nylon 6, polyethylene terephthalate copolymer, polyethylene or polypropylene.

[0016] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the utility model has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0017] Based on the fact that the currently prepared ultrafine fibers still have defects such as insufficient elasticity, poor gloss, and relatively poor strength such as tear strength, the inventors of the present utility model innovatively provide a composite fiber with a new structure. The composite fiber can not only be used directly (it can have the properties of ultrafine fibers and a third component at the same time when used), but can also be used to quickly split the composite fiber to obtain ultrafine fibers with greatly reduced radial dimensions. Moreover, the ultrafine fibers have achieved significant improvements in at least one aspect of elasticity, gloss, and strength such as tear strength. Moreover, the composite fiber can also be simultaneously split to obtain M-shaped fibers with strong moisture absorption properties, or to obtain multiple I-shaped fibers, which is highly efficient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is one of the cross-sectional schematic diagrams of the composite fiber, the elastic shaped fiber, and the single-component fiber formed by the third component in the embodiment of the present invention; wherein, Figure 1 (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the composite fiber. Figure 1 (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of elastic shaped fibers. Figure 1 (c) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fiber formed from the third component;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a second cross-sectional schematic diagram of the composite fiber, the elastic shaped fiber, and the single-component fiber formed by the third component in the embodiment of the present invention; wherein, Figure 2 (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the composite fiber. Figure 2 (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of elastic shaped fibers. Figure 2 (c) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fiber formed from the third component;

[0020] Figure 3 This is the third cross-sectional schematic diagram of the composite fiber, the elastic shaped fiber, and the single-component fiber formed by the third component in the embodiment of the present invention; wherein, Figure 3 (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the composite fiber. Figure 3 (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of elastic shaped fibers. Figure 3 (c) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fiber formed from the third component;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a fourth cross-sectional schematic diagram of the composite fiber, the elastic shaped fiber, and the single-component fiber formed by the third component in the embodiment of the present invention; wherein, Figure 4 (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the composite fiber. Figure 4 (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of elastic shaped fibers. Figure 4 (c) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fiber formed from the third component;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a spinneret assembly in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of point A in the middle;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of a distribution plate in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified schematic diagram of point B in the middle;

[0026] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Another schematic diagram of the distribution channel shown;

[0027] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal flow passage of the distribution plate after being cut open in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0028] Figure 11 for Figure 10 The enlarged schematic diagram of point C in the middle;

[0029] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the internal flow channel of the spinneret assembly after being cut open in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 13 for Figure 12 The enlarged schematic diagram of point D in the middle;

[0031] Figure 14 It is a partial schematic diagram of the first flow channel and the second flow channel;

[0032] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of another feeding structure of three components in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0033] In the accompanying drawings, 10, first component; 20, second component; 30, third component; 40, spinneret assembly; 41, distribution plate; 411, first flow channel; 412, second flow channel; 413, third flow channel; 414, fourth flow channel; 4141, first sub-flow channel; 4142, second sub-flow channel; 415, fifth flow channel; 416, first component introduction slot; 417, second component introduction slot; 418, third component introduction slot; 419, solid middle part; 42, spinneret; 421, spinneret hole; 50, composite fiber; 51, single component area; 52, two-component area; 53, hollow structure; 60, elastic shaped fiber; 70, single component fiber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The following description sets forth many specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0035] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of this utility model, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0036] The utility model provides a composite fiber, which comprises a first component, a second component, and a third component; a cross section of the composite fiber perpendicular to the length direction (the composite fiber is usually circular, so the cross section may also be referred to as a radial cross section) comprises a plurality of monocomponent regions and a plurality of discrete bicomponent regions, wherein two adjacent bicomponent regions are separated by a monocomponent region, and the plurality of monocomponent regions are discrete from each other or connected to each other at the center of the cross section perpendicular to the length direction;

[0037] The component of the single-component area is the third component, and the component of the two-component area includes the first component and the second component. The first component and the second component are arranged in parallel, and the first component and the second component are respectively in contact with the third component, and the single-component area and the two-component area are detachably contacted and connected.

