Superhard PCD cutter based on laser cutting process optimization

Abstract

The utility model discloses a superhard PCD cutter based on laser cutting process optimization, which comprises a length shell, the top end of the length shell is connected with a screw rod in a sliding manner, the top end of the screw rod is provided with an assembly head, the top end of the assembly head is fixedly provided with a cutter bar, the top end of the cutter bar is fixedly provided with a cutter head, and the length shell is internally provided with a lifting assembly. According to the ultrahard PCD cutter optimized based on the laser cutting technology, the cutter head is composed of the base block and the outer shell, the laser energy density distribution is optimized, the cutting efficiency is improved, the cutting efficiency is improved, and the cutting quality is improved. The cutting heat input is matched with the thermal expansion coefficient of the gradient transition layer, the interface stress concentration is reduced, the strength is high, and the service life of the tool bit is prolonged; a base block is made of WC-10% Co hard alloy, a shell is made of diamond with the particle size of 5 micrometers and 8% SiC binding agents, the sintering pressure is 5.5 GPa, the temperature is 1450 DEG C, the hardness is high, and systematic laser machining is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of superhard tool manufacturing technology, specifically to a superhard PCD tool optimized based on laser cutting process. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cutting boasts a small laser spot and high energy density, resulting in superior cutting quality, minimal precision error between the upper and lower sections, and a clean, aesthetically pleasing cut surface with roughness accurate to the micrometer level. The cut material is largely unaffected by heat, eliminating the need for subsequent processing such as grinding and polishing. Laser cutting equipment is automated through programming, allowing for continuous, long-term operation. Equipped with water cooling systems to maintain optimal equipment temperature, it enhances efficiency. Laser cutting speeds far exceed those of traditional cutting equipment, making it particularly suitable for large-scale production. Laser cutting is applicable to a wide range of materials, including metals, non-metals, and composites, such as stainless steel, carbon steel, aluminum alloys, and titanium alloys. Its broad applicability has led to its widespread application across numerous industrial sectors.

[0003] However, traditional laser cutting processes have the following drawbacks:

[0004] (1) When cutting PCD tools with traditional lasers, the excessive heat-affected zone (HAZ) causes micro-cracks on the tool edge, affecting the tool life;

[0005] (2) The bonding strength between the traditional PCD layer and the cemented carbide matrix is ​​insufficient, and delamination failure is prone to occur during high-speed cutting;

[0006] (3) There is currently no systematic solution to simultaneously address the thermal damage from laser cutting and the optimization of the PCD layer structure. Utility Model Content

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ultrahard PCD cutting tool based on laser cutting process optimization, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, such as the excessive heat-affected zone (HAZ) causing microcracks at the tool edge and affecting tool life when using traditional laser cutting PCD tools; the insufficient bonding strength between the traditional PCD layer and the cemented carbide matrix, which easily leads to delamination failure during high-speed cutting; and the lack of a systematic solution to simultaneously solve the problems of laser cutting thermal damage and PCD layer structure optimization.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an ultrahard PCD cutting tool optimized based on laser cutting technology, comprising a length shell, a screw slidably connected to the top of the length shell, an assembly head mounted on the top of the screw, a tool holder fixedly mounted on the top of the assembly head, a cutting head fixedly mounted on the top of the tool holder, a lifting assembly installed inside the length shell, and a fixing assembly installed in the middle of the length shell. The lifting assembly includes a handle and a driving bevel gear, with one end of the handle fixedly connected to the middle of the driving bevel gear.

[0009] Preferably, the cutting head includes a base block and a shell, with the outer side of the base block fixedly connected to the inner side of the shell. The base block is made of WC-10%Co cemented carbide, and the shell is made of 5μm diamond + 8%SiC binder. The sintering pressure is 5.5GPa and the temperature is 1450℃.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom end of the outer casing is fixedly connected to the blade holder.

[0011] Preferably, a connecting platform is fixedly installed inside the length shell, and a driven bevel gear is rotatably connected to the top of the connecting platform. The interior of the driven bevel gear is threadedly connected to the screw.

[0012] Preferably, the outer side of the active bevel helical gear meshes with the outer side of the driven bevel helical gear. The surface of the handle is connected to the length shell. When the user rotates the handle, the handle drives the active bevel helical gear to rotate. The active bevel helical gear contacts the driven bevel helical gear, and the driven bevel helical gear rotates due to friction. The thread on the inner wall of the driven bevel helical gear matches the thread on the surface of the screw. The driven bevel helical gear is limited by the connecting platform, so the screw slides relative to the length shell.

[0013] Preferably, the fixing component includes a positioning platform and two first angle plates. One end of each of the two first angle plates is rotatably connected to both sides of the positioning platform. A movable block is provided at the top of the positioning platform. A second angle plate is rotatably connected to both sides of the movable block. The other ends of the two first angle plates are rotatably connected to one end of each of the two second angle plates. A fixing ring is fixedly installed in the middle of each of the two first angle plates and the middle of each of the two second angle plates. During the sliding of the movable block along the length shell, the second angle plates deflect at an angle relative to the movable block, and the first angle plates deflect at an angle relative to the positioning platform.

[0014] Preferably, a lead screw that passes through the movable block is rotatably connected to the surface of the positioning platform. The middle part of the lead screw is threadedly connected to the movable block. The positioning platform is fixedly connected to the length shell, and the movable block is slidably connected to the length shell. When the user rotates the lead screw, the thread on the surface of the lead screw matches the thread on the inner wall of the movable block. The movable block is limited by the length shell, so the movable block slides along the length shell, adjusting the opening and closing direction of the angle plate and indirectly adjusting the fixing direction of the fixing ring.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0016] 1. The cutter head consists of a base block and a shell. By optimizing the laser energy density distribution, the cutting heat input is matched with the thermal expansion coefficient of the gradient transition layer, reducing interface stress concentration, resulting in high strength and extended service life of the cutter head.

[0017] 2. The base is made of WC-10%Co cemented carbide, and the outer shell is made of 5μm diamond + 8%SiC binder. The sintering pressure is 5.5GPa and the temperature is 1450℃. It has high hardness and is easy to perform systematic laser processing. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a side view of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a side view of the fixing component of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a connection diagram of the lifting component and the length shell of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a connection diagram of the cutter head and cutter shank of this utility model.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Length shell; 2. Screw; 3. Assembly head; 4. Tool holder; 5. Tool head; 51. Base block; 52. Outer shell; 6. Lifting assembly; 61. Handle; 62. Driving bevel helical gear; 63. Driven bevel helical gear; 64. Connecting platform; 7. Fixing assembly; 71. Positioning platform; 72. First angle plate; 73. Second angle plate; 74. Fixing ring; 75. Movable block; 76. Lead screw. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] Please see Figure 1-4 This utility model provides an ultrahard PCD cutting tool optimized based on laser cutting technology, including a length shell 1, a screw 2 slidably connected to the top of the length shell 1, an assembly head 3 installed at the top of the screw 2, a tool holder 4 fixedly installed at the top of the assembly head 3, a cutting head 5 fixedly installed at the top of the tool holder 4, a lifting assembly 6 installed inside the length shell 1, and a fixing assembly 7 installed in the middle of the length shell 1. The lifting assembly 6 includes a handle 61 and an active bevel gear 62, with one end of the handle 61 fixedly connected to the middle of the active bevel gear 62.

[0025] The cutter head 5 includes a base block 51 and a shell 52. The outer side of the base block 51 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the shell 52. The base block 51 is made of WC-10%Co cemented carbide, and the shell 52 is made of 5μm diamond + 8%SiC binder. The sintering pressure is 5.5GPa and the temperature is 1450℃.

[0026] The bottom end of the outer casing 52 is fixedly connected to the tool holder 4.

[0027] A connecting platform 64 is fixedly installed inside the length shell 1. A driven bevel gear 63 is rotatably connected to the top of the connecting platform 64. The interior of the driven bevel gear 63 is threadedly connected to the screw 2.

[0028] The outer side of the driving bevel helical gear 62 meshes with the outer side of the driven bevel helical gear 63. The surface of the handle 61 is connected to the length shell 1. When the user rotates the handle 61, the handle 61 drives the driving bevel helical gear 62 to rotate. The driving bevel helical gear 62 contacts the driven bevel helical gear 63, and the driven bevel helical gear 63 rotates due to friction. The thread on the inner wall of the driven bevel helical gear 63 matches the thread on the surface of the screw 2. The driven bevel helical gear 63 is limited by the connecting platform 64, so the screw 2 slides relative to the length shell 1.

[0029] The fixing component 7 includes a positioning platform 71 and two first angle plates 72. One end of each of the two first angle plates 72 is rotatably connected to the two sides of the positioning platform 71. The top of the positioning platform 71 is provided with a movable block 75. Both sides of the movable block 75 are rotatably connected to second angle plates 73. The other ends of the two first angle plates 72 are rotatably connected to one end of each of the two second angle plates 73. Fixing rings 74 are fixedly installed in the middle of the two first angle plates 72 and the middle of the two second angle plates 73. During the sliding of the movable block 75 along the length shell 1, the second angle plates 73 deflect at an angle relative to the movable block 75, and the first angle plates 72 deflect at an angle relative to the positioning platform 71.

[0030] A lead screw 76 is rotatably connected to the surface of the positioning table 71, passing through the movable block 75. The middle part of the lead screw 76 is threadedly connected to the movable block 75. The positioning table 71 is fixedly connected to the length shell 1, and the movable block 75 is slidably connected to the length shell 1. When the user rotates the lead screw 76, the thread on the surface of the lead screw 76 matches the thread on the inner wall of the movable block 75. The movable block 75 is limited by the length shell 1, so the movable block 75 slides along the length shell 1, adjusting the opening and closing direction of the angle plate, and indirectly adjusting the fixing direction of the fixing ring 74.