[0038] In some optional embodiments, the single-component region occupies at most 50% of the area of ​​the cross-section perpendicular to the length direction, and further 5%-40%; in the two-component region, the area of ​​the region where the first component is located differs from the area of ​​the region where the second component is located by 0-20%.

[0039] In some optional embodiments, the two-component region is a fan-shaped structure, and in the two-component region, the portion where the first component and the second component are in contact is arc-shaped.

[0040] In some optional embodiments, the cross section perpendicular to the length direction has a hollow structure, and the two-component area is a structure remaining after removing a portion adjacent to the center of the fan-shaped structure.

[0041] In some optional embodiments, the multiple single-component regions are integrally formed to form a cross-shaped structure.

[0042] In some optional embodiments, the first component is polyethylene terephthalate with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.45-0.7 dL / g, the second component is polybutylene terephthalate or polypropylene terephthalate with an intrinsic viscosity of 1.0-1.4 dL / g, and the third component is nylon 6, polyethylene terephthalate copolymer, polyethylene or polypropylene.

[0043] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] See also Figure 1 As shown, this example provides a composite fiber, which comprises a first component 10, a second component 20 and a third component 30; the cross section of the composite fiber 50 perpendicular to the length direction comprises a plurality of single-component regions 51 and a plurality of discrete two-component regions 52, two adjacent two-component regions 52 are separated by one of the single-component regions 51, and the plurality of single-component regions 51 are interconnected at the center of the cross section perpendicular to the length direction; the component of the single-component region 51 is the third component 30, and the component of the two-component region 52 comprises a first component 10 and a second component 20, the first component 10 and the second component 20 are arranged side by side, the first component 10 and the second component 20 are respectively in contact with the third component 30, and the single-component region 51 and the two-component region 52 are detachably contacted and connected.

[0046] Specifically, in this example, the first component 10 is polyethylene terephthalate with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.45-0.7 dL / g, the second component 20 is polybutylene terephthalate or polypropylene terephthalate with an intrinsic viscosity of 1.0-1.4 dL / g, and the third component 30 is nylon 6, polyethylene terephthalate copolymer, polyethylene, or polypropylene. The single-component region 51 occupies approximately 5%-40% of the area of ​​the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. In the two-component region 52, the area of ​​the first component 10 is slightly larger than the area of ​​the second component 20.

[0047] Furthermore, the composite fiber 50 is generally circular in cross section, the monocomponent region 51 is composed of the third component 30, and the bicomponent region 52 is composed of the first component 10 and the second component 20 to form a fan-shaped structure, with the first component 10 on the outside of the fan-shaped structure and the second component 20 on the inside of the fan-shaped structure; the third component 30 forms a monocomponent fiber 70, specifically a "M"-shaped fiber ( Figure 1 (c)), has a very large specific surface area, the first component 10 and the second component 20 constitute the elastic shaped fiber 60 ( Figure 1 In (b)), if you want to Figure 1 (a) Remove the elastic shaped fiber 60 ( Figure 1 (b) in the figure), "rice" type fiber ( Figure 1In (c)), according to the raw material properties of the third component, for example, nylon 6 can be stripped with an alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, thereby obtaining a plurality of elastic shaped fibers 60 and a "M"-shaped fiber; if polyethylene terephthalate glycol copolymer is selected, it can be directly dissolved with an alkaline solution, thereby obtaining only a plurality of elastic shaped fibers. Such a strippable or removable manner constitutes the characteristic of detachable contact and connection between the single-component region and the two-component region.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] See also Figure 2 As shown, this example provides a composite fiber, which is basically the same as Example 1, with the only difference being that the first component 10 is on the left side of the fan-shaped structure, and the second component 20 is on the right side of the fan-shaped structure.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] See also Figure 3 As shown, this example provides a composite fiber, which includes a first component 10, a second component 20 and a third component 30; the cross section of the composite fiber 50 perpendicular to the length direction includes multiple single-component regions 51 and multiple discrete two-component regions 52, and two adjacent two-component regions 52 are separated by one of the single-component regions 51, and multiple single-component regions 51 are discrete from each other; the component of the single-component region 51 is the third component 30, and the component of the two-component region 52 includes the first component 10 and the second component 20, the first component 10 and the second component 20 are arranged side by side, the first component 10 and the second component 20 are respectively in contact with the third component 30, and the single-component region 51 and the two-component region 52 are detachably contacted and connected.

[0052] Specifically, in this example, the first component 10 is polyethylene terephthalate with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.45-0.7 dL / g, the second component 20 is polybutylene terephthalate or polypropylene terephthalate with an intrinsic viscosity of 1.0-1.4 dL / g, and the third component 30 is nylon 6, polyethylene terephthalate copolymer, polyethylene, or polypropylene. The single-component region 51 occupies approximately 5%-40% of the area of ​​the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. In the two-component region 52, the area of ​​the first component 10 is slightly larger than the area of ​​the second component 20.

[0053] Furthermore, the composite fiber 50 is a hollow composite fiber as a whole, and its cross section perpendicular to the length direction has a hollow structure 53. The composite fiber with a hollow structure can be used for high-end skin clothing, down jackets, etc.; wherein the two-component area is a structure remaining after removing a part of the adjacent circle center from the fan-shaped structure, forming Figure 3In the structure shown in (b), the first component 10 is on the outside of the remaining fan-shaped structure, the second component 20 is on the inside of the remaining fan-shaped structure, and the third component 30 forms a single component fiber 70, specifically a "straight" type fiber ( Figure 3 (c) in the . Figure 3 (a) Remove the elastic shaped fiber 60 ( Figure 3 (b) in the figure), "straight" type fiber ( Figure 3 In (c)), according to the raw material characteristics of the third component, for example, nylon 6 can be stripped with an alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, thereby obtaining a plurality of elastic shaped fibers 60 and a "straight" type fiber. The "straight" type fiber has a unique touch and gloss, and is mainly used in sun-protective clothing, etc. If polyethylene terephthalate glycol copolymer is selected, it can be directly dissolved with an alkaline solution to obtain a plurality of bicomponent elastic shaped fibers. Such a strippable or removable manner constitutes the characteristic of detachable contact and connection between the single-component region and the bicomponent region.

[0054] Example 4

[0055] See also Figure 4 As shown, this example provides a composite fiber, which is basically the same as Example 3, with the only difference being that the first component 10 is on the left side of the remaining fan-shaped structure, and the second component 20 is on the right side of the remaining fan-shaped structure.

[0056] Example 5

[0057] This example provides a spinning assembly and a method for preparing the above-mentioned Figure 1-4 A method for producing composite fibers of the structure shown.

[0058] Specifically, in this example, the spinneret assembly includes a distribution plate and a spinneret formed with spinnerets. The distribution plate includes a first flow channel for simultaneously introducing a first component and a second component into the spinnerets, and a second flow channel for introducing a third component into the spinnerets. The axis of the first flow channel is perpendicular to the axis of the second flow channel.

[0059] The area of ​​the cross section of the first flow channel perpendicular to the length direction is S1, the length of the first flow channel is L1, and the following conditions are met:

[0060] and 5≤a≤20;

[0061] The area of ​​the cross section of the second flow channel perpendicular to the length direction is S2, the length of the second flow channel is L2, and the following conditions are met:

[0062] And 1≤b≤10;

[0063] There are multiple first flow channels and multiple second flow channels, and each of the adjacent first flow channels is separated by a second flow channel. The multiple second flow channels are separated from each other or their respective axis lines intersect at the same point. The orthographic projections of the first flow channel and the second flow channel are both located within the orthographic projection range of the inlet of the spinneret.

[0064] The following combination Figures 5 to 15 For further explanation, the spinneret assembly 40 includes a distribution plate 41 and a spinneret 42 stacked in sequence from top to bottom. The distribution plate 41 is used to introduce various components. The spinneret 42 is formed with spinneret holes 421. The spinneret holes 421 are used to receive the various components introduced by the distribution plate 41 and then spray them out to form composite fibers 50.