[0031] In this embodiment, during use: the user rotates handle 61, which drives the active bevel gear 62 to rotate. The active bevel gear 62 contacts the driven bevel gear 63, causing the driven bevel gear 63 to rotate due to friction. The thread on the inner wall of the driven bevel gear 63 matches the thread on the surface of the screw 2. The driven bevel gear 63 is limited by the connecting platform 64, so the screw 2 slides relative to the length shell 1, adjusting the position of the cutting head 5. The user rotates the lead screw 76, which matches the thread on the surface of the lead screw 76 with the thread on the inner wall of the movable block 75. The movable block 75 is limited by the length shell 1, so it slides along the length shell 1, adjusting the opening and closing direction of the angle plate and indirectly adjusting the fixing direction of the fixing ring 74. The base block 51 is made of WC-10%Co cemented carbide, and the outer shell 52 is made of 5μm diamond + 8%SiC. The binder is used, with a sintering pressure of 5.5 GPa and a temperature of 1450℃. A wavelength of 1064±10 nm, a pulse frequency of 20-100 kHz, and a mixed gas of nitrogen and inert gas are employed as the auxiliary gas. The diamond grains at the cutting edge exhibit a preferential orientation. A transition layer, such as a gradient structure of nanodiamond + Co, is added between the PCD layer and the cemented carbide matrix, with a ratio gradient of 0-15 wt%, improving the interfacial bonding strength by 30%. Grain orientation technology, through high-pressure sintering, controls the preferred orientation of diamond grains at 2-30 μm, improving the tool edge wear resistance by 25%. The wavelength is 1064 nm, a common fiber laser band, with a pulse frequency of 20-100 kHz and a cutting speed of 0.5-3 m / min. These parameters conform to the conventional parameter range for laser cutting of superhard materials, but need to be verified in conjunction with the specific material thickness, such as a PCD layer thickness of 0.3-2 mm. Nanodiamond can enhance the interfacial bonding strength, but the gradient layer thickness (e.g., 50-200 μm) and Co content need to be clearly defined. Sintering compatibility with a content gradient of 0-15wt%, and grain orientation: diamond crystal orientation has higher wear resistance.

[0032] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A super-hard PCD cutter based on laser cutting process optimisation comprising a length shell (1) characterised in that: The top end of the length shell (1) is slidably connected with a screw rod (2), the top end of the screw rod (2) is provided with an assembling head (3), the top end of the assembling head (3) is fixedly provided with a cutter bar (4), the top end of the cutter bar (4) is fixedly provided with a cutter head (5), the inside of the length shell (1) is provided with a lifting assembly (6), the middle part of the length shell (1) is provided with a fixing assembly (7), the lifting assembly (6) comprises a handle (61) and a driving umbrella bevel gear (62), one end of the handle (61) is fixedly connected with the middle part of the driving umbrella bevel gear (62).

2. A super-hard PCD cutter based on laser cutting process optimisation according to claim 1 characterised in that: The cutter head (5) comprises a base block (51) and a shell (52), the outer side of the base block (51) is fixedly connected with the inner side of the shell (52).

3. A super-hard PCD cutter based on laser cutting process optimisation according to claim 2 characterised in that: The bottom end of the shell (52) is fixedly connected with the cutter bar (4).

4. A super-hard PCD cutter based on laser cutting process optimisation according to claim 1 characterised in that: The inside of the length shell (1) is fixedly provided with a connecting table (64), the top end of the connecting table (64) is rotatably provided with a driven umbrella bevel gear (63), the inside of the driven umbrella bevel gear (63) is threadedly connected with the screw rod (2).

5. A super-hard PCD cutter based on laser cutting process optimisation according to claim 4 characterised in that: The outer side of the driving umbrella bevel gear (62) is meshingly connected with the outer side of the driven umbrella bevel gear (63), the surface of the handle (61) is connected with the length shell (1).

6. A super-hard PCD cutter based on laser cutting process optimisation according to claim 1 characterised in that: The fixing assembly (7) comprises a positioning table (71) and two first angle plates (72), one end of the two first angle plates (72) is rotatably connected with the two sides of the positioning table (71), the top end of the positioning table (71) is provided with a movable block (75), the two sides of the movable block (75) are rotatably connected with a second angle plate (73), the other end of the two first angle plates (72) is rotatably connected with one end of the two second angle plates (73), the middle part of the two first angle plates (72) and the middle part of the two second angle plates (73) are fixedly provided with a fixing ring (74).

7. A super-hard PCD cutter based on laser cutting process optimisation according to claim 6 characterised in that: The surface of the positioning table (71) is rotatably provided with a lead screw (76) penetrating through the movable block (75), the middle part of the lead screw (76) is threadedly connected with the movable block (75), the positioning table (71) is fixedly connected with the length shell (1), and the movable block (75) is slidably connected with the length shell (1).

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