[0065] Figures 5 and 6 A schematic diagram of the distribution flow channels for introducing the first component, the second component, and the third component into the distribution plate 41 in the initial stage is shown schematically. Only one is shown as an example, and a form of composite fiber can be obtained. Specifically, the first component is introduced into the fifth flow channel 415 through the first component introduction groove 416, and the second component is introduced into the fifth flow channel 415 through the second component introduction groove 417. The first component introduction groove 416 and the second component introduction groove 417 are respectively connected to the fifth flow channel 415, and the two are at an angle, which is an acute angle. The angle of the acute angle can be 10°-75°, and one first component introduction groove 416, one second component introduction groove 417 and one fifth flow channel 415 constitute a channel for introducing A two-component combination, the combination for introducing two components has multiple components and roughly forms a circle, the fifth flow channel 415 is located in the middle of the circle, the first component introduction groove 416 and the second component introduction groove 417 are respectively extended from the outside to the inside, and at the same time, a plurality of third component introduction grooves 418 are also provided on the distribution plate 41, and the third component introduction groove 418 is arranged in a ring shape. A third component introduction groove 418 can be provided on both sides of the aforementioned circle, and the two third component introduction grooves 418 surround the aforementioned circle in the middle, so that the third component can be introduced at both ends respectively, which not only realizes the introduction of a sufficient amount of the third component, but also helps to disperse the pressure of the introduction of the third component, and avoids excessive pressure caused by introduction from a single position.

[0066] Further, see Figures 7 and 8 , with the bottom of the distribution plate 41 facing upward, a schematic diagram of the distribution of the flow channels at the bottom of the distribution plate 41 can be seen, which includes a plurality of first flow channels 411 and a plurality of second flow channels 412. Two adjacent first flow channels 411 are separated by a second flow channel 412, and two adjacent second flow channels 412 are separated by a first flow channel 411. Figure 4The multiple second flow channels 412 in the spinneret converge at a point (an area) in the middle, and the single-component fiber formed in this way will be a whole with a distinct special-shaped structure. The first component and the second component introduced simultaneously by the first flow channel 411 will pass into the spinneret hole in parallel. In this way, the two-component fiber formed by the first component and the second component will be confined between the gaps between the single-component fibers. The third flow channel 413 is annularly arranged, that is, the third component in the third flow channel 413 can be supplied to the multiple second flow channels 412 at the same time through the annular arrangement, and the three components are arranged in an annular manner. The third component in the current third flow channel 413 flows in through the first sub-flow channel 4141 and the second sub-flow channel 4142 of the fourth flow channel in sequence. Two fourth flow channels can be symmetrically arranged, and the third component can be introduced into the third flow channel 413 from both ends at the same time, which is beneficial for each position in the third flow channel 413 to be quickly filled with the third component, and then each second flow channel 412 can receive the introduction of the third component basically at the same time and evenly, which is beneficial for multiple second flow channels 412 to simultaneously introduce the third component into the spinneret, further ensuring the stable and continuous preparation of the composite fiber.

[0067] Figure 9 The structure shown is basically the same Figure 8 The only difference is that the second flow channels 412 are arranged separately from each other and cannot be gathered in the middle. Specifically, the middle is made solid and arranged in a solid middle 419, so that the preparation of hollow composite fibers can be achieved.

[0068] Figure 10 and Figure 11 The internal flow channel of the distribution plate 41 is revealed by cutting open a portion of the distribution plate 41. Figure 12 and Figure 13The internal flow channels of the spinneret assembly 40 including the distribution plate 41 and the spinneret are revealed by partially cutting open. Specifically, the first component and the second component introduced from the first component introduction slot and the second component introduction slot respectively pass through the fifth flow channel 415 to the first flow channel 411. The outlet of the first flow channel 411 is opposite to the inlet of the spinneret hole 421. The third component introduced from the third component introduction slot flows in sequence through the first sub-flow channel 4141 and the second sub-flow channel 4142 of the fourth flow channel and enters the third flow channel 413. The axis line of the first sub-flow channel 4141, the axis line of the fifth flow channel 415 and the axis line of the first flow channel 411 are all parallel. The second sub-flow channel 4142 is connected to the third flow channel 413 and its outlet is staggered with the inlet of the second flow channel 412. The third flow channel 413 evenly distributes the third component to multiple second flow channels 412 at the same time, and the third component can quickly fill the second flow channels 4 12, and enters the spinneret 421 through the lower opening of the second flow channel 412, the orthographic projections of the first flow channel 411 and the second flow channel 412 are both located within the orthographic projection range of the entrance of the spinneret 421, and the axis of the first flow channel 411 is perpendicular to the axis of the second flow channel 412; here, the structures of the first flow channel 411 and the second flow channel 412 are designed, and the purpose of the design is to enable the first component, the second component and the third component to be in a suitable pressure state and flow state when they are distributed and introduced, further, the area of ​​the cross section of the first flow channel 411 perpendicular to the length direction is S1, the cross section of the first flow channel 411 perpendicular to the length direction can be circular, the area of ​​the cross section of the second flow channel 412 perpendicular to the length direction is S2, the cross section of the second flow channel 412 perpendicular to the length direction is square, and at the same time, they each meet the following conditions (see further Figure 14 ):The length of the first flow channel 411 is recorded as L1 and satisfies the following condition: S1=π×(L1 / 2a) 2 , and 5≤a≤20; the length of the second flow channel 412 is recorded as L2, and satisfies the following condition: S2=π×(L2 / 2b) 2 , and 1≤b≤10; further preferably, L1, L2, S1, and S2 can satisfy the following conditions:

[0069] And 1.5≤c≤5;

[0070] The first flow channel 411 and the second flow channel 412 are the last distribution parts of the distribution plate 41. The subsequent three components will enter the spinneret and be ejected through the spinneret. The experiment of the present invention found that by limiting the structure of the first flow channel 411 and the second flow channel 412 as mentioned above, it can better ensure that the three components have a suitable pressure state and flow state when being distributed and entering, thereby stably and continuously preparing composite fibers, reducing or even avoiding the occurrence of uneven distribution caused by the interaction between the components and the possible leakage of slurry.

[0071] In addition, the outlets of the plurality of first flow channels 411 are respectively distributed on the circumference of the first circle, and the inlets of the plurality of second flow channels 412 are respectively distributed on the circumference of the second circle; the center of the first circle coincides with the center of the second circle, or the straight line containing the two centers is parallel to the axis of the first flow channel 411. Furthermore, the diameter of the first circle is 1 / 3-3 / 4 of the diameter of the second circle, and in this embodiment, approximately 1 / 2 can be used. A fan-shaped area is formed between two adjacent second flow channels 412, and the first flow channel 411 is located at the centroid of the fan-shaped area. The cross-section of the spinneret 421 perpendicular to the length direction is circular.

[0072] See also Figure 15 As shown, it is another feeding structure diagram of the three components of the utility model. Figure 6 In terms of the structure, another composite fiber will be obtained; of course, the difference is that the arrangement of the first component and the second component is different, and the subsequent spinneret structure is the same. Figure 6 The feed structure shown will result in Figure 2 or Figure 4 The structure of the left-right arrangement shown, Figure 15 The feed structure shown will result in Figure 1 or Figure 3 The structure of the upper and lower arrangement (inside and outside arrangement) shown in FIG. Figure 15 The fourth flow channel 414' is located at the same Figure 6 The first component introduction groove 416' and the second component introduction groove 417' are arranged opposite to each other, and the fifth flow channel 415' is located in the middle of the first component introduction groove 416' and the second component introduction groove 417'. In particular, only one second component introduction groove 417' is provided, which corresponds to multiple first component introduction grooves 416'. Such a feeding form is conducive to forming Figure 1 or Figure 3 The first component and the second component are shown in an upper and lower arrangement (inside and outside arrangement).

[0073] Further:

[0074] (1) Provide a preparation method Figure 1The method for producing composite fibers of the structure shown in the figure is carried out according to the FDY process using the spinneret of the structure shown in the figure, especially using Figure 15 The feeding direction of the three components shown in the figure is as follows: low-viscosity PET (intrinsic viscosity of 0.58 dL / g) is used as the first component, high-viscosity PTT (intrinsic viscosity of 1.2 dL / g) is used as the second component, and PA6 (purchased from Wuxi Changan Polymer, brand 1600-1, relative viscosity 2.7) is used as the third component; the feed mass ratio of the first component to the second component is 50:50; the total feed mass ratio of the first component to the second component and the feed mass ratio of the third component is 80:20; in the first flow channel, a=5; in the second flow channel, b=1; Each component melt metering back is fed in the above-mentioned spinneret assembly, ejection then, wherein the parameter of FDY process is: first component box spinning temperature is 268 ℃, second component box spinning temperature is 258 ℃, third component box spinning temperature is 265 ℃, cooling temperature is 23 ℃, cooling air pressure is 20Pa, network pressure is 0.3MPa, one roller speed is 1750m / min, one roller temperature is 80 ℃, two roller speeds are 3920m / min, two roller temperatures are 120 ℃, and winding speed is 3800m / min, the composite fiber that obtains. This composite fiber is peeled off (solution concentration is about 2%, and temperature is about 100 ℃, stops about 20min), obtains elastic special-shaped fiber and " rice character " type fiber.The performance test result of composite fiber is referring to shown in Table 1.

[0075] (2) Provide a preparation method Figure 2 The method for producing composite fibers of the structure shown in the figure is carried out according to the FDY process using the spinneret of the structure shown in the figure, especially using Figure 6The three-component feeding method shown in the figure specifically uses low-viscosity PET (intrinsic viscosity of 0.58 dL / g) as the first component, high-viscosity PBT (intrinsic viscosity of 1.28 dL / g) as the second component, and PA6 (purchased from Wuxi Changan Polymer, brand 1600-1, relative viscosity 2.7) as the third component; the feed mass ratio of the first component to the second component is 50:50; the total feed mass ratio of the first component to the second component and the feed mass ratio of the third component is 80:20; in the first flow channel, a=12; in the second flow channel, b=7; Each component melt metering is fed in the above-mentioned spinneret assembly, ejection then, wherein the parameter of FDY process is: the first component box spinning temperature is 266 ℃, the second component box spinning temperature is 260 ℃, the third component box spinning temperature is 264 ℃, cooling temperature is 23 ℃, cooling air pressure is 25Pa, network pressure is 0.35MPa, a roller speed is 1820m / min, a roller temperature is 82 ℃, two roller speeds are 4080m / min, two roller temperatures are 125 ℃, and winding speed is 4000m / min, the composite fiber that obtains. This composite fiber is peeled off (solution concentration is about 2%, temperature 100 ℃, stops about 20min), obtains elastic special-shaped fiber and " rice character " type fiber.The performance test result of composite fiber is referring to shown in Table 1.

[0076] (3) Provide a preparation method Figure 3 The method for producing composite fibers of the structure shown in the figure is carried out according to the FDY process using the spinneret of the structure shown in the figure, especially using Figure 15The feeding direction of the three components is shown in FIG. 1 , specifically: low-viscosity PET (intrinsic viscosity of 0.58 dL / g) is used as the first component, high-viscosity PBT (intrinsic viscosity of 1.28 dL / g) is used as the second component, and COPET (intrinsic viscosity of 0.64 dL / g) is used as the third component; the feed mass ratio of the first component to the second component is 50:50; the total feed mass ratio of the first component to the second component and the feed mass ratio of the third component is 75:25; in the first flow channel, a=15; in the second flow channel, b=8; the components are melted. After the melt is metered, it is passed into the above-mentioned spinneret assembly and then ejected. The parameters of the FDY process are: the first component box spinning temperature is 268°C, the second component box spinning temperature is 262°C, the third component box spinning temperature is 272°C, the cooling temperature is 23°C, the cooling air pressure is 28Pa, the network pressure is 0.3MPa, the first roller speed is 1750m / min, the first roller temperature is 85°C, the second roller speed is 4065m / min, the second roller temperature is 125°C, and the winding speed is 4000m / min to obtain a composite fiber. The composite fiber is subjected to alkaline hydrolysis (alkaline hydrolysis adopts sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, concentration of about 2.5%, temperature 100°C, and stays for about 25min), and the COPET is dissolved to obtain elastic special-shaped fibers. The performance test results of the composite fiber are shown in Table 1.

[0077] (4) Provide a preparation method Figure 4 The method for producing composite fibers of the structure shown in the figure is carried out according to the FDY process using the spinneret of the structure shown in the figure, especially using Figure 6The feeding direction of the three components shown in the figure is as follows: low-viscosity PET (intrinsic viscosity of 0.58 dL / g) is used as the first component, high-viscosity PBT (intrinsic viscosity of 1.28 dL / g) is used as the second component, and PA6 (purchased from Wuxi Changan Polymer, brand 1600-1, relative viscosity 2.7) is used as the third component; the feed mass ratio of the first component to the second component is 60:40; the total feed mass ratio of the first component to the second component and the feed mass ratio of the third component is 80:20; in the first flow channel, a=20; in the second flow channel, b=10 After each component is melt-metered, it is passed into the above-mentioned spinneret assembly and then ejected. The parameters of the FDY process are: the first component box spinning temperature is 266°C, the second component box spinning temperature is 262°C, the third component box spinning temperature is 258°C, the cooling temperature is 20°C, the cooling air pressure is 35Pa, the network pressure is 0.3MPa, the first roller speed is 1950m / min, the first roller temperature is 88°C, the second roller speed is 4260m / min, the second roller temperature is 135°C, and the winding speed is 4200m / min to obtain the composite fiber. The composite fiber is peeled off in sodium hydroxide solution (solution concentration 2%, temperature 100°C, stay 25min) to obtain elastic special-shaped fiber and "one-word" type fiber. The performance test of the composite fiber is shown in Table 1.

[0078] Table 1

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] Among the test items: (1) The method for determining linear density can refer to GB / T 14343-2008; (2) The method for determining elongation at break can refer to GB / T 14344-2008; (3) The method for determining breaking strength can refer to GB / T 14344-2008; (4) The method for determining dyeing uniformity (Grey level) can refer to GB / T 6508-2015; (5) The method for determining boiling water shrinkage can refer to GB / T 6505-2017; (6) The method for determining curl shrinkage can refer to GB / T6506-2017.

[0082] The above embodiments are intended only to illustrate the technical concepts and features of the present invention. Their purpose is to enable those familiar with the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement them accordingly. They are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications based on the spirit of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0083] The endpoints of the ranges and any values ​​disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoints of each range, the endpoints of each range and individual point values, and the individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered to be specifically disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A composite fiber, characterized in that The composite fiber comprises a first component, a second component, and a third component; a cross section of the composite fiber perpendicular to the length direction comprises a plurality of monocomponent regions and a plurality of discrete bicomponent regions, wherein two adjacent bicomponent regions are separated by a monocomponent region, and the plurality of monocomponent regions are discrete from each other or connected to each other at the center of the cross section perpendicular to the length direction; The component of the single-component area is the third component, and the component of the two-component area includes the first component and the second component. The first component and the second component are arranged in parallel, and the first component and the second component are respectively in contact with the third component, and the single-component area and the two-component area are detachably contacted and connected.

2. The composite fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that The single-component region occupies at most 50% of the area of ​​the cross section perpendicular to the length direction.

3. The composite fiber according to claim 2, characterized in that The single-component region occupies 5% to 40% of the area of ​​the cross section perpendicular to the length direction.

4. The composite fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that In the two-component region, the area of ​​the region where the first component is located differs from the area of ​​the region where the second component is located by 0-20%.

5. The composite fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that The two-component region is a fan-shaped structure.

6. The composite fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that The cross section perpendicular to the length direction has a hollow structure, and the two-component area is a structure remaining after removing a portion adjacent to the center of the fan-shaped structure.

7. The composite fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that In the two-component region, the portion where the first component contacts the second component is arc-shaped.

8. The composite fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that The multiple single-component areas are integrally formed to form a cross-shaped structure.

9. The composite fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that The first component is polyethylene terephthalate with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.45-0.7 dL / g, and the second component is polybutylene terephthalate or polytrimethylene terephthalate with an intrinsic viscosity of 1.0-1.4 dL / g.

10. The composite fiber according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that The third component is nylon 6, polyethylene terephthalate copolymer, polyethylene or polypropylene.

